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Three new species of Campylocentrum (Vandeae, Orchidaceae) from Brazil
Abstract
Campylocentrum comprises about 70 species, half of which are cited from Brazil. In recent studies for the taxonomical review of the genus, three new species belonging to C. sect. Campylocentrum were found and are here described. Two of these species are from the Atlantic Forest, C. itatiaiae and C. schlechterianum, and one from Cerrado vegetation, C. carvalhoi. We provide illustrations, distribution map and a discussion about their affinities with allied species.
... & Endl., Octomeria R.Br., Pelexia Poit. ex Lindl., Pleurothallopsis Porto & Brade, and Stelis Sw.), including endemic species (e.g., Pessoa & Alves 2015;Barberena & Gonzaga 2016), whose type specimens are deposited in herbarium RB. ...
Orchidaceae is a megadiverse botanical family in Brazil, particularly in the Atlantic Forest where it is a priority group for conservation. Parque Nacional do Itatiaia (PARNA Itatiaia) was the first conservation unit established in Brazil, and represents a large and mature remnant of Atlantic Forest. Updated data on richness, distribution and conservation of the Neotropical and ornamental subtribe Laeliinae in the park recently disclosed the occurrence of presumed locally extinct species, but without a taxonomic approach. Thus, we present a comprehensive taxonomic treatment of Laeliinae in the PARNA Itatiaia. The subtribe is represented by six genera and 33 species, which corresponds to about 15% of the orchid flora of PARNA Itatiaia. Epidendrum is the richest genus, with 20 species, followed by Cattleya (6 spp.) and Prosthechea (4 spp.). Species of Laeliinae grow in shady and humid habitats, especially near rivers, at elevations ranging 750-1,200 m, with species richness decreasing with elevation. Several species form small populations (commonly < 10 individuals), which are in need of prompt conservation actions to avoid local extinction. Samples of Laeliinae from PARNA Itatiaia in collections of consulted herbaria were found to be scarce. Variable morphological characteristics, mainly of the lip, distinguishe species of Laeliinae.
... Accordingly, another 1,352 species of vascular plants were recorded by the extra floristic survey, with an average of 26 fertile plants per sample plot. In addition, two new species have been described so far (Silva and Costa, 2011;Pessoa and Alves, 2015). ...
A key issue in large-area inventories is defining a suitable sampling design and the effort required to obtain reliable estimates of species richness and forest attributes, especially in species-diverse forests. To address this issue, data from 418 systematically distributed 0.4 ha plots were collected. Estimators of nonparametric species richness were employed to assess the floristic representativeness of data collected in three forest types in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. The sampling sufficiency of forest attributes was evaluated as a function of sample size. Altogether, 831 tree/shrub species were recorded. The data acquired through the systematic sampling design were representative of both species richness and basal area. The confidence intervals' length would not substantially decrease by using more than 70 % of the reference sample (n = 364), thereby reaching a length of ~5 % of the sample mean. Nevertheless, reliable estimates of species richness for diverse forests demand a thorough sampling approach far more exacting so as to achieve acceptable population estimates of forest attributes. Though the study area is regarded as a biodiversity hotspot, the forest stands showed diminished species richness, basal area, stem volume and biomass when compared to old-growth stands. As regards species richness, the data provided evidence of contrasting great γ-diversity (at the forest type level) and small α-diversity (at the forest stand level). Amongst anthropic impacts, illegal logging and extensive cattle grazing within stands are undoubtedly key factors that threaten forest conservation in the study area.
Here we review the taxonomy of the species included in Campylocentrum sect. Laevigatum, which are characterized by smooth roots,
conduplicate leaves, and unribbed capsules. Fourteen species are recognized; eleven of them are endemic to Brazil, two occur in Argentina, Brazil,
Paraguay, and Uruguay, and one (C. jamaicense) is endemic to the Antilles. According to the IUCN criteria, Campylocentrum brevifolium and C.
pauloense are classified as Critically Endangered and Vulnerable, respectively. We provide typifications for 10 names, complete synonymies,
conservation statuses, descriptions, and an identification key to the species.
