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AÇIK ALAN EGZERSİZ PARKLARI VE KULLANICILARINA İLİŞKİN BİR ARAŞTIRMA
... According to Mengütay et al. (19), 10.7 % of the participants' preferred "it contributes to health" option. "Health" factor is placed on the top when considering the factors motivating the participants in to recreational activities who getting service from Private Medical-Sport Centres as to study done by Güngörmüş (28). ...
... As a result of the study done by Tatlı (31), most of the participants (91.6%) agreed that sports activities must be carried out under the supervision of specialists. In the study done by Simsek et al. (28) and named as "A Study Relating to Open Field Exercise Parks and Users", most of the participants (81%) want to work out under the supervision of sport specialists. ...
This study was prepared to determine the opinions and expectations of the community who come to the parks for doing sports. The popoulation consists of the people who come to parks in Gaziantep for doing sports. Including 480 female and 372 male totally 852 people participated to resarch. Survey method (scanning) and the views and expectations survey which was developed by Tatlı was used for the study. A total number of 852 people, 480 women and 372 men, participated in the research. SPSS 18 statistical packaged software used for analysis of the datas obtained. To comment the results percentage, frequency distribution and X² technique were used. The research results indicated that people come to the parks and doing sport for living a healhty lifestyle, they prefer parks because of free charge and they feel healthy and spry after doing sport. High incidence of the participants want to study with a personal trainer, when consulted by gender women are doing sports to ensure weight control, while men want to do bodybuilding. There is not a significant relation between wish to do sport with a personal trainer and occupational group and when examined the relation between educational status and preference to do sports in parks, it is concluded that primary and secondary school graduates prefer parks because their childen can play in the park while they are doing sport, high school graduates prefer parks because gyms have environment and hygiene problems, university graduates and above prefer parks beacuse gym membership fees are high.
... Sağlıklı ve doğru egzersiz alışkanlığının kazandırılması açık alan egzersiz parklarının nitelikli bir şekilde tasarlanması ve parkları kullanan bireylerin egzersiz bilinçlerinin arttırılması ile mümkün olabilmektedir. 8,9 Avrupa, Asya ve Kuzey Amerika başta olmak üzere dünyanın birçok yerinde açık alan spor aletleri kurulmaya ve uygulanmaya başlamıştır. Fakat bu alanların nasıl işlediği, hizmet verdiği ve katılımcılar ile ilgili araştırmalar yeterince yapılmamıştır. ...
Amaç: Bu çalışma, son zamanlarda yaygınlaşan açık alan spor aletlerini kullanan bireylerin egzersiz bilinçlerini ve alışkanlıklarını değerlendirmek amacıyla planlandı. Yöntem: Çalışma, Hatay ilinde bulunan 8 adet açık alan egzersiz parkı ve bu parklardan yararlanan 100 birey (53 kadın ve 47 erkek) üzerinde yapıldı. Literatür taranarak oluşturulan, katılımcıların egzersiz alışkanlığını ve bilincini değerlendiren anket ile, katılımcılar birebir görüşme yöntemiyle sorgulandı. Bulgular: Bireylerin % 91'inin uygun kıyafetle, % 78'inin ise uygun ayakkabı ile spor yaptığı belirlendi. Bireylerin % 79'u egzersiz sonrasında sağlık problemi yaşarken, bunların % 54'ünün kas ağrısından şikayet ettikleri belirlendi. Araştırmaya katılan bireylerin egzersiz yapma amaçları sorgulandığında bireylerin % 18'i doğru egzersiz konusunda yeterli bilgiye sahip olmadığını belirtti, % 37'si düzgün bir duruşa sahip olmak için ve %26'sı da zayıflamak amacıyla egzersiz yaptıklarını belirtti. Sonuç: Açık alan spor aletleri, toplumumuza egzersiz alışkanlığını kazandırmakta yardımcı olan yöntemlerden biridir. Ancak, yanlış uygulanan egzersizden kaynaklı sağlık problemleri meydana gelebilmektedir. Bu durumun, spor aletleriyle ilgili bilgi düzeyi yetersizliğinden kaynaklandığı düşünülmektedir. Çalışmamızda fizyoterapistlerin, sağlıklı bireylerin egzersiz hakkında bilinçlendirilmeleri için halk sağlığı alanında koruyucu ve bilinçlendirici rol almaları gerektiği kanısına varıldı. Anahtar kelimeler: Fiziksel uygunluk, Spor aletleri, Parklar. Investigation of exercise awareness and habits of individuals using outdoor fitness equipment Purpose: This study was designed to evaluate exercise awareness and habits of individuals who use outdoor fitness equipment. Methods: This study was conducted in 8 outdoor fitness parks in the province of Hatay with 100 individuals (53 women, 47 men) who use these parks. A questionnaire was designed to obtain data about individuals' exercise habits and awareness to exercise using the interview method. Results: It was observed that 91% of individuals were wearing appropriate outfit and 78% of them were wearing proper shoes. Seventy nine percent of individuals suffered from health problems after exercise, 54% of participants who had post-exercise problems complained about muscle pain. When participants questioned about the purpose of their exercise; 18% of them answered that " they did not have enough knowledge about suitable exercises " and 37% answered " in order to have proper posture " , 26% answered " to lose weight ". Conclusions: Using outdoor fitness equipment is one of the methods that help to improve exercise habits in our community. However, health problems can occur due to improperly applied exercises, which may be due to the lack of usage information about outdoor fitness equipment. We considered that physiotherapist might play a preventative and supporting role in public health in regard to increasing awareness of healthy individuals toward correct exercise techniques.
