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Accepted by J. O'Hara: 8 Dec. 2014; published: 25 Jun. 2015
ZOOTAXA
ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition)
ISSN
1175-5334
(online edition)
Copyright © 2015 Magnolia Press
Zootaxa 3978 (1): 001
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362
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Monograph
http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3978.1.1
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ZOOTAXA
Nomenclatural Studies Toward a World List of Diptera Genus-Group Names.
Part IV: Charles Henry Tyler Townsend
NEAL L. EVENHUIS
1
, ADRIAN C. PONT
2
& DANIEL WHITMORE
3
1.
J. Linsley Gressitt Center for Entomological Research, Bishop Museum, 1525 Bernice Street, Honolulu, Hawai‘i 96817-2704, USA;
email: NealE@bishopmuseum.org
2.
Oxford University Museum of Natural History, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PW, UK; email: pont.muscidae@btinternet.com
3.
Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK; e-mail: d.whitmore@nhm.ac.uk
Magnolia Press
Auckland, New Zealand
3978
EVENHUIS ET AL.
2
·
Zootaxa 3978 (1) © 2015 Magnolia Press
NEAL L. EVENHUIS, ADRIAN C. PONT
& DANIEL WHITMORE
Nomenclatural Studies Toward a World List of Diptera Genus-Group Names. Part IV: Charles Henry
Tyler Townsend
(Zootaxa 3978)
362 pp.; 30 cm.
25 Jun. 2015
ISBN 978-1-77557-735-5 (paperback)
ISBN 978-1-77557-736-2 (Online edition)
F
IRST
P
UBLISHED I
N
2015 B
Y
Magnolia Press
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ISSN 1175-5326 (Print edition)
ISSN 1175-5334 (Online edition)
Zootaxa 3978 (1) © 2015 Magnolia Press
·
3
CHARLES HENRY TYLER TOWNSEND
Table of contents
Abstract.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5
Biography. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Early Years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
North American Years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
First Peruvian Trip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Was h i ngt o n, D.C. Years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Back to South America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19
Last Years at Fazenda Casa Grande Velha. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21
Major Diptera Works. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23
Taxonomy of muscoidean flies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Manual of myiology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23
The 800-mph Fly Controversy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24
Relations with Colleagues. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Applied Entomological Work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Boll Weevil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Gypsy Moth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32
Verruga . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Collections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35
Context of Catalog. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35
Format of Catalog.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Catalog of the Diptera Genus-Group Names of Charles Henry Tyler Townsend. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
List of Diptera Genus-Group Names of Townsend by Family . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288
List of Diptera Genus-Group Names Incorrectly Attributed to Townsend. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .293
Index of Diptera Species-Group Names Proposed by Townsend . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .295
Acknowledgments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .309
References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .309
Appendix I. Explanations for New Synonymies Listed in the R
EMARKS
and E
MENDATIONS
Sections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329
Appendix II. Complete Bibliography of Charles Henry Tyler Townsend. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .331
Appendix III. List of Abbreviations Used by Townsend. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .356
Abstract
The Diptera genus-group names of Charles Henry Tyler Townsend are reviewed and annotated. A total of 1506 available
genus-group names in 12 families of Diptera are listed alphabetically for each name, giving author, year and page of
original publication, originally included species, type species and method of fixation, current status of the name, family
placement, and a list of any emendations of it that have been found in the literature. Remarks are given to clarify
nomenclatural and/or taxonomic information. In addition, an index to all the species-group names of Diptera proposed by
Townsend (1595, of which 1574 are available names) is given with bibliographic reference (year and page) to each
original citation. An appendix with a full bibliography of almost 650 papers written by Townsend is presented with
accurate dates of publication.
Two new replacement names are proposed for preoccupied genus-group names and both are named to honor our
good friend and colleague, James E. O’Hara, for his decades of work on tachinids: Oharamyia Evenhuis, Pont &
Whitmore, n. name, for Lindigia Townsend, 1931 [Tachinidae] (preoccupied by Karsten, 1858); Jimimyia Evenhuis,
Pont & Whitmore, n. name, for Siphonopsis Townsend, 1916 [Tachinidae] (preoccupied by Agassiz, 1846).
Earlier dates of availability are found for the following: Eucnephalia Townsend, 1892 [Tachinidae]; Gabanimyia
Townsend, 1914 [Tachinidae]; Incamyia Townsend, 1912 [Tachinidae]; Muscopteryx Townsend, 1892 [Tachinidae];
Philippolophosia Townsend, 1927 [Tachinidae]; Pseudokea Townsend, 1927 [Tachinidae].
Corrected or clarified included species and/or corrected or clarified type-species and methods of typification are
given for: Alitophasia Townsend, 1934 [Tachinidae]; Almugmyia Townsend, 1911 [Tachinidae]; Arachnidomyia
Townsend, 1934 [Sarcophagidae]; Austenina Townsend, 1921 [Glossinidae]; Austrohartigia Townsend, 1937
[Sarcophagidae]; Awat ia Townsend, 1921 [Muscidae]; Azygobothria Townsend, 1911 [Tachinidae]; Brachymasicera
Townsend, 1911 [Tachinidae]; Calocarcelia Townsend, 1927 [Tachinidae]; Cnephalodes Townsend, 1911 [Tachinidae];
Cyacyrtoneura Townsend, 1931 [Muscidae]; Cyrtoneuropsis Townsend, 1931 [Muscidae]; Cyrtosoma Brauer &
Bergenstamm, 1893 [Tachinidae]; Epiphyllophila Townsend, 1927 [Tachinidae]; Eucalodexia Townsend, 1892
[Tachinidae]; Eumesembrina Townsend, 1908 [Muscidae]; Eumyobia Townsend, 1911 [Tachinidae]; Eusisyropa
Townsend, 1908 [Tachinidae]; Gabanimyia Townsend, 1914 [Tachinidae]; Galactomyia Townsend, 1908 [Tachinidae];
Girschneria Townsend, 1919 [Tachinidae]; Gymnochaetopsis Townsend, 1914 [Tachinidae]; Himantostomopsis
EVENHUIS ET AL.
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Zootaxa 3978 (1) © 2015 Magnolia Press
Townsend, 1921 [Tachinidae]; Incamyia Townsend, 1912 [Tachinidae]; Lithoexorista Townsend, 1921 [Tachinidae];
Muscopteryx Townsend, 1892 [Tachinidae]; Myocuphocera Townsend, 1931 [Tachinidae]; Myxexoristops Tow nsend,
1911 [Tachinidae]; Neojurinia Townsend, 1914 [Tachinidae]; Newsteadina Townsend, 1921 [Glossinidae]; Ommasicera
Townsend, 1911 [Tachinidae]; Ophirion Townsend, 1911 [Tachinidae]; Ophiriodexia Townsend, 1911 [Tachinidae];
Ophiriosturmia Townsend, 1911 [Tachinidae]; Opsozelia Townsend, 1919 [Tachinidae]; Paleotachina Townsend, 1921
[Tachinidae]; Palexorista Townsend, 1921 [Tachinidae]; Phasiatacta Townsend, 1911 [Tachinidae]; Philippolophosia
Townsend, 1927 [Tachinidae]; Phrissopolia Townsend, 1908 [Tachinidae]; Pseudokea Townsend, 1927 [Tachinidae];
Pygocalcager Townsend, 1935 [Tachinidae]; Trichobius Townsend, 1891 [Hippoboscidae]; Villeneuvia Townsend, 1921
[Tachinidae]; Zonoepalpus Townsend, 1927 [Tachinidae]; Zygosturmia Townsend, 1911 [Tachinidae].
The following names previously treated as available are shown to be unavailable.—Genera: Denatella Townsend,
1931, n. stat. [Calliphoridae]; Epseudocyptera Townsend, 1927, n. stat. [Tachinidae]; Eustomatodexia Townsend, 1892,
n. stat. [Tachinidae].—Species: Epseudocyptera epalpata Townsend, 1927, n. stat. [Tachinidae]; Eustomatodexia
insulensis Townsend, 1892, n. stat. [Tachinidae].
The following genus-group names, not listed in previous regional catalogs, are treated here: Arabisca Tow n s e n d ,
1935 [Sarcophagidae]; Eupeleteria Townsend, 1908 [Tachinidae]; Macropatelloa Townsend, 1931 [Tachinidae];
Neohypostena Townsend, 1915 [Tachinidae]; Neometapodia Townsend, 1892 [Sarcophagidae]; Tricyclopsis Tow nsend,
1916 [Calliphoridae]; Trongia Townsend, 1916 [Calliphoridae].
Previous First Reviser actions for multiple original spellings that were overlooked by other workers are given for the
following: Genus-group names—Microchaetona Townsend, 1919 [Tachinidae]; Neopodomyia Townsend, 1927
[Tachinidae]; Opsophytopsis Townsend, 1918 [Sarcophagidae]; Prohypotachina Townsend, 1933 [Tachinidae];
Rhinomyodes Townsend, 1933 [Tachinidae]; Servilliodes Townsend, 1926 [Tachinidae]; Tephromyiella Townsend, 1918
[Sarcophagidae]; Thelairochaetona Townsend, 1919 [Tachinidae]; Xanthopteromyia Townsend, 1926 [Tachinidae].