Subtribe Angraecinae (Orchidaceae: Vandeae) are mainly distributed in Africa, but with two genera, Campylocentrum and Dendrophylax, restricted to the Neotropics. As a widespread Neotropical genus, Campylocentrum constitutes an appropriate model for revealing biogeographical patterns in this area and investigating routes of colonization and dispersal. In this study, we reconstructed phylogenetic relationships of the genus with Bayesian inference and maximum parsimony analyses of combined nuclear (ITS rDNA and Xdh) and plastid (matK exon, rpl32-trnL spacer, trnL intron, trnL-trnF spacer and ycf1 exon) DNA datasets, aimed at establishing a new infrageneric classification for this taxonomically complex genus. Based on the most comprehensive phylogenetic tree, we investigated the biogeograph-ical history of Campylocentrum by estimating divergence times, inferred using fossil and secondary calibrations applying a relaxed-clock model approach, and reconstructing ancestral areas of distribution under a time-stratified likelihood model. The phylogenetic analyses provided strong support for the majority of the clades. Campylocentrum is monophyletic, and we recognize five sections based upon strongly supported clades. We conclude that the African angraecoid ancestor of Campylocentrum and Dendrophylax dispersed to the Antilles. Campylocentrum is estimated to be a relatively young genus (late Miocene, c. 8.2 Mya) and its most recent common ancestor had a disjunct distribution in the Antilles and Parana dominion. During the Pliocene, the five sections diverged and expanded their distributions in the Neotropics, and in the Pleistocene diversification was experienced by some of the terminal clades. We hypothesize that the evolutionary history of Campylocentrum was strongly influenced by orogenic events during the Pliocene and climatic fluctuations during the Pleistocene.
The taxonomic study of the tribes Bertolonieae and Merianieae (Melastomataceae) in the Itatiaia National Park is presented. This conservation unit is located between Rio de Janeiro and Minas Gerais states, where one species of each Bertolonia, Behuria, Huberia and Meriania were found. Identification keys of all the Melastomataceae genera found within this area and for those species studied in detail are presented, accompanied by descriptions, illustrations, geographical distribution data and comments about morphological characteristics and habitat notes. © Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botanico do Rio de Janeiro. All rights reserved.
RESUMO O Parque Nacional do Itatiaia tem sido objeto de estudo mesmo antes de ser designado como parque em junho de 1937. Localizado em terras fluminenses e mineiras, protege atualmente cerca de 30.000 hectares de patrimônio biótico e geomorfológico da Serra da Mantiqueira. A pesquisa teve como objetivo conhecer e descrever os táxons de Peperomia ocorrentes na região, averiguando suas preferências ambientais, além de ampliar o conhecimento sobre espécies raras e endêmicas e gerar subsídios para o conhecimento da flora do estado. Peperomia, o segundo maior gênero das Piperaceae, apresenta cerca de 1.500 espécies, das quais aproximadamente 200 ocorrem no Brasil, habitando preferencialmente locais úmidos e sombreados. O levantamento realizado levou ao reconhecimento de 34 taxa, dos quais seis constituíram novas ocorrências para a região. Estes táxons, que ocorrem no interior da floresta e nos campos de altitude, são encontrados em gradientes altitudinais de 600 a 2.700 m, como epífitos, saxícolos ou terrestres e são diferenciados principalmente pela filotaxia, forma, tamanho e nervação foliares, pilosidade, comprimento do pecíolo e pedúnculo e forma dos frutos.
