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Antiinflammatory activity of different fractions of Leucas aspera SPRENG
... [23] insecticidal. [24] anti-inflammatory. [25][26] , antimicrobial. ...
Leucas aspera is a locally available common medicinal plant in Tamilnadu. This plant is mainly used to treat snake bite, Common cold and sinus Problems by peoples and traditional medicinal practitioners belong to some tribal communities in rural India. Hence, the present study has been programmed to screen the functional group of phytocompounds present in this plant by FTIR analysis. The results obtanined from this study indicates that the Fraction I and II of methanol leaf extract of Leucas aspera contain the functional groups such as phenols, primary and secondary amines, alkynes, alkanes, nitro compounds, aliphatic amines and aromatic, alkyl halides.
... Species, e.g., L. lavandulaefolia, have been described to have hepatoprotective, antipyretic, anti-diarrheal, hypoglycemic, antitussive, and wound healing activities [2][3][4][5][6][7]. Moreover, L. aspera was found to have antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti nociceptive, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activities [8][9][10]. L. martini censis showed antibacterial, anthelmintic, and antimalarial activ ities [11][12][13]. ...
... Some plants or plant parts showing thrombolytic activity have also been reported. For example, plant extracts of Ageratum conyzoides L, Clausena suffruticosa, Leea indica and peel extract of Punica granatum showed a significant percentage of clot lysis compared to reference drug streptokinase [11][12][13]. Leucas aspera, belonging to the family of Labiatae, is a common aromatic herb. Traditionally, the whole plant is used for analgesic, antipyretic, antirheumatic, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial treatment. ...
Objective: The current study is an attempt to screen for the in vitro clot lysis and proteolytic activity of aqueous extract of Leucas aspera leaves. Methods: Thrombolytic activity and protease activity of the crude enzyme obtained by ammonium sulfate precipitation and dialysis were assayed using blood clot and casein as substrates respectively. Native PAGE and gel documentation studies were performed to calculate the molecular weight of the enzyme. Results: In the study, 40% salt fractioned crude enzyme sample exhibited significant thrombolytic and caseinolytic activity. Further dose-dependent increased activity was observed with the maximum lytic activity of 52.11±1.04 % at 1 mg/ml of the sample when compared to the reference drug streptokinase (71.39±0.32%). Also, 68.72±0.62 U/hr of caseinolytic activity was observed for 1 mg/ml of the sample fraction. Conclusion: The study highlights and validates the efficacy of Leucas aspera leaves extract for thrombolytic and proteolytic actions. Enzyme with an approximate molecular weight, 19.89 KDa could be responsible for the significant lytic activity.
... Plant leaves with varied medicinal potential have known to remedial for human beings. These leaves of plants were selected as Indian traditional medicinal plants they are known to possess useful biological properties like antioxidants, antiinflammatory, anticytotoxic, anticancer, hepatoprotective effects, etc. [1,2] Indian traditional medicinal plant Leucas aspera (Wild.) Linn. ...
Emerging drug advancements for anticancer research is need of the hour using the natural product and their bioactive molecules, among these some are highly potential to fight against cancers and exhibiting as biological agent. The current study was aimed to evaluate the 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, hydroxyl radical, nitric oxide scavenging antioxidant properties, in vitro cytotoxic and cell viability assay of ethanol extracts of the Indian medicinal plant Leucas aspera leaves compounds. The antioxidant property of the ethanol extract was determined two compounds flavonoids and alkaloids and studied for their antioxidant potential by 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydrogen peroxide radical and nitric oxide free radical scavenging assay and in vitro cytotoxic activity by 3-(4, 5-dimetylthiazol-2-yl)-2 and 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay using MCF-7 cell lines. The flavonoid compound exhibited maximum antioxidant activity than the alkaloid by comparing the standard gallic acid and also their IC50 concentration. The ethanol extracts of L. aspera leaves exhibited maximum DPPH scavenging property in flavonoid (90%) at 100 μg/mL concentration with an IC50 value 9.25 μg/mL. In cytotoxic assay to determine the % cell viability in MCF-7 cell line also exhibited maximum flavonoids compare to alkaloids, and it has been noticed that dose dependent activity of the compounds. MTT assay IC50 value 247.56 ug/ml was obtained for MCF-7 for flavonoids and 236.45 ug/ml was obtained for alkaloids compound with optimum effect on % cell viability. The results of this study conclude that Leucas aspera leaves possess the strong antioxidant and anticancer potential which are considered as active therapeutic agents.
... Antifungal activity: The various extracts of Ailanthus excelsa bark were also screened for antifungal activity 4 The antiinflammatory activity was studied by formalin induced rat hind paw oedema measured by plethysmograph (mercury displacement method) [7][8][9][10][11] . Wistar strain rats of either sex weighing between 150-200 g were divided into five groups of six animals each. ...
Various extracts of Ailanthus excelsa bark evaluated for antifungal at a dose 1 mg/ml, anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity at a dose 200 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg of body weight. The experimental methods were used cup plate method for antifungal and formalin induced rat hind paw oedema measured by plethysmograph (mercury displacement method) for anti-inflammatory and Tail flick method for analgesic activity. Flucanazole (1 mg/ml), diclofenac sodium (200 mg/kg, orally) and Novelgin (50 mg/kg, orally) clinically used drugs were used as standards. The ethyl acetate extract showed good antifungal activity against fungal strains A. terrus, A. niger and A. flavus at 1 mg/ml and the remaining extracts showed moderate activity compared to standard flucanzole. Extracts of Ailanthus excelsa bark showed significant anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity in the above study.
... topically on inflamed areas [3]; while the whole plant is used as insecticide, coughs, pain, and skin eruption [4]. The animal study with L. aspera revealed its anti-inflammatory activity through prostaglandin inhibition [5,6]. While the wound healing property was established in cobra venom poisoning model [7]. ...