Species-group names—Brachybelvosia brasiliensis Townsend, 1927 [Tachinidae]; Neocraspedothrix nova Tow n s e n d ,
1927 [Tachinidae].
The following nominal genera enter into new synonymies: Bathytheresia Townsend, 1915 under Billaea Robineau-
Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Brachycoma Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889 under Brachicoma Rondani, 1856, n.
syn. [Sarcophagidae]; Chaetolyga Brauer, 1880 under Carcelia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Tachinidae];
Chaetoprosopa Marschall, 1873 under Choeteprosopa Macquart, 1851, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Chlororhynchomyia
Senior-White, Aubertin & Smart, 1940 under Metallea Wulp, 1880, n. syn. [Rhiniidae]; Chrysomyia Macquart, 1835
under Chrysomya Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Calliphoridae]; Echinomyia Fischer von Waldheim, 1808 under
Echinomya Latreille, 1805, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Euhypochaetopsis Townsend, 1928 under Campylocheta Rondani,
1859, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Graphomyia Macquart, 1834 under Graphomya Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn.
[Muscidae]; Kurintjimyia Townsend, 1926 under Tachina Meigen, 1803, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Labidigaster Macquart,
1844 under Labigastera Macquart, 1834, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Mellanactia Guimarães, 1971 under Oxynops Tow n s e n d ,
1912, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Ochromia Townsend, 1935 under Bengalia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Tachinidae];
Pachyrrhina Osten Sacken, 1881 under Nephrotoma Meigen, 1803, n. syn. [Tipulidae]; Procraspedothrix Townsen d,
1932 under Phytomyptera Rondani, 1844, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Pseudogymnosoma Townsend, 1918 under Neomyia
Walker, 1859, n. syn. [Muscidae]; Pseudoservillia Townsend, 1916 under Tachina Meigen, 1803, n. syn. [Tachinidae];
Rhymosia Mik, 1886 under Rymosia Winnertz, 1863, n. syn. [Mycetophilidae]; Rhynchomyia Macquart, 1835 under
Rhyncomya Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Rhiniidae]; Servillioides Townsend, 1926 under Tac hina Meigen, 1803,
n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Servilliopsis Townsend, 1916 under Tac hina Meigen, 1803, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Stephanostoma
Cole, 1923 under Bercaea Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863, n. syn. [Sarcophagidae]; Stomatorhinia Townsend, 1935 under
Stomorhina Rondani, 1861, n. syn. [Rhiniidae]; Toxorrhina Osten Sacken, 1869 under Toxorhina Loew, 1850, n. syn.
[Limoniidae]; Trichoneura Townsend, 1935 under Stevenia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Rhinophoridae];
Trichopticus Schnabl, 1889 under Thricops Rondani, 1856, n. syn. [Muscidae]; Tricyclopsis Townsend, 1916 under
Paracalliphora Townsend, 1916, n. syn. [Calliphoridae].
Key words: nomenclature, biography, bibliography, genera
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5
CHARLES HENRY TYLER TOWNSEND
Introduction
“Even Francis Walker was never guilty of an offense against
entomological science equal to this.” —W.R. Walton, 1914
“The publication of such trash is most unfortunate.” —J.D. Sherman, 1926
FIGURE 1. Portrait of C.H.T. Townsend, 1903 (from Field & Stream, 1903).
Charles Henry Tyler Townsend (1863–1944) (Fig. 1) was one of the most prolific publishers of oestroid taxa,
publishing over 3,100 new genus-group and species-group names in Diptera (especially the higher Diptera) during
his 55 years of work in entomology. He is best known for his work on higher Diptera, but he also figured
prominently in the beginnings of research on controlling the cotton boll weevil and in the uses of biological agents
and chemicals in the control of various pests of agricultural crops in North and South America. He had a brilliant
mind and was an obsessively meticulous worker, but was not necessarily well-versed in proper social skills. Many
times he was given a problem and was able to quickly come up with a creative, yet well thought-out solution,
especially with regard to economic entomology problems. However, when it came to his views on taxonomy and
classification, he had a much more difficult time convincing others of his ideas (some of his views and remarks
toward others engendering the quotes above)—so much so that he published his magnum opus, the massive twelve-
part Manual of myiology, at his own expense through a local printer, because he had trouble finding anyone else
who would publish it. The last volume (Townsend, 1942c) of the Manual was his pièce de résistance and was a
culmination of decades of research on subjects tangential to oestroid flies including treatises on gravity, the
evolution of humans, the mechanics of flight, as well as some rather fanciful theories on terrestrial biogeography
and the origin of the moon.
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In his over half a century of entomological work, he published almost 650 papers on all aspects of
entomology with a number of small one- and two-page notes on various biological observations and host records.
To say that he had a “busy pen” (Walton, 1914: 164) is an understatement. It is almost unfathomable to understand
how a father of seven children (for 8 years after his first wife died raising two of them himself) could publish so
many papers on so many subjects and simultaneously keep up with the literature on all the subjects upon which he
published and still have time for a number of lengthy collecting trips, public presentations, professional meetings,
and social events. For example, in just one single year—1893—he published over 120 papers and notes in 16
different scientific journals, and items of economic importance in local newspapers.
Arnaud (1958) was the first to enumerate all the genus-group and species-group names proposed by
Townsend and did extensive research to give a full bibliography of his works. He listed 1491 genus-group names,
1555 species-group names, and 522 bibliographic entries. In this study, we review 1506 nomenclaturally available
Diptera genus-group names as well as all the nomenclaturally unavailable genus-group names that Townsend
proposed or listed. Genus-group entries are presented alphabetically and list all originally or first-included species,
type species, current status, family placement, and emendations that we have been able to locate. A list of 1595
available and unavailable species-group names of Diptera proposed by Townsend is also given with date and page
combinations that link to the original publication of these nominal species in the references section. Additionally, a
full bibliography of all written works by Townsend (646) is given in Appendix II.
Biography
1
Early Years
Charles Henry Tyler
2
Townsend was born on 5 December 1863 in the college town of Oberlin, Ohio, just outside of
Cleveland. He was the youngest of four children (born 15 years after his nearest sibling in age, Caroline Isabella
Townsend), the son of Nathan Haskin Townsend (1815–1893), a traveling book agent, and Helen Jenette [or
Jeanette] Tyler (1818–1893), Nathan’s second cousin twice removed. Little is known about Charles’s ancestors on
his mother’s side (there is an Asa Tyler born in Massachusetts in 1708), but on his father’s side, genealogy research
shows that the Townsends are apparently of mixed Saxon and Norman ancestry. Charles’s immediate heritage can
be traced back to a William Townsend born in 1550 in Buckinghamshire, England (Fig. 2 is the Townsend family
crest). Apparently, that lineage derived originally from a Sir Lodivac [Ludovic, Lodovic] de Townshende
[Tunneshende], a Frenchman who, around 1200, moved to eastern England to reside on a large estate in Raynham,
Norfolk, previously owned by William the Conqueror (Townsend, 1991). The lineage that gave rise to C.H.T.
Townsend (a Martin Townsend) came to Massachusetts in 1688. In addition to his aristocratic English ancestry, there
was an American great-grandfather, Enoch Haskin, who had fought in the Revolutionary War (1776–1779), which
allowed Charles to apply for and become a member of the Sons of the American Revolution in 1895.
The work of Charles’s father involved traveling, which resulted in the family living in a few different
residences (New York, Ohio, Kansas) before settling in the small village of Constantine in southern Michigan, near
the Indiana border, where Charles graduated from Constantine High School in 1882.
In 1873 and 1874, the Townsend family was temporarily in Lawrence, Kansas, staying with Charles’s
sister Caroline and her husband Joseph Edgar Bartlett, a music professor at Kansas State University. Caroline was
seriously ill at the time and eventually died on 26 August 1874 at only 26 years of age. During these years in
1. The brief biography of Townsend in Evenhuis (2013) was extracted from this larger biography.
2. How Townsend wrote his name differed depending on where he was employed and when (cf. Figs. 3–4). Most of his early
papers and signatures have his name as “C.H. Tyler Townsend” (and his early reprints have a rubber stamped signature as
such) and there are a few that have just “Tyler Townsend” or “T.T.” (those in Insect Life and Psyche in particular), while
later papers and signatures have him as “C.H.T. Townsend” or “Charles H.T. Townsend”. The use of “Tyler Townsend”
may have been in order to distinguish him from a contemporary zoologist with a very similar name, Charles H[askins]
Townsend (1859–1944), mammalogist and ornithologist (also employed around that same time in Washington, D.C.), and
eventual director of the New York Aquarium. Interestingly, his use of “Tyler Townsend” ceased upon his return from his
two-year trip to the Philippines, whereupon his papers started to use “Charles H.T. Townsend”. For some unexplained
reason, in his later papers, especially in his Manual, Townsend abbreviated his surname as “TT” (for “Tyler Townsend”).
