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The Incremental Validity of the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (TEIQue): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Journal of Personality Assessment
Abstract
A criticism leveled against the conceptualization of emotional intelligence (EI) as a personality trait is that it overlaps considerably with the higher order personality dimensions and, therefore, has weak utility. To investigate this criticism, a systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to synthesize the literature examining the incremental validity of the 2 adult self-report forms of the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (TEIQue). Twenty-four articles reporting 114 incremental validity analyses of the TEIQue were reviewed according to the studies' methodological features. Additionally, data from 18 studies (providing 105 effect sizes) were pooled in a meta-analysis. Results suggest that the TEIQue consistently explains incremental variance in criteria pertaining to different areas of functioning, beyond higher order personality dimensions and other emotion-related variables. The pooled effect size was relatively small, but statistically and practically significant (ΔR(2) = .06, SE = .0116; 95% CI [.03, .08]). The number of covariates controlled for, the form of the TEIQue, and the focus on higher order personality dimensions versus other individual-difference constructs as baseline predictors did not affect the effect size. Analyses conducted at the factor level indicated that the incremental contribution is mainly due to the well-being and self-control factors of trait EI. Methodological issues and directions for future research are discussed.
... Petrides et al., 2010;Vernon et al., 2008). Trait EI also has incremental validity in predicting numerous psychological and demographic variables and outcomes over and above higher-order personality measures such as the Big Five, which confirms its theoretical and practical utility as an independent personality-based construct (Andrei et al., 2016). Of particular relevance here, a stream of publications has uncovered important Trait EI effects in relation to health, healthcare use, and healthcare leadership specifically. ...
... Baudry et al. (2018) conducted a systematic literature review, concluding that Trait EI is a strong positive predictor of well-being and mental health. Similar conclusions had been previously drawn in relevant meta-analyses by Martins et al. (2010) and Andrei et al. (2016). In a longitudinal study of the transition from primary to secondary school, Trait EI was a negative ...
... Furthermore, in a study of adolescents, Mikolajczak et al. (2009) used probit regression analysis to estimate that the likelihood of self-harming is 75% if global Trait EI is below 2.47, but only 25% if global Trait EI is above 4.50 (TEIQue short form scores, ranging from minimum 1 to maximum 7). Trait EI is a strong negative predictor of psychopathology in adults too, including people with clinically diagnosed conditions, such as Asperger's syndrome (Andrei et al., 2014) and borderline personality disorder (Andrei et al., 2016). Higher Trait EI predicts significantly lower psychopathology in psychiatric outpatients (Petrides et al., 2017), in older adults facing stressful circumstances (Lea et al., 2019), and in athletes in competitive sports (Kopp and Jekauc, 2018;Kopp et al., 2021;Laborde et al., 2011). ...
... A study of twins confirmed this negative association between EI and neuroticism while revealing a pattern of positive relationships between Extraversion and Conscientiousness (Vernon et al., 2008). Studies have contrasted the distinction between the FFM and trait EI (Andrei et al., 2016;Petrides et al., 2007). Exploratory factor analysis showed that trait EI emerged as a separate factor from the FFM (Petrides et al., 2007). ...
... Exploratory factor analysis showed that trait EI emerged as a separate factor from the FFM (Petrides et al., 2007). Andrei et al. (2016) demonstrated the incremental validity of the TEIQue for an array of emotional and behavioral constructs after controlling for the FFM. Siegling et al. (2015) suggested trait EI may represent a higher-order personality construct not fully explained by the FFM. ...
... Siegling et al. (2015) suggested trait EI may represent a higher-order personality construct not fully explained by the FFM. Recent studies recognise the need to further explore the association of the FFM beyond global trait scores (Andrei et al., 2016). Previous research has applied the latent factor theory (e.g., Petrides, 2009), where structural covariation of data is explained by an array of latent variables (Costantini et al., 2015b). ...
... There is a vast literature on emotional intelligence and its relationship to work outcomes [37][38][39]. Although there is criticism and concern surrounding models of trait EQ, recent meta-analyses have indicated that trait EQ shows significant incremental predictive power over "bright personality" and cognitive ability, providing support that trait EQ represents a meaningful and distinct construct [40]. One taxonomy of trait EQ is the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (TEIQue) [41,42], comprised of four factors latent factors (from 15 facets) of EQ [43]. ...
... The TEIQue is a measure of trait-based emotional intelligence on a 153-item questionnaire, measuring 15 facets of emotional intelligence [40]. The TEIQue assesses 4 factors: wellbeing, self-control, emotionality and sociability, with two independent facets which are internally reliable (i.e., Adaptability and Self-Motivation [43]). ...
This study examined the relationship between cognitive ability (IQ) and emotional intelligence (EQ) in predicting a range of different performance metrics from a call centre environment. In all, 303 call centre staff completed multi-dimensional measures of both EQ and IQ. We also had recorded nine performance data measures for each individual over a 12-month period. There were a few significant correlations with IQ (4/35) and a few more with EQ (4/28), though all EQ measures were related to “Errors Made over the year”. The performance metric that had most correlates was Average Handling Time (AHT) relating to speed of working. The number of errors an employee made was significantly positively correlated with all four EQ factors. Correlational and Structural Equation Model (SEM) analysis highlighted the importance of analysing performance metrics as distinct variables, finding contradictory evidence in the sense that some individual difference factors correlated positively with some and negatively with other outcome measures. The results are discussed in relation to the theoretical implications for researchers interested in analysing call centre performance, and also practical implications for organisations with call centres.
... Based on a substantial dataset comprising 36,268 participants (142 separate data sources), two key findings emerged: substantial overlap was found between the GFP and trait EI (r ≈ 0.85); but only a comparatively weak relationship was found with ability EI (r ≈ 0.28). The former result supports the position taken by many theorists and researchers that the Trait EI construct can be hypothesized as a collection of emotional perceptions situated within the lower levels of personality hierarchies like the 3-factor and 5-factor basic personality models (Andrei, Siegling, Aloe, Baldaro, & Petrides, 2016;Pérez-González & Sanchez-Ruiz, 2014;Petrides, Pita, & Kokkinaki, 2007). As such, Trait EI measures tap into an individual's perception of their emotional skills and behaviour, providing a comprehensive understanding of the affective dimensions of personality (Pérez-González & Sanchez-Ruiz, 2014;Vernon, Villani, Schermer, & Petrides, 2008). ...
... As noted in the introduction, Trait EI assessment tools are expected to share considerable amounts of variance with higher-order dimensions of basic personality (Andrei et al., 2016;Pérez-González & Sanchez-Ruiz, 2014;Petrides et al., 2007). The MIPI-Short was found to correlate robustly with the Big Five personality dimensions, consistent with Trait EI's conceptualization of EI (and by extension PI) as belonging to the domain of personality (Pérez-González & Sanchez-Ruiz, 2014;Vernon et al., 2008). ...
... (3) emotionality (includes emotion perception and expression, relationship skills, and trait empathy, and refers to the individual ability to express emotions and connect with others); and (4) sociability (includes social awareness, emotion management, and assertiveness and refers to the individual ability to be assertive, manage others' emotions, and successfully participate in social situations) (Petrides, 2009). Although trait EI partially overlaps with the Big Five factors, studies showed that the TEIQue has incremental validity in predicting internalizing symptoms, health behaviors, and psychological well-being after controlling for the Big Five (Andrei, Siegling, et al., 2016;Chirumbolo et al., 2019). The TEIQue therefore allows to examine the specific role of emotional aspects on different domains of individual functioning and behavior, beyond higher-order personality traits. ...
... As stated before, research has been conducted on the role of personality traits on sexting behaviors, although evidence about the role of personality traits related to emotion management and diverse forms of sexting is still mixed (Barroso et al., 2023). Existing literature stressed that trait EI has incremental validity in predicting internalizing and externalizing behaviors after controlling for personality traits (Andrei, Siegling, et al., 2016;Chirumbolo et al., 2019). Specifically, focusing on trait EI would allow to examine the emotion-related aspects of personality that are thought to play a central role in sexting behaviors. ...
Introduction
Several studies investigated the relationship between personality traits and sexting behaviors using the Five Factors Model and the HEXACO six-factor personality model. To our knowledge, no study has investigated the relation between trait emotional intelligence and sexting. Therefore, the present study examined the associations between the four factors of trait emotional intelligence (i.e., well-being, self-control, emotionality, and sociability) and different forms of sexting (experimental sexting, non-consensual sexting, sexting under pressure, and risky sexting) in a sample of Italian adolescents.
Methods
A convenience group of 760 high school students aged 14 to 19 years (Mage = 16.76, SDage = 1.56; 52.6% females) completed an anonymous self-report questionnaire between January and June 2021, and data were analyzed through logistic regression analyses.
Results
The main results showed that (1) lower emotionality was related to higher involvement in non-consensual sexting, sexting under pressure, and risky sexting; (2) higher sociability was related to higher involvement in experimental, non-consensual, and risky sexting; (3) lower self-control was related to higher involvement in experimental sexting; and (4) well-being was unrelated to sexting.
Conclusions
This study expands knowledge about the relationships between personality and sexting, examining the role of specific dimensions of trait emotional intelligence and various forms of sexting.
Policy Implications
The study suggests that fostering the ability to express and understand emotions should be the focus of preventive interventions targeting adolescents to contrast aggravated and risky sexting.
... Црта емоционалне интелигенције предвиђа и додатни део варијансе, поврх Великих пет, у предикцији психолошке добробити (Jolić-Marjanović & Altaras-Dimitrijević, 2014), као и кортизолског одговора на стрес (Mikolajczak et al., 2007). Генерално, највеће снаге ефеката у проверама додатних доприноса црте емоционалне интелигенције имају фактори добробит и самоконтрола (Andrei et al., 2016). ...
... The trait EI explains an additional part of the variance, above the "Big Five", in the prediction of psychological well-being (Jolić-Marjanović & Altaras-Dimitrijević, 2014), as well as the cortisol response to stress (Mikolajczak et al., 2007). In general, Well-Being and Self-Control factors have the largest effect sizes in tests of additional contributions of the trait EI (Andrei et al., 2016). ...