Background: Leucas aspera (Family: Labiatae), commonly known as Darkolos is used for anti-pyretic, anti-rheumatic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-bacterial properties. The purpose of this study was to investigate the antinociceptive effects of methanolic extract of
L. aspera leaves (MELA) in mice models, to validate its traditional use.
Methods: Six different pain models were performed to determine the antinociceptive activity in mice using morphine sulphate (5
mg/kg) and diclofenac sodium (10 mg/kg) as the standard drugs. MELA was administered orally at the doses of 250, 500 and 750
mg/kg. To verify the possible participation of opioid receptor in the central antinociceptive effects of MELA naloxone was used as
antagonist.
Results: The results revealed that L. aspera possess notable antinociceptive activity in all the tested chemical and heat-induced pain
models in mice. In hot plate and tail immersion tests, the extract at 500 and 750 mg/kg exhibited significant (*p < 0.05) antinociceptive activity. In writhing test, we observed 33.05%, 59.79% and 82.74% inhibition. In formalin test, the extract repressed 50.40%,
62.11%, and 72.35% inhibition of licking for the first phase while late phase exhibited 67.23%, 74.57%, and 84.74% inhibition of
licking. The plant extract showed 24.39%, 60.05% and 80.96 % inhibition of licking in glutamate test. Similarly, cinnamaldehyde-induced nociception produced a significant (*p < 0.05) inhibition of 28.07%, 52.19% and 75%, respectively.
Conclusions: The antinociceptive activity of MELA is found to be exerted by the involvement of both peripheral and central mechanisms. Thus, our results provide evidence in support of the traditional use of MELA in painful disorders.
... The entire plant is used as an insecticide, coughs, pain, and skin eruption conditions [4]. The anti-inflammatory activity of this plant has been reported in animal behavioral models [5,6] through prostaglandin inhibition [7,8]. The plant has wound healing activity that is used in cobra venom poisoning [9]. ...
... In the present study anti inflammatory activity was determined in male Albino rats; following the method of Winter et al. (1962) using three animals in each group. Carrageenan (1% w/v suspension in normal saline) was injected to animals, in the right hind foot under the plantar aponeurosis (Goudgaon et al., 2003). The test groups (1 and 2) of rats were given orally 100 and 200 mg/kg of normal saline reconstituted mixture of extract of AR one hour before the carrageenan injection. ...
The dried rhizomes of Astilbe rivularis Buch-Ham ex D.Don have been traditionally used for the treatment of inflammatory diseases, headache and infertility from the ancient period in India. The physiological mechanisms of action, especially anti-inflammatory effect of this plant extract are not yet well understood. In this study, we examined the free radical scavenging effect and anti-lipid peroxidation in successively extracted, purified solvent fractions. The fractions execute significant free radical scavenging potentiality on DPPH (95.23%) at dose of 100 µg/ml, superoxide scavenging activity (80.40%) and anti-lipid peroxidation (45.83%) at the same doses, which are comparable with reference standard. We also investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of this plant extract on rat. The oral application at the dose of 100 mg and 200 mg/kg body weight of this plant extract promoted healing action (56.20 % inhibition at the dose of 200 mg/kg after 24 hrs) on carrageenan induced rat paw inflammation; which is also comparable with standard of non steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (Ibuprofen) 20 mg/kg body weight (48.18% inhibition after 24 hours). The observations from these studies suggest the ethno medicinal use of Astilbe rivularis which could be commercially exploited by the pharmaceutical industry.
... Species, e.g., L. lavandulaefolia, have been described to have hepatoprotective, antipyretic, anti-diarrheal, hypoglycemic, antitussive, and wound healing activities [2][3][4][5][6][7]. Moreover, L. aspera was found to have antimicrobial, antiinflammatory, antinociceptive, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activities [8][9][10]. L. martinicensis showed antibacterial, anthelmintic, and antimalarial activities [11][12][13]. ...
The essential oil of Leucas inflata Balf.f. (Lamiaceae), collected in Yemen, was analyzed using gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) techniques. Forty-three components were recognized, representing 89.2% of the total oil. The L. inflata volatile oil was found to contain a high percentage of aliphatic acids (51.1%). Hexadecanoic acid (32.8%) and n-dodecanoic acid (7.8%) were identified as the major compounds. Oxygenated monoterpenes were distinguished as the second significant group of constituents (16.0%). Camphor (6.1%) and linalool (3.2%) were found to be the main components among the oxygenated monoterpenes. In addition, the volatile oil was assessed for its antimicrobial activity against four bacterial strains and one yeast species using broth micro-dilution assay for minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC). In addition, antioxidant activity was measured utilizing the anti-radical activity of the sable free radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and β-Carotene-linoleic acid assays. The oil of L. inflata showed an excellent antibacterial activity against only the tested Gram-positive bacteria with a MIC-value of 0.81 mg/mL. Furthermore, the oil demonstrated, at a concentration of 1 mg/mL, a weak to moderate antiradical and antioxidant activity of 38% and 32%, respectively.
... The flowers of L. aspera are used as a stimulant, expectorant, aperient, diaphoretic and as an insecticide [19]. The leaves are reported to possess anti-inflammatory activity [20], and to be a rich source of antioxidants [18,21]; the juice from the leaf is used for indigenous treatment of psoriasis, chronic skin eruptions and chronic rheumatism [22] and is reported to be an antibacterial agent [23]. ...
