Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam.) Kurz.: Phytochemical and pharmacological profile: A review
Abstract
Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam.) Kurz ( Crassulaceae) is a perennial herb growing widely and used in folkloric medicine in tropical Africa, tropical America, India, China, and Australia. The divine herb contains a wide range of active compounds, including alkaloids, triterpenes, glycosides, flavonoids, steroids, bufadienolides, lipids and organic acids, have been isolated from this species. The plant is widely used in traditional medicine for the treatment of variety of ailments and well known for its haemostatic and wound healing properties. The pharmacological studies are reviewed and discussed, focussing on that different extracts from this plant have been found to possess pharmacological activities as immunomodulator, CNS depressant, analgesic, antimicrobial, antiinflammatory, antiallergic, antianaphylactic, antileishmanial, antitumorous, antiulcerous, antibacterial, antifungal, antihistamine, antiviral, febrifuge, gastroprotective, immunosuppressive, insecticidal, muscle relaxant, sedative. However, future efforts should concentrate more on in vitro and in vivo studies and also on clinical trials in order to confirm traditional wisdom in the light of a rational phytotherapy. The present review is an attempt to highlight the various ethnopharmacological and traditional uses as well as phytochemical and pharmacological aspects of B. pinnatum and to discuss them.
... The traditional use of B. pinnatum and related species in tropical countries goes far back and its range of indications is wide: treatment of wounds, bruises and insect bites (Agoha, 1973); gastrointestinal diseases such as diarrhea, flatulence and vomiting due to its astringent effects (Kamboj and Saluja, 2009); hypertension and urinary disorders (Lans, 2006). Anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial and anti-viral effects of preparations from B. pinnatum seem to support some of these uses (Kolodziejczyk-Czepas and Stochmal, 2017). ...
Dysmenorrhea affects women throughout their reproductive years but there has been a lack of effective and well-tolerated treatment options. Pain symptoms mainly result from inflammatory processes and increased contractile activity in the myometrium. The reported use of Bryophyllum pinnatum preparations against inflammation and pain in ethnomedicine as well as current pharmacological data on their inhibition of myometrial contractility led us to hypothesize that this medicinal plant might be a new treatment option for dysmenorrhea. In the first part of the present work, clinical, in vivo, and in vitro studies on the anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory, as well as on myometrium relaxing properties of B. pinnatum are reviewed. In the second part, cases of five women with dysmenorrhea who were tentatively treated with a B. pinnatum product are described. The review revealed thirty-three experimental in vivo and in vitro studies, but no clinical study, reporting anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of B. pinnatum extracts and compounds in a wide range of conditions. Moreover, sixteen publications on smooth muscle contractility revealed relaxing effects. The latter consisted of clinical evidence, as well as of in vivo and in vitro data. The evidence reviewed therefore provided a rational basis for the use of B. pinnatum in the treatment of dysmenorrhea. We subsequently set out to tentatively treat patients with a well-tolerated B. pinnatum product that is registered (without indication) and commonly used in obstetrics and gynecology in Switzerland. All five treated patients reported a reduction in pain symptoms and 4 out of 5 indicated a reduced intake of painkillers during menstruation. Taken together, the reviewed information on the pharmacological properties and clinical evidence of B. pinnatum extracts and compounds as well as the outcomes of all five patients in the case series support our hypothesis in favor of B. pinnatum as a new, well-tolerated therapeutic approach for dysmenorrhea. Prospective clinical studies are urgently needed.
... Furthermore, PKL is widely accepted and appreciated for its medicinal effectiveness against antiviral and antibacterial outbreaks. 19 PKL also allows the flexible synthesis of various metal-based nanoparticles, which will have various applications in pharmaceutical inhibitors, catalytic materials, and materials for optoelectronics devices. Especially in the last decade, PKL has been highly used in the area of electrochemistry for producing materials with voltage regulation, capacity, and energy efficiency, as well as for enhancing the performance of existing materials. ...