Possibly this was the childhood name he preferred or maybe it was to honor his mother’s maiden name.
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CHARLES HENRY TYLER TOWNSEND
Kansas, Charles apparently spent time with his brother-in-law at the University, and it was there, at only ten years
of age, that he showed an early inquisitiveness of science.
FIGURE 2. Townsend family crest.
After initially making collections of fossils and geological specimens, he began his study of insects in
1873 under the guidance of George Franklin Gaumer
1
(1850–1929) (Townsend, 1934j, 1943b; Burke, 1997).
Gaumer was a student at Kansas State University at that time and president of its Natural History Society
1
, but later
became a general naturalist and dealer in natural history specimens based in Lawrence, Kansas. Gaumer was an
avid general insect collector in the 1890s and specimens he collected feature in many papers of entomologists
dealing with southwestern insects during that period. This early experience with entomology obviously had a
1.
Gaumer was apparently an advocate of insect collecting at that time and authored two papers in the initial issue of
the student-run journal of the Kansas State University, the Observer of Nature, entitled “Insects and how to collect
them” and “Collecting in southern Kansas” (Anonymous, 1906).
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strong influence on Townsend’s eventual professional career. Townsend (1943b) also listed that, while still in
Kansas in 1874, he witnessed “devastating swarms” of the Rocky Mountain plague locust, which must have had a
profound effect on his later passion for investigating potential controls of agricultural pests.
Townsend became a member of the Entomological Society of Ontario in 1883 (the closest such society to
his residence in Constantine, Michigan) and his first publication was on the pages of The Canadian Entomologist
(the organ of that society from 1871–1950) in early 1884. His first dozen or so papers were primarily on Coleoptera
and Heteroptera, which were clearly his first interests. During those early years, specimens he collected, and upon
which he published, were sent to be identified by specialists (G.H. Horn in Philadelphia for the Coleoptera; P.R.
Uhler at Johns Hopkins University for the Heteroptera).
FIGURES 3–4. Sample signatures of C.H.T. Townsend. 3. 1895. 4. 1917.
However, it was not until he was employed as an office assistant to C.V. Riley
1
that the Diptera were “forced upon
him” [Townsend’s words] as he related in a paper in 1925 (oddly referring to himself in the third person):
“When Riley wished the Diptera on Townsend in 1888, he conferred on the latter a lasting favor but a
legacy of petty annoyances. Townsend had been devoted to the Coleoptera, but had later developed a very
special interest in the Heteroptera; the Diptera had attracted him not at all up to that time and would have
formed his very last choice.” (Townsend, 1925c: 1–2).
The fact that working on Diptera was at the time an undesired job and not his choice is evidenced by Townsend
taking medical courses at Columbian College
2
in Washington, D.C. (1887–1891) while simultaneously working at
the U.S.D.A. [United States Department of Agriculture] with Riley, possibly with hopes of having a medical future
and not one working on Diptera. Whatever his reasons were, his experience with medical studies would later prove
to be beneficial to some of his published findings, most notably the vector of verruga in the Andes.
North American Years
Townsend’s proclivity for publishing was evident early on. Before being employed by the U.S.D.A. in 1888, he
had already published 20 papers, mostly on Coleoptera. He made extensive studies on many aspects of beetle
faunistics, taxonomy, and biology, and published short notes (normally only a page or less) on anything that he
thought was a novel observation. Notes such as this may seem trivial to some modern-day taxonomists, but these
1. In late 1887 or early 1888, Townsend took a job in the Adjutant-General’s Office of the War Department in Washington,
D.C. (the Adjutant-General a few years previous to his arrival was a family relation, Brigadier General Edward Davis
Townsend, and may have played a part in Townsend getting the job) and at some point Townsend’s presence in
Washington drew the attention of Riley in order for him to have been offered a position within the Bureau of Entomology.
The two places of employment were noted in two issues of The Canadian Entomologist for 1888 only a few months apart
(Anonymous, 1888a, 1888b), so his employment in the War Office certainly did not last long. Oddly, Townsend did not list
that first job among his various places of employment or accomplishments (Townsend, 1943b).
2. The College forms a part of George Washington University in Washington, D.C. Some biographers mistakenly had him
taking these courses at Columbia College in South Carolina, which would be rather difficult as it is a women’s college.
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were the types of observations that laid the foundation for any subsequent applied work on these insects, whether it
be for ecological, biological control, or economic and medical entomology studies.
Little is known about what Townsend was doing for work for the first four years after graduating from
high school, but evidence from some of his early publications shows he was already gathering data as early as
March 1882 for papers published later, such as one in 1884 on the proportion of sexes of the tiger beetle Cicindela
vulgaris (Townsend 1884). He published a number of notes in the major entomological journals of the time
including The Canadian Entomologist and Psyche. Then in March 1888, he was hired as an office worker in the
U.S.D.A.’s Bureau of Entomology under C.V. Riley. He replaced entomologist Otto Lugger, who had moved on to
the Agricultural Experimental Station in Minnesota because of the better pay there.
Only a few weeks after being hired, Riley sent Townsend across town to investigate damage to documents
by cockroaches in the U.S. Treasury. A report on the damage and profiles of two cockroach species was published
shortly thereafter (Townsend & Youmans, 1888). Early work as the Bureau’s office worker was not as much on
Diptera taxonomy as it was on the more applied aspects of entomology that the Bureau believed might be important
in efforts to control agricultural pests. One study was on crow stomach contents to see if crows could potentially be
good predators in biological control of agricultural pests. The results were reported (but not published) by his
supervisor Riley using his data
1
; another study on frog stomach contents he authored himself in a short note in the
first volume of the Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington (Townsend, 1889).
On 10 September 1889 Townsend married Caroline Wilhelmina Hess in Washington, D.C. and one year
later they saw the birth of their first child Karl Hess Townsend
2
. During those years in Washington, D.C. they lived
in a quaint two-story step-up townhouse on 13th Street NW.
Townsend continued his work at the Bureau until early 1891, which was the year his first taxonomic paper
on Diptera appeared (Townsend, 1891b). Then, after only 3 years of work experience in entomology and without a
college degree, Townsend moved to Las Cruces, New Mexico, taking a position as Professor at the New Mexico
Agricultural and Mechanic College. This new land-grant college had opened its doors only two years prior, needed
teachers in biology, and requested an entomologist from Washington, D.C. Things happened quickly. The Board of
Regents of the College elected Townsend as a new professor to the College on 13 February, based primarily upon
the high endorsements from his supervisor, C.V. Riley. The relatively inexperienced Townsend being the person
highly endorsed by Riley may have either been a testament to Townsend’s brilliance as a researcher or because he
was a difficult person to work with — or both.
The 17 February 1891 issue of the Santa Fe Daily New Mexican stated the importance of this hiring of an
entomologist for the College:
“No authority on this subject can carry greater weight. It is expected that Prof. Townsend will enter on his
work at once, in time to what the insect pests of New Mexico need for their further advancement — to some
other country”. (Anonymous, 1891a: 5).
Las Cruces was a fairly new city, quickly growing to become the second largest in New Mexico, and was attracting
people to move there with advertisements in eastern U.S. magazines and newspapers of a warm and friendly
climate. There still existed a pioneering spirit among Americans and some saw the West as a new frontier in which
to settle, explore, and exploit.
Only days after reading two papers at the 5 February 1891 meeting of the Entomological Society of
Washington [both of which oddly ended up being published in other journals (Townsend, 1891e, 1891g)],
Townsend was on his way to Las Cruces, arriving with his wife and young son in mid-March, only one month after
the College’s main building had been completed and was ready for classes (Anonymous, 2005). Townsend’s
arrival at the College saw him get to work as quickly as possible, which began with arranging for the College to
1. In his memoirs, L.O. Howard (1933) recalled how all of Riley’s office workers and assistants often did all the work while
Riley attached his name as author to the reports they gave him and published them, often without a change in wording.
When Howard became Chief of the Bureau, he made an effort to give credit where credit was due. Possibly this was one
reason Townsend got along well with Howard.
2. This first marriage with Caroline produced three children: Karl Hess (1890–1946, died in Texas), Leland (Jan 1892–Aug
1892, died in Las Cruces, New Mexico), and Helen Tyler (1893–1917, died just four months after her marriage to Rafael
Colorado of Puerto Rico).
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purchase furniture and supplies for his office and equipment for his new laboratory. This was easily complied with
and almost immediately thereafter he began collecting and investigating local pests, which resulted in a short note
in late March about a destructive insect (a bag worm) that “must be destroyed at once” in the local Rio Grande
Republican newspaper (Townsend, 1891a). His teaching duties there involved at various times geology,
entomology, zoology, and physiology; and he was well regarded by students (as mentioned in local newspaper
articles a few years later when he was announced as leaving for Jamaica).