Modern herbal medicine has played a significant role in treating oxidative stress and related complications. In the present investigation, gas chromatography-mass spectrometric analysis of ethanolic extracts of the leaf and of the root of Leucas aspera (L. aspera) (Willd.) Link separately showed the presence of various phytoconstituents; major components have already been reported to possess various biological, including antioxidant, activities. Of the two extracts analyzed, the root extract exhibited more potential antioxidant activity than did the leaf extract. Since this finding correlated with more perceptible amounts of antioxidant components being detected in the ethanolic extract of L. aspera root, the root extract was evaluated for possible anticataractogenic potential in cultured Wistar rat lenses. Following incubation of Wistar rat lenses for 24 h at 37 °C in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM), gross morphological examination revealed that none of the eight lenses incubated in DMEM alone (Group I) exhibited any opacification (Grade 0), whereas all eight lenses incubated in DMEM that contained sodium selenite (100 μM selenite/ml of DMEM) (Group II) exhibited thick opacification (Grade +++). In contrast, only one out of eight lenses incubated in DMEM containing sodium selenite (100 μM selenite/ml of DMEM) and simultaneously exposed to the L. aspera root extract (300 μg/ml of DMEM) (Group III) exhibited a slight degree of opacification (Grade +) after 24 h incubation, while the remaining seven lenses did not show any opacification (Grade 0). The mean activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione-S-transferase and the mean level of reduced glutathione were all significantly (p
... Thumbai ver Root Leucas aspera Antiinflammatory, [83] Antibacterial [84] 31 ...
... Glycosmis pentaphylla commonly known as toothbrush plant or orange berry, is used in fever, liver disorders, cough and jaundice as a tonic and appetizer to women after delivery. 12,13 Chitra et al 14 reported that carbazole is one of the active constituent of leaf extract of G. pentaphylla. But the effects of Glycosmis pentaphylla against heavy metal toxicity in general and arsenic toxicity particular is scarcely available in literature..Therefore the present work was undertaken to examine beneficial effects of G.pentaphylla in arsenicosis . ...
Arsenic poisoning is one of the major causes of chronic human illness and mortality in Bengal Delta plain
with limited treatment options.The present study was conducted to evaluate the ameliorating effect of
Glycosmis pentaphylla (Rutaceae) leaf extract against sodium arsenite (NaAsO2) induced toxicity. Forty
eight adult albino rats were divided into four groups viz.,G0,G1,G2 and G3.Sodium arsenite was
administered @ 4mg/kg daily in drinking water in groups G1, G2 and G3 for 90 days; the control group(G0)
received water for 120 days.The G1 group of animals received water, instead of arsenic during 91-120
days , while rats of group G2 and G3 were orally treated with plant leaf extract at 320 mg/kg (1/10
th LD50)
and 160 mg/kg (1/20
th LD50) respectively daily during the period. Analysis of arsenic concentrations in
tissue samples,hair and faeces showed that treatment with G. pentaphylla leaf extract significantly
(p<0.05) reduced arsenic accumulation in tissues, hair and in faeces. A significantly (p<0.05) higher
organo-arsenic fraction and lower arsenite and arsenate fraction was also observed in G. pentaphylla leaf
extract treated group(G2 &G3). The study showed that oral treatment with G.pentaphylla leaf extract could
ameliorate induced arsenicosis.
... [6] anti-inflammatory. [7,9] antimicrobial. [10,17] and antioxidant. ...
Leucas aspera Linn. has been used in ayurvedic medicine for treatment of various ailments. An attempt has been made to optimize different extraction conditions for leucas aspera linn. Hence, it helps for the extraction of the phytochemical constituents and which is used for standardization of chromatographic techniques. Chromatographic fingerprint analysis of herbs and herbal drugs represents a comprehensive qualitative approach for the purpose of species authentication, evaluation of quality and ensuring the consistency and stability of herbs, herbal drugs and their related products. Therefore, aim of this study was to develop the high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fingerprint profile of dried whole plant extract of leucas aspera linn. In the present research article HPTLC and HPLC fingerprint profile of raw material from whole plant of leucas aspera linn. in methanolic extract. HPTLC and HPLC method for the separation of active phytochemical constituents in leucas aspera linn. extracts has been developed. For HPTLC of these extracts was performed on silica gel 60F 254 by semi-automatic applicator and using solvent system toluene: ethyl acetate: methanol (7:2:1, v/v/v) and for HPLC mobile phase A: 0.1% formic acid in water and B:acetonitrile were used. Hence, it was concluded that the established fingerprint provide theoretical and technical support for routine quality control, species identification, authentification and was appropriate for standardization of drug.
... In traditional medicine, this plant is used as an antipyretic and insecticide (3). Diverse biological activities such as antioxidant (4)(5)(6), antibacterial (4), hepatoprotective (5), antinociceptive, cytotoxic (6), larvicidal, pupicidal (7), anti-inflammatory (8,9), analgesic (9) and anthelminthic (10) have been reported. The major volatile constituents α-farnesene, α-thujene and menthol from leaves, while amyl propionate and isoamyl propionate from flowers of L. aspera have been reported from India (11). ...
Leucas aspera (Willd.) Link (Lamiaceae) is an annual, branched herb used in traditional medicine as an antipyretic and insecticide. The
hydro-distilled essential oil was obtained from the aerial parts of L. aspera growing wild in North West Karnataka region of India and analyzed by gas chromatography equipped with flame ionization detector
and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Forty-three compounds were identified, representing 98.1% of the total
oil. The main constituents were identified as β-caryophyllene (34.2%), 1-octen-3-ol (14.8%), α-humulene (6.3%), α-pinene (5.8%),
epi-α-bisabolol (4.6%) and limonene (4.5%). The oil was found to be rich in sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (47.7%), followed by others
(long chain hydrocarbons (LCH), oxygenated LCH and phenyl derivative constituents) (20.2%), monoterpene hydrocarbons (14.8%),
oxygenated sesquiterpenes (14.8%) and oxygenated monoterpenes (0.6%) type compounds.
