Seedling and adult plant resistance of barley genotypes to stripe rust pathogen (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. hordei)

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Indian Phytopath. 68 (2) : 218-220 (2015)
SHORT COMMUNICATION
Seedling and adult plant resistance of barley genotypes to
stripe rust pathogen (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. hordei)
R. SELVAKUMAR1*, R.P.S. VERMA2, M.S. SAHARAN1, S.C. BHARDWAJ3, P.S. SHEKHAWAT4, MADHU MEETA
JINDAL5, DHANBIR SINGH6, RAKESH DEVLASH7, S.S. KARWASRA8, S.K. JAIN9 and INDU SHARMA1 1ICAR-
Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal 132 001, Haryana, India
2International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Area (ICARDA), Morocco
3ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Shimla 171 004, Himachal Pradesh, India
4Rajasthan Agricultural University, Durgapura 302 018, Rajasthan, India
5Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141 004, Punjab, India
6CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Dhaulakuan 173 001, Himachal Pradesh, India
7CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Bajaura 175 125, Himachal Pradesh, India
8Ch Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125 004, Haryana, India
9Vivekanand Parvatiya Krishi Anusandhan Sansthan, Almora 263 601, Uttarakhand, India
Key words: Barley, resistance, yellow rust, Puccinia striiformis f. sp. hordei
The world’s population has doubled since 1970s to
approximately 7 billion people and is projected to
increase considerably over the coming decades. Roughly
2.5 billion of these rural people derive their livelihoods
from agriculture (4). At present, about 12 percent of the
world’s land area is used for crop production (1). Barley
(Hordeum vulgare L.) is the fourth most important cereals
of the world after rice, wheat and maize and is a major
source of food for large population of cool and semi-arid
areas of the world, where wheat and other cereals are
less adapted. Barley is an important cereal crop grown
in India and used for variety of purposes including animal
feed, human food and in industry for malting and brewing.
Barley is cultivated in highly diverse regions of the world
from 330 m below sea level up to 4200 m above sea
level. Barley is grown in about 70 million hectares in the
world with global production of 160 million tons. The crop
is affected by many fungal, bacterial and viral diseases
and amongst them the stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis
f.sp. hordei) is the most important one in the north-
western plains of India.
The incidence of stripe rust may be very serious in
susceptible varieties and result in heavy yield losses. Both
minor and major genes are known to provide stripe rust
resistance in barley. Finding and characterising such
sources of resistance to P. hordei could facilitate their
utilisation in breeding programmes. Resistance breeding
in India has been based on sources available in landraces
of indigenous or exotic origin, as in cultivated barley
available sources of resistance are limited. Bhardwaj and
Gangwar, (2) reported that stripe rust races 24, 57, G, Q
and M are more prevalent in barley growing regions in
India. Only very few reports are available on barley stripe
rust resistance in India (7, 9, 8, 10). In India only few
cultivars are available for cultivation among the farmers.
Several of them have become susceptible due to
*Corresponding author: rselvakumar.dwr@icar.org.in
emergence of new stripe rust races under changing
climate and breakdown of stripe rust resistance.
Therefore, there is a need to screen barley germplasm
from diverse sources of stripe rust resistance under
artificial epiphytotic condition in different environments.
Under multi environment conditions (Almora,
Dhaulakuan, Bajaura, Durgapura, Hisar, Ludhiana and
Karnal), a total of 134 barley genotypes were evaluated
during 2008 to 2010 in two crop seasons for their
resistance to stripe rust under artificial epiphytotic
conditions (Table 1).