FIGURE 5. Townsend and his wife (on the right) with friends in Las Cruces on their way home from Sunday church (from
Hunner, J. et al., 2003, Images of America. Las Cruces).
The hot, fairly barren state of New Mexico was quite a change from Washington, D.C. and some people from the
East moving to those new climes did not adapt easily. As some recent residents quipped, “Early entomologists
were essentially transported to Mars when they came to New Mexico Territory” (Larañaga, 1999). But not all of
New Mexico is barren. The Mesilla Valley, where Las Cruces is located, is an agricultural center, and at that time
specialized in fruit trees, some of the fruits even having won tasting contests at the 1893 World’s Fair in Chicago
1
(Coale, 1895). Hence, the “Agricultural” name in the New Mexico Agricultural and Mechanic College, and the
reason there was a state Agricultural Experimental Station located there. Despite the change in environs, Townsend
seemed to have settled in well and, as a result of his fairly extensive field experience in the region, was able to
make detailed observations on fauna, flora, and the biogeography of the area resulting in published papers (e.g.,
Townsend, 1893m, 1895g, 1897e) and public presentations as a member of the New Mexico Association for the
Advancement of Science and the Texas Academy of Sciences (Fig. 5 shows the Townsends on their way back from
church with friends).
After one year of getting accustomed to the area, teaching, and collecting locally, Townsend took the first
opportunity of the summer teaching break to make a lengthy collecting expedition. In June 1892, with botanist
Elmer Ottis Wooton (1865–1945
2
) from the College, plus two students to attend to camping and cooking duties, he
conducted a collecting trip to the Grand Canyon where they would meet up with other biologists from Arizona.
1.
One news account of the day in the local newspaper, the Rio Grande Republican, has Townsend as mounting and
providing names for the insects that were going to go on display (along with those tasty fruits no doubt) in the
Mesilla Valley booth at the World’s Fair (Anonymous, 1892a).
2.
Interestingly, Wooton eventually ended up working in Washington, D.C. with Townsend in the 1910s in the
U.S.D.A. as their botanist.
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They packed up a horse- and mule-drawn carriage with enough supplies and food to last them the entire trip and
headed north and west to northern Arizona.
“Our wagon contained all requisite collecting materials for gathering in the insect and vegetable kingdoms:
canned and other eatables, and camp outfit for cooking; guns, and cartridges and shells to order; blankets,
bedding, and a tent; and other articles of use, from maps of the country down to horse-feed. Our total load,
live and dead weight, was not underestimated at half a ton.” (Townsend, 1895a: 49).
At a correctly anticipated 25-miles per day, the trip took a little over two months, involved some excellent
biological observations and collections by Townsend, and meeting some odd but helpful people who took them in
when they were out of supplies. However, the trip also had some dangerous moments, scaling the slopes of
mountains, rock-climbing vertical pinnacles just to get to the top, and the scare (ultimately unwarranted) of a band
of rogue Indians who were said to have killed travelers in the area not long before their trip.
It also included some admittedly childish play among three professors on the trip once they were together
in the Grand Canyon.
“When we reached the base of the cap rock again, our attention was attracted to a huge boulder which lay
very close to the edge of the ridge. [...] ... we estimated it would weigh fully 2,800 pounds or nearly a ton
and a half. Its position on the edge of the sloping shelf was such that we believed our combined efforts
would be able to set it off. There was a clear drop of a hundred feet below it; then the ground sloped away
rapidly for a long distance. We had set off many rocks already at several places along the edges of the
Cañon; but we estimated that if this one could be induced to go, its effect would outshine that of all the
others put together. [...] ... so we lay down on our backs, all three of us, grasped some shrubs behind us
with our hands, and placed our feet flat against the side of the rock. At a given signal we braced ourselves,
and the great rock gradually slid off the shelf. It went down a hundred feet before striking, then with a
rebound it struck a large live pine-tree and snapped it in two like a straw. After transforming the huge log
into kindling-wood, it went on a short distance, struck a rock, and bounded forty or fifty feet across a small
chasm, which it cleared in one mighty parabola. Striking on a ledge of rock on the opposite side, it did not
break but only raised an immense cloud of fine dust like smoke and went crashing on. It continued without
a doubt for a mile before it came to a standstill, and its course could be marked down the gorge by the
cloud of dust that it raised. It was without any doubt the grandest spectacle of the kind that we ever
witnessed.” (Townsend, 1895a: 58–59).
The whole trip to and from the Grand Canyon is detailed in two rather colorful accounts (Townsend, 1895a,
1895f).
A few years after arriving in New Mexico, fellow entomologist, T.D.A. Cockerell, at the time curator of
the Museum of the Institute of Jamaica in Kingston, who was interested in the Hymenoptera that Townsend was
collecting in the southwestern U.S., sent Townsend a short note on a postcard. Cockerell had been corresponding
with Townsend for some time, starting when he was in Colorado before he moved to Jamaica. In the postscript on
this particular postcard, written in the summer of 1893, he asked Townsend out of the blue, “How would you like
to switch jobs
1
?” Much to Cockerell’s surprise, Townsend quickly replied in an enthusiastic letter that he would
indeed be interested. The two agreed on the swap and Townsend immediately packed up his family (including a
newly born daughter Helen) and left for Kingston, while Cockerell traveled to Las Cruces.
Townsend arrived in Kingston, Jamaica in August 1893 and, because of his experience and publications,
was rather quickly accepted by colleagues and the public; however, Cockerell had more difficulty getting the
College to formally approve him as new faculty member (Weber, 2000). Townsend was in Jamaica for only about
nine months, but during that time was as productive in his publishing as at any time during his career. He published
notes in the Institute of Jamaica’s publications, but also took to the local papers in publishing various “Notes from
the Museum” that gave novel information on new records, hosts, and methods of control for various pests and
1.
The reason for the request to switch jobs was because Cockerell had shown signs of tuberculosis and his physician
felt a trip to drier climes would be beneficial for his health (Weber, 2000).
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medically important arthropods. The Notes from the Museum series was begun by Cockerell, who initially sent
stylographed sheets to planters in the area. When Townsend arrived, he instead used the local newspapers to widen
the readership. Additionally, some of the more important of the notes were subsequently reprinted in the Journal of
the Institute of Jamaica.
For unknown reasons (some say he could not stay in one spot for too long due to restlessness), Townsend
resigned his Jamaica position in June 1894 and returned back to Las Cruces (arriving in August) to work at the
Agricultural Experimental Station there.
It was from here a few months later that, at the request of Bureau of Entomology Chief L.O. Howard,
Townsend traveled to Eagle Pass, Texas, near the Mexican border, in order to assess the cotton bollworm (or boll
weevil) problem and report back. The bollworm had entered Texas from Mexico in 1892 and was causing damage
to the cotton crops immediately adjacent to the Mexican border, and there was a threat of it quickly spreading
further into the U.S. Townsend arrived in southern Texas in November 1894 and after one month of fieldwork in
northern Mexico reported back to Howard with recommendations on how to control its spread.
Townsend left for a few weeks in January 1895 to go to Washington, D.C. and meet with Howard. And it
was during his absence that he lost his entire dipterological library (said to be complete for North America and
almost so for Europe) during a warehouse fire in Las Cruces (Anonymous, 1895b: 214; 1895c: 497). He had stored
his library and other things in the warehouse when he had taken the temporary post in Eagle Pass. The loss was no
doubt a confounding factor in Townsend’s taxonomic work, but he could still continue his work on agricultural
pests for the Bureau since that literature was back at his laboratory in Eagle Pass. Given his current situation of
having to start a new Diptera library for his taxonomic research, and although only having spent a short amount of
time there, he concluded that southern Texas was a good place to reside and so requested a posting there so he
could continue his bollworm investigations and those of other economically important insects.
Because of the growing importance of bollworm research, Townsend’s request was easily fulfilled and the
Bureau gave him a short-term contract and made him a Temporary Field Agent
1
in Brownsville, Texas in February
1895. He set up a new laboratory in his home and laid out experimental plots nearby, reporting back to Howard on
a regular basis. In order to rebuild his lost library, the paragraph in Psyche after the note about the fire and about his
new address in Brownsville had an added plea: “He will be grateful to correspondents and others who will send
him sets of their papers to enable him to replace those destroyed.” (Anonymous, 1895a: 88).