... [6] anti-inflammatory. [7,9] antimicrobial. [10,17] and antioxidant. ...
Leucas aspera linn. is commonly called as 'Pandharpheda' and is widely distributed throughout south India, having many medicinal properties. A sensitive, simple and accurate HPTLC method has been established for identification and quantification of beta-sitosterol from leucas aspera linn. whole plant powder. Quantification was carried out on pre-coated plate of HPTLC silica gel 60 F 254 using mobile phase (toluene: ethyl acetate: formic acid, 12:7:1,v/v/v). CAMAG scanner IV set at visible light (520nm) for detection and quantification. The percentage concentrations of the beta-sitosterol were found to be 0.0672.Response was linear over the range of 0.1µg to 0.5µg with 0.66 and 0.314 of %CV respectively.CAMAG TLC-MS interface was used for the confirmation of m/z values of beta-sitosterol in standard as well as sample. The m/z value was found to be 397(M+H +-H 2 O). The method i.e. HPTLC and TLC-MS together provides a rapid and secure method for detection, identification and quantification of biomarker beta-sitosterol. KEY WORD: Leucas aspera linn., CAMAG HPTLC, CAMAG TLC-MS interface, Shimadzu
... In Indian traditional medicine, the leaf juice of Leucas aspera is used to treat psoriasis, chronic skin eruptions, and chronic rheumatism (Kirtikar and Basu, 1991). Anti-inflammatory activity of various aerial parts of Leucas aspera has been reported (Goudgaon et al., 2003). The ethanolic extract of roots of the plant has been shown to contain antinociceptive, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities (Rahman et al., 2007). ...
Lucas aspera (Willd.) Linn. is a potential folklore medicinal plant (Lamiaceae) used as an antipyretic and insecticide. In this study, fatty acid esters, fatty acid amide, triterpene, diterpene alcohols and phytol were identified as the major chemical groups in the methanol fractions of L.aspera leaf extracts. Their structures were elucidated, on the basis of GC-MS data, Phytol (24.55%), 9, 12, 15-Octadecatrienoic acid, methyl ester (z, z, z) - (22.97%), n-Hexadecanoic acid (17.17%), Squalene (5.28%) and 1, 2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis(2-methylpropyl) ester (4.44%).
... Srinivas et al. (2000) showed that a dose of 50 mg/kg of Leucas aspera dried leaf powder, in 2% gum acacia showed significant anti-inflammatory activity which was found to be better than acetylsalicylic acid in the carrageenin induced paw edema model and less active than phenylbutazone, when tested in cotton pellet induced granuloma in rat model. Goudgaon et al. (2003) reported that, the anti-inflammatory activity of Leucas aspera is mainly due to its alkaloidal component and the tannins present have no role. In later studies of bioactivity guided isolation of active compounds from Leucas aspera, Sadhu et al. (2003Sadhu et al. ( , 2006 reported that, methanol extract of the whole plant at 3x10 -5 g/ml concentration possess inhibitory activity against both PGE1-and PGE2-induced contractions in guinea pig ileum and the isolated compound (3-O-β-Dglucosyl(1→2)-β-D-glucoside) was found to be mainly responsible for this activity. ...
Plants of genus Leucas (Lamiacae) are widely used in traditional medicine to cure many diseases such as cough, cold, diarrhoea and inflammatory skin disorder. A variety of phytoconstituents has been isolated from the Leucas species which include lignans, flavonoids, coumarins, steroids, terpenes, fatty acids and aliphatic long chain compounds. Anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antidiarrhoeal, antimicrobial, antioxidant and insecticidal activities have been reported in the extracts of these plants and their phytoconstituents. An overview of the ethnobotanical, phytochemical and pharmacological investigations on the Leucas species is presented in this review.
... Apart from this, the entire plant is also used as an insecticide and indicated in traditional medicine for coughs, colds, painful swelling and chronic skin eruption [12] . Its anti-inflammatory activity has been shown in animal models [13,14] through prostaglandin inhibition [15,16] . The plant possesses wound healing property and is used in cobra venom poisoning [17] . ...
Cited By (since 1996):6, Export Date: 18 October 2014
... The plant is an erect or diffusely branched, annual herb and leaves are linear, blunt-tipped and the margins scalloped. L. aspera possesses different activities especially anti-inflammatory activity and is used against cobra venom poisoning and also as an analgesic [2] . Preliminary chemical examination of L. aspera revealed presence of triterpenoids in entire plant. ...
In this study, Leucas aspera whole plant methanolic extract were examined for their phytochemical profile by high-performance thin layer chromatographic (HTPLC) method. Alkaloids, Steroids and Flavonoids profile were analysed. Our results revealed that at least two types of alkaloids were seen in this methanolic extracts. Six types of flavonoids and two types of steroids were found in the Leucas aspera whole plant methanolic extract. Alkaloid and flavonoid were found to have higher concentration when compared to steroids which were in lower concentration in the methanolic extract.
... The aqueous layer was neutralized by adding 10 per cent sodium carbonate (10 ml) solution and then kept for 5 days in a freezer and filtered. Then, two fractions namely, solid and ethereal fractions were obtained (Goudgaon et al., 2003). Both these fractions were kept in a desiccator and stored in a freezer bath at -20ºC. ...
