In China, arable land and orchards occupy 11.6% of land area compared with Japan's 15.1%. However, Japan has only 2.6% of pasture to China's 18.5%. Japanese farming is highly mechanised, involves large applications of fertilizer and there is considerable migration. The Chinese commune involves little mechanisation, enforces full employment by reducing mobility and by rice rationing. Light
... [Show full abstract] industry is encouraged within the commune. Fertilizer applications are only 10% of Japan's. Japan 'could learn from the Chinese experience by refraining from stressing the economic aspects of production and by overhauling the social structure of the whole society'. -M. J. Haigh