His letters to Howard from his new post in Brownsville included reports on his investigations but also
included complaints about the heat, humidity, mosquitoes, and irritating loud noises emanating from the church
nearby
2
(Burke, 1997). Bureau staff would periodically travel to Texas to see first-hand any progress on the
bollworm research. One such Bureau staff member was entomologist Eugene Amandus Schwartz (1844–1928),
who made a three-day visit to Brownsville to see how Townsend was progressing in his investigations. Townsend
wrote in a letter to T.D.A. Cockerell about Schwartz’s stay of a few days:
“Schwartz has been here for a week. We had a great time collecting together. Schwartz is perfectly
charmed with the coleopterous fauna here, which he unhesitatingly pronounces semitropical now that he
has seen it. We turned up hosts of things. Every third beetle Schwartz found was a n. sp. to the U.S., and
something he had never seen before.” (Letter from C.H.T. Townsend to T.D.A. Cockerell, 14 June 1895, ex
T.D.A. Cockerell Collection, Box 18, Folder 21, University of Colorado Boulder Library Archives).
Ironically, Schwartz had different feelings about that day collecting with Townsend. He commented positively on
the laboratory set-up but was less enthusiastic about Townsend as a field collector saying that he did not know how
to collect insects in the brushy area of southern Texas:
1. Townsend (1943b: 312), and various biographical dictionaries for which he provided information, listed his title as “Field
Agent” or “Special Field Agent” during this period of employment, but the letterhead he used has his title printed as
“Temporary Field Agent”.
2. Apparently this sensitivity to noise was a life-long annoyance as he is recorded many years later as complaining about the
noise from the kitchen in his Itaquaquecetuba house and, as a result, had his laboratory and office set up at the opposite end
of the house to avoid the noise (Hansen & Toma, 2004).
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“Prof. Townsend is located here [Brownsville, Texas] and inhabits a nice little house with an
entomological work room etc. but he is unfortunately not a field entomologist and does not know how to
collect in this region which must be an entomol. paradise.” (Letter of 5 June 1895 from E.A. Schwartz to
H.G. Hubbard, in Sherman, 1929: 205).
Apparently, Schwartz was an avid collector and evaluated the potential worth of entomologists based on their
collecting abilities (Burke, 1997).
In October 1895, Townsend was back in Las Cruces, but was soon sent out again by the Bureau on another
contract, this time further into Mexico, down to Yucatan, to gather more information and possible parasites of the
bollworm. Townsend was in southern Mexico for more than a year, from early 1896 to mid 1897. The first year he
was stationed in San Rafael, Jicaltepec, in Veracruz. Then in February 1897 he arrived in Frontera, Tabasco, where
he spent the remainder of his time in the Yucatan area. Townsend (1897e) described the area in detail in a paper on
the biogeography of the area. The trip was a failure in obtaining information on the bollworm, but Townsend was
able to make good use of the travel opportunity by taking many notes on the fauna and flora and also made many
collections of insects that were used by him and others in subsequent papers.
Once in Frontera, he wrote to Cockerell of his arrival. The change in climate from the comparatively cold
winters of Las Cruces to a warm tropical one had its positives and negatives for Townsend and his collections.
“I got my collection of Diptera here safely, through both custom houses (Juarez and Frontera). Have it
safe on my table in grips, with table legs in dishes of water
1
. [... ] Don’t have to stamp my feet now to keep
them warm. I would not spend winters in N.M. for any money again!” (Letter from C.H.T. Townsend to
T.D.A. Cockerell, 15 February 1897, ex T.D.A. Cockerell Collection, Box 18, Folder 21, University of
Colorado Boulder Library Archives).
However, although he enjoyed his time in southern Mexico, his family was not with him and he wanted badly to
return to be with them and his letters to Cockerell indicate he indeed missed his young daughter Helen.
Additionally, it was becoming more and more apparent that seeking further government employment was
becoming bleak because his contract to obtain more information on the bollworm was not working out. He tried to
request an extension of his contract in Mexico for another 6 months to a year.
“Am writing to Howard to continue my commission if possible on scales in Mexico for 6 mos or a year. If
not, to give me 1st Asst. Curatorship Dept. insects Nat. Mus. If I get the latter, I will sail from here
[Frontera, Tabasco, Mexico] to N.Y. taking my entire kit, books, collection, with me.” (Letter from C.H.T.
Townsend to T.D.A. Cockerell, 6 June 1897, ex T.D.A. Cockerell Collection, Box 18, Folder 21, University
of Colorado Boulder Library Archives).
Unfortunately, his wishes were not to be. He knew he had to secure other employment and upon his return to his
family in New Mexico, he was able to obtain brief employment back in the Las Cruces area, this time at the
Agricultural Experimental Station (1898–1899). Despite this temporary employment, letters to Cockerell during
this period indicate Townsend was strapped for funds to support his family and was, in addition to borrowing
money from Cockerell, selling off his books to him to obtain the cash necessary to make ends meet.
“I have roughly gone over the dipterological books, and their value comes nearer $175 than $150, but if
you can take them soon, I will sell them for $150 - you can keep out the $65 I owe you (or whatever it is),
and this will leave a balance of $85 coming to me.” (Letter from C.H.T. Townsend to T.D.A. Cockerell, 3
October 1899, ex T.D.A. Cockerell Collection, Box 18, Folder 21, University of Colorado Boulder Library
Archives).
1. “Grips” were travel bags. The dishes of water were to keep ants from stealing specimens and taking them back to their
nests.
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After that short period of employment in Las Cruces, he moved his family to nearby El Paso where for the years
1900–1903 he was employed in a variety of different jobs including customs collector, natural history editor for the
El Paso Daily Herald newspaper, and president and general manager of the Townsend-Barber Taxidermy and
Zoological Company. The company, partnered with New Mexico Agricultural College colleague and fellow
zoologist, Charles Melvin Barber (1876–1954), was in the business of hunting and collecting large animals,
especially birds, reptiles, and mammals, for eventual sale to museums (see sample advertisements in Fig. 6). It also
was involved in coordinating hunting parties into the Sierra Madre of Mexico. Townsend (1943b) labeled himself
as a guide for big game hunters, but naturalist directories of the time had only Barber listed as “Chief Guide”.
FIGURE 6. Samples of magazine and newspaper advertising for the Townsend-Barber Taxidermy & Zoological Company, ca.
1903.
The now 39-year old Townsend had some interesting adventures during this time as related in a story about
procuring the lamb of a wild sheep while on an exploratory trip in northern Mexico in 1902 for possible hunting
sites. After a Mexican hunter had captured the lamb alive in the mountains of Chihuahua, Mexico, Townsend took
charge of it and began the trip back to El Paso with it, secured only by a rope tied around its neck. But before
getting it on the train for the 90-mile trek to El Paso, the lamb made an escape.
“In the middle of the burning afternoon, while tied in the shade of the rude box car station at Sabinal, it
broke its rope and started for the hills. Unfortunately for Mr. Townsend, there was no saddle horse near, and
he was compelled to give chase on foot. Those who have experience in following a mountain lamb, even
though it be of tender age, realize what Mr. Townsend had to contend with. I once had a chase of that kind
in Alaska and still bear marks of my rough scramble over rocks and crevices which it seemed impossible
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for the little creatures to attempt; but they bounded on, heedless of the seeming danger, and soon were safe
on the ledges far below, where no human foot could tread. Mr. Townsend was more fortunate, and after a
run of over half a mile through low brush and prickly pears, he finally caught the lamb.” (Lee, 1903: 19).
A brief description of the beauty and wildness of the Sierra Madre in northern Mexico was published in Field &
Stream magazine (Townsend, 1903) as a way to advertise their business of coordinating hunting parties into
Mexico. The story recommended the area as being the last “safe” and easily accessible area in America to hunt for
big game and was accompanied by a map of the area and a number of photographs (see e.g. Figs. 7, 8) giving
stunning views and showing hunters laden with catches.
“This article is written with the view of heralding to the eastern public the fact that in northwest Mexico
there lies a stretch of mountain country filled with big game, pine timber, green grass and running streams
of clear, cold water, toward which a multitude of tourist sportsmen now overrunning Colorado and the
Northwest has already turned its gaze.”
“It is an immense region of big game, such as silvertip bear, cinnamon and black bear, mountain lion,
jaguar, mountain sheep, antelope, blacktail and whitetail deer, timber wolf, wild hog, wild turkey, and much
smaller game. Its scenery is unsurpassed for grandeur and intrinsic beauty.” (Townsend, 1903: 531).
Townsend ended his Field & Stream story with a short paragraph stating that he would from time to time record
“all matters of interest” connected with the region in future issues of the magazine. But this was not to be.
Townsend’s wife, Caroline, suddenly passed away while the family was residing in El Paso leaving Townsend with
two young children to raise. Apparently, raising children was not his strong suit and he left them with a family
member in New England and decided to take another trip. This one was across the Pacific to teach high school
biology in the Philippines. He left in January 1904, was in Yokohama, Japan in February
1
, and in March arrived in
the Philippines.
Although there are no personal documents to support the assumption, it is highly probable that the death of
his wife affected him greatly since Townsend did not publish anything from 1904 to 1907. For many
entomologists, a period of time with few or no publications would not be remarkable, but for someone who was
averaging a dozen or more papers per year at that particular time, it is a significant gap. Townsend’s letters to
Cockerell during this time indicate he was still trying to make ends meet with any funding he could obtain (even
badgering Cockerell to get money from those in Las Cruces who had “coppered” his separates), so the death of his
wife must have compounded the stress he was already under. The trip to the Philippines could have been some
necessary time away during that difficult period.