The materials were grown in one metre length and
30 cm distance between rows. One line of infector was
sown after every 20 lines and this infector was also sown
Table 1. Barley entries evaluated for adult plant resistance in
multilocations
Centre Code Entries tested
Ludhiana PL 12
Bajaura HBL 4
Rewa JB 5
Faizabad NDB 13
Kanpur K 13
Varanasi HUB 5
Almora VLB 5
Hisar BH 14
Pantnagar UPB 5
Karnal DWR/ DWRUB 15
Shimla BHS 10
Durgapura RD 27
Leh SBL 1
Control 5
Total 134

Indian Phytopathology 68 (2) : 218-220 (2015) 219
Table 2. Response of barley genotypes under artificial screening in field at different locations during 2008-09 and 2009-10
Entry 2008-09 2009-10
Dhaula- Baja- Durga- Hisar Ludhi- Kar- Alm- ACI HS Dhaula- Baja- Durga- Hisar Ludhi- Kar- Alm- ACI HS
kuan ura pura ana nal ora kuan ura pura ana nal ora
BH902 00 00 00 00 00 00 TR 0.1 TR* 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
BH930 00 00 10MR* 00 00 00 00 0.6 10MR 0 0 20S 0 0 0 0 2.9 20S
DWR81 00 00 5MR* 00 00 00 00 0.3 5MR 0 0 10MR* 0 0 0 0 0.6 10MR
PL832 00 00 00 TR 00 00 00 0.1 TR* 0 0 TMR* 0 0 0 0 0.1 TMR
RD2552 00 00 00 00 00 5S 00 0.7 5S* 5S 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.7 5S
RD2740 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0.0 00 0 0 0 0 5S* 0 0 3.6 20S
RD2743 00 00 00 00 00 00 TR 0.1 TR* 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
RD2766 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0.0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
RD2768 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0.0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
RD2770 00 00 00 00 00 00 5S* 0.7 5S* 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
RD2775 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0.0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
RD2779 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0.0 00 TR* 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 TR
RD2780 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0.0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
RD2782 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0.0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
RD2783 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0.0 00 10S* 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.6 10S
*High reaction observed at one centre only; HS = Highest Score, ACI = Average Coefficient of Infection, R = Resistant, MR = Moderately
Resistant, MS = Moderately Susceptible, S = Susceptible, TR = Traces
Table 3. Confirmation of seedling resistance attributed by selected entries during 2008-09
Entries 2008-09 2009-10
G(4S0) M (1S0) Q(5S0) 24(0S0-1) 57(0S0) G(4S0) M(1S0) Q(5S0) 24(0S0-1) 57(0S0)
BH902 R R R R R MR R R R R
BH926 R R R MR R R R MR R MR
BHS384 R R R R R R R R R R
BHS389 R R R R R R R R R MR
DWR81 R R R R R R R R R MR
JB125 R R R R R R R R R R
PL832 R R R R R R R R R MR
RD2743 R R R R R R R R R R
RD2763 R R R R R MR MR MR R MR
RD2766 R R R R R R R R R R
RD2768 R R R R R R R R R R
RD2770 R R R R R R R R R R
RD2778 R R R R R R R R R R
RD2779 R R R R R R R R R R
RD2780 R R R R R R R R R R
RD2781 R R R R R R R R R R
RD2782 R R R R R R R R R R
RD2783 R R R R R R R R R R
UPB1001 R R R R R R MR R R MR
VLB114 R R R R R R R MR R MR
VLB116 R R R R R R R MR R MR
R = Resistant, MR = Moderately resistant
on all four sides of the field to ensure good development
of the disease. The stripe rust inoculum as mixtures of
the most prevalent races (24, 57, G, Q and M) received
from Regional Station, Indian Institute of Wheat and
Barley Research (IIWBR), Flowerdale, Shimla. These
races were multiplied in polyhouses on susceptible entry
Bilara-2. The seedling stems were artificially injected with
uredospores suspension of stripe rust followed by 3-4
sprays of water containing uredospores between 45-55
days after sowing from tillering to flag leaf stage. The
crop was grown as per recommended agronomic
practices. The data on stripe rust was recorded by
combining severity (percent leaf area covered by rust)
and response (infection type). Plants were scored when
the disease showed the maximum development on the
infector rows. Scoring for stripe rust was done using
modified Cobb scale (6).