In this cutting-edge research era, silver nanoparticles impose a substantial impact because of their wide applicability in the field of engineering, science, and industry. Regarding the vast applications of silver nanoparticles, in this study, the crystallographic characteristics and nanostructures of silver nanoparticles extracted from natural resources have been studied. First, biosynthetic silver nanoparticles were synthesized using the Pathor Kuchi leaf (PKL) extract as a mediator, and their crystal structures and characteristics were analyzed by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. The average crystallite size of the synthesized silver nanoparticle was determined to be 20.26 nm, and also the lattice strain, intrinsic stress, and dislocation density were measured to be 2.19 × 10-3, 0.08235 GPa, and 3.062045 × 10-3/nm2, respectively. Further, the prepared sample of silver nanoparticles shows four peaks in the X-ray diffraction pattern, which correspond to the (111), (200), (220), and (311) face-centered cubic (FCC) crystalline planes. The outstanding finding of this work was that when the lattice parameters of the precursor were increased, the volume of the material did not considerably change, but the particle size decreased. Second, it was clearly demonstrated that this straightforward method is a clean, cost-effective, environmentally sustainable, nontoxic, and efficient route for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) using PKL leaf at ambient temperature, which also satisfies the green chemistry requirements. Finally, this study demonstrates the scope for the production of silver nanoparticles using low-cost natural resources.
... The stem has thin-walled cells located deep in the epidermis. These cell walls are impregnated with resin, forming a thin layer that can reduce liquid evaporation [94][95][96]. ...
Species of the genus Kalanchoe have a long history of therapeutic use in ethnomedicine linked to their remarkable healing properties. Several species have chemical and anatomical similarities, often leading to confusion when they are used in folk medicine. This review aims to provide an overview and discussion of the reported traditional uses, botanical aspects, chemical constituents, and pharmacological potential of the Kalanchoe species. Published scientific materials were collected from the PubMed and SciFinder databases without restriction regarding the year of publication through April 2023. Ethnopharmacological knowledge suggests that these species have been used to treat infections, inflammation, injuries, and other disorders. Typically, all parts of the plant are used for medicinal purposes either as crude extract or juice. Botanical evaluation can clarify species differentiation and can enable correct identification and validation of the scientific data. Flavonoids are the most common classes of secondary metabolites identified from Kalanchoe species and can be correlated with some biological studies (antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial potential). This review summarizes several topics related to the Kalanchoe genus, supporting future studies regarding other unexplored research areas. The need to conduct further studies to confirm the popular uses and biological activities of bioactive compounds is also highlighted.
... It is used for a wide range of diseases and has been found to have antibacterial, antileishmaniasis, and antimutagenic effects, as well as hepatoprotective and nephroprotective effects. B. Pinnatum can be beneficial in the treatment of SLE due to its anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects [354]. The effect of B. pinnatum on SLE has been investigated. ...
The Latin word lupus, meaning wolf, was in the medical literature prior to the 1200s to describe skin lesions that devour flesh, and the resources available to physicians to help people were limited. The present text reviews the ethnobotanical and pharmacological aspects of medicinal plants and purified molecules from natural sources with efficacy against lupus conditions. Among these molecules are artemisinin and its derivatives, antroquinonol, baicalin, curcumin, emodin, mangiferin, salvianolic acid A, triptolide, the total glycosides of paeony (TGP), and other supplements such as fatty acids and vitamins. In addition, medicinal plants, herbal remedies, mushrooms, and fungi that have been investigated for their effects on different lupus conditions through clinical trials, in vivo, in vitro, or in silico studies are reviewed. A special emphasis was placed on clinical trials, active phytochemicals, and their mechanisms of action. This review can be helpful for researchers in designing new goal-oriented studies. It can also help practitioners gain insight into recent updates on supplements that might help patients suffering from lupus conditions.
... The stem has thin-walled cells located deep in the epidermis. These cell walls are impregnated with resin, forming a thin layer that can reduce liquid evaporation [95][96][97]. ...
Species of the genus Kalanchoe have a long history of therapeutic use in ethnomedicine linked to their remarkable healing properties. Several species have chemical and anatomical similarities, often leading to confusion when they are used in folk medicine. This review aims to provide an overview and discussion of the reported traditional uses, botanical aspects, chemical constituents, and pharmacological potential of the Kalanchoe species. Published scientific materials were collected from the PubMed and SciFinder databases without restriction regarding the year of publication through April 2023. Ethnopharmacological knowledge suggests that these species have been used to treat infections, inflammation, injuries, and other disorders. Typically, all parts of the plant are used for medicinal purposes either as crude extract or juice. Botanical evaluation can clarify species differentiation and can enable correct identification and validation of the scientific data. Flavonoids are the most common classes of secondary metabolites identified from Kalanchoe species and can be correlated with some biological studies (antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial potential). This review summarizes several topics related to the Kalanchoe genus, supporting future studies regarding other unexplored research areas. The need to carry out further studies to confirm the popular uses and biological activities of bioactive compounds is also highlighted.