Apart from this Philippines job showing up on his list of accomplishments (Townsend, 1943b) and his
listing in the Philippines civil employee records as teaching biology
2
at the Batangas Provincial High School in
1905, there is little else known of his activities there. There is a short passage in the reminiscences of L.O. Howard:
“About this time [1904 and 1905] Dr. C.H.T. Townsend accepted a teaching position in the Philippines and
went over there for a number of months, and of course did a certain amount of collecting, although I do not
recall that he published anything about the Philippine fauna.
3
” (Howard, 1930: 404).
1. Noted in a letter from Townsend to Cockerell in 1924.
2. After the Philippines obtained their independence from Spain in 1898, a program developed by the U.S. government to
help improve the educational system in the Philippines sent hundreds of teachers and their families there in 1901 and 1902,
but none after the Philippine war against the U.S. ended in 1902. These teachers became known as the Thomasites
(because many arrived on the U.S.S. Thomas). However, Townsend’s trip was not part of this program as it occurred two
years after those teachers were sent.
3. Townsend did publish on Philippine flies (Townsend, 1927e, 1928a), but the specimens in those studies derived from
collections made by C.F. Baker and not by Townsend.
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FIGURES 7–8. Sierra Madre camping images (from Field & Stream, 1903). 7. At the camp getting ready for venison dinner. 8.
A hand-drawn map of the area described in Field & Stream magazine.
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Townsend may not have published on his collecting while in the Philippines, but Cockerell (1905) reported on
specimens of coccids and coccid parasites collected by him while there. Typical of Townsend, he appears to have
collected as soon as he arrived with his earliest collections dating from 30 March 1904 in Lucena, Tayabas, Luzon.
It was not until April of the following year that there were collections from Batangas. So it could be that he did not
start his teaching job in Batangas until 1905 (when he is listed on the employment register there
1
). The provincial
high school where Townsend taught had not yet been built, and classes were held in 1904 and 1905 in a large
residential house in the back of the Provincial Government building. The school was finally opened in 1906 after
Townsend had left the islands. Cockerell gave laudatory remarks about Townsend’s coccid collecting in the
Philippines:
“The collection now reported on was obtained by Professor C.H. Tyler Townsend, who in former years
discovered so many new Coccidae in Mexico. Being quite familiar with the group, he knew what to look
for, and as I expected, the results are highly satisfactory.” (Cockerell, 1905: 127).
Since it was his only trip that traversed the globe, it was no doubt this trip that was listed among his
accomplishments of “circling the globe without a passport
2
” (Townsend, 1943b). His return to the United States
from the Philippines was the “long” route—going west via Asia, India, Africa, and Europe. He ultimately boarded
a ship in Liverpool, England for his final leg to New York City.
When Townsend finally returned to the U.S. from the Philippines in the summer of 1906, his friend L.O.
Howard was still Chief of the Bureau and put Townsend to work on the Gyspy moth, which was causing damage in
the New England states. In order to be in the middle of the infestation, a new laboratory had been set up in Melrose
Highlands just north of Boston. Townsend went there in 1907 and began work setting up experiments, rearing
facilities, traps, etc. and specialized in working on the fly parasites of the Gypsy and Brown-tail moths.
Townsend must have been commuting back and forth between Washington, D.C. and Melrose Highlands
during this time because in June 1908, he received his Bachelor of Science degree from George Washington
University, with 1st medical honors. After graduating, he immediately enrolled in the doctoral program there. The
University catalog for 1908 listed him as a doctoral candidate and had him majoring in zoology while minoring in
geology and botany when he was matriculating for his B.S. degree (Anonymous, 1909: 202).
While working in the Boston area on the Gypsy moth program, he met and, on 1 June 1908, married his
second wife, Margaret Cecilia Dyer
3
. They had a boy, Charles Henry Tyler Townsend, Jr. the next year.
Only a few months after their marriage, the Bureau sent Townsend traveling again, but this time on a two-
month trip to the southeastern United States (South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida) to investigate possible dipteran
parasites of the Gypsy moth. Expenses incurred for the two-month trip: $177.51 (Zappone, 1909). The trip lasted
from 7 October to 6 December and Townsend took along his new bride (possibly a late honeymoon?). They are
recorded in subsequent entomological publications as having collected insects at Clemson, South Carolina (Mrs.
Townsend), Miami, Florida (both C.H.T. and Mrs. Townsend; from late October through early December), and
White Springs, Florida (C.H.T. Townsend). During the two-month survey, they had amassed an impressive 2,383
Diptera from their efforts (Rathbun, 1909: 42).
But there was more travel yet to come—and less than a year after the Florida trip. Apparently fitting a
pattern now (moving to a new job shortly after the birth of a child), it was time for Townsend to change jobs. His
knowledge of Spanish from his years residing in New Mexico, Texas, and the Philippines, as well as his travels
throughout Mexico, would all come in handy. This time he was headed to Peru.
1. While in the Philippines, Townsend was known as “C.H. Tyler Townsend” and this is reflected in his later papers
published in the Philippine Journal of Science, where he is given the hyphenated surname “Tyler-Townsend”,
possibly
because he corresponded with the Manila printers and reminded them of his being there 20 years earlier.
2. This seems an incredible feat now, but until WWI, passports were not required for foreign travel.
3. Townsend had four children with his second wife: Charles Henry Tyler (1909–1967, born in Melrose Highlands), Edward
Dyer (1911–???, born in Peru), Nathaniel Ostend (1913–??, born in Peru), and Mary Louise (1915–???, born in
Washington, D.C.). Charles Jr. eventually returned to the U.S. to live in Texas, and had a son, Charles Henry Tyler
Townsend III. The others remained in Brazil.
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First Peruvian Trip
Townsend made two separate “tours” in Peru: one from 1909 to 1914; the other from 1923 to 1929; both dealing
with agricultural pests. In 1909, a strong farmers’ lobby led to the government of Peru requesting an entomologist
from the U.S. government to assist with insect-plagued farmers in Piura. Townsend was “loaned” to the Peruvian
government on a four-year contract. He arrived in Lima, Peru in October 1909 with his new wife, little Charles Jr.,
and his daughter, Helen, from his previous marriage.
Upon his arrival, Peruvian President Augusto Leguia sent Townsend to the cotton fields of Piura, an area
in northwestern Peru near the coast and the Ecuadorian border, where he spent two years investigating the pests of
cotton there. His first task was to work on the “piojo blanco” or white scale (Hemichionaspis minor Maskell) that
was infesting the cotton. Townsend quickly verified the species and, with the assistance of the Bureau in
Washington, D.C., introduced a biological control agent (Prospaltella berlesi Howard) that effectively reduced
populations of the scale insect. At the same time, he identified a cause of winter damage to the crops as not due to
cold but due to a boll weevil, smaller and different from the one he investigated in Texas, and of which he also
helped reduce populations through another effective control program. As a direct result of Townsend’s efforts,
damage to cotton was reduced and crop yields increased. The government was pleased and reported the successes
in local papers and journals. And Townsend was not shy about reporting his accomplishments either, publishing no
less than seven papers in American journals on the success of his work in the Piura region.
Having quickly solved the cotton pest problem, he next took on a puzzle that intrigued him: the cause of
the verruga disease, a disease that has large wart-like eruptions on the skin as its major visible characteristic. It was
believed to be endemic to just a small section of the Peruvian highlands. His expertise gained through his medical
studies at Columbian College and his work with the Gypsy moth a few years earlier developing experiments were
instrumental in his being able to isolate the vector of the disease fairly quickly, a phlebotomine fly that proved to be
a new species that he described as Phlebotomus verrucarum. This might have been his proudest moment, and one
that no one would ever successfully refute.
In July 1914, his contract with the Peruvian government having expired, Townsend and his family, now
increased by two with the birth of two sons while in Peru, left for the return trip to New York via Colón, Panama.
His departure was announced in the newspaper for English-speaking residents of western South America, The West
Leader, much to the dismay of the people of Peru, concerned that the work on verruga had come to a sudden halt
and “must now be allowed to lapse, at least for some time” (Anonymous, 1914: 9).
Was h i ngton , D.C. Years
Arrangements for a posting of Townsend back in Washington had no doubt been made prior to his departure from
Peru since, on 5 August 1914 (only a few weeks after he and his family arrived back from Lima), the minutes of the
U.S. Congressional Record state the following:
“Prof. Charles H.T. Townsend. (Minute 4, Aug. 5, 1914.)