Ülkemizde şehirleşmenin artmasıyla birlikte kentsel alanda yaşayan bireylerin rekreasyon ve spor gereksinimin karşılanması bakımından parklarda ve açık saha mekanlarında fitness ve spor faaliyetlerinin icra edilmesi amacıyla çeşitli spor araçları temin edilmeye başlanmıştır. Ancak spor aletlerinin doğru kullanımı insanların fiziksel sağlığı açısından büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bu araştırmanın amacı fizyoterapist ve spor hekimleri öncülüğünde park ve bahçelerde bulunan spor aletlerinin doğru kullanımı, bu aletlerin hangi yaş ve kilo aralığına kadar güvenilir olduğuna ilişkin bir rehber oluşturulması sağlanacaktır. Bu düşünceden hareketle konu kapsamında faaliyet gösteren 72 bireye yönelik sağlık algısı ölçeği anketi uygulanmıştır. SPSS 26 programı kullanılarak analiz edilen araştırmada; günlük yaşam içerisinde fiziksel hareketi yarısından fazlasının yaptığı, bireylerin %94,4’nün sağlıklarını korumak için önlem aldıkları, %83,3’ün daha iyi hissetmek için fiziksel olarak hareket ettikleri belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca bireylerin %72,2’sinin düzenli olarak egzersiz yaptıkları ve bireylerin %80,6’sının ise parklardaki egzersiz ekipmanlarında düzenli olarak egzersiz yaptıkları tespit edilmiştir. Yürütülen araştırma bulgularına göre sağlık algısı ölçeğinden elde edilen puan ortalamalarının kronik hastalık durumuna göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir şekilde farklılaştığı görülmektedir. Kronik hastalığı olan bireylerde sağlık algısının daha yüksek olduğu ve kronik hastalık türlerine göre ise istatistiksel olarak sağlık algısının en yüksek lyme hastalığı olan bireylerde görüldüğü gözlenmiştir. Daha net ve geçerli bilgilerin sağlanabilmesi maksadıyla daha geniş bir örneklem dahilinde araştırmaların yürütülmesi önerilmektedir.
Sports and exercise park areas organized by public administrators in cities provide the environment and opportunities for citizens to be able to feed physically and spiritually from the environment they live in, and to produce material and moral values that can contribute to the development of this environment. Exercise parks, which are among the services of social municipality and established in open areas in order to increase the living standard of the society through sports, have been one of the most used fields for physical activity. From the perspective of smart urbanization and social municipality, it is clear that sports services and parking areas offered by public authorities should be designed in a way that takes into account new approaches such as sharing economy, effective and efficient, based on data and through information management systems. From this point of view, the aim of this study is to draw attention to the fact that outdoor exercise parks should be designed based on the needs and requirements of the users. The sub-objectives of the research are to examine the usage habits and profiles of individuals who use the open area exercise parks built by the Metropolitan Municipality in Beykoz and Maltepe districts on the Anatolian side of Istanbul, to evaluate them in terms of sports management and make suggestions for improvement. For the quantitative data collection part of the research, a questionnaire was applied to 500 citizens from different exercise parks in two districts with the convenience sampling method. According to the findings, it was observed that the user profiles of the exercise parks on the Anatolian side of Istanbul differed significantly between the districts in terms of usage habits and socioeconomic status, therefore it is suggested that the social municipality services and smart city applications to be offered should be diversified in accordance with the citizen profile and preferences. At the same time, it has been determined that warming up before using the exercise equipment is important for a healthy physical activity in the parks. ____________________________________________________________________________________ Fenerbahçe Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 2021; 1(2): 75-92 76 AKTİF ŞEHİRLER BAĞLAMINDA AKILLI KENTSEL DÖNÜŞÜM: İSTANBUL'UN FARKLI İLÇELERİNDEKİ AÇIK ALAN EGZERSİZ PARKLARININ SOSYAL BELEDİYECİLİK AÇISINDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ ÖZET Şehirlerde kamu yöneticileri tarafından düzenlenen spor, egzersiz, oyun ve park alanları, bedenen ve ruhen vatandaşların yaşadıkları çevreden beslenebilmeleri ve aynı şekilde bu çevrenin gelişmesine katkıda bulunabilecekleri maddi ve manevi değerler üretebilmelerinin ortamını ve imkânlarını sunmaktadır. Sosyal belediyeciliğin hizmetleri arasında yer alan ve toplumun yaşam standardını spor yoluyla yükseltmek adına açık alanlara kurulan egzersiz parkları, fiziksel aktivite yapmak için en çok kullanılan sahalardan biri olmuştur. Akıllı kentleşme ve sosyal belediyecilik perspektifinden, kamu yetkilileri tarafından sunulan spor hizmetlerinin ve park alanlarının, veriye dayalı olarak ve bilgi yönetim sistemleri aracılığı ile etkin ve verimli, paylaşım ekonomisi gibi yeni yaklaşımları dikkate alacak bir şekilde tasarlanması gerektiği günümüzde ortadadır. Bu noktadan hareketle bu çalışmanın amacı, açık alan egzersiz parklarının kullanıcıların ihtiyaç ve gereksinimlerinden yola çıkılarak tasarlanması gerektiğine dikkatleri çekmektir. Araştırmanın alt hedefleri, İstanbul Anadolu yakasında bulunan Beykoz ve Maltepe ilçelerinde Büyükşehir Belediyesi tarafından yapılan açık alan egzersiz parklarını kullanan bireylerin kullanım alışkanlıklarını ve profillerini inceleyerek, spor yönetimi açısından değerlendirip iyileştirmesi için önerilerde bulunmaktır. Araştırmanın nicel veri toplama kısmı için kolayda örneklem yöntemiyle, iki ilçede bulunan farklı egzersiz parklarından 500 vatandaşa anket uygulanmıştır. Bulgulara göre, İstanbul Anadolu yakasındaki egzersiz parkı kullanıcı profillerinin ilçeler arasında kullanım alışkanlıkları, sosyo-ekonomik durum ve çevresel faktörler açısından anlamlı şekilde farklılaştığı görülmüştür, bu nedenle sunulacak sosyal belediyecilik hizmetlerinin ve akıllı şehir uygulamalarının da vatandaş profiline ve tercihlerine uygun biçimde çeşitlendirilmesi gerektiği önerilmektedir. Aynı zamanda egzersiz ekipmanlarını kullanmadan önce ısınma hareketlerinin yapılmasının ve yönlendirmelerin bulunmasının, parklarda sağlıklı bir fiziksel aktivite için önemli olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Anahtar Kelimeler: yerel yönetim, aktif yaşam, rekreasyon parkları, fiziksel aktivite, egzersiz
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1995. Vita. Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 230-251).
Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) suffer from accelerated coronary artery disease. We assessed the effects of a multifactorial intervention with focus on exercise training on coronary endothelial function, vascular structure, and inflammation in serum and skeletal muscle biopsies, including mRNA expression of diabetes candidate genes.
Twenty-three patients were randomized to either 4 weeks in-hospital exercise training (6 x 15 min bicycle/day, 5 days/week) and a hypocaloric diet, followed by a 5 months ambulatory program (30 min ergometer/day, 5 days/week, plus 1 h group exercise/week), or a control group. At the beginning of the study, at 4 weeks, and after 6 months changes in diameter of coronary arteries in response to acetylcholine and mean peak flow velocity were invasively measured; intramural plaques were assessed by intravascular ultrasound. Six months of intervention led to significant improvement of coronary endothelial function, whereas intramural plaque burden remained unchanged. After 4 weeks, endothelial function remained unchanged, however, lowest values for fasting glucose, HbA1c, high-sensitive C-reactive protein, total and LDL-cholesterol, and highest values for mRNA expression in skeletal muscle of p22, gp91, haem oxygenase 1, peroxisome proliferator activator receptor (PPAR) alpha and gamma were observed. There was a continuous increase for AdipoR1, AdipoR2, Glut4, interleukin-6, endothelial nitric oxide synthase, and PPARgamma-coactivator-1alpha mRNA expression in skeletal muscle.
This is the first study to demonstrate improvement in coronary endothelial function by a multifactorial intervention which focused on exercise training in patients with T2DM. This coincided with improved markers of hyperglycaemia, insulin sensitivity, and inflammation both in serum and skeletal muscle biopsies.
The goal of this study was to assess the associations of physical activity time and television (TV) time with risk of "undiagnosed" abnormal glucose metabolism in Australian adults.
This population-based cross-sectional study using a stratified cluster design involving 42 randomly selected Census Collector Districts across Australia included 8,299 adults aged 25 years or older who were free from new type 2 diabetes and self-reported ischemic disease and did not take lipid-lowering or antihypertensive drugs. Abnormal glucose metabolism (impaired fasting glycemia [IFG], impaired glucose tolerance [IGT], or new type 2 diabetes) was based on an oral glucose tolerance test. Self-reported physical activity time and TV time (previous week) were assessed using interviewer-administered questionnaires.
After adjustment for known confounders and TV time, the odds ratio (OR) of having abnormal glucose metabolism was 0.62 (95% CI 0.41-0.96) in men and 0.71 (0.50-1.00) in women for those engaged in physical activity >or=2.5 h/week compared with those who were sedentary (0 h/week). The ORs of having abnormal glucose metabolism were 1.16 (0.79-1.70) in men and 1.49 (1.12-1.99) in women who watched TV >14 h/week compared with those who watched <or=7.0 h/week. Higher TV viewing (>14 h/week) was also associated with an increased risk of new type 2 diabetes in men and women and IGT in women compared with those watching <14 h/week. Total physical activity of >or=2.5 h/week was associated with a reduced risk of IFG, IGT, and new type 2 diabetes in both sexes; however, only the association with IGT in women was statistically significant.
These findings suggest a protective effect of physical activity and a deleterious effect of TV time on the risk of abnormal glucose metabolism in adults. Population strategies to reduce risk of abnormal glucose metabolism should focus on reducing sedentary behaviors such as TV time, as well as increasing physical activity.
Osteoporosis causes an increase in bone fragility. Its clinical significance mainly refers to (hip) fractures secondary to (low or moderate) trauma. In Europe and North America about 6% of men and 21% of women aged 50-84 years are classified to have osteoporosis. Although it is well accepted that exercise is essential for the management of osteoporosis, the exact role of physical activity in the primary and secondary prevention of osteoporotic fractures is still controversial.
The MEDLINE database and reference lists of selected publications were systematically searched for randomized controlled trials and prospective cohort studies, respectively, published since January 2000 regarding the association of physical activity and osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.
Two prospective cohort studies indicate the clinical relevance of this association by showing an inverse relationship between physical activity and the risk of hip fracture. There is convincing evidence that physical activity effectively slows bone loss in postmenopausal women in a dose-dependent manner. Exercise programs may increase bone mineral density.
In order to maximize the goals of public health most effective, individually adapted, intense, high impact exercise programs are needed. However, they may be complicated to communicate and adherence on the population level may be hard to achieve. These programs must be weighed against popular and applicable existing programs (e.g. aerobic classes, Tai Chi, and walking) which appear to be easier to adhere to but appear to be less effective in the prevention of osteoporotic fractures in the individual postmenopausal women.
Demographic and temporal patterns in the social and physical environments of sports and exercise in the American Time Use Survey (years 2003-2006) are described.
The sample consisted of adult respondents (ages 21+) reporting at least one bout of sports or exercise (N=8844). During the interview, participants reported where (e.g., outdoors, home, work) and with whom (e.g., alone, family, coworkers) each bout occurred. Sample-weighted multinomial logistic regression analyses estimated the adjusted proportion of bouts occurring in each environment by gender, age, education, race/ethnicity, season, weekend/weekday, and time of day.
Among members of the oldest age group (ages 60+), more exercise bouts occurred alone and outdoors compared to younger age groups. Among college graduates, more exercise bouts occurred at a gym/health club compared to groups with lower levels of education. Exercise bouts occurring alone were most likely to happen in the winter, on weekdays, and in the morning. Exercise bouts occurring outdoors were most likely to happen in the summer, on weekend days, and in the morning.
Future research and intervention efforts exploring where, when and with whom exercise bouts occur may prove beneficial to addressing public health concerns about physical inactivity.
To determine the effectiveness of exercise as an intervention in the management of depression.
Systematic review and meta-regression analysis of randomised controlled trials obtained from five electronic databases (Medline, Embase, Sports Discus, PsycLIT, Cochrane Library) and through contact with experts in the field, bibliographic searches, and hand searches of recent copies of relevant journals.
Standardised mean difference in effect size and weighted mean difference in Beck depression inventory score between exercise and no treatment and between exercise and cognitive therapy.
All of the 14 studies analysed had important methodological weaknesses; randomisation was adequately concealed in only three studies, intention to treat analysis was undertaken in only two, and assessment of outcome was blinded in only one. The participants in most studies were community volunteers, and diagnosis was determined by their score on the Beck depression inventory. When compared with no treatment, exercise reduced symptoms of depression (standardised mean difference in effect size -1.1 (95% confidence interval -1.5 to -0.6); weighted mean difference in Beck depression inventory -7.3 (-10.0 to -4.6)). The effect size was significantly greater in those trials with shorter follow up and in two trials reported only as conference abstracts. The effect of exercise was similar to that of cognitive therapy (standardised mean difference -0.3 (95% confidence interval -0.7 to 0.1)).
The effectiveness of exercise in reducing symptoms of depression cannot be determined because of a lack of good quality research on clinical populations with adequate follow up.
Public health recommendations emphasize regular participation in moderate intensity physical activity (at least 5 days per week, 30 minutes or more per day), including domestic activities (e.g., heavy housework). The contribution of domestic activities in improving cardiovascular disease risk remains unclear. This cross-sectional study aimed at determining the independent associations of domestic activity and other activity types with multiple cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors (resting pulse rate, obesity, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, blood pressure, C-reactive protein).
The sample comprised of 14,836 adults (ages 16 years and over) living in households in England in 2003. Interviews assessed participation in at least moderate intensity physical activity (domestic activity, walking, and sports), and nurses measured blood pressure and took blood samples. Analyses were done in 2006.
A total of 24.2% of men and 19.8% of women met the activity recommendations, dropping to a total of 17.6% and 13.0% when domestic activity was excluded. With the exception of systolic blood pressure in women, domestic activity was not related to a favorable profile of any other CVD risk factors. There was a trend for lower body mass index and waist circumference and higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol with increased participation in walking. Sports participation was related to a favorable profile for all risk factors excluding systolic blood pressure in men and cholesterol and C-reactive protein in women. The odds of being obese (body mass index more than 30 kg/m(2)) were lower with increased participation in walking and sports.
Despite its high prevalence, domestic physical activity was not associated with improvements in CVD risk factors. These results suggest that physical activity recommendations may need to focus on physical activities other than those performed in and around the household.
This study reviewed previous studies to explore the effect of season, and consequently weather, on levels of physical activity.
Thirty-seven primary studies (published 1980-2006) representing a total of 291883 participants (140482 male and 152085 female) from eight different countries are described, and the effect of season on moderate levels of physical activity is considered.
Upon review of the evidence, it appears that levels of physical activity vary with seasonality, and the ensuing effect of poor or extreme weather has been identified as a barrier to participation in physical activity among various populations. Therefore, previous studies that did not recognize the effect of weather and season on physical activity may, in fact, be poor representations of this behaviour.
Future physical activity interventions should consider how weather promotes or hinders such behaviour. Providing indoor opportunities during the cold and wet months may foster regular physical activity behaviours year round.
To investigate relationships between physical activities in different domains (leisure time, occupational, domestic, commuting) and health indicators (self-rated health, body mass index).
The short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and additional questions on domain specific physical activity were submitted face-to-face to 29,193 individual's age 15 years and older in the 27 member states of the Europe Union, 2 affiliated nations (Croatia, Turkey), and Cyprus North in 2005 as part of Eurobarometer 64.3.
Leisure time physical activity (compared to no leisure time physical activity) was positively associated with self-rated health (males: Odds Ratio (OR)=2.85, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 2.27, 3.58; females: OR=2.77, 95% C.I. 2.16, 3.56) and inversely with obesity (males: OR=0.65, 95% C.I. 0.50, 0.83; females: OR=0.46, 95% C.I. 0.34, 0.63). Being in the highest quartile of the total volume of physical activity expressed using metabolic equivalents (in MET-min/week) (compared to being in the lowest quartile) was not related to self-rated health (males: OR=0.99, 95% C.I. 0.81, 1.21; females: OR=1.19, 95% C.I 0.98, 1.43) or obesity (males: OR=1.25, 95% C.I., 0.99, 1.59; females: OR=1.26, 95% C.I. 1.02, 1.57). Gender-specific effects were observed for other domains of physical activity. Analysis on national levels showed pronounced relationships of leisure time physical activity to health indicators.
Domains of physical activity being related to health indicators, they may pertain to surveillance.
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