According to previous studies, academic stress is related to both basic
personality traits and emotional intelligence (EI) as a trait which has
demonstrated its relevance in numerous research regarding stress and mental
health domains. The present study sought to examine the role of trait EI in
predicting academic-related stress, while controlling basic personality
traits. A sample (N=288) completed: 1) Perceptions of Academic Stress (PAS)
Scale, measuring intensity of academic-related stress, 2) HEXACO PI-R
comprising traits Honesty-Humility, Emotionality, Extraversion,
Agreeableness, Conscientiousness and Openness, and 3) the TEIQue, examining
trait EI (encompassing factors Well-Being, Self-control, Emotionality, and
Sociability). The subjects in this online research were students from the
University of Belgrade. Four hierarchical regression models comprising the
HEXACO traits (entered 1st) and trait EI factors (entered 2nd) as
predictors, and academic stress variables as criterions variables, were
tested. HEXACO traits explained 8-25% of variance, while predictors of the
second block incrementally explained 5-7% of the variance in academic
stress. The current data suggests that specific emotion-related personality
dispositions encompassed by trait EI have a significant role in predicting
academic-related stress and indicates its incremental predictive validity
over basic personality traits. The practical implications of the obtained
results refer to the importance of programs for planned, targeted
stimulation of EI in the context of education.
... In this study, we were concerned with a typical/self-report measure of emotional intelligence (EQ), the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (TEiQ: Petrides, 2009;Andrei et al., 2016) and a new five-dimension measure of fluid intelligence (GIA: Dann, 2015). Both measures are psychometrically robust (Furnham & Treglown, 2018). ...
... for females, showing the TEIQue to have good internal validity (Mikolajczak et al., 2007). There is abundant evidence of the good psychometric properties (reliability, construct and predictive validity) of this instrument (Andrei, et al., 2016;Petrides, 2009 Verbal Reasoning, Perceptual Speed, Number Speed, Word Meaning, and Spatial Visualisation (Dann, 2015;Furnham & Treglown, 2018). Its primary aim is to measure speed of mental processing (i.e. ...
... To this end, a recent meta-analysis showed that emotional intelligence measured by the TEIQue had a small but significant incremental validity beyond higher-order personality dimensions or social desirability (ΔR 2 = .06; Andrei et al., 2016). ...
... In other words, few studies have examined the added value of emotional intelligence compared to other personality and intelligence constructs in the career literature. Even if some meta-analysis has shown the incremental validity of emotional intelligence (Andrei et al., 2016), it is still unfortunate as a series of authors have questioned the overall utility of emotional intelligence (e.g., Conte, 2005;Van Rooy, Alonso, & Viswesvaran, 2005). ...
Individuals’ career development represents a continuous adaptation process toward professional development and life goals. In this context, an increasing number of studies have recognized emotional intelligence as an important resource to cope
with career-related challenges. This doctoral dissertation aims to address three objectives: questioning, extending, and integrating what we know about emotional intelligence in career development. This manuscript first proposes an original review of the limitations in the study of emotional intelligence in the career context. Second, the present findings develop a more nuanced picture of emotional intelligence, examine unexplored career-related outcomes, and present the results of a meta-analysis. This doctoral dissertation conveys significant theoretical and practical implications with regard to the concept of emotional intelligence but also in order to help individuals throughout their career development.
... Petrides and Furnham's (2001) trait model of EI conceptualizes EI as a set of emotional self-perceptions that include emotional awareness, regulation, and utilization -both intrapersonally and interpersonally (Petrides et al., 2018). High trait EI has been associated with the ability to withstand high-pressure situations and exert effective emotional control (Andrei et al., 2016). In the context of T1DM, higher parental EI has been correlated with improved glycemic control (Zysberg et al., 2013). ...
Purpose: The study aimed to evaluate the association between maternal emotional intelligence and coping strat[1]egies with diabetes management in adolescents diagnosed with type 1 diabetes. Design and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with mothers of adolescents (aged 12–17 years) with type 1 diabetes (n = 75). Data collection instruments included the Trait Emotional Intelligence Question[1]naire-Short Form (TEIQue-SF) and the Brief COPE, alongside a structured questionnaire covering diabetes man[1]agement and sociodemographic factors. The primary outcome measure of diabetes management was glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels. Data were collected via both paper-based questionnaires and an online survey in 2023. Results: Mothers of adolescents with optimal diabetes control exhibited significantly higher scores in the so[1]ciability dimension of emotional intelligence compared to those whose children had suboptimal diabetes control (p = 0.029). No statistically significant association was found between coping strategies and diabetes management in adolescents with type 1 diabetes (p > 0.05). However, maternal emotional intelligence was positively correlated with both problem-focused (rho = 0.669, p < 0.001) and emotion-focused coping strategies (rho = 0.321, p = 0.005), while lower emotional intelligence was significantly associated with avoidant coping (rho = -0.434, p < 0.001). Conclusions: The sociability dimension of maternal emotional intelligence was positively associated with opti[1]mal diabetes management in adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Higher maternal emotional intelligence predicted the use of adaptive coping strategies, specifically problem-focused and emotion-focused coping, whereas lower emotion[1]al intelligence was linked to avoidant coping strategies. Practical Implications: Interventions aimed at enhancing the sociability aspect of emotional intelligence in mothers may improve their social functioning and, consequently, facilitate better diabetes management in their ado[1]lescent children. Keywords: type 1 diabetes, emotional intelligence, coping strategies, diabetes management.
... The completion time for the tool was five minutes. The Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire -Short Form (TEIQUE-SF) have shown good psychometric validity and have been used in many studies (Petrides, 2009;Andrei et al., 2015;Di Fabio and Saklofske, 2020). ...
The Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic affected the entire world during the last few years, creating long-term social and economic problems in the aftermath. The current study investigated how long-term psychological variables, such as personality, trait emotional intelligence, and other socio-demographic factors were related to the severity of the COVID-19 infection. The objective was to explore if there were significant correlations between personality traits and emotional competence (commonly referred to as emotional intelligence) and the severity of the COVID-19 disease and post-COVID adjustment in a group of patients who had suffered from COVID-19. A stratified random sample of 52 patients followed up by the post-COVID clinic of the University Hospital of the General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University (UHKDU) participated in the study. Their personality was measured using an adapted Sinhala version of the Big Five Inventory (BFI), and their trait emotional intelligence was measured by an adapted Sinhala version of the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire-Short Form (TEIQUE-SF). Socio-demographic variables were also recorded. The results of this study show that personality traits or traits of emotional intelligence were not significantly related to the severity of the COVID-19 infection. Out of the measured socio-demographic variables, employment status was observed to be the only variable to have an association with the severity of COVID-19. According to the findings of the current study, it was concluded that most psychiatric symptoms reported in post-COVID syndrome are more likely to be related to the infection than to the premorbid personality or other long-term psychological variables. Short-term stress due to unemployment appears to predispose individuals to more severe forms of COVID-19.
... Theoretical problems related to EI and its initially inflated importance have been extensively discussed elsewhere (e.g., Brody, 2004;Budiša et al., 2021;Harms & Credé, 2010;Locke, 2005;Warne, 2020;Waterhouse, 2006;Zečević & Subotić, 2021). While some of the issues still exist, and while it is now obvious that EI has much lower predictive power compared with standard intelligence and personality, current understanding suggests that EI is potentially useful construct, predictive of many important life outcomes in modest amounts (e.g., Andrei et al., 2016;Mayer et al., 2007;MacCann et al., 2020). ...
Implicit theories (ITs) are personal underlying beliefs about certain phenomena. ITs of Intelligence are often studied, however, very little is known about Its of Emotional Intelligence (EI). In this study, we wanted to explore if people consider EI as a separate form of intelligence and how do they perceive the value of EI for success in life compared with standard intelligence, and do they see EI as a separate form of intelligence. We were also interested in determining how those implicit EI beliefs relate with other conceptually relevant ITs about intelligence, namely: existence of multiple intelligence and incremental versus entity ITs of intelligence. ITs were formulated as 5-point Likert statements and assessed by 484 convenience sample participants. The results show moderately strong support for the idea that EI is a separate form of intelligence, with modest agreement with the idea that EI is more important than general intelligence. Both ITs correlate with the endorsement of multiple intelligences, but only the second belief correlates with the incremental (versus entity) theory of intelligence. There were no gender or educational level differences in ITs of EI endorsement.
... There are self-report and ability methods of assessing emotional intelligence, but evidence shows that the two measures tend to correlate [21,22]. Petrides and Furnham [23] argued that emotional intelligence was located at the lower levels of personality hierarchies [24], explaining how individuals habitually deal with their own emotions as well as those of others [25]. The trait EI model has been frequently used in sport [9,12]. ...
Introduction: Cross-validity and cultural testing are crucial in ensuring the validity of psychological assessments, as language and cultural context can significantly influence the interpretation of test items and their outcomes. An estimated 400 million people speak Arabic with very little research specific on that population. Emotions are a cultural universal. Aim: This study examined the psychometric properties of the Arabic version of the Emotional Intelligence Scale (A-EIS) in Tunisian physical education and sport students, focusing on its latent structure, measurement invariance across gender and sport type, and reliability. Methods: Two samples of volunteer physical education and sport students (males, n= 369 and females, n= 282; Age range: 21.111.53 years and training experience: 7.184.18 years) completed the A-EIS. Translation involved forward-backward methods and a pilot study (n=35). Results: Exploratory factor analysis (n= 223, 34.25%) identified a five-factor model: appraisal of others’ emotions, appraisal of own emotions, regulation, social skills, and utilization of emotions. Confirmatory factor analysis (n= 428, 65.13%) confirmed the model’s fit (CFI= 0.98; TLI = 0.98; GFI = 0.97; RMSEA= 0.029). The structure showed measurement invariance across gender and sport type. Cronbach’s alpha exceeded 0.70, indicating good reliability. Invariance analysis results indicate that gender has no main effect on any of the variables. Conclusions: The A-EIS is a valid and reliable tool for assessing emotional intelligence in Arabic-speaking physical education and sport students.
... Theoretical problems related to EI and its initially inflated importance have been extensively discussed elsewhere (e.g., Brody, 2004;Budiša et al., 2021;Harms & Credé, 2010;Locke, 2005;Warne, 2020;Waterhouse, 2006;Zečević & Subotić, 2021). While some of the issues still exist, and while it is now obvious that EI has much lower predictive power compared with standard intelligence and personality, current understanding suggests that EI is potentially useful construct, predictive of many important life outcomes in modest amounts (e.g., Andrei et al., 2016;Mayer et al., 2007;MacCann et al., 2020). ...