RESUMO Realizou-se o estudo morfológico e taxonômico dos táxons de Myrceugenia O. Berg (Myrtaceae) do Parque Nacional do Itatiaia e avaliou-se a utilização dos caracteres vegetativos e elementos florais como informação diagnóstica. O estudo consta de descrições, chave analítica, observações de campo efetuadas durante as coletas e levantamento de herbários. Foram assinalados para a area oito táxons: Myrceugenia alpigena (DC.) Landrum var. alpigena; M bracteosa (DC.) D. Legrand & Kausel; M campestris (DC.) D. Legrand & Kausel; M cucullata D. Legrand; M glaucescens var. latior Burret (Landrum); M miersiana (Gardner) D. Legrand & Kausel, M ovata var. regnelliana (O. Berg) Landrum e M seriatoramosa (Kiaersk.) D. Legrand & Kausel. Os caracteres diagnósticos considerados para os táxons foram forma da inflorescência, do botão floral, dos prófilos e lobos calicinais bem como presença e ausência de nervura intramarginal. Os caracteres vegetativos por si só não constituíram elementos suficientemente diagnósticos para os táxons ocorrentes na área. Foram registradas duas novas ocorrências para o estado do Rio de Janeiro: M campestris e M cucullata.
RESUMO O Parque Nacional do Itatiaia, com ca. 30.000 ha, está localizado na Serra da Mantiqueira, no Rio de Janeiro e em Minas Gerais (22º19' e 22º45'S; 44º15' e 44º50'W). O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar o tratamento taxonômico de 29 espécies de Leguminosae, subfamílias Caesapinioideae e Mimosoideae, presentes na formação florestal do PARNA. A metodologia abrangeu pesquisas bibliográficas, excursões e consultas a herbários. São tratados oito gêneros e 15 espécies de Caesalpinioideae e sete gêneros e 14 espécies de Mimosoideae. Apresentada-se uma chave para identificação bem como descrições, ilustrações e informações sobre fenologia, distribuição geográfica e habitat das espécies.
RESUMO O PARNA Itatiaia, com 28.155,97ha, localiza-se na Serra da Mantiqueira (22º15’e 22º30’S; 44º30’e 44º45’W) no sudeste do Brasil. Leguminosae é uma das famílias com maior riqueza de espécies na composição e estrutura florestal. O principal objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar os padrões de distribuição geográfica de 48 táxons de Leguminosae presentes na formação florestal do PARNA. A metodologia abrangeu pesquisas bibliográficas, excursões e consultas a herbários. Foram reconhecidos os seguintes padrões de distribuição: Neotropical (9 spp.), América do Sul ocidental-centro-oriental (5 spp.), Brasil centro-oriental (10 spp.), Brasil atlântico nordeste-sudeste-sul (9 spp.), Brasil atlântico sudeste-sul (5 spp.) e Brasil atlântico sudeste (10 spp.). Os táxons, quanto à preferência de hábitat, foram tratados também como elementos florísticos generalistas (56%) e como especialistas do Domínio Atlântico (44%). No domínio atlântico as espécies predominam nas floresta ombrófila densa e floresta estacional semidecidual, ocorrendo também nas restingas e na floresta de araucária.
3 Doutoranda do JBRJ; Bolsista CAPES. berechiavegatto@jbrj.gov.br RESUMO (Melastomataceae no Parque Nacional do Itatiaia, Sudeste do Brasil: tribos Bertolonieae e Merianieae) Realizou-se o estudo taxonômico de Melastomataceae, tribos Bertolonieae e Merianieae, no Parque Nacional do Itatiaia, situado entre os limites dos estados do Rio de Janeiro e Minas Gerais. Identificaram-se quatro espécies pertencentes a quatro gêneros – Bertolonia, Behuria, Huberia e Meriania. São apresentadas chaves analíticas para identificação de todos os gêneros ocorrentes no Parque e das espécies estudadas, bem como descrições, ilustrações, dados de distribuição geográfica e comentários sobre características morfológicas e particularidades do ambiente. Palavras-chave: campos de altitude, flora, Mata Atlântica, taxonomia, Unidade de Conservação, florística. ABSTRACT (Melastomataceae in the Itatiaia National Park, Southeastern Brazil: tribes Bertolonieae e Merianieae) The taxonomic study of the tribes Bertolonieae and Merianieae (Melastomataceae) in the Itatiaia National Park is presented. This conservation unit is located between Rio de Janeiro and Minas Gerais states, where one species of each Bertolonia, Behuria, Huberia and Meriania were found. Identification keys of all the Melastomataceae genera found within this area and for those species studied in detail are presented, accompanied by descriptions, illustrations, geographical distribution data and comments about morphological characteristics and habitat notes.
Flora of the Itatiaia National Park - Brazil: Manekia and Piper (Piperaceae)) The Itatiaia National Park was the first conservation unit created in Brazil. Currently, it protects about 28,155 ha of remaining Atlantic forest in the Mantiqueira mountain range. This study continues the flora of Piperaceae of the National Park of Itatiaia by presenting the treatment of the genera Piper and Manekia. Manekia obtusa is the only species of the genus in the area and is also a new occurrence. Piper is represented by 28 species in the studt area; seven of them are new occurrences. A new variety, P. permucronatum var. cilliatum D. Monteiro & E.F. Guim., and a new name, P. strictifolium D. Monteiro & E.F. Guim. (Ottonia angustifolia Rizzini), are proposed. An identification key, descriptions and comments for taxa, besides illustrations of those poorly known or that are reported for the first time in the region, are provided.
Phylogenetic relationships of leafless Neotropical Angraecinae (Dendrophylax Rchb. f., Harrisella Fawc. & Rendle, Polyradicion Garay, and Campylocentrum Benth.) were estimated using combined nuclear (ITS nrDNA) and plastid (matK and trnL-F) data sets with African angraecoid taxa as outgroups. Results indicate that Harrisella, Polyradicion, and Campylocentrum filiforme (Sw.) Cogn. are embedded within Dendrophylax and should be included in Dendrophylax. This contrasts with earlier generic concepts, which have been based mainly on gross differences in floral size and various morphological autapomorphies. Based on our current sampling, Campylocentrum includes both leafy and leafless species and is sister to a broadly defined Dendrophylax.
The Itatiaia National Park, with an area of c. 30.000 ha, is located in the Serra da Mantiqueira Range (22º19' e 22º45'S; 44º15' e 44º50'W) in the states of Rio de Janeiro and Minas Gerais. The present work is a taxonomic treatment of 29 species of Leguminosae, subfamilies Caesalpinioideae and Mimosoideae, present in the forests of the National Park. The methodology included a literature survey, field trips and study of herbarium material. Eight genera and 15 species of Caesalpinioideae and seven genera and 14 species of Mimosoideae were recorded. A key to the species, descriptions, and illustrations are presented, and information about the phenology, geographical distribution and habitats is also included. © 2007 Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botanico do Rio de Janeiro.All right reserved.
A new species of Campylocentrum with reduced stems, small conduplicate leaves and long inflorescences is described from submontane Atlantic forest of Pernambuco state, northeastern Brazil. It is related to C. hirtellum, but differs by having a pedicellate ovary and base of the perianth both slightly papillate, smaller sepals, mid-lobe of the lip less than three times longer than the lateral lobes, lip 5-nerved, spur slightly longer than the pedicellate ovary and a glabrous capsule. It is illustrated and its affinities with allied species are also discussed.
Abstract—
Campylocentrum insulare is a new species of Campylocentrum section Dendrophyllopsis from Santa Catarina, southern Brazil, a group of species characterised by the aphyllous condition. It is the smallest species known from this subtribe
in the Neotropics, and is morphologically related to species of the Campylocentrum fasciola complex. It differs by its small size, an inflorescence and ovary that are minutely pubescent, a lip that is distinctly three-lobed, and a conic spur. A distribution map, illustrations, and an
identification key that includes species of this genus from southern Brazil are provided.
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