... However, there might be possible limitations to its effectiveness in human nutrition due to the fact that it could cause cardiac poisoning in grazing animals (Reppas, 1995 ). The phytochemical profiling of aqueous extract of the leaf of B. pinnatum revealed that it contains terpenoids, alkaloids, lipids, steroids, fatty acids, bufadienolides, phenolics, and flavonoids (Kamboj & Saluja, 2009;Oso, 2020). These phytochemicals are known to contribute immensely to the antioxidant properties of natural materials. ...
This study investigated the effect of different extraction solvents on the phenolic contents (TPC), antioxidant activities, and anti-inflammatory potentials of dried-leaf extracts of Bryophyllum pinnatum Lam . The analyses were performed spectrophotometrically, using a Folin-Ciocalteau reagent for the estimation of the total phenolic contents. The ferric reducing power (FRP) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assays were carried out to assess the antioxidant activities of aqueous, ethanolic, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane extracts of the plant, whereas the stabilization of heat-treated albumin and inhibition of protease action were performed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory potentials of the extracts. The results obtained indicate that the solvent nature significantly influenced the amount of TPC, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potentials of the extracts. The aqueous extract had the highest TPC. The FRP was equally high in the aqueous and ethanol extracts. The ethanolic extract had the highest radical scavenging activity and anti-inflammatory potentials. The results show that water and ethanol could be suitable solvents for the extraction of bioactive compounds from the dried leaf of B. pinnatum vis-à-vis antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potentials.
... Bryophyllum pinnatum is the member of the Crassulaceae family and is widely used as a traditional medicine in several parts of India, primarily to cure kidney stones (Kamboj et al., 2009). About 25 plant species make up the subgenus Bryophyllum, including Bryophyllum pinnatum. ...
In traditional medicine, Bryophyllum pinnatum was frequently employed. They are particularly prevalent in tropical regions of Asia, India, and Africa. The plant is also known as Parnabeeja and used by the locals of southern India and Bengal as a treatment for the kidney problems. It is an herb with variegated leaves and elliptic leaflets. The basic compounds presence in the plant is phenols, alkaloids, flavonoids, triterpenes, lipids, organic acids, and glycosides. It is frequently used to treat wound healing and homeostasis. It is also utilized medical conditions like CNS depressive, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antiallergic, nephroprotective, hepatoprotective, and antiulcer agent. The chemical components, medical applications and biological activity of plants are highlighted in this survey of plants.
A wound is a disruption of the cellular and anatomic continuity of a tissue, with or without microbial infection. The perennial plant Kalanchoe pinnata (Bryophyllum) is a member of the Crassulaceae family. The present study was based on the quality standardisation and comparative study of leaf and root of Kalanchoe pinnata in the treatment of wound healing on albino rats. The plant was gathered in Uttarakhand, Dehradun, India. The plant leaves were used after being thoroughly rinsed in water. Additionally, the root was scrubbed and allowed to dry at room temperature in the shade and/or away from the sun. The plant was identified and authenticated by Dr Sunita Garg (Reference No. NIScPR/RHMD/Consult/2023/4486-87). The leaves and roots of Kalanchoe pinnata were extracted using methanol solvent. Physicochemical and phytochemical screening was done for both the extracts. The Methanolic extract of Kalanchoe pinnata root and leaf (5% Ointment Topical Application for 15 days) was assessed and compared for its wound healing activity on excisional wound healing animal using Albino rats. GC-MS analysis of the MEKP spectral spectrum showed, the presence of eight essential ingredients was shown as flavone with a retention time of 16.08 and a peak area of 11.9%, palmitic acid with a retention time of 16.73 and a peak area of 8.4%, and phytol with a retention time of 17.82 and a peak area of 39.8%. etc. It was found that MEKP Leaf (5% Ointment) showed superior contraction of wound and faster epithelialization compared to MEKP Root (5% Ointment). Our findings support the possibility of using this plant therapeutically in routine medical care. By following these recommendations, we can drive the development of safe, effective, and accessible phytoconstituent-based wound healing agents.