The acaricidal activity from alkaloid and non-alkaloid fractions of Leucas indica were studied against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus tick using adult immersion test under laboratory conditions. For this purpose, the engorged female R.(B.) annulatus tick were exposed to two fold serial dilutions of alkaloid extract (50 mg/ml, 25 mg/ml, 12.5 mg/ml, 6 mg/ml and 3 mg/ml) using 'dipping method' in vitro. The efficacy was assessed by measuring the percentage of adult mortality, inhibition of fecundity and hatching rate. The alkaloid fraction of the extract produced concentration dependent delayed adult tick mortality. The extract at a concentration of 50 mg/ml demonstrated 66.67 per cent mortality and 55.16 per cent inhibition of fecundity. Nicotine was identified as one of the compounds of alkaloid fraction. However, it did not reveal any acaricidal activity when tested in vitro at concentrations ranging from 62.5-1000 μg/mL. Hence, the acaricidal action of L. indica is not due to nicotine. Non alkaloid fraction also did not reveal any acaricidal effects against R. (B.) annulatus tick.
... The plant is an erect or diffusely branched, annual herb and leaves are linear, blunt-tipped and the margins scalloped. L. aspera possesses different activities especially anti-inflammatory activity and is used against cobra venom poisoning and also as an analgesic [2] . Preliminary chemical examination of L. aspera revealed presence of triterpenoids in entire plant. ...
In this study, Leucas aspera whole plant methanolic extract were examined for their phytochemical profile by high-performance thin layer chromatographic (HTPLC) method. Alkaloids, Steroids and Flavonoids profile were analysed. Our results revealed that at least two types of alkaloids were seen in this methanolic extracts. Six types of flavonoids and two types of steroids were found in the Leucas aspera whole plant methanolic extract. Alkaloid and flavonoid were found to have higher concentration when compared to steroids which were in lower concentration in the methanolic extract.
... Apart from this, the entire plant is also used as an insecticide and indicated in traditional medicine for coughs, colds, painful swelling and chronic skin eruption [12] . Its anti-inflammatory activity has been shown in animal models [13,14] through prostaglandin inhibition [15,16] . The plant possesses wound healing property and is used in cobra venom poisoning [17] . ...
To investigate the antioxidant, antibacterial and cytotoxic activity of whole Leucas aspera (Labiatae) (L. aspera) alcoholic extract.
Whole L. aspera powder was extracted by absolute ethanol (99.50%). The ethanolic extract was subjected to antioxidant, antibacterial and brine shrimp lethality assay.
The extract showed potent radical scavenging effect (antioxidant) with IC50 value of (99.58±1.22) µg/mL which was significant (P<0.01) in comparison to ascorbic acid with IC50 value of (1.25±0.95) µg/mL. In case of antibacterial screening, the extract showed notable antibacterial effect against the tested microbial strains. Significant (P<0.05) zone of inhibitions against Gram positive Bacillus subtilis [(12.00±1.32) mm] and Bacillus megaterium [(13.00±1.50) mm], Staphylococcus aureus [(8.00±0.50) mm] and Gram negative Salmonella typhi [(6.00±0.50) mm], Salmonella paratyphi [(8.00±1.00) mm], Shigella dysenteriae [(9.00±1.32) mm] and Vibrio cholerae [(9.00±0.66) mm] was observed. In brine shrimp lethality bioassay, the extract showed the LC50 value as (181.68±2.15) µg/mL which was statistically significant (P<0.01) compared to positive control vincristine sulfate [LC50=(0.76±0.04) µg/mL].
The results demonstrate that the ethanolic extract of L. aspera could be used as antibacterial, pesticidal and various pharmacologic actives.
... Traditionally, the whole plant is taken orally for analgesic, antipyretic, antirheumatic, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial treatment and its paste is applied topically to inflamed areas [5] . Its anti-inflammatory activity has been shown in rats [6,7] through prostaglandin inhibition [8,9] . The entire plant is also used as an insecticide and indicated in traditional medicine for coughs, colds, painful swelling and chronic skin eruption [10] . ...
To evaluate antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity of different parts (root, flower, leaf and stem) of Leucas aspera (L. aspera) (Labiatae).
Different parts of L. aspera were extracted with 80% (v/v) methanol. The methanol extracts were subjected to antioxidant, antimicrobial and brine shrimp lethality assay.
All the extracts showed moderate to potent antioxidant activity, among which the root extract demonstrated the strongest antioxidant activity with the IC50 value of 6.552 µg/mL. Methanol extract of root possessed antioxidant activity near the range of vitamin E and thus could be a potential rich source of natural antioxidant. In case of antimicrobial screening, crude extracts of root, flower, leaf and stem showed notable antibacterial activity against tested microorganisms. The root extract showed the highest mean zone of inhibition ranging from 9.0-11.0 mm against tested microorganisms, at a concentration of 100 mg/mL. In the brine shrimp lethality bioassay, it was evident that the methanol root extract did not show significant toxicity. The LC50 value for 12 h and 24 h observation was 2.890 mg/mL and 1.417 mg/mL, respectively.
The present finding suggests that the methanol root extract of L. aspera could be developed as pharmaceutical products.
... [90] Goudgaon et al. reported that the anti-infl ammatory activity of Leucas aspera is mainly due to its alkaloidal component, and the tannins present have no role. [91] Sadhu et al. reported that methanol extract of the whole plant at 3 ´ 10-5 g/mL concentration possesses inhibitory activity against both PGE1-and PGE2-induced contractions in guinea pig ileum, and the isolated compound (3-O-b-Dglucosyl (1®2)-b-D-glucoside) was found to be mainly responsible for this activity. [36,66] Manivannana and Sukumar reported that the bioactive constituents (baicalein and baicalin) of Leucas aspera fl owers exhibited signifi cant RBC membrane stabilizing activity. ...
Plants of genus Leucas (Lamiaceae) are widely distributed throughout Asia, Africa, and India. The plant is used in traditional medicine to cure many diseases such as cough, cold, diarrhea, and inflammatory skin disorder. A variety of phytoconstituents have been isolated from the Leucas species, which include lignans, flavonoids, coumarins, steroids, terpenes, fatty acids, and aliphatic long-chain compounds. Anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-diarrheal, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and insecticidal activities have been reported in the extracts of these plants and their phytoconstituents. An overview of the ethnobotanical, phytochemical, and pharmacological investigations on the Leucas species is presented in this review.
... The juice of the leaves is used as local application for psoriasis, chronic skin eruptions and chronic rheumatism 1 . Anti-inflammatory and analgesic potential of various extracts of Leucas aspera Spreng was studied [2][3][4] . This study, therefore, intends to investigate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of the leaves of Leucas cephalotes by studying the effects of different solvent extracts of the plant leaves on carrageenan induced inflammation in experimental animal models, in order to confirm the medicinal properties of the plant. ...
Leucas cephalotes (Labiatae) is an annual herb found in Uttarakhand and throughout India as a weed in cultivated fields, wastelands and roadsides. In the present investigation the phytochemical screening of the crude methanolic extract of leaves was done by conventional methods and anti-inflammatory activity of crude, alkaloid, aqueous, hexane, petroleum ether and non alkaloid fractions of the leaves were investigated using carrageenan induced rat paw edema method. The results showed that alkaloidal fractions of the leaves causes significant reduction in inflammation i.e 80 % (100 mg/kg) followed by crude methanol extract i.e 61 % (100 mg/kg) and aqueous extract i.e 58 % (100 mg/kg) as compared to standard anti-inflammatory drug aspirin i.e 68.62% (25mg/kg). However, non alkaloidal, hexane and petroleum ether fractions did not show any anti-inflammatory activity irrespective of the time intervals. Thus crude methanolic extract and alkaloidal fractions of leaves of the plant can be fully explored for its anti-inflammatory potential.
... Antiinflammatory activity of various aerial parts of Leucas aspera has been reported (Goudgaon et al., 2003). The ethanolic extract of roots of the plant has been shown to contain antinociceptive, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities (Rahman et al., 2007). ...
Leucas aspera (Willd.) Link (Lamiaceae) and Lannea coromandelica (Houtt.) Merr. are two fairly common medicinal plants used by the folk medicinal practitioners of Bangladesh. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the antihyperglycemic effects of methanol extract of leaves and stems of Leucas aspera and bark of Lannea coromandelica in oral glucose tolerance tests conducted with glucose-challenged Swiss albino mice. The methanol extracts of leaves and stems of Leucas aspera, when studied separately, both demonstrated significant and dose-dependent reductions in serum glucose levels in glucose-loaded mice. At the highest dose tested of 400 mg extract per kg body weight, the methanol extract of leaves and stems, respectively, caused 34.01% and 28.39% reductions in serum glucose levels compared to control mice. In comparison, the standard antihyperglycemic drug, glibenclamide, when administered at a dose of 10 mg per kg body weight caused a 42.10% reduction in serum glucose levels. Dose for dose, the leaf extract of Leucas aspera was more potent in reduction of serum glucose levels than stem extract. The bark extract of Lannea coromandelica, when administered to glucose-loaded mice also demonstrated dose-dependent and significant reductions in serum glucose levels. At the highest dose tested of 400 mg extract per kg body weight, the extract caused a 29.80% fall in serum glucose levels. In conclusion, the leaves and stems of Leucas aspera and the bark of Lannea coromandelica can form the subject of further scientific studies in the quest for better antidiabetic drugs.
... The plant is an erect or diffusely branched, annual herb and leaves are linear, blunt-tipped and the margins scalloped. L. aspera possesses anti-inflammatory activity and is used against cobra venom poisoning and also as an analgesic (Goudgaon, Basavaraj, & Vijayalaxmi, 2003). Our study aimed to investigate the antioxidant properties of plant extracts of L. aspera leaves and isolation, identification and characterisation of the bioactive compound. ...
Herbal plants are integral parts of the traditional medicine worldwide and most of the rural and urban population uses these plants in many of their regular needs even today. The current researchers are more focused on natural chemicals than the synthetic chemicals due to their environmental, economical and health benefits. Plants produce many chemical compounds for its biological activities including defence mechanism against microbes, insects and herbivorous animals and these chemicals are called as phytochemicals. Herbal plants are a natural source of many important phytochemicals and widely used in Pharmaceutical, food and cosmetic industries. A wide variety of herbal plants are available in the Indian subcontinent and they are the backbone of Indian traditional medicines Ayurveda and Siddha. Leucas aspera Linn., commonly known as Thumbai or Dronpushpi is a small, erect, branched annual aromatic herb, distributed throughout India from the Himalayas down to Ceylon. Though it grows as a weed throughout the country, it has a number of medicinal values and it is used in traditional medicine to treat many diseases. The study of various biological properties of this plant will be useful for its potential use in respective industries. Medicinally, it has been proven to possess various pharmacological values like antifungal, antipyretic, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antinociceptive, analgesic, antidiarrheal, insecticidal, antiinflammatory and cytotoxic activity in a number of studies by different researchers in the past several years. The available reports on antimicrobial activity, antioxidant activity and pharmacological value of L. aspera are discussed in this review.
Sesbania grandiflora (Linn.) Poiret it’s one of the important medicinal plant, comparatively studied through in vitro tissue culture technique, seeds selected, standardized in suitable MS medium for multiple in vitro shoot production by in vitro seedling increased biomass yield of calli on PGRs and different in vitro explants. Different solvent extracts of seed and in vitro calli involved in TPC, proline, free radical scavenging potentials, dot-plot assay and FRAP assay. Utmost in vitro seed germination was observed on MS medium supplemented with BAP (0.1 mg/L; 36.15%) in IAA (0.1 mg/L; 34.21%), uppermost callus formation was observed in internode on 2,4-D (0.5 mg/L; 52.3%), less callus formation was node on NAA (0.5 mg/L; 31.3%). good friable callus was obtained on 2,4-D (3 mg/L), compact callus showed in BAP (1 mg/L). Greatest shoot initiation was observed in BAP (0.1 mg/L; 95.2%) and in NAA (0.1 mg/L; 72.6%), topmost root induction; IBA (2.5 mg/L; 77.3%), highest PTC content was measured in seeds (17.15 mg/g) and in dried calli (15.22 mg/g), premier ferric reducing was estimated in dried calli (236 mg/g), main scavenging was observed on chloroform seed extract (97.15%), in methanol seed extracts (94.51%). Based on PCA further confirmed all phytochemical analysis methods inter linked with each other. In this study focussed tissue culture techniques, extract bioactive compounds for medical purposes, pharmacy, different industries, and conserve natural environments endemic, rare, threatened and endangered medicinal plants.
Leucas aspera (Willd.) Linn. is an important medicinal plant, efficient protocol was developed through MS medium. Leaves, node and internodes explants are used for plant tissue culture. Calli, organogenic calli, root induction was observed. Different organic solvents are used for extraction of wild plant and in vitro calli. All the extracts were focused in different biological studies antibacterial, antifungal, antiangiogenesis. After five days incubation callus induction was observed on auxins NAA, 2,4-D and IBA in different concentrations (0.5–2.5 mg/L). Elevated calli formation was observed from leaf explants on MS medium with NAA (2 mg/L) (80.76%) followed by 2,4-D (2.0 mg/L) (72.15%), less callus formation (38.32%) was observed in IBA (2 mg/L). The utmost root formation was obtained on IBA (2 mg/L) (76.72%) and the number of roots also obtained per callus, per callus showed 27.43%, followed by IAA (2 mg/L) (67.22%). In hexane extract (leaf and stem) highest antimicrobial activity was observed on stem against C. Krusei (14 mm) followed by in vitro calli and leaf extracts showed against E. coli (12 mm). Methanol leaf and stem extracts showed excellent inhibitory activity followed by chloroform and acetone. L. aspera should be considered as a useful source of material due to synergetic activity for human health as antimicrobial and antiangiogenic agent.
Anti-inflammatory and antipyretic potential of ethyl acetate, methanol and aqueous extracts of fruiting bodies of Pleurotus eous were investigated. The dried fruiting bodies of P.eous were extracted with ethyl acetate, methanol and water. The anti-inflammatory effect of the extracts of was performed by carrageenan induced rat paw edema and formalin induced paw edema at doses 500 and 1000mg/kg b.w. The antipyretic effects of extracts of P. eous were investigated at doses 250,500 and 1000mg/kg b.w. using yeast induced pyrexia in rats. P. eous extracts produced significant (P<0.05) dose-dependent inhibition of both phases of the formalin induced pain response in comparison with control. In carrageenan test the extracts caused a significant (P<0.05) inhibition of pain at both the doses used. It also showed significant (P<0.05) reduction in hyperpyrexia in rats throughout the observation period of 5hrs.The results of present study suggest that extracts of P. eous possess potent anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects and could serve as a base for future drugs.
This study indicates that Leucas aspera and Glycosmis pentaphylla extracts have good antipyretic activity. Ethanolic extract of Leucas aspera and Glycosmis pentaphylla exhibited significant anti-pyretic activities in Brewer's yeast induced pyrexia in rats. The maximum antipyretic activity throughout the test period of 6 hours was produced by ethanolic extract of plant Leucas aspera (200 mg/kg) and standard (paracetamol treated) group. In general, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs produce their antipyretic action through the inhibition of prostaglandin synthetase within the Hypothalamus. Therefore, the antipyretic activity of extracts of Leucas aspera and Glycosmis pentaphylla is probably by inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis in hypothalamus.
Antioxidants activities from plants sources have attracted a wide range of interest across the world in recent times. This is due to growing concern for safe and alternative sources of antioxidants. In this study the effectiveness of antioxidant property of Achyranthes aspera L. plant was evaluated by quantification of different phytochemicals such as Phenolics, Vitamins, Enzymes from various plant parts at different phases of life cycle. A. aspera., is a good source of Alkaloids, Anthracene Derivative, Cardiac Glycosides Diterpenoids, Phenolic Acids and Polyphenols, Saponines & Sapogenins, Steroids, Sequiterpene Lactones, Triterpenoids and flavonoids. The range for Total Phenolic Content is 0.85-2.88 mg/g, Bound Phenol Content2.33-4.81 mg/g P, Orthodihydroxy Phenol Content 0.06-0.63mg/g, Tannin content 2.58-8.40mg/g, Flavonols 4.69-13.70mg/g, Quinines 0.002-0.07mg/g, Vitamine A 0.12-0.68 units/mL, Vitamine B3.73-97.96 ug/100g, Vitamine C 83.33-194.44 mg/100g, Ascorbic acid oxidase 0.003-0.005 μ mole ascorbic acid disappeared/min/mg, Catalase 0.1-0.2 units/1min/0.250 gm of sample, Peroxidise 0.002-0.066 units/5 min/0.250gm of sample and Polyphenol oxidase 0.103-1.616 units/3 min/250 mg of plant sample. The results suggest that A. aspera is very rich in antioxidant compounds worthy of further investigations.
Spherical shaped cerium dioxide (CeO2) nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized via bio mediated route using Leucas aspera (LA) leaf extract. The NPs were characterized by PXRD, SEM, UV-Visible techniques. Photoluminescence (PL), photocatalysis and antibacterial properties of NPs were studied. PXRD patterns and Rietveld analysis confirm cubic fluorite structure with space group Fm-3m. SEM results evident that morphology of the NPs was greatly influenced by the concentration of LA leaf extract in the reaction mixture. The band gap energy of the NPs was found to be in the range of 2.98-3.4eV. The photocatalytic activity of NPs was evaluated by decolorization of Rhodamine-B (RhB) under UVA and Sun light irradiation. CeO2 NPs show intense blue emission with CIE coordinates (0.14, 0.22) and average color coordinated temperature value ∼148,953K. Therefore the present NPs quite useful for cool LEDs. The superior photocatalytic activity was observed for CeO2 NPs with 20ml LA under both UVA and Sunlight irradiation. The enhanced photocatalytic activity and photoluminescent properties were attributed to defect induced band gap engineered CeO2 NPs. Further, CeO2 with 20ml LA exhibit significant antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli (EC) and Staphylococcus aureus (SA). These findings show great promise of CeO2 NPs as multifunctional material for various applications.
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The utility of natural products with therapeutic properties is as ancient as human civilization. For a prolonged
time, the plant, animal and mineral products were the major sources of drugs. Plant source is the
primeval source of drugs as most of the medicines (http://howmed.net/pharmacology/drug/) in earliest Q2
times were discovered from plants. Almost all parts of the plants are used i.e. flowers, leaves, stem, bark,
fruits and roots, rhizomes, blubs etc. in drug discovery. Flowers are the gift of nature and God kingdom to
beautify the atmosphere around the globe throughout all the times. They proliferate fragrance all around
along with wind and also have medicinal values. In this review, an attempt has been done to emphasize the
phytopharmacological status of several medicinally important flowers such as pharmacological profile
like anti-anxiety, anticancer, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, aphrodisiac, anti-arthritic,
diuretic, anthelmintic, immunomodulatory, anti-microbial along with its effective dosage. We have also
summarized the presence chemical constituents and extracts, which were used for the pharmacological
evaluations. Flowers are beautiful creature of spiritual power and phytopharmacological review pave a
way of inspiration for drug discovery from their lap of flora.
Although the majority of serious cases in the world are concerned with snake bite envenomation, but those which are caused by scorpion stings are also famous for causing extreme pain. The present view is an attempt to enlist scientifically ignored medicinal plants of Pakistan exhibiting anti-scorpion venom activity. In this review data of 35 medicinal plants is collected with their families, parts used, distribution in Pakistan, and major constituents present in plant. Amaranthaceae, Astraceae and Euphorbiaceae represent 3 species. Anacardiaceae, Asclepidaceae and Liliaceae represent 2 species. Araceae, Capparidaceae, Ceasalpinaceae, Cyperaceae, Labiatae, Lamiaceae, Meliaceae, Menispermaceae, Oleaceae, Oxalidaceae, Pinaceae, Polygonaceae, Rhamnaceae, Rubiaceae, Solanaceae, Valerianaceae and Zingiberaceae represented single medicinal plant with anti scorpion potential. According to literature, all parts are used in anti scorpion envenomination. Leaves exhibit 30%, whole plant 9%, fruit, bark and seeds 8% anti scorpion activity. Bulb and stems show 5% contribution in this respect and twigs, resins, inflorescence, latex and flowers express 3% potential. This article may assist the researchers to bring innovation in natural product field for scorpion bite envenomation. However, these medicinal plants are still requiring pharmacological and phytochemical investigation in order to be claimed as effective in scorpion bite envenomation.
Mosquito-borne diseases are endemic in more than over 100 countries, causing mortality of nearly two million people every
year, and at least one million children die of such diseases each year, leaving as many as 2,100 million people at risk around
the world. Mosquitoes are associated with the transmission of malaria, dengue, Japanese encephalitis, filariasis and other
viral diseases throughout the globe, apart from being a nuisance insect. Vector control, using agents of chemical origin,
continues to be practiced in the control of vector-borne diseases. However, due to some drawbacks including lack of selectivity,
environmental contamination, and emergence and spread of vector resistance, development of natural products of plant origin
with insecticidal properties have been encouraged in recent years for control of a variety of pest insects and vectors. The
work herein is based on activities to determine the efficacies of hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, acetone and methanol
extracts of medicinal plants tested against blood-sucking parasites.
To investigate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential of ethanolic extract of Leucas aspera (EELA) in adjuvant arthritis.
Complete Freund's adjuvant served to induce arthritis. EELA was administered in two doses along with vehicle control (0.1% carboxymethyl cellulose) and positive control (Diclofenac). Levels of tumour necrosis factor (TNF-)-α, C-reactive protein (CRP), Interleukin-2 (IL-2), Cathepsin D, activities of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT) were estimated in plasma/hemolysate and tissue. HPLC analysis of EELA was also performed.
EELA exhibited significant anti-inflammatory (p<0.001) and antioxidant activity (p<0.001). It did not show mortality up to 2000 mg/kg body weight. Histopathological studies confirmed complete cartilage regeneration and near normal joint in EELA2 treated arthritic rats.
This study highlighted the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of Leucas aspera. Three major families of compounds present in EELA may explain these activities: catechins (epicatechin, beta epicatechin), flavonoids (procyanidin), phytosterols (beta-sitosterol) apart from glycosides, phenolic compounds and tannins.
Ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of five medicinal plants have been screened for in vivo antiinflammatory activity in albino rats. Methanol extract of Aegle marmelos and ethyl acetate extract Atalantia monophylla showed significant antiinflammatory activity at a dose of 100 mg/kg.
Four different crude extracts petroleum ether, chloroform, ethanol and water of Leucas aspera Spreng were investigated for antiinflammatory and analgesic activities in albino rats and mice, respectively at a dose of 400 mg/kg body weight, orally. Ethanol and distilled water extracts exhibited significant antiinflammatory activity, whereas significant analgesic effect was shown by petroleum ether and ethanol extract when compared with respective controls and were comparable with those of standard drugs, diclofenac sodium and analgin.