Scepticism towards science has become an important topic in recent times. The aim of this study was to determine the extent to which this scepticism can be explained by cognitive styles. Previous research has attempted to link certain individual differences (e.g. religiosity, conservatism, conspiracy thinking) to pseudoscientific beliefs. Theoretical frameworks have attempted to outline several factors that influence anti-scientific attitudes. Cognitive styles have usually taken a minor role as one of the factors. We propose that basic cognitive styles represent earlier antecedents of antiscientific beliefs. Participants completed the following cognitive style measures: Actively Open-Minded Thinking, Need for Cognition, Dickman’s Impulsivity Inventory, and the Decision Style Scale. Finally, participants completed the Scepticism toward the Scientific Method Scale (SMSS). Multiple linear regression with the SSMS as a criterion and cognitive style measures as predictors showed that the overall model explained 24% variance. Measures of intuitive and dysfunctional impulsive thinking were positive predictors of scepticism. The tendency towards open-minded thinking and functional impulsivity were negative predictors. These results show that a significant proportion of the variance in antiscientific attitudes can be explained by focusing only on cognitive styles.
Keywords: scepticism towards science; cognitive style; conspiracy mentality
... Theoretical problems related to EI and its initially inflated importance have been extensively discussed elsewhere (e.g., Brody, 2004;Budiša et al., 2021;Harms & Credé, 2010;Locke, 2005;Warne, 2020;Waterhouse, 2006;Zečević & Subotić, 2021). While some of the issues still exist, and while it is now obvious that EI has much lower predictive power compared with standard intelligence and personality, current understanding suggests that EI is potentially useful construct, predictive of many important life outcomes in modest amounts (e.g., Andrei et al., 2016;Mayer et al., 2007;MacCann et al., 2020). ...
Previous research of individual differences in metacognition has not provided a clear answer as to which personality traits predict metacognitive judgments. There is some evidence to suggest self-confidence together with extraversion, agreeableness, and openness represent robust predictors. But it seems results depend on the type of cognitive task being assessed. Our aim was to determine how much variance in metacognitive judgments in two general cognitive tasks can be explained by the Big Five personality traits. Participants completed the IPIP 50 personality inventory, 11 matrix reasoning, and 14 number series tasks. The tests were followed by two assessments; their own performance as well as that of an average participant. Hierarchical regression analyses were conducted with performance (number of correct responses) in the first and personality factors in the second step as predictors for two indicators – self-assessed performance and self-evaluation relative to others. Similar results were obtained for both metacognitive parameters. Performance was a positive predictor with personality explaining more variance in total with extraversion being a positive, and agreeableness a negative predictor.
Keywords: metacognition; reasoning; personality; metacognitive judgments
... The scale has been tested and found to be a sound instrument in several countries (Zuanazzi et al. 2022). A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis have confirmed its incremental validity (Andrei et al. 2016). ...
This research looks at how mindfulness can contribute to business ethics education in MBA programmes. Mediation analysis was used to measure the influence of mindfulness on the participants' performance in business ethics related courses and to quantify the influence of emotional intelligence which is a mediating variable. The effectiveness of mindfulness was evaluated using a Randomised Controlled Trial on participants of Executive MBA programmes. Half the participants were assigned to the intervention group and the other half placed on the waiting list for the next programme and used as the control group. Statistical analysis revealed that the increase in performance in business ethics related courses through mindfulness as also direct increase through emotional intelligence were significant. 40% of the enhancement of performance came through emotional intelligence while the remaining 60% came directly from mindfulness.
... In particular, a recent meta-analysis with 426 studies found Cronbach's alpha for total TEIQue-SF, well-being, self-control, emotionality, and sociability as 0.86, 0.79, 0.68, 0.70, and 0.69, respectively [42]. Moreover, two systematic reviews supported the validity of the TEIQue-SF [43,44]. The score on each factor ranged from 1 (low levels of emotional intelligence) to 7 (high levels of emotional intelligence). ...
Background/Objectives: Emotional intelligence may help nurses to cope with demanding work environments where the need to improve the quality and safety of the care provided, as well as the care of the chronically ill, prevails. Although it is well known that emotional intelligence is positively related to work performance, the literature on nurses is limited. The aim of our study was to examine the impact of emotional intelligence on work performance in a sample of nurses in Greece. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study with 318 nurses. We collected data from a convenience sample of nurses during January 2024. Since we conducted an online survey through social media, our sample could not be representative of all nurses in Greece. For instance, older nurses may be underrepresented in our study due to limited access on social media. We measured emotional intelligence with the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire-Short Form (TEIQue-SF) and work performance with the Individual Work Performance Questionnaire (IWPQ). We created multivariable linear regression models adjusted for sex, age, educational level, and work experience. We followed the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines. Results: We found that the four streams of emotional intelligence (i.e., well-being, self-control, emotionality, sociability) increased nurses’ work performance. In particular, we found a positive relationship between well-being and task performance (adjusted beta = 0.210, 95% CI = 0.140 to 0.281, p-value < 0.001) and contextual performance (adjusted beta = 0.135, 95% CI = 0.050 to 0.221, p-value = 0.002). Similarly, there was a positive relationship between self-control and task performance (adjusted beta = 0.136, 95% CI = 0.030 to 0.241, p-value = 0.012). Additionally, sociability increased task performance (adjusted beta = 0.223, 95% CI = 0.151 to 0.295, p-value < 0.001) and contextual performance (adjusted beta = 0.198, 95% CI = 0.111 to 0.286, p-value < 0.001). Moreover, emotionality (adjusted beta = −0.198, 95% CI = −0.319 to −0.076, p-value = 0.002) and sociability (adjusted beta = −0.133, 95% CI = −0.221 to −0.044, p-value = 0.003) reduced counterproductive work behavior. Conclusions: Our multivariable models identified a positive impact of emotional intelligence on nurses’ work performance. Nurse managers and healthcare organizations should adopt appropriate interventions to improve nurses’ emotional intelligence. Enhancing emotional intelligence among nurses can improve work performance and, thus, healthcare outcomes. Moreover, higher levels of emotional intelligence may empower nurses’ compassion and resilience, fostering a supportive work environment. In this context, the well-being of both nurses and patients may improve.
... The survey included prior validated measures: Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire -Short Form (TEIQue-SF) (Andrei, Siegling, Aloe, Baldaro, & Petrides, 2016;Mikolajczak, Luminet, Leroy, & Roy, 2007;Petrides, 2009;Petrides & Furnham, 2000;Petrides, Pérez-González, et al., 2007); Turnover Intention Scale -6 item (Bothma & Roodt, 2013), Perceived Stress Scale -10 item (PSS-10) (Baik et al., 2019;Cohen, Kamarck, & Mermelstein, 1983), General Anxiety Disorder -7 item (GAD-7) (Alharthy, Alrajeh, Almutairi, & Alhajri, 2017; Jordan, Shedden-Mora, & Löwe, 2017;Loewe et al., 2008;Spitzer, Kroenke, Williams, & Löwe, 2006); Patient Health Questionnaire -9 item (PHQ-9) (Kroenke, Spitzer, & Williams, 2001;Kurt Kroenke et al., 2009;MacGregor, Funderburk, Pigeon, & Maisto, 2012;Thibodeau & Asmundson, 2014); Maslach Burnout Inventory (Christina, Susan, & Michael, 1996;Enzmann, Schaufeli, & Girault, 1995); and questions from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) (Pierannunzi, Hu, & Balluz, 2013). Questions from prior surveys of EMS professionals were used for EMS specific, e.g. ...
The Emergency Medical Services are strained in the face of high workforce turnover and substantial cost pressures. Voluntary workforce turnover exacerbates direct and indirect cost pressures including training, productivity loss, loss of talent, and covering vacancies. Reduction of voluntary turnover is therefore of practical interest for worker retention and cost reduction. While a robust body of literature is dedicated to exploring precursors of turnover, few studies have explored affective factors leading to turnover emergency medical service clinicians. Key questions investigated are (1) the relationship between trait emotional intelligence (EI) and turnover intention and (2) the relationship between EI and TI controlling for known predictors of turnover intention. A convenience sample (n=446) was obtained through an online survey created with validated EI, turnover, stress and other instruments and distributed to EMS providers via agencies and online forums. Analytic methods include t-tests, Pearson correlations, and linear regression. Higher trait EI was found to result in decreased turnover intention both at the global (r = -.31, p < 0.001) and factor levels (Wellbeing, r = -.22, p< 0.001; Self-Control r = -.19, p < 0.001; Emotionality, r = -.35, p < 0.001; Sociability, r = -.17, p < 0.001). While EI is found to predict turnover intention, other factors such as physical health, perceived stress, and income may be better predictors of turnover intent. Among the important implications of this study is trait EI should be included in discussions of job turnover of EMTs and paramedics, especially in human resource planning. In addition, it highlights that the mental and physical health of EMS clinicians deserves closer attentiveness by researchers, clinicians, policymakers and EMS managers.
... Similar to ability of EI, trait framework of EI is measured using selfreport tools but is not without drawbacks. Some have suggested that the trait framework of EI is poorly defined and only represents an amalgamation of already existing personality constructs as a result of the multiple different conceptualizations of characteristics of emotional intelligence (Andrei et al., 2016;Waterhouse, 2006). Due to the lack of psychometric robustness, trait-based model of EI has since received a great deal of criticism and skepticism (Barchard et al., 2016;Brody, 2004). ...
Emotional intelligence (hereafter as EI) is highlighted in literature to be crucial attribute for teacher effectiveness in coping with changes and pressure in the work environment especially in the growing emphasis on acquisition of 21st century competencies among students. Hence, in response to the mounting concerns, teachers’ level of EI has become pertinent more than ever before. However, there are controversies in literature on the influence of demographic characteristics and their impact on levels of EI amongst teachers. Therefore, this study investigated the level of EI as well as how demographic characteristics (sex, age, academic qualification and years of experience) influence EI among Social Studies teachers in public Senior High Schools in the Central Region of Ghana. Bar-On (2007) mixed model of EI guided the study. The cross-sectional descriptive survey research design within the positivists’ quantitative methodology was used to collect quantitative data with the main instrument being structured questionnaire. Data were collected from all the 380 Social Studies using the census sampling technique. With the aid of the version 28 of Statistical Product for Service Solutions (SPSS) descriptive (mean, standard deviation) and inferential statistics such as independent samples t-test and one-way between groups ANOVA were used to analyse the data. The findings revealed that Social Studies teachers had high level of EI. Specifically, even though Social Studies teachers indicated several dimensions of EI, they had very high emotional intelligence in interpersonal relationship and intrapersonal relationship and high EI in stress management, adaptability and general mood. The study further revealed that whereas sex and academic qualification did not account for any statistical significance, age and years of teaching experience statistically significantly influenced Social Studies teachers level of EI. Therefore, the study recommended that Ghana Education Service through the Central Regional Directorates of Education should consider age and years of teaching experience when organising training programmes and interventions that have the potential of sustaining the high levels of EI to improve their effectiveness in the teaching and learning of Social Studies.