Purpose: The study aimed to document wild food plants usefulness in boosting immunity, fighting COVID-19 and other related viruses. The study also examined the diversity, distribution, parts used and season of availability of wild food plants that can be useful in boosting immunity to fight COVID-19. Subjects and Methods: The study was conducted in Himachal Pradesh (300 22' 40" to 330 12' 40" N Latitudes and 750 45' 55" to 790 04' 20" E Longitudes) northwest Himalaya from March 2020 to April 2021 by survey, sampling and interviewing knowledgeable persons through a questionnaire for the plants which are traditionally used as tonic and medicine to cure cough, cold and fever. Plants rich in antioxidant, Vitamin A,C and Zn were documented for their potential to boost immunity. Results: Ninety-five wild edible plants have been documented in this study belonging to forty families and seventy-seven genera. Family Asteraceae is found dominant, represented by 8 species followed by Lamiaceae (7 sp), Rutaceae and Brassicaceae (represented by 6 species each). Among genus, Ficus is found dominant represented by 4 species followed by Amaranthus, Oxalis, Rumex and Citrus (represented by 3 species each). These plants have been documented based on their medicinal and nutritive value like the richness in antioxidants, their ability to act as a body cleanser, cure common cold, cough and fever (Symptom similar to COVID-19) as revealed by a discussion with locals and literature reviews. These plants can be incorporated in our day-to-day life as a food, flavoring agent, or food supplement to boost immunity, fight COVID-19 or future challenges like COVID-19. Traditional knowledge of using these plants is on a sharp decline and their acceptability as a medicinal herb, food plants, or food supplement is the need of the hour to combat present and future challenges of pandemic COVID-19. Conclusion: Revitalization of our traditional health care and herbal healing with the use of nutritionally important medicinal wild food plants will be helpful to boost immunity and face ongoing and future challenges of pollution, stress, depression and pandemic like COVID-19. This can be done by the addition of documented plants as food and food supplements with some modern twist to our food plate.
The effect of Bryophyllum pinnatum leaves extract on indomethacin induced gastric ulceration was determined using 25 male albino rats. Animals were divided into 5 groups of 5 animals each. The control group received 0.5 mL of distilled water and varying doses of the extract were used for the remaining groups (10-40 mg kg-1 body weight). The result showed a significant reduction (p<0.05) in incidence of ulceration and mean basal and histamine (1 mg kg-1) stimulated gastric acid secretion in a dose dependent manner thus justifying the use of Bryophyllum pinnatum as an anti-ulcer agent in folklore medicine.
The new third edition of the Foster and Duke Field Guide to Medicinal Plants has been expanded to include 60 new species not found in previous editions. The book includes 531 species accounts with information on 588 medicinal plant species. With 705 color photographs by Steven Foster, over 88% of the images are new. Over 66% of the plants in the book are native species, while 33% represent non-native, mostly European and Asian aliens.
The repellent effects of the extracts of Xanthium strumarium fruits and leaves dilueted with 1/6, 1/8, 1/10 water (w/v) for fruits and 1/6, 1/8 (w/v) for leaves were investigated with randomised plot design and 25 replicates under laboratory conditions. Insecticidal effect was also studied in laboratory. It was found that insecticidal effect was low, where as repellent effect was quite high. On the other hand, the effect of 1/6 concentration of fruit extract against adult and larvae of Colorado Potato Beetle was investigated under field conditions and the repellent effect was confirmed.
Due to lack of information, a phyto-sociological survey was conducted in wastelands of Raipur district during kharif 1996 to 1998. The survey revealed that about 27 weed species were found associated with Parthenium hysterophorus during rainy season. Among all weeds, Parthenium hysterophorus and Cassia tora had high degree of sociability and formed into large colonies under arable soil habitats. The data on distribution pattern revealed that Parthenium hysterophorus, Cassia tora and Achyranthes aspera recorded higher Importance Value and were found dominant. The high relative dominance of Parthenium was attributed to its high frequency, aggressiveness and allelopathic effects on neighbouring plants. The study suggested that there is a strong need to start an Integrated Parthenium Management Programme in district.
Se indagó sobre la actividad antiinflamatoria de extracto fluido de las hojas de Siempreviva (Bryophyllum pinnatum) frente al edema por carragenina en ratas de un peso promedio de 200-250 g. Se pudo constatar que el extracto fluido con 4,5 % de sólidos totales, en dosis de 100 mg/kg de peso tiene efectividad antiinflamatoria.The anti-inflamatory activity of the fluid extract of the leaves of Siempreviva (Bryophyllum pinnatum) against the edema caused by carrageen in rats with an average weight of 200-250 g, was investigated. It was confirmed that the fluid extract with 4.5 % of total solids at doses of 100 mg/kg of weight has an anti-inflammatory effect.