Content uploaded by Márton Veress
Author content
All content in this area was uploaded by Márton Veress on Jul 17, 2015
Content may be subject to copyright.
The development of hum slopes due to karren formation
... The side slopes of karst hills are less steep. Thus, the inclination of some karst hills is 15°-40° (Veress and Péntek, 2010). The slopes of karst hills are only partly exempt from vegetation. ...
... On Mediterranean karst, hogbacks often develop (Veress and Péntek, 2010) which are formed by dissolution along bedding planes. They develop if the beds enclose a large angle with the surface (Fig. 21). ...
The karren formation and karren features of bare slopes is studied. The occurrence of various karren features was
measured on slopes with different inclination. The occurrence of various karren features on slopes has been
presented according to slope inclination values. The slopes were put into slope categories and their karren
features were given. Thus, the karren formation of the bare slopes of various karst types and karst features
(glaciokarst, coastal karst, tropical karst, mediterranean karst, collapse dolines, gorges, caves etc.) can be described.
It can be stated that on limestone with the increase of the inclination of the bearing slope, the diversity
of karren features decreases and those of flow origin will be increasingly dominant. However, with the increase
of slope inclination, features of flow origin will be increasingly simpler. On limestone, on slopes with a smaller
dip and on slopes of less soluble rocks, the distribution of karren features of seepage origin increases. On glaciokarst,
where bare slopes are widespread and of various inclination, karren are diverse and the distribution of
various types is also considerable. In other karst areas, small-inclined slopes (coastal karst, tropical karst) or very
large-inclined slopes (tropical karst, collapse dolines) are predominant and thus, the distribution of some karren
features (e.g. rinnenkarren) is limited. The change of slope inclination may result in the change of karren formation.
On glaciokarst, bare and subsoil karren formation are separated from each other, on mediterranean and
tropical karst, they are less separated from each other and the latter prepares the former. On halite, the effect of
slope inclination on karren formation may be modified by intensive dissolution. The karren formations of halite
and tropical karst are partly similar which can be explained by intensive dissolution in both cases.
... On mediterranean karsts, karst hill morphology can develop in great extension (e.g. in SW part of Croatia , in the coastal zone as well as in the area of Bosnia and Macedonia ). Karst hills occur in poljes and are widespread in large poljes and between dolines ( Veress and Péntek 2010 ), in uvalas generated from the merging of dolines and in uvala systems (Fig. 4.86 ). Polje covered karst and karst hill covered karst often appear in conjunction (Fig. 4.86a ). ...
Covered karsts are classified according to the character of the cover (cryptokarst if the cover is impermeable and concealed karst if it is permeable), to the origin of cover deposits (locally deposited or transported there) and to the age of karstification (syngenetic if the depression in the cover and the form in the bedrock are of the same age and postgenetic if not). Covered karsts may develop in structural landforms (synclines, tectonic graben, horsts of various elevations) and in depressions formed by the powers shaping the surface, which could be of karstic origin (doline, ponor, polje, fengcong depressions and intermountain plains of fenglin karst) or of non-karstic origin (valley, abrasional platform and river terrace). The appearance and pattern of covered karst depend on the type of karst. When characterising pattern geosyncline or glaciokarst (folded-nappe structure), block mountains, platform, salt diapir, tundra, taiga, temperate, mediterranean and tropical covered karsts are distinguished. The geosyncline (glaciokarst) and block mountains karst types mainly occur under temperate climate, while the platform and salt diapir may appear on any climatic karst type. According to pattern, covered karst developed from allogenic karst (which can be recent allogenic, rejuvenating allogenic or semi-allogenic), nappe allogenic, horst, cirque, glacial trough, polje, karst hill, cueasta, tropical depression, polygonal, intermountain plain, petrified forest, platform and salt diapir covered karsts are identified. On the recent allogenic karst, in slope direction from the bordering non-karstic surface, cryptokarst, mixed and open karst zones are found. On the rejuvenating allogenic karst, in slope direction from the former terrain of sediment supply, open, mixed and buried karst zones follow each other. On the semi-allogenic karst, in lack of the accumulation of fluvial deposits, the cover sediment does not derive from the non-karstic terrain bordering the karst and is of continuous distribution. On the nappe allogenic karst, buried karst, cryptokarst (with karst windows), concealed karst and open karst zones occur. On horst covered karst, on the neighbouring blocks, concealed, crypto and buried karst terrains alternate (in patches or in continuous distribution). On the glacial trough covered karst, striped or striped-patchy patterns are typical. On the polje karst, continuous or zonal (so-called internal zonal) covered karst develops. On the karst hill covered karst, the patches of covered karst may coalesce, while on cueasta covered karst, the patches of covered karst are arranged in stripes parallel to the cuestas. The tropical depression covered karst and the polygonal covered karst show patchy distribution, while the intermountain plain covered karst is continuous, but can show internal zonation with crypto and concealed karst zones. No or poor zonation can be identified on the platform karst. The covered karst of salt diapir shows patches and develops on the cover uplifted by the rising salt diapir.
The chapter presents the characteristics of karst, karst hydrology, mor‑phology and typology. In the hydrological overview, karst water zones are identified and described; surface karst features (karren, dolines, poljes, etc.) are defined broken down to their main varieties with their brief characterisation. The main genetic types of caves are presented. Karst types are identified according to their geological conditions (such as covering, structure), and then the types by hydrology and cover are described. In the classification by climatic environment, tundra, temperate, mediterranean, tropical and high-mountain (glacio)karst are identified and described.
ResearchGate has not been able to resolve any references for this publication.