On the request of the Secretary of Agriculture the appointment of Prof. Charles H.T. Townsend, of
Michigan, as entomological assistant, at a salary of $1,800 per annum, in the Bureau of Entomology for
duty in Washington, D.C. was approved. The department stated that Prof. Townsend was to be assigned as
expert in the Muscoid flies, especially of the family Tachinidae, and that his work will consist of the
intensive study of the parasitic flies of this group in the gipsy moth and brown-tail moth infested regions of
New England. [...] He is regarded as far in advance of any other entomologist in the line of work for which
his appointment is desired and is the author of many important papers on the subject.” (Anonymous, 1916:
260).
Townsend, now 51 years of age, had finally received what he had been striving for for so many years: a job at the
Bureau of Entomology specializing on tachinids (actually investigating them along with other parasites of the
Gypsy and Brown-tail moths); and he concurrently was made an “Honorary Custodian” [= unpaid staff] of muscoid
Diptera at the National Museum at the Smithsonian Institution. His salary of $1800 (roughly equal to $43,000 in
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2014 dollars accounting for inflation) was not necessarily high but enough to support his family. World War I was
looming, but he would be passed over due to his age while other younger staff in the Bureau would be subject to
conscription. Townsend would miss serving in two of his country’s major wars: missing the Civil War because he
was too young and missing World War I because he was too old.
Initially in 1914, Townsend commuted back and forth from Washington, D.C. to Melrose Highlands
(collecting specimens in Massachusetts as late as September 1914), but eventually settled in Washington, D.C. and
made a home on Park Road near Rockville Park. His time in Washington again saw a proliferation of papers on
various higher Diptera. Some of these were continuations of his work on Diptera while in Peru, but other papers
were more revisionary in that he now had the collections of Coquillett in front of him to be able make direct
comparisons with his own collections. Some synonymies of Coquillett’s and his own species resulted, and many
more new genera and species were described.
In 1925, Townsend summarized his activities while employed at the U.S. National Museum from 1914–
1919 (Townsend, 1925a). This was clearly done as an act of self-defense as he felt at that time that he was being
unfairly attacked by colleagues (see below under “Relations with colleagues” for more details). However, his
summary gives readers a clear indication of the efforts he had made to build up one of the best synoptic collections
of higher Diptera. Future workers could derive results from examination of a large collection of vouchered material
including examples of type species of 800 genus-group names. In addition to depositing types of material he
personally collected, Townsend also made arrangements with the dipterists Mario Bezzi in Italy and Joseph
Villeneuve de Janti in France for the exchange of specimens to augment an already superb New World collection
with examples of type species from Europe. He further detailed how he curated the type species into separate trays
but admitted that, before he left for Brazil in 1919, he had not yet begun to curate or organize the undetermined
collection.
In October 1914, Townsend received his Ph.D. from George Washington University. His dissertation
(Townsend, 1914k), on which he had worked since starting studies there in 1908, was on the female reproductive
system and early stages of higher Diptera. Townsend had been one of the first dipterists to recognize the
importance of internal female reproductive structures as having taxonomic potential and this work was to be
fundamental to his subsequent work on these flies and was also critical to the synthetic and monographic Manual of
myiology that he published about 20 years later.
In late December 1915, the Pan-American Science Congress took place in Washington, D.C., and
Townsend attended, presenting a paper on his work on the transmission of verruga by Phlebotomus. In the
evenings, the Smithsonian held parties and banquets that included distinguished guests from the diplomatic corps
as well as scientists from all over the world. Townsend and his wife were in attendance when the President of Chile
attended one of the social occasions at the Smithsonian that made the local newspapers.
In May 1919, a new custodian of Diptera was appointed at the National Museum: Townsend’s arch-
nemesis J.M. Aldrich, who no doubt had an office near to Townsend’s. Whether it was to avoid direct contact with
Aldrich or just a coincidence, Townsend decided to take another job outside the U.S. But this time he would not be
coming back.
As was announced in the 6 June issue of Science (Anonymous, 1919), in early April 1919 Townsend and
his family packed up their belongings and sailed for Brazil, where he had accepted a job as entomologist for the
state of São Paulo. Townsend was still listed in various directories as honorary custodian of muscoid flies through
1925, although he ceased to be employed by the Bureau in 1919. His honorary custodial position at the U.S.
National Museum was no doubt revoked in 1925 after his public attack on Aldrich (Townsend, 1925c; see below
under “Relations with colleagues”), who was the curator of Diptera at the National Museum at the time.
Back to South America
Townsend’s early days in Brazil as the chief entomologist for the state of São Paulo were spent investigating
agricultural pests, focusing primarily on the pink bollworm of cotton, leaf-cutter ants, and finding a control method
for the Icerya coffee pest. The last was secured easily following the same biological control methods as were
developed for Icerya by Coquillett in California in the 1890s: importing the predacious ladybird beetle that
significantly reduced populations of the pest and as a result, reduced the threat to the Brazilian coffee industry.
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During a brief time in 1923 as an employee of American Cyanamid Corporation in Brazil, Townsend was
also able to discover that the use of cyanide was an effective control measure against the leaf-cutter ant (Atta
sexdens); this resulted in a popular publication of instructions to local farmers on how to control it (Townsend,
1921b). He later published an English version of his results on the use of cyanide for controlling the leaf-cutter ant
in the Journal of Economic Entomology (Townsend, 1925b).
In late 1923, Townsend obtained a contract to continue investigating parasites of agricultural pests in Peru.
He decided to take an unusual way to get there. He made arrangements to travel the length of the Amazon from the
Atlantic through Brazil and eastern Peru and over the Andes to the Pacific coast. It was a trip he had longed for for
50 years and he serialized the narrative in six parts published in an obscure magazine directed at expatriate
Americans in Brazil, called the Brazilian American (Townsend, 1924a–f). The entire trip took 76 days, of which 23
he said were waiting for transportation. Starting up the Amazon at Belém, he boarded various launches to get to the
village of Teffé in the heart of the Amazon. Teffé was the favorite village of naturalist Henry Bates when he was in
Brazil for 11 years and Townsend was in heaven, retracing the same trails that Bates had used in the 1850s and
relaxing after a morning of collecting in the tropical rainforest.
“Rising early, after a bath in the lake and coffee with a cigarette, you get into the forest where you explore
and work away for hours. Returning at noon, dripping from hat to shoes with perspiration, sopping wet as
if you had fallen into the Amazon, ye gods how a shot of booze does hit the spot—a cocktail or a long
glass of cool water with a stick in it. Then a cigarette, after which you stand under a shower, while the cool
water cleanses both your skin and your clothing until you are tired of the sensation. You then strip these
wet clothes and lay them in the sun. They will be dry in a couple of hours and clean to put on the next
morning for another round in the forest.” (Townsend, 1924a).
The overland trip after Teffé was more treacherous than the river travel, with muddy trails, steep ledges and cliffs,
and having to travel sometimes on foot through jungle as it was faster than traveling by mule. In one spot in Peru,
his usually sure-footed porter had an accident.
“At a very bad place, where the narrow way edged the top of a steep forested declivity, my carrier tripped
on a root in the trail and fell off head foremost into the jungle, my baggage crashing down through the
trees for a hundred yards before it stopped. I can still hear the booming notes of its impact with the tree
trunks resounding hollowly through the forest. Fortunately, nothing was broken or injured in any way,
though inside was a box of pinned flies that I had collected at Teffé.” (Townsend, 1924c: 22–23).
Townsend eventually ended his traverse of the South American continent at the small seashore village of
Pacasmayo. He arrived on 5 December 1863, his 60th birthday, and celebrated by popping a bottle of champagne
with friends at the Bar Americano hotel.
Townsend’s work in Peru had him initially as the director of the Cotton Plagues Laboratory in his old
stomping grounds of Piura. After a few years of successful work there, he then moved on to similar administrative
postings in Peru, eventually becoming the director of the Institute of Agriculture and Parasitology and working out
of the Entomological Agricultural Experimental Station in Lima from 1927 to 1929.
It was in the early 1920s in South America that some readings made by Townsend had an influence on his
thinking with regard to the ancient peopling of the planet. For example, in a letter to T.D.A. Cockerell in the
summer of 1924 when he was in Lima, Townsend informed his colleague that he was going to attend the Pan-
American Scientific Congress in Lima later that year and one of the papers was going to be on the submergence of
the continent of Atlantis in 2350 B.C., which resulted in the “great deluge” in the Mediterranean. As a portent of
the paper to come, in the first installment of his “South America under the Equator”, Townsend wrote with regard
to the Amazon River:
“It is not out of place to note further that the fleets of the Phoenician and Hebrew kings Hiram and Solomon
quite certainly navigated this river some 3,000 years ago, but of this matter and of still earlier navigation of
the Amazon by peoples of the Old World I shall treat in a separate article.” (Townsend, 1924a).
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That paper on the navigation of the Amazon by people of the Old World was indeed presented by Townsend at the
Third Pan-American Scientific Congress
1
, and he later published it in the Brazilian American (Townsend, 1925d).