... Trait EI is a set of emotional perceptions that are evaluated using questionnaires and rating scales (Petrides, 2009). The TEIQue consists of 153 items that are scored on a 7-point Likert scale, providing scores on 15 facets, four factors (Wellbeing, Self-control, Emotionality, and Sociability), and overall TEI (Andrei et al., 2016). The shorter version, TEIQue-SF, includes 30 items and is designed to produce a global trait EI score of the participant. ...
With the wave of positive psychology in second language acquisition, more emotion factors are gaining scholarly attention. Despite extensive research on Trait Emotional Intelligence (TEI), burnout and boredom in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) studies, the interplay of these variables remains unknown and the related impact on EFL learner's English Language Performance (ELP) is still underexplored. Given this, in light of Control-Value Theory (CVT), the present study used a quantitative method to examine the mediating roles of boredom and burnout in the connection between TEI and ELP among Chinese university students engaged in EFL endeavor. Data were collected from 489 second-year EFL students. Structural equation modeling was utilized to analyze the relationships. Results revealed that TEI significantly influences ELP among Chinese EFL university students, through its correlation with both boredom and burnout. Higher levels of TEI are associated with reduced experiences of these negative states, which in turn are linked to improved language performance. These may imply that teacher educators should integrate emotional intelligence training into curricula and professional development to improve students' effectiveness and learning outcome.
... Second, the self-report nature of the test causes faking results to increase desirability to be a problem. Regarding the first point, studies exist that prove the TEIQue has incremental validity over other personality scales (Siegling et al., 2015;Andrei et al., 2016). As for the second criticism, a study by Choi and colleagues (2011) suggested that the effect of faking on the criterion validity of Trait EI tests ranges from moderate to low. ...
During the Fall semester of the school year 2021-2022, three concurrent Emotional Intelligence and Social Communications (EISC) courses were conducted to assist students’ personal development. Using a mixed-method approach, this descriptive study explores changes in the EI levels of students attending these courses. After conducting the survey, which revealed a significant mean difference of 0.12 (95% CI [0.003, 0.237]) between during-course and post-course scores, the researchers employed purposive sampling to select interview participants with the most increased, most decreased, and nearly unchanged levels of EI. The interview data indicated that most interviewees experienced an increase in the ability to consider other perspectives and some in the ability to regulate emotions. On the other hand, emotion management ability seemed to have experienced the slightest improvement. Additionally, the analysis of 20 learner’s reflections showed that learners indicating the most recurrent ideas are learners’ realisations about self (personal shortcomings, past unfortunate events, existing helpful habits/accomplishment, or intentions of future change/improvement) and statements about benefits of mindfulness (increased perception or relief from unpleasant emotions).
... Half of the items are reverse-coded. This scale has been found to be reliable and valid in previous studies (see Andrei et al., 2016). ...
Introduction
Burnout has been typically addressed as an outcome and indicator of employee malfunctioning due to its profound effects on the organization, its members, and its profitability. Our study assesses its potential as a predictor, delving into how different sources of motivation—autonomous and controlled—act as mediational mechanisms in the association between burnout and behavioral dimensions of functioning (namely, organizational citizenship behaviors and work misbehaviors). Furthermore, the buffering effects of emotional intelligence across three different managerial levels were also examined.
Methods
To this end, a total non-targeted sample of 840 Romanian managers (513 first-, 220 mid-, and 107 top-level managers) was obtained.
Results
Burnout predicted motivation, which predicted work behaviors in a moderated-mediation framework. Contrary to our initial prediction, emotional intelligence augmented the negative association between burnout and motivation, exhibiting a dark side to this intelligence type. These findings are nuanced by the three managerial positions and shed light on the subtle differences across supervisory levels.
Discussion
The current article suggests a relationship between multiple dimensions of optimal (mal)functioning and discusses valuable theoretical and practical insights, supporting future researchers and practitioners in designing burnout, motivation, and emotional intelligence interventions.
... (2016) that individuals with high Emotional Intelligence are more Resilient to negative situations in life 20 . Resilience is considered a personality trait that strengthens an individual to cope with any difficult condition of life without losing one's tempo 21 . ...
Background: This paper aims to investigate the strength of the relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Life Satisfaction with Resilience among college students living in Turbat, Balochistan, Pakistan. Methodology: Inform consent was taken from the participants before using a purposive sampling technique. They were categorized into two groups: one hundred males (n = 100) and one hundred females (n = 100). The participants were selected from Government Boys Degree College, Government Girls Degree College of Turbat, and the University of Turbat, District Kech, Balochistan. After obtaining consent, the following questionnaires were administered: a Demographic Sheet, Self-Report Emotional Intelligence Test (SREIT), Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS), and Trait Resilience Checklist (TRC). Results: The results of this study verified that Emotional Intelligence and life satisfaction with resilience have a positive correlation. Finally, recommendations and limitations have been put forward according to the study results. Conclusion: Our study has demonstrated a strong positive relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Life Satisfaction with Resilience. The findings underscore the significance of emotional intelligence in promoting overall life satisfaction and resilience in this population.
... Over the years, significant strides have been made in refining the conceptualization and measurement of Emotional Intelligence (EI) (e.g., Brackett and Mayer, 2003;Joseph and Newman, 2010;Andrei et al., 2016;O'Connor et al., 2019). Researchers have developed various tools and methods to assess both ability EI and trait EI, providing valuable insights into individuals' emotional capabilities and tendencies. ...
... The aim of the measurement instrument, according to the authors, is to serve as a tool for measuring the global trait EI. According to Andrei et al. (2016), a significant number of studies have indicated that the questionnaire is effective and valid. ...
... This is a 30 item (e.g., "I can deal effectively with people") self-report questionnaire rated on a 7-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (completely disagree) to 7 (completely agree). Past research provided evidence for the robust psychometric properties of this instrument (Andrei et al., 2015). In this study, the internal consistency value is .88 ...
Objective:
Problematic social media use is becoming a significant social and clinical concern, and there is growing research interest in the psychological factors involved, such as personality predispositions and the fear of missing out (FOMO). The present study investigated both the dark triad (DT, namely, narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy) and trait emotion intelligence (trait EI) in relation to the problematic use of technology and social media engagement and the mediating role of FOMO.
Method:
A total of 788 people between 18 and 35 years old (M = 24.22; SD = 3.91; 75% women) were surveyed.
Results:
The results showed that social media engagement was positively related to problematic social media use and negatively related to trait EI. In addition, problematic social media use was positively related to DT and negatively related to trait EI. Fear of missing out was positively related to social media engagement, problematic social media use, and DT, and negatively related to trait EI. Fear of missing out had a mediating effect on the relationship between personality dimensions, problematic social media use, and social media engagement.
Conclusions:
The extent to which personality traits may underpin problematic use of social media and the practical implications of the findings are discussed.
... Among the different possible EI formulations, some theories see EI as a factor that promotes general health (Schutte et al., 2007;Zysberg, 2018) and better adaptation (Pellitteri, 2002) influencing the way individuals cope with demands and pressures from the environment to be more resilient to challenging situations (Zeidner et al., 2006) and uses specific tests to measure emotional abilities. Trait emotional intelligence (TEI), instead, focuses on people's perception of their emotional disposition and is identified as a distinct latent variable that integrates the affective aspects of personality (Andrei et al., 2014(Andrei et al., , 2015. Particularly, the construct of TEI has emerged as an important individual difference variable referring to a constellation of emotional self-perceptions assessed by self-reported questionnaires (Petrides et al., 2007). ...
Objective
The study aims to assess the impact of COVID-19 on healthcare workers’ work-related stress during the first wave of the pandemic in Italy. The main objective is to investigate the existence of a positive correlation between hopelessness and burnout, assuming that burnout may be a risk factor for the development of hopelessness, and to analyze the role that trait Emotional Intelligence (TEI) and changes in workload could have in this relationship. Furthermore, evaluate any significant differences in burnout and hopelessness levels in the function of some demographic variables, such as gender, professional profiles, and different working zones of Italy, to better understand how the diverse diffusion of pandemic had affected Italian healthcare workers.
Methods
An online survey was used to collect data between April and June, 2020, with 562 responses among nurses (52.1%) and physicians (47.9%). Demographics and changes in workload and work conditions were collected through an ad hoc questionnaire. The Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire-Short Form (TEIQue-SF), The Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS), and the Link Burnout Questionnaire (LBQ) were used to assess Trait Emotional Intelligence (TEI), hopelessness, and burnout, respectively.
Results
Correlation analysis showed a significant positive relationship between hopelessness and each burnout dimension. TEI showed negative correlations both with burnout dimensions and hopelessness. Significant differences in burnout and hopelessness levels emerged as a function of some demographic variables such as gender, professional profiles (nurses or physicians), and different working zone of Italy (northern or southern). Results showed that TEI partially mediated the relationship between hopelessness and every burnout dimension, while the interaction of changes in workload was non-significant.
Discussion
The mediating role of TEI in the burnout-hopelessness relationship partly explains the protective role that individual factors had on healthcare workers’ mental health. Our findings support the need to integrate considerations on both psychological risk and protective factors into COVID-19 care, including the monitoring of psychological symptoms and social needs, especially among healthcare workers.
... Trait EI emerges as an important individual difference variable and is composed of a constellation of emotional self-perceptions (often assessed through self-report questionnaires and rating scales) that constitute a person's emotional attitude (Petrides et al., 2007). Several studies have investigated the influence of trait EI across the life span and, in particular, its impact on health (for a review, see Andrei et al., 2016), showing that trait EI is a strong positive predictor of wellbeing and mental health (Martins et al., 2010;Tolsa and Malas, 2022). Direct effects on general health were observed for trait EI in university students (Johnson et al., 2009). ...