Average coefficient of infection (ACI) was calculated
along with highest score. The entries showing ACI up to
1.00 for rusts at all centres were considered highly
resistant (HR). If the rust reaction at any one centre is
more than zero and other centres recorded zero, the entry
was subjected to multilocation screening for

220 Indian Phytopathology 68 (2) : 218-220 (2015)
Table 4. List of identified resistant sources to stripe rust of barley
Entry Parentage
BH902 BH495/RD2552
DWR81 DWR17/DWR28
PL832 RD2035/PL172
RD2743 RD2503/RD2579//RD2035
RD2766 BH393/NDB1245
RD2768 RD2592/K603
RD2770 RD2552/BH393//BH648
RD2779 RD2636/RD2670//NDB1245
RD2780 RD2035/BH550
RD2782 RD2552/NDB1187
RD2783 RD103/RD2518//RD2535
reconfirmation during second year. The lines observed
as resistant were repeated for screening in subsequent
years, to eliminate any chance of escape and also to
observe the stability of resistance.
The seedling resistance test on selected resistant
entries from field evaluation during 2008-09, were
conducted at IIWBR, Regional Station, Flowerdale,
Shimla using individual pathotypes (24, 57, G, Q and M)
during 2009-10 and 2010-11 under controlled conditions.
The observations were recorded on reaction type of the
seedlings against each pathotype after 14-15 days of
inoculation (5).
A thorough screening of 134 entries against stripe
rust at hot spot locations was done during 2008-09 crop
season (Table 2).
Entries which were found to be resistant during first
year (2008-09) to stripe rust were again screened during
2009-10 in (EBDSN) following same procedures. Fifteen
entries, viz. BH902, BH930, DWR81, PL832, RD2552,
RD2740, RD 2743, RD2766, RD2768, RD2770, RD2775,
RD2779, RD2780, RD2782 and RD2783 were confirmed
as resistant in adult plant stage.
Gulati and Varma (3) studied the pattern of variability
in relation to geographical regions and reported stripe
rust-resistant stocks from Ethiopia, Europe and high
areas of Tibet and Nepal. Few sources of stripe rust
resistance from exotic and indigenous barley accessions
against Indian pathotypes of Puccinia striiformis f.sp.
hordei were identified.
During 2008-09, same 134 entries were screened
against individual races of stripe rust for seedling
resistance at Flowerdale, Shimla. Out of these, 44 entries
were showed resistance to all races and these were
retested during 2009-10 against individual races under
EBDSN (Table 3).
Twenty one entries, viz. BH902, BH926, BHS384,
BHS389, DWR81, JB125, PL832, RD2743, RD2763,
RD2766, RD2768, RD2770, RD2778, RD2779, RD2780,
RD2781, RD2782, RD2783, UPB1001, UPB114,VLB116
were found resistance to individual YR races
consecutively for two years (2008-09 and 2009-10) in
seedling stage. Out of 134 entries tested eleven entries,
viz. BH902, DWR81, PL832, RD2743, RD2766, RD2768,
RD2770, RD2779, RD2780, RD2782 and RD2783
showed both seedling and adult plant resistance for two
years against individual races of stripe rust (Table 4).
Even though stripe rust in barley is causing severe
losses in India host resistance can effectively minimise
the yield losses. In northern hills regions most of the
local cultivars are highly susceptible to stripe rust. In India,
spraying of fungicides for management of polycyclic rust
is not economical as the crop is being grown under low
input conditions by poor farmers. Therefore, resistance
breeding is a preferable option for Indian barley
programme and genetic resistance is the most
successful, efficient and economical means to control
barley stripe rust. The identified resistant genotypes can
be used as donor lines to incorporate stripe rust
resistance in high yielding existing varieties to minimise
the losses due to stripe rust.
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Received for publication: February 27, 2015
Accepted for publication: April 30, 2015