He was using this theory of ancient Old World navigators of the Amazon in attempting to explain the existence of
cultivated plants in both hemispheres in Pre-Columbian times, but he also used that medium to explain his theory
that the peoples of Atlantis were the original navigators of the Amazon and the builders of South American
civilizations such as the Incan Empire. He even had figured out where Atlantis used to be, placing the now
submerged continent on the Azores platform west of the Straits of Gibraltar and about equal in size to Great Britain
and Ireland.
“Granting that Atlantis disappeared beneath the sea at the time of the [biblical] deluge, leaving only its
peaks which now form the Azores, we get the year 2350 B.C. as the approximate and latest admissible date
of the destruction of the Atlantic nation. Since various American peoples preserve the tradition of the great
deluge, it follows that the earliest American civilization was already extant at the time of its occurrence
also that this civilization was of Atlantic origin, since no other civilized nation than the Atlantics could
have visited America prior to the deluge. The maritime activities of the Phoenicians and other nations did
not develop for some centuries later.” (Townsend, 1925d).
While in Peru, Townsend obtained permission for a leave of absence for 6 months in 1928 to help with his work on
the Manual of myiology. According to Townsend (1931a: 65), during that time he traveled to Europe and the
United States to visit the following collections and major museums taking notes on type specimens: the Muséum
National d’Histoire Naturelle in Paris; Villeneuve at Rambouillet in France; the British Museum (Natural History)
in London; the Verrall Collection (which housed Bigot and Macquart types) in Newmarket, England; the
Riksmuseum in Stockholm; the Lund Museum; the Copenhagen Collection (which contained the Westermann
Collection); the Fabrician Collection in Kiel; the Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin and the Deutsches
Entomologisches Institute in Eberswalde; the Munich Bavarian State Museum; the Naturhistorisches Museum in
Vienna; the American Museum of Natural History in New York; and the United States National Museum in
Washington, D.C. (where he arranged to have sent on loan his types from the University of Kansas). His
examinations of these collections resulted in a number of papers related to those specimens (e.g., Townsend,
1925e, 1926d, 1927d, 1927h) and allowed him to better solidify some taxonomic concepts by seeing for the first
time many of the types of species he had previously only read about. A number of synonyms (including his own
genera) resulted, but it also led to a number of new genera as well.
In 1929, Townsend ended his work in Peru and went back to São Paulo where he had in 1919 purchased an
old plot of land with a large adobe house that was to be his home for the remainder of his life: the Fazenda Casa
Grande Velha in Itaquaquecetuba, just outside of São Paulo (at the time it was a rural spot away from the city;
today it is in the middle of a larger and sprawling metropolitan São Paulo). The house was built around 1600 and
was thought to have belonged to the Jesuits at that time shortly after the time when padre José de Anchieta (1534–
1597), one of the founders of São Paulo, had been converting Indians in the area.
Last Years at Fazenda Casa Grande Velha
Although now 66 years of age, Townsend did not stop his work on taxonomy or economic entomology. His time
was now primarily spent on synthesizing and updating the decades of his research on higher Diptera into his multi-
part Manual. However, he was still able to take time to help others with agricultural problems. In the mid-1930s,
American businessman, Henry Ford, had developed a short-lived (and ultimately failed) social experiment in
eastern Brazil called Fordlandia, where Americans from Dearborn, Michigan were transported to the jungles of
Brazil to work with locals to farm the land, mostly for rubber farms. The purpose was twofold: maintain an
ongoing supply of rubber for his automobile manufacturing business in the U.S. while also helping improve the life
1. Townsend presented this paper in the History and Anthropology section of the congress; and four others: “Vertical life
zones of northern Peru, with crop correlations”; “Pan American campaign against a billion dollar insect”; “Around the
world in a daylight day—a problem in flight”; and “Methods of environment work for indicating insect-control measures”
in the Agricultural and Biological Sciences section (Anonymous, 1925).
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and conditions of Brazilians by giving them prosperous work. Townsend was contracted to inventory the area for
potential pests of the crops. In 1932, he and his sons Edward and Charles Jr. (the latter bringing his family) traveled
across the country to Pará and began their work. This resulted in an unpublished report by the older Townsend in
March 1935 containing an inventory of the insects of the rubber plantation there entitled “Insect census of
Fordlandia” (Grandin, 2009). Concurrent with the inventory, Townsend found a fungus on one of the pests, which
turned out to be an effective control (Charles, 1937). As was typical of Townsend, he took every opportunity
afforded him to do a bit more on the insect fauna of the region than was expected. He thus also published a paper
on the mosquitoes of the Rio Tapajós, a river that ran through the region (Townsend, 1934h).
Shortly before the birth of his grandson, Charles Henry Tyler Townsend III, in Fordlandia in 1938,
Townsend ceased his work for Ford, but his sons Edward and Charles Jr. continued on in Fordlandia and other
locations in Brazil as assistants to plant pathologist Dr. James Weir of the Companhia Ford Industrial do Brasil.
Charles Jr. eventually became director of the Ford plantations on the Rio Tapajós and published a few papers
himself on the subject of rubber (“hevea”) plantations (e.g., Townsend, 1958, 1961).
Back in Itaquaquecetuba, Townsend was now focused on his business venture, Townsend & Filhos. It was
not, as some believed, a publishing firm, but instead was a more diverse array of sales opportunities including
honey, moss, and roofing tiles (Hansen & Toma, 2004). The revenues from his business were much needed.
Having failed to find an American publisher for his life-long monographic work on higher flies, Townsend decided
to use his own funds to pay for a local printer; and almost 20 years after its conception, his Manual of myiology was
finally published. It appeared in twelve main parts from 1934 to 1942 and a number of separately published
addenda, and is essentially a synthesis of virtually everything he jotted down in notes on every genus of muscoid
and oestroid flies. The first part contains general chapters on genetics, morphology, physiology, and general
investigation techniques. The second through eleventh parts are the corpus of the Manual and deal with the
taxonomy and classification of the genera. However, it is the twelfth and last part that has some of the more
eyebrow-raising sections including chapters on the origin of the moon, the origin of man, a geological history of
the Earth, gravity, a 17-page explanation of the aerodynamic forces on a fly that he claimed could travel at 800
mph, and a map of Pangea (see Fig. 9) showing where the moon used to be.
FIGURE 9. Map of Townsend’s “Pangea”, showing original position of the moon (from Manual of Myiology, part XII).
Walton (1914) wrote a final paragraph in his criticism of Townsend that was meant as an early warning to future
students as to how they should regard the work of Townsend and in hopes of getting an explanation from
Townsend:
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“But I conceive that these criticisms would be much better said now, while the subject of them is present to
explain this position, than in some distant future, when time shall have sealed his lips and stayed his busy
pen forever.” (Walton, 1914: 164).
The warning was heeded by some subsequent workers on the higher Diptera families but did not deter Townsend
from his strong beliefs in his system of classification and concepts of genera. Townsend died 30 years later, a little
over three months after his 80th birthday, on 17 March 1944, at his home in Itaquaquecetuba, São Paulo, Brazil.
Time had finally “sealed his lips” and his “busy pen” was stayed forever. Walton’s reaction to his passing (Walton
died 8 years later) is unknown.
Major Diptera works
In a paper on new Neotropical muscoid flies, Townsend (1915n) listed what he considered his three major works
on the subject of higher flies of the Neotropics prior to 1909. These were his catalog of the described calypterate
South American Diptera (Townsend, 1892y), his papers on the flies of the Rio Nautla lowlands of Vera Cruz,
México (Townsend, 1897f, 1897i), and his paper on the taxonomy of muscoid flies (Townsend, 1908a). When
considering all of his papers up to 1944, there are so many more from which to select, but really only two that stand
out with regard to being a combination of synthetic, detailed, and revisionary studies: his Taxonomy of muscoidean
flies and his Manual of myiology.
Taxonomy of muscoidean flies. This work (Townsend, 1908a) was his first comprehensive work on muscoid
Diptera and a culmination of over a decade of study. A brief examination of the introductory pages shows the
extensive number of characters that Townsend had examined in order to develop his classification and the
taxonomy of that diverse group of flies.
Manual of myiology. This incredible compilation of knowledge of muscoid and oestroid flies was apparently a life-
long project. In the Annual Report of the United States National Museum for 1919 (Stejneger, 1920: 83), there is a
report that the manuscript had been completed but was not yet published. No doubt there were many reasons for the
delay in its publication including Townsend’s travels back to South America to do more work on applied
entomology, but there is also the distinct possibility that Townsend’s (1925c) scathing attack on fellow dipterists
gained him no friends, and finding a publisher became more and more difficult. Finally, years after having moved
to the suburbs of São Paulo, he secured his own personal funding and, under the business name of Townsend &
Filhos, he published the Manual in twelve parts over a span of eight years: 1934 to 1942. Part I (Townsend, 1934j)
is a lengthy treatise on the development, structure and function of muscoid flies, as well as collecting and studying
techniques; and is dedicated to three famous insect morphologists, Marcello Malpighi, Jan Swammