Reconfiguring History: The “Flora and Fauna Act” and other myths of Australian legislation

Abstract

This project seeks to interrogate the continuing errors of history that have been disseminated so widely that they have become staples within the national narrative, and are now generally assumed to be truths. This primarily discursive study exposes the errors that have emerged from the narratives surrounding the 1967 referendum in Australia. From the publically advertised lead-up to the referendum to today, the event has been misrepresented more often than it has been accurately described, and it has been used as a central point of reference to several other misrepresentations of Australian history pertaining primarily to Aboriginal people. This project will address the 1967 referendum – with a strong focus on the persistent myth of the ‘Flora and Fauna Act’ – and the associated historical errors as issues requiring remedy, especially in the context of the need to provide healing for existing trans/intergenerational trauma, and also as preventative to further needless suffering.

Full text

Reconfiguring+History:!
The$“Flora$and$Fauna$Act”$and$other$
myths&of&Australian&legislation!
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TABLE!OF!CONTENTS!
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PREFACE! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 4!
ABSTRACT! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 6!
THE!QUESTION! ! ! ! ! ! ! 7!
INTRODUCTION! ! ! ! ! ! ! 7!
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LITERATURE!REVIEW! ! ! ! ! ! ! 15!
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METHODS!&!MATERIALS! ! ! ! ! ! 22!
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FINDINGS!&!DISCUSSION! ! ! ! ! ! 29!
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PROFESSIONAL!RESPONSES! ! ! ! ! ! 48!
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CONCLUSION!!!!!!!!52!
REFERENCES! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 53!
APPENDICES! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 65!
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LITERATURE!REVIEW!
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!Positioning!the!research!
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Metanarrative!
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&(,=%2!
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A!postmodern!approach!
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Theoretical!perspectives!
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Identifying!the!Aboriginal!voice!in!history!
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2.8!Effective!history!
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<C(!N%#!>B!,=:D>+<=+'=<#!%+,! ,(E*=F%<=>+!>B!:<%K=)=<#S!K'<!<C(!K'*,(+!B())!)(::!>+!
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2.9!Summary!of!the!situation!
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FINDINGS!&!DISCUSSION!
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Discursive!context!
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Office!of!Parliamentary!Counsel!
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13!
REFERENCES!
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GK>*=;=+%)cG':<*%)=%+!?())>N:C=E2!^0Q1H_2!1$&*&*"/'&"'&8$'8"/"A#.Q7$'K8$'T:$.Z$#'
./@'<$;Q$#%'"B'&8$'N"A%$'"B'($:#$%$/&.&*)$%'*/'1.#7*.;$/&'S%%$;Q7$@\!6(<*=(F(,!
B*>&!C<<En55=+,=;(+>':*=;C<:2+(<2%'5D=F=)r*=;C<:5<C(r*(B(*(+,'&Sr0Q1Hc
8H5(%*)#rE(<=<=>+:!
!
SQ"#*0*/.7%'1#"&$D&*"/'./@'($%&#*D&*"/'"/'&8$'T.7$'"B'E:*A;'SD&'5[X`H'K8$\'^kVO_2!
6(<*=(F(,!B*>&!
C<<En55B>'+,=+;,>D:2;>F2%'5*(:>'*D(:5<*%+:D*=E<:5d),1r,>Dr0@QH2E,B!
'
SQ"#*0*/$%'1#"&$D&*"/'SD&'5X4X\!^X$Y_2!6(<*=(F(,!B*>&!
C<<En55NNN2;>>;)(2D>&2%'5'*)e:%s<\*D<sj\ds\(:*Ds:\:>'*D(sN(K\D,s.\F(,
s/II[k?jG"\'*)sC<<E~3G~.?~.?NNN2%':<)==2(,'2%'~.?%'~.?)(;=:~.?+:
N~.?+'&r%D<~.?%E%0Q/Q+.1.8.2E,B\(=sG,P•pB9dJc
ZO&NY=roIGOk\':;sG?kjIXZU,Dl/Ndc
-L>U;j..?8j:U(‚JlQ;\:=;.s$311$KLdO;:.Zl8#)>p(pN\KF&sKF2Q3184/3HS,2
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88!
APPENDICES!
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Appendix!A!–!Media!content,!comments!sections,!blogs!&!
publications!
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Appendix!B!–!1967!petition!for!constitutional!amendment!
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Appendix!C!–!Personal!communications!
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Saturday,)9 )May)201 5)12 :38:5 9)Au stralian)Easter n)Standard)Time
Page)1)of)1
Subject: RE:$Public$website$feedback.$[SEC=UNCLASSIFIED]
Date: Wednesday,$29$April$2015$11:45:42$Australian$Eastern$Standard$Time
From: comlaw
To: samuel.byrnand@canberra.edu.au
The sender of this email certifies that its contents, and any attachments, are of an 'Unclassified'
nature.
Samuel
There is no record of a Commonwealth/Federal Flora and Fauna Act on ComLaw. To search State and Territory legislation
you need to contact the relevant State or Territory legislation publisher.
Regards
ComLaw Helpdesk
P Please consider the environmental impact before you print this email
-----Original Message-----
From: My_Comlaw [mailto:noreply@comlaw.gov.au]
Sent: Tuesday, 28 April 2015 3:44 PM
To: comlaw
Cc: samuel.byrnand@canberra.edu.au
Subject: Public website feedback. [SEC=UNCLASSIFIED]
Subject: Flora and Fauna Act
Message: Hello,
My name is Samuel Byrnand and I am currently studying at an Honours level @University of Canberra.
My main area of interest is the 1967 referendum. I am seeking information on a past Flora and Fauna Act that might have
classified Aboriginal people as flora and/or fauna - did such a federal Act ever exist? If so where might I obtain a copy?
I have dredged all relevant websites related to Australian legislation and have come up empty-handed.
Your response would be most welcome and very helpful to a budding researcher.
Thank you in advance,
Samuel Byrnand.
University of Canberra, Faculty of Arts and Design
Ph. 0490091436
Website User's Name: Samuel Byrnand
Website User's Email: samuel.byrnand@canberra.edu.au

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Friday,(15(May(201 5(17:2 0:27 (Australian(Easte rn(Standard(Time
Page(1(of(2
Subject: RE:$past$Acts$[$ref:_00D90ZANp._50090oIzVa:ref$]
Date: Friday,$15$May$2015$14:56:05$Australian$Eastern$Standard$Time
From: Environment$Line
To: Samuel.Byrnand@canberra.edu.au
Hi
If a Flora and Fauna Act existed at any stage, it will be locatable in state or federal lists of legislation. There is
nothing for NSW or at a federal level I can find to indicate it existed.
It may be that there has been a widespread misinterpretation of a combination of events and statements made
before and during the 1976 referendum about an Act covering Aboriginal people, when perhaps as indicated by
the following references, this came about from an inference that since Aboriginal people were viewed as not
having any citizenship rights and were quite possibly labelled as 'fauna' by some sections of the community, that
by default there must have been a Flora and Fauna Act. This is indicated by a number of references to this on a
google search for Flora and Fauna Act which I assume you have already done. For example see the following:
http://clubtroppo.com.au/2013/06/03/were-indigenous-people-regulated-by-the-flora-fauna-act/
http://wafflesatnoon.com/aborigines-classified-animals-flora-fauna-act/
You will see that a Victorian Education Department curriculum piece on the referendum has no mention of a Flora
and Fauna Act -
http://www.vcaa.vic.edu.au/Documents/auscurric/sampleunit/1967referendum/aboutreferendum.pdf
Regards
Linda
Environment Line
-----Original Message-----
From: Samuel.Byrnand [mailto:Samuel.Byrnand@canberra.edu.au]
Sent: Friday, 15 May 2015 12:02 PM
To: OEH ROGHD Heritage Mailbox
Subject: past Acts
Hello,
My name is Samuel Byrnand and I am currently studying at an Honours level @University of Canberra. I am
contacting you on Carly Puckeridge's (Aboriginal Affairs @Dept. of Education & Community) recommendation.
My main area of interest is the 1967 referendum. I am seeking information on a past Flora and Fauna Act (either
state or federal) - did such an Act ever exist? If so where might I obtain a copy?
I have dredged all relevant websites related to Australian legislation and have come up empty-handed.
Your response would be most welcome and very helpful to a budding researcher.
Thank you in advance,
Samuel Byrnand.
University of Canberra, Faculty of Art and Design

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H8!
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Saturday,)16)May)2015 )0:5 4:40)Australian)Easter n)Standard)Time
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Saturday,)16)May)2015 )0:5 6:00)Australian)Easter n)Standard)Time
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