The study aims to explore the effects that videoconferencing Analytic Psychodrama (AP) has on the psychological wellbeing and emotional competence of young adults who are suffering from mental health problems. Twenty-two undergraduate students, asking for help at the Psychological Counselling Service of the University of Bologna for anxiety-depressive problems, took part in the three online groups that met weekly from October 2020 to July 2021. The Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation Outcome Measure, the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire Short Form, the Toronto Alexithymia Scale, the Interpersonal Reactivity Index, and the Group Climate Questionnaire were used as test–retest questionnaires for clinical outcomes, emotional competence, and group climate evaluations. There was a statistically significant difference between the pre-test and 10-month scores for patients in clinical outcomes. Alexithymia significantly decreased and emotional intelligence and group engagement increased post-intervention. Videoconferencing AP sounds promising for alleviating psychological problems and to improve young adults’ emotional competence.
... As a measure of TEI, the TEIQ has been described as a "very good, comprehensive measure of trait EI" (O'Connor et al., 2019, p. 5). There is also evidence in support of the TEIQ's reliability and validity (Andrei et al., 2016). For example, Abdolrezapour and Tavakoli (2012) reported the reliability to be 0.82, and Zampetaskis (2011) reported the reliability to be 0.88. ...
Youth (aged 12–30) are the most likely age group to experience problematic substance abuse, yet this population experiences relatively low rates of success in treatment and limited research and understanding exists regarding “client fit.” This study explored how youth participation in one Canadian wilderness therapy program affects trait emotional intelligence (TEI) and readiness to change (RC) and how pretreatment client-level variables—presenting problems, sex, age, funding, digital interference in everyday life, or substance abuse severity—moderate these relationships. A case study design was engaged, and the intervention was found to produce statistically significant increases in RC but not in TEI. Relative to pretreatment client-level variables, participants who experienced interference in their everyday life due to video games or online activity before treatment had larger TEI change scores, while participants who experienced interference in their everyday life due to virtual relationships had larger changes in RC. No client-level pretreatment variables in this study significantly predicted increases in RC following wilderness therapy.
... Higher scores indicate higher trait EI. Previous findings provided evidence for the optimal psychometric properties of the instrument (Andrei et al., 2015;Pérez-Díaz and Petrides, 2019). In the current study, internal consistency was good (Table 1). ...
Background:
Rosacea is a skin disease characterized by facial erythema and inflammatory pustules that may result in emotional distress. Social Phobia and Self-Esteem appear to be linked to the development of higher levels of distress in dermatological conditions, while Trait Emotional Intelligence (Trait EI) has been consistently associated with greater levels of adaptation to one's chronic condition. Hence, it seems extremely relevant to observe the interplay between these dimensions in the context of Rosacea. The goal of the current study is to test the hypothesis that an association between Trait EI and General Distress, in individuals with Rosacea would be mediated by Self-Esteem and Social Phobia.
Methods:
Questionnaires were administered to 224 individuals suffering from Rosacea to assess Trait EI, Social Phobia, Self-Esteem, and General Distress.
Results:
Results highlighted that Trait EI was positively related to Self-Esteem and negatively related to Social Phobia and General Distress. In addition, both Self-Esteem and Social Phobia showed a mediating role in the relationship between Trait EI and General Distress.
Limitations:
The main limitations of this work consist in the cross-sectional nature of the data, the small number of participants, also it was not possible to differentiate the participants according to the type of rosacea.
Discussion:
These results emphasize how individuals with Rosacea may be vulnerable to internalizing states and how high levels of Trait EI may constitute a protective factor for the onset of distressing states and it would be useful to create programs aimed at fostering Trait EI in Rosacea sufferers.
... EI reflects how individuals are able to make adaptive responses to their surroundings. Employees with high emotional intelligence are better able to adapt to the work environment (Andrei et al., 2016). These employees can get more spiritual and material support from their colleagues and leaders, thus increasing their resources. ...
Why do people who seem to be doing well in the workplace occasionally behave badly? Because these employees may be using impression management tactics to create an image. Existing studies have focused on comparing the differences in the use of impression management among different individuals, but cannot explain why a well-behaved individual sometimes behaves badly. Based on the theory of self-control resources, we adopts the survey method of job logs and collects the data of 121 employees. The results show that: (1) the use of self-promotion tactics and ingratiation tactics will promote the depletion of self-control resources. (2) The depletion of self-control resources will encourage employees to engage in counterproductive work behaviors. (3) The effect of self-promotion tactic and ingratiation tactic on the depletion of self-control resources was moderated by emotional intelligence. In the case of high emotional intelligence, this effect is attenuated. And vice versa. (4) Under high emotional intelligence and low emotional intelligence, the indirect effects of self-promotion tactic and ingratiation tactic on employees’ counterproductive work behaviors are significantly different. Our research breaks through the between-individual perspective and illustrates the double-edged sword effect of self-promotion tactic and ingratiation tactic on employee counterproductive work behavior and its mechanism from the internal perspective, which is highly innovative.
... The trait EI model recently captured research attention (Davis, 2014;Andrei, 2016). Trait EI has emerged as a negative predictor of work-related distress. ...
... 48 Besides, the TEIQue-SF has strong evidence in attesting the psychometric properties (validity and reliability). 49 In addition, the TEIQue-SF has been used and validated among Malaysian students. 50−52 The Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ) was used to measure the PsyCap of students. ...
Current engineering education should develop the noncognitive abilities of students. Psychological capital (PsyCap) is defined as an individual’s strengths of self-efficacy, optimism, hope, and resiliency. PsyCap is an essential noncognitive ability that influences student mental health and academic performance, yet limited research has been done to identify predictors of PsyCap. These predictors might inform the key to developing PsyCap. This study examined the levels of PsyCap and emotional intelligence (EI) among final-year chemical engineering students and investigated the effects of EI and demographic characteristics on PsyCap among them. This quantitative study involved 99 final-year chemical engineering students from a publicly funded university in Malaysia. The Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire─Short Form (TEIQue-SF) and the Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ) were used, and respondents’ demographic characteristics (gender, age, ethnicities, household income, and preuniversity education) were surveyed. Multiple linear regression was used to predict the effects of EI and demographic variables on PsyCap. The five domains of EI (well-being, self-control, emotionality, sociability, and global trait) ranged from 4.36/7.00 to 5.01/7.00, and the four domains of PsyCap (self-efficacy, optimism, hope, and resiliency) ranged from 4.19/6.00 to 4.45/6.00. Next, EI significantly predicted PsyCap while demographic characteristics did not. The study found that the PsyCap of the final-year chemical engineering students was at a moderate level. Thus, specific interventions based on EI are beneficial to developing PsyCap in coping with challenges in their engineering studies and future careers.
... Trait models are mainly concerned with the recognition of emotional abilities; that is, the belief in self-acknowledgment in terms of understanding, managing, and expressing our emotions in a particular environment (Andrei et al. 2016;Kanesan and Fauzan 2019). Regarding Petrides and Furnham (2001) this model of emotional intelligence contains four components: wellbeing, including self-confidence, happiness, and optimism; sociability including social competence, assertiveness, and managing the feelings of others; self-control, including stress management, regulation of feelings, and control of impulses; and, emotionality, including emotional perception of self and others, expression of emotions, and empathy (Petrides 2009(Petrides , 2010. ...
This study aims to investigate the levels of emotional intelligence for managers in public and private hospitals in Jordan for the purpose of identifying the relative practice of emotional intelligence dimensions by managers in each sector. The research will also look into the differences (gaps) in self- and other-assessed emotional intelligence for managers in both public and private hospitals. As such, the theoretical importance of this research lies in its ability to contribute to filling the missing gap in the literature while forming the basis for or being the object of reference for any future research in the field. The researchers adopted a quantitative research design. Data were collected using a 360-degree questionnaire, in which managers’ self-assessments, and the assessments of two other raters (supervisors, peers, or subordinates), were used to measure the levels of managers’ emotional intelligence in both public and private hospitals. A total of 179 managers and 358 raters participated in our study. The results of the study revealed that differences between managers’ self-assessments and others’ assessments might be an indicator of inflated managers’ self-assessments. Differences between managers’ self-assessments and others’ assessments were larger in public hospitals compared with those in private hospitals. Hence, our study provides valuable recommendations and implications to enhance the practice of emotional intelligence among managers both in public and private hospitals in Jordan.
... Trait models are mainly concerned with the recognition of emotional abilities; that is, the belief in self-acknowledgment in terms of understanding, managing, and expressing our emotions in a particular environment (Andrei et al. 2016;Kanesan and Fauzan 2019). Regarding Petrides and Furnham (2001) this model of emotional intelligence contains four components: wellbeing, including self-confidence, happiness, and optimism; sociability including social competence, assertiveness, and managing the feelings of others; self-control, including stress management, regulation of feelings, and control of impulses; and, emotionality, including emotional perception of self and others, expression of emotions, and empathy (Petrides 2009(Petrides , 2010. ...
... TEIQue-SF has been adapted into Italian, German, Serbian, Georgian, French and the original English versions (Andrei et al., 2016). Even in the Asian region, TEIQue-SF has good reliability or above 0.7. ...
... Although it seems clear that personality is an important antecedent of entrepreneurial intention and entrepreneurship, it is not enough to explain the role of individual variables in the entrepreneurial process. In fact, some authors have indicated that other variables, such as emotional intelligence, can also be significant in predicting entrepreneurial intention and behavior (Andrei et al., 2016;Miao et al., 2018). ...
Currently, entrepreneurship is a priority for economic, social, and technological growth. Therefore, the interest in understanding entrepreneurship processes has increased significantly. Individual variables play a fundamental role, and academic research has pointed out the influence of emotional intelligence in entrepreneurial processes; however, its relationship with other interpersonal processes and individual variables, such as personality and self-efficacy, has not been extensively studied. The aim of this research was to analyze the relationship among emotional intelligence, self-efficacy, and entrepreneurial intention, controlling for the effects of personality, gender, and age. Multiple hierarchical regression analyses were applied through a questionnaire survey of 1,593 college students to test the relationship between the constructs in the model. The results show that the personality traits are associated with entrepreneurial self-efficacy, emotional intelligence positively influences entrepreneurial intention, and self-efficacy mediates the relationship between emotional intelligence and entrepreneurial intention. Practical implications for training programs are examined, and future lines of research were discussed.
In this study, the relationships between Personality Trait (PT), Emotional Intelligence (EI), and Intrapreneurial Self-Capital (ISC) are examined. A modified version of the Intrapreneurial Self Capital and Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire was administered to 200 first-year and 200 third-year undergraduate students. Hierarchical regression analysis was used to explore relationships. The study found that a significant change in one’s ISC occurs with a unit increase in EI and PT. Also, in reference to respondents aged less than 18, none of the age groups exhibited a positive EI. It was also established that females exhibited a positive EI as compared to their male counterparts, whereas level 300 students also exhibited a positive EI ahead of their juniors in level 100. This study recommends that students should take an interest in non-cognitive workshops and seminars to improve their EI to increase their capabilities to cope with their future careers and work life. It is also recommended that students understand their personality traits to interact well with their colleagues at the workplace after graduation. Lastly, this study recommends that the content of courses taught in our universities should be tailored to enhance EI since the current situation is not too good.
AIM
This study aimed to identify if a correlation exists among trait emotional intelligence (EI), leadership styles, and conflict management styles used by nurse education administrators.
BACKGROUND
Nursing is fraught with incivility, bullying, and increasing physical aggression. Conflict surrounds nurses at every level. EI and leadership styles in nursing have been addressed. Few studies were found that addressed conflict management by nurse education administrators.
METHOD
A quantitative nonexperimental correlational design using discriminant analysis was used in this study.
RESULTS
Trait EI factors of emotionality and sociability correlated with conflict management styles. Leadership styles and conflict management styles were situational; management styles of integrating and compromising were underused in conflict situations.
CONCLUSION
Nurse education administrators are in a position to become disruptive innovators in changing the nursing culture. The increased use of conflict management styles of integrating and compromising can help address incivility and bullying.
The major goal of green technology is to lessen the greenhouse effect and control global warming. Hence, the main idea is to come up with new inventions that do not deplete natural resources. The research, here, is attempted to examine the factors influencing consumers to purchase hybrid cars like environmentally friendlier automobiles that are gaining more popularity. Hybrid car is a vehicle that uses at least two or more power supply as to make the vehicle move. The combination of an internal combustion engine and electric motors is one of the uniqueness owned by hybrid cars. This study discusses various theoretical models and proposes a conceptual model based on those theories, especially on UTAUT2 (Extended Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology) which adapted and identified seven independent variables (performance expectancy, social influence, environmental concern, price value, hedonic motivation, facilitating conditions, and health benefit) and one dependent variable (behavioral intention to purchase) from the related literatures. Though there is huge importance or advantages of hybrid cars, there have been many people in Bangladesh till now who are not currently buying/using hybrid cars. This study is significant and rationale in environmental, marketers, and economic perspective. The expected outcome of this study will enhance new understanding on the profile of Bangladeshi consumers in purchasing hybrid cars as well as marketers, and policymakers can take opportunity to take decisions by utilizing the findings of this study.KeywordsHybrid carUTAUT2Conceptual modelBangladesh
University students are exposed to several changes related to their families and economic independence. The academic demands impose greater responsibilities and difficulties (Trigueros et al, The influence of emotional intelligence on resilience, test anxiety, academic stress and the Mediterranean diet. A study with university students. Environ Res Public Health 17(6):2071, 2020 [1]), a reality that worsened as a result of the pandemic between 2020 and 2021 due to the loss of social contact, economic problems, and the search for sources of income to help with family expenses, generating in students the need to abandon or postpone their studies; however, it has been possible to identify factors related to their emotional intelligence and resilience, which have allowed them to successfully cope with these difficulties. This study aims to analyze the validity and reliability of the Trait Meta-Mood Scale (TMMS-24) by combining an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) model. The influence of emotional intelligence of Ecuadorian university students on resilience and academic performance in the context of SARS-COV-2 is analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM) in a sample of 302 Ecuadorian university students aged 18–24 years following the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. The EFA and CFA validated the TMSS-24 with acceptable fit indices, demonstrating construct validity. Through SEM modeling, resilience was found to have a significant and positive mediating role between emotional intelligence and academic performance.KeywordsResilienceEmotional intelligenceRSATMSS-24University students
Social entrepreneurship is a global phenomenon spreading around the world. It has become one of the finest solutions for addressing various social, environmental and economic issues. Following the issue of unemployment among graduates, research involving how far students are willing to become a social entrepreneur is relevant to be conducted. With that, this paper aims at revealing factor that predict a student’s intention to be social entrepreneurs in the future. This study is quantitative in nature and has employed cross-sectional approach. Drawing from the theory of reasoned action as a theoretical foundation, this paper identifies trait emotional intelligence as the exogenous and subjective norm as the mediator. Stratified sampling strategies involves 480 undergraduate students from public and private universities were selected as respondents, at the same time as information become amassed via surveys. The information become then analyzed via the use of AMOS software. The structural equation modelling (SEM) was executed to test hypotheses. The results exhibit that subjective norm is partially mediates the tested relationship. This research contributes to shed light on the literature via examining a comprehensive models of social entrepreneurship intention formation; whilst offering several important practical implications for social entrepreneurship educators and practitioners.
Objective:
The working alliance between therapists and patients is an important factor in the psychotherapy processes. Trait emotional intelligence has also been found to be malleable in treatment and to play a significant role in patient outcomes. The present study investigated how the relationship between measured working alliance and patient symptoms may differ depending on changes in patient trait emotional intelligence capacities.
Methods:
One hundred twenty-nine adults at a community mental health clinic completed self-report measures at the beginning of treatment, as well as 8 months into treatment. Hierarchical linear regressions were computed to assess the interaction of working alliance and trait emotional intelligence scores on patient symptom scores. Simple slope tests were used to probe significant interactions.
Results:
Trait emotional intelligence served as a significant moderator on the relationship between working alliance and patient symptoms. Specifically, the relationship between working alliance and patient symptoms was only significant for participants who reported an improvement in trait emotional intelligence over the course of treatment.
Conclusion:
Results demonstrate that the impact of working alliance on patient symptom outcomes depended on patient improvement in trait emotional intelligence capacities. Such findings emphasize the importance of investigating the nuanced individual factors that impact the ways in which working alliance relates to treatment outcomes.
Emotional intelligence (EI) is here analyzed as a construct referring to the individual differences in perceiving, regulating, managing, and exploiting emotions, assuming in particular a trait approach to the exploration of the phenomenon. Specifically, the role of trait EI in the definition of the possible in space and in time is addressed, analyzing how individual differences in the management and use of emotions can explain the emerging of different pasts, different futures, as well as different possible worlds. Moreover, the role of trait EI in the expression of the individual potential is explored, taking as example two research topics (i.e., prosocial behavior and creative performance) to understand how emotional intelligence can help in understanding the emerging of possible selves. Finally, future possible research scenarios are offered to explore the use of trait EI as a study variable in the investigation of the possible.
Objective
Since most health care programs have competitive entry and selective admission procedures, it is essential for colleges to select proper admissions tools to ensure student success in the health care programs. The purpose of the study was to determine what relationship exists between emotional intelligence (EI) and clinical success for diagnostic medical sonography (DMS) or radiography (RT) students. The main goal of this work was to explore if an EI model such as the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (TEIQue) can be potentially used as one of the criteria in the admission selection process for DMS and RT programs in the future.
Materials and Methods
The participants of this study were 26 imaging students. The convenient sample included 10 DMS and 16 RT students, enrolled in an Associate Degree in Applied Sciences program, within a community college. The study was conducted by administering the TEIQue questionnaire that collected EI data and demographic data of the participants in both programs. These data were gathered at the beginning of each respective program and 1 calendar year later. The clinical student success was examined over a period of 2 clinical semesters.
Results
The analysis of the findings determined that a significant relationship existed between all EI variables such a global EI, 4 factors and 3 subscales of trait EI for both groups of students. The findings of this study did not show a significant relationship between clinical success and global EI as well as 3 subscales of trait EI for DMS or RT students. Nevertheless, a statistically significant increase was observed among 1 of the 4 EI factors, well-being, among RT students. Interestingly, DMS students did not show the same outcome.
Conclusion
The results of this study provide limited empirical evidence that a strong relationship may exist between 1 of the 4 trait EI factors, well-being, among RT students and clinical success in this RT student cohort. This is an important finding that may support the use of the TEIQue questionnaire, as part of the admissions process for other RT programs. The DMS students did not exhibit the same results. However, the findings with the RT students demonstrate the need for further research.
The authors review the development of the modern paradigm for intelligence assessment and application and consider the differentiation between intelligence-as-maximal performance and intelligence-as-typical performance. They review theories of intelligence, personality, and interest as a means to establish potential overlap. Consideration of intelligence-as-typical performance provides a basis for evaluation of intelligence–personality and intelligence–interest relations. Evaluation of relations among personality constructs, vocational interests, and intellectual abilities provides evidence for communality across the domains of personality of J. L. Holland's (1959) model of vocational interests. The authors provide an extensive meta-analysis of personality–intellectual ability correlations, and a review of interest–intellectual ability associations. They identify 4 trait complexes: social, clerical/conventional, science/math, and intellectual/cultural.
This study examined the incremental validity of the adolescent short form of the Trait Emotional Questionnaire (TEIQue-ASF) in two European secondary-school samples. The TEIQue-ASF was administered as a predictor of socioemotional or academic achievement criteria, along with measures of coping strategies or cognitive ability, respectively. In Dutch high school students (N = 282), the TEIQue-ASF explained variance in all socioemotional criteria, controlling for coping strategies and demographics. In a sample of British preadolescents, the measure showed incremental contributions to academic achievement in the core areas (English, math, and science) of the English curriculum, controlling for cognitive ability subscales and gender (N = 357–491). Implications for the validity and applied utility of the TEIQue-ASF are discussed.
This study investigated the structure and incremental validity of the Italian translation of the full-length Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (TEIQue). Self-report data from a sample of 227 participants were collected from community and student populations. Confirmatory factor analysis provided support for the four-factor structure of the Italian TEIQue. Overall, the TEIQue showed theoretically expected relationships to all other constructs. In addition, hierarchical regression analyses demonstrated the incremental validity of the Italian TEQue beyond demographics, the Big Five personality dimensions, emotion regulation strategies, and self-enhancement. Analyses performed at the level of the four-TEIQue factors indicated that its predictive effects were mainly due to the factor Well-Being. These findings are discussed with reference to potential implication for trait EI theory.
The "emotional intelligence" construct has been the focus of enormous scrutiny over the past 20 years (Salovey & Mayer, 1990). Much of this interest is based on the so-called "big idea" that first brought widespread attention to it-an idea popularized by Goleman's best-selling book Emotional Intelligence (1995), in which he claimed that emotional intelligence (EI) can matter more than the intelligence quotient (IQ) in predicting important life outcomes. Despite the appeal of this idea, recent metaanalyses indicate that emotional intelligence has not lived up to its promise. What are the implications of these findings for emotional intelligence research and for people interested in applying EI research to their organizations? We suggest that the predictive validity of emotional intelligence can be enhanced by refining the construct through the incorporation of three well-established principles of psychological processing: (a) dual-process principles that capture automatic and deliberate processing, (b) motivational principles that highlight the importance of goals for processing social-emotional information, and (c) person X situation principles that delineate how context influences the way people think, feel, and behave. We discuss the implications of this reconceptualization for emotional intelligence theory, research, and practice.
This study examined the relationship between trait emotional intelligence (trait EI) and somatic complaints after controlling for positive and negative affect (PA and NA). 362 volunteers (222 males) completed the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire-Short Form (TEIQue-SF), the Somatic Complaint List (SCL), and the Positive Affect and Negative Affect Scales (PANAS). Results showed that high trait EI is positively correlated to PA and negatively correlated to NA and somatic complaints, but that it can predict somatic complaints over and above PA and NA. These findings highlight the protective role of trait EI in mental and physical health.
This study examined the incremental validity of the adult short form of the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (TEIQue-SF) in predicting 7 construct-relevant criteria beyond the variance explained by the Five-factor model and coping strategies. Additionally, the relative contributions of the questionnaire's 4 subscales were assessed. Two samples of Canadian university students completed the TEIQue-SF, along with measures of the Big Five, coping strategies (Sample 1 only), and emotion-laden criteria. The TEIQue-SF showed consistent incremental effects beyond the Big Five or the Big Five and coping strategies, predicting all 7 criteria examined across the 2 samples. Furthermore, 2 of the 4 TEIQue-SF subscales accounted for the measure's incremental validity. Although the findings provide good support for the validity and utility of the TEIQue-SF, directions for further research are emphasized.
Driven by the challenge of representing and measuring psychological attributes, this article outlines a psychometric method aimed at identifying problem facets. The method, which integrates theoretical and empirical steps, is applied in the context of the construct of trait emotional intelligence (trait EI), using data from six different samples (N = 1284) collected across Europe. Alternative representations of the trait EI variance, derived from the outcome variables used in previous validation studies of the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire, were regressed on the 15 trait EI facets using the stepwise method. The analyses revealed five facets, which did not occupy unique construct variance in any of the six samples. As expected, a composite of the remaining 10 facets consistently showed greater construct validity than the original 15-facet composite. Implications for construct and scale development are discussed, and directions for further validation of the method and for its application to other constructs are provided. © 2014 The Authors. European Journal of Personality published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of European Association of Personality Psychology.
This chapter reviews 11 salient measures associated with the concept of emotional intelligence (EI). Both experimental and commercial measures are included here. However, in view of the proliferation of EI measures, the chapter focuses on those with a solid presence in the scientific literature. The reviews are organized in line with recent developments and the divergence of the field into two areas (i.e., ability and trait EI), based on their method of measurement. Reviews of three performance-based, or ability EI measures, precede the reviews of eight typical-performance, or trait EI measures. All three performance measures are designed for assessment of ability EI in the general populations, whereas the trait EI measures include four general-population scales as well as four workplace-oriented measures, designed for occupational assessment or research in workplace contexts.
The current study presents the results of the adaptation of the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (TEIQue; Petrides, 2009) to the Georgian population. Nine hundred twenty two individuals participated in the standardization of the instrument (267 male and 655 female participants, from 17 to 70 years). Results from exploratory factor analyses indicate that the factor structure of the British TEIQue is broadly replicated in the Georgian translation. The Georgian Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire comprises 15 primary facets and four higher-order factors: Emotionality, Sociability, Self-Control, and Well-Being. The Cronbach α reliabilities of the TEIQue factors ranged from .69 to .82, and from .62 to .81 for the 15 facets. TEIQue global scores were normally distributed. There were no gender differences in global TEI scores, though such differences did emerge in some TEI factors and facets. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2014 APA, all rights reserved)
This study examined whether trait emotional intelligence (trait EI or emotional self-efficacy) can differentiate between leaders and non-leaders (N = 96) employed by a major multinational company in Europe. Available intelligence test scores along with age, gender, and tenure were used as control variables. Trait EI, cognitive ability, and gender were significant predictors in a logistic-regression model. Further, both leaders and non-leaders scored significantly higher on trait EI compared to the standardization sample of the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (Petrides, 2009), though the effect size for the former (Cohen’s d = 2.80) was considerably larger than for the latter (Cohen’s d = 1.23). The results support the notion that leadership and management positions require high trait EI.
This meta-analysis of eight studies involving a total of 603 participants found a significant association (r = .32) between trait emotional intelligence and romantic-relationship satisfaction. The association between the emotional intelligence of an individual and his or her self-reported romantic relationship satisfaction was significant, as was the relationship between an individual’s emotional intelligence and the partner’s level of satisfaction with the relationship. The association between trait emotional intelligence and romantic relationship satisfaction provides a foundation for future research, such as intervention studies aimed at increasing emotional intelligence in couples in order to increase romantic relationship satisfaction.
Social skills, interpersonal competence, political skill, emotional intelligence, empathy, and emotion recognition ability all belong to the domain of social and emotional effectiveness constructs (SEECs). To date, it remains unclear to what extent SEECs overlap and differ and how they fit in the nomological net of personality. We examined the overall dimensional structure of 32 scales from five self-report and three performance-based instruments, representing the above-mentioned constructs. Four components, namely Expressivity, Sensitivity, Emotional Abilities, and Self-Control, were identified and correlated meaningfully with the Big Five. Trait emotional intelligence and other self-reported SEECs overlapped largely rather than measuring separate constructs. This study provides the basis for a taxonomy of SEECs that will help integrating previous and future research in this domain.
This paper presents a comprehensive investigation of the criterion and incremental validity of trait emotional intelligence (trait EI or trait emotional self-efficacy), which is defined as a constellation of emotion-related self-perceptions and dispositions located at the lower levels of personality hierarchies (Petrides & Furnham, 200155.
Petrides , K. V. and
Furnham , A. 2001. Trait emotional intelligence: Psychometric investigation with reference to established trait taxonomies. European Journal of Personality, 15: 425–448. [CrossRef], [Web of Science ®], [CSA]View all references). In Studies 1 and 2 (N=166 and 354, respectively) trait EI is shown to be related to measures of rumination, life satisfaction, depression, dysfunctional attitudes, and coping. Most relationships remained statistically significant even after controlling for Big Five variance. In Study 3 (N=212) trait EI is shown to be related to depression and nine distinct personality disorders. Most relationships remained significant, even after controlling for positive and negative affectivity (mood). It is concluded that trait EI has a role to play in personality, clinical, and social psychology, often with effects that are incremental over the basic dimensions of personality and mood.
In recent studies of the structure of affect, positive and negative affect have consistently emerged as two dominant and relatively independent dimensions. A number of mood scales have been created to measure these factors; however, many existing measures are inadequate, showing low reliability or poor convergent or discriminant validity. To fill the need for reliable and valid Positive Affect and Negative Affect scales that are also brief and easy to administer, we developed two 10-item mood scales that comprise the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS). The scales are shown to be highly internally consistent, largely uncorrelated, and stable at appropriate levels over a 2-month time period. Normative data and factorial and external evidence of convergent and discriminant validity for the scales are also presented. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)
Participants completed measures of trait emotional intelligence (trait EI), happiness, personality, and cognitive ability. Neuroticism was negatively related to happiness, whereas Extraversion and Openness to Experience were positively related to it. Cognitive ability was not related either to happiness or to trait EI. A three-step hierarchical regression showed that trait EI explained over 50% of the total variance in happiness. The positive relationship between trait EI and happiness persisted in the presence of the Big Five. In contrast, the Big Five did not account for a significant amount of happiness variance when trait EI was partialled out.
This article provides a review and conceptual comparison between self-report and performance-based measures of emotional intelligence. Analyses of reliability, psychometric properties, and various forms of validity lead to the conclusion that self-report techniques measure a dispositional construct, that may have some predictive validity, but which is highly correlated with personality and independent of intelligence. Although seemingly more valid, performance-based measures have certain limitations, especially when scored with reference to consensual norms, which leads to problems of skew and restriction of range. Scaling procedures may partially ameliorate these scoring weaknesses. Alternative approaches to scoring, such as expert judgement, also suffer problems since the nature of the requisite expertise is unclear. Use of experimental paradigms for studying individual differences in information-processing may, however, inform expertise. Other difficulties for performance-based measures include limited predictive and operational validity, restricting practical utility in organizational settings. Further research appears necessary before tests of EI are suitable for making real-life decisions about individuals.
This article develops equations for determining the asymptotic confidence limits for the difference between 2 squared multiple correlation coefficients. The present procedure uses the delta method described by I. Olkin and J. D. Finn (1995) but does not require the variance-covariance matrix and the partial derivatives for all the zero-order correlations that enter into the expression for the difference, as does their procedure. This simplified approach can lead to an extreme reduction in the calculations required, as well as a reduction in the mathematical complexity of the solution. This approach also demonstrates clearly that in some cases, it may be inappropriate to use the asymptotic confidence limits in tests of significance. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
Emotional intelligence (EI) is one of the most widely discussed topics in current psychology. Although first mentioned in the professional literature nearly two decades ago, in the past five years it has received extensive media attention. The term "emotional intelligence" refers to the ability to identify, express, and understand emotions; to assimilate emotions into thought; and to regulate both positive and negative emotions in oneself and others. Yet despite the flourishing research programs and broad popular interest, scientific evidence for a clearly identified construct of EI is sparse. It remains to be seen whether there is anything to EI that researchers in the fields of personality, intelligence, and applied psychology do not already know.
This book offers a comprehensive critical review of EI. It examines current thinking on the nature, components, determinants, and consequences of EI, and evaluates the state of the art in EI theory, research, assessment, and applications. It highlights the extent to which empirical evidence supports EI as a valid construct and debunks some of the more extravagant claims that appear in the popular media. Finally, it examines the potential use of EI to guide practical interventions in various clinical, occupational, and educational settings.
Bradford Books imprint
Objective:
The objective of this study was two-fold. First, to examine the levels of emotional intelligence in patients recently diagnosed with vestibular schwannoma, in comparison to those of healthy individuals and patients with other physical illness. Second, to evaluate the correlation between Emotional Intelligence and quality of life.
Study design:
Cross sectional study in a university tertiary referral center.
Methods:
Consecutive patients (mean age [range], 56.4 [17-85] yr) diagnosed with vestibular schwannoma between April 2011 and October 2012 (N = 254). Sociodemographic characteristics, clinical characteristics, disease-specific quality of life (PANQOL), and Emotional Intelligence (TEIQue-SF) were assessed by questionnaire before the start of medical treatment.
Results:
Levels of Emotional Intelligence in patients with vestibular schwannoma (N = 178; response rate 70.1%) were significantly lower compared with healthy individuals and patients with cancer. Emotional Intelligence was highly positively correlated to disease-specific quality of life. Balance disorders and cranial nerve dysfunction made a significant negative contribution to the quality of life. For educational level, a significant positive contribution was found as well.
Conclusion:
The substantial impact of a vestibular schwannoma-diagnosis on a psychological measure (i.e., Emotional Intelligence) in the affected patients as demonstrated in our study has important clinical and research implications when developing guidelines about counselling of these patients. This also has to be taken into account when making clinical decisions about the proposed treatment. Addressing Emotional Intelligence may be helpful in the development of a self-management program for patients with vestibular schwannoma.
Interest in the problem of method biases has a long history in the behavioral sciences. Despite this, a comprehensive summary of the potential sources of method biases and how to control for them does not exist. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to examine the extent to which method biases influence behavioral research results, identify potential sources of method biases, discuss the cognitive processes through which method biases influence responses to measures, evaluate the many different procedural and statistical techniques that can be used to control method biases, and provide recommendations for how to select appropriate procedural and statistical remedies for different types of research settings.
This article presents a framework for emotional intelligence, a set of skills hypothesized to contribute to the accurate appraisal and expression of emotion in oneself and in others, the effective regulation of emotion in self and others, and the use of feelings to motivate, plan, and achieve in one's life. We start by reviewing the debate about the adaptive versus maladaptive qualities of emotion. We then explore the literature on intelligence, and especially social intelligence, to examine the place of emotion in traditional intelligence conceptions. A framework for integrating the research on emotion-related skills is then described. Next, we review the components of emotional intelligence. To conclude the review, the role of emotional intelligence in mental health is discussed and avenues for further investigation are suggested.
Background:
Trait emotional intelligence (trait EI) is a personality dimension related to affect that has been shown to predict psychopathology. The objective of the present study was to examine the predictive validity of trait EI in explaining anxiety symptoms in family carers of people with dementia.
Methods:
A cross-sectional survey was conducted with a convenience sample of 203 dementia family caregivers. We used the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire - Short Form (TEIQue-SF) to measure trait EI in carers. The predictive validity of the scale in explaining anxiety was tested via regression analysis.
Results:
Bivariate correlational analysis indicated that lower levels of trait EI were related to higher perceived burden, higher anxiety and depression, and poorer self-rated health in carers. Multiple regression analyses indicated that trait EI was a significant predictor of anxiety symptoms after accounting for known factors influencing outcomes for caregivers. Trait EI also showed strong predictive validity in relation to psychosocial outcomes in carers.
Conclusions:
Trait EI plays an important role in predicting anxiety in dementia caregivers. Theoretical models and interventions aimed at carers of people with dementia should take into account aspects of personality.
This study investigated the role of ability and trait emotional intelligence (EI), fluid intelligence, and personality traits in career decision-making self-efficacy, career indecision and indecisiveness. The Advanced Progressive Matrices, Big Five Questionnaire, Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test, Bar-On Emotional Intelligence Inventory, Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire, Career Decision Self-Efficacy Scale: Short Form, Career Decision-Making Difficulties Questionnaire, and Indecisiveness Scale were administered to 194 Italian high school students. These results highlighted the potentially important role of self-reported EI in career decisions.
The present study was aimed at validating the Italian version of the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire–Adolescent Full Form (TEIQue–AFF), as well as at exploring its incremental validity over emotional maladjustment. To this end, a sample of 351 (163 males) Italian adolescents was collected. Overall, the Italian TEIQue–AFF both replicated the original-English four-factor structure (Well-Being, Self-Control, Emotionality, Sociability), and its construct validity was confirmed. However, reliability coefficients for eight facets and two factors were low. In addition, at all levels of analysis (i.e., global, factor, facet) the TEIQue–AFF was found to be a significant incremental predictor of adolescent’s emotional maladjustment, over and above gender, IQ, and the Big Five personality dimensions. At the factor level, significant effects were related to the contribution of the factor Well-Being thus supporting perspectives arguing for a further refinement of trait EI content domain. Implications of the findings are discussed.
This paper investigates the relationship between trait emotional intelligence (trait EI) and the Big Five factors, the Big Two and the Big One (i.e., General Factor of Personality; GFP). Comprehensive measures of trait EI (TEIQue) and the Big Five (NEO-PI-R) were applied to a sample of 289 university students (170 female). As expected by the trait EI theory, part of the construct’s variance was explained by a linear combination of the Big Five, while a distinct oblique trait EI factor was isolated in the Big Five factor space, in line with previous research. Trait EI positively correlated with the Big Two, namely Alpha/Stability and Beta/Plasticity. Finally, correlations between trait EI and the GFP were higher than those between GFP and the Big Five factors from which it was extracted. In addition, when GFP was extracted from the joint data set combining the Big Five factors of the NEO-PI-R and the dimensions (factors or facets) of the TEIQue, the highest loadings came from the latter, not from the former. Findings support the view that trait EI is a broad personality trait integrated into multi-level personality hierarchies and the idea that trait EI can be considered as a proxy of the GFP.
Publication bias remains a controversial issue in psychological science. The tendency of psychological science to avoid publishing null results produces a situation that limits the replicability assumption of science, as replication cannot be meaningful without the potential acknowledgment of failed replications. We argue that the field often constructs arguments to block the publication and interpretation of null results and that null results may be further extinguished through questionable researcher practices. Given that science is dependent on the process of falsification, we argue that these problems reduce psychological science's capability to have a proper mechanism for theory falsification, thus resulting in the promulgation of numerous "undead" theories that are ideologically popular but have little basis in fact.
© The Author(s) 2012.
Summaries of item properties for the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) are reported, based upon the responses of 99 male and 92 female undergraduate psychology students. Means, stan dard deviations, and internal consistencies were comparable to those already published, with the ex ception of lower reliabilities for the P and L scales. A high incidence of extreme p values and correla tion with social desirability was noted for the P scale. Item factor analyses at both the first- and third-order levels did not replicate the four-factor structure claimed by Eysenck; at best, four com ponents accounted for approximately 30% of the observed variance. Many items did not load in ac cordance with the EPQ scoring key, and many items did not load on an interpretable component. The question of difficulty factors is discussed: None were located. It is concluded that there is little em pirical support for the structure claimed for the EPQ.
This study explored the role of trait emotional intelligence (EI) in emotion regulation and performance under pressure. Twenty-eight tennis players performed two series of 35 serves, separated by a pressure manipulation. Reaction to pressure was assessed using both subjective (self-report emotion question-naire) and objective (cortisol secretion, tennis serve success) measures. The pressure manipulation was successful with observed increases in anxiety and decreases in self-confidence and tennis serve perfor-mance. Trait EI was found to predict cortisol secretion over state emotion measures. Performance under pressure was predicted by self-confidence and cortisol secretion, but not by trait EI. These findings pro-vide some preliminary evidence that trait EI and cortisol secretion are important in athlete responses to pressure situations.
This study aimed at investigating the relationships between academic performance (AP) and cognitive ability, personality traits, and trait emotional intelligence (trait EI or trait emotional self-efficacy) in a sample of 323 (113 female) university students in Cyprus. The study also explored differences across university majors (i.e., computer sciences, business and management, electrical engineering, tourism and marketing, law and accounting, and psychology) in trait EI profiles. Trait EI predicted AP over and above cognitive ability and established personality traits. In addition, there were differences across university majors in trait EI scores; psychology students scored higher on trait EI than computer science, electrical engineering, and business and management students. Implications for studying trait EI in the context of higher education are discussed.
This investigation sought to assess the congruence of the trait emotional intelligence (EI) sampling domain, reflected in the short form of the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (TEIQue; Petrides & Furnham, 2006), with the theoretical content of trait EI—namely, the range of personality traits implicated in emotions. First, associations of the TEIQue factors with Emotion-Oriented Coping (EOC) and Social Coping (SC) were compared. Three of the four TEIQue factors were stronger predictors of EOC than SC; only the Emotionality factor was a stronger predictor of SC. Also, Emotionality did not add to the prediction of EOC in a simultaneous regression with the other factors. Secondly, by means of Structural Equation Modelling, the 30-item composite and a theoretically altered 16-item composite were compared as mediators between the Big Five and the emotion-laden dimension of mental health. Even though all interpersonal items (i.e., those pertaining to Sociability and Emotionality) were omitted for the altered composite, it outperformed the original composite in predicting a latent mental health composite of Stress, Anxiety, and EOC. The results highlight the distinct nature of Emotionality and Sociability facets and have implications for the refinement of the trait EI content domain.
This study explores the relationship between Trait emotional intelligence (TEI), severity of symptoms associated with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD), difficulties in emotion regulation (ER), and mindfulness ability. Postal questionnaires were employed to compare these measures for those with a diagnosis of BPD and a non-clinical sample. Across the entire sample, low TEI was associated with greater BPD symptom distress, greater difficulties in ER, and decreased mindfulness ability. TEI was lower in those with a diagnosis of BPD, and TEI scores predicted BPD diagnosis with 95% accuracy. Although conclusions are tentative, TEI may offer a useful assessment and outcome measure in treatments for BPD. Future studies with a less heterogeneous and larger BPD sample are needed to explore further the links between TEI, ER, Mindfulness and BPD.
Emotional intelligence is a type of social intelligence that involves the ability to monitor one's own and others' emotions, to discriminate among them, and to use the information to guide one's thinking and actions (Salovey & Mayer, 1990). We discuss (a) whether intelligence is an appropriate metaphor for the construct, and (b) the abilities and mechanisms that may underlie emotional intelligence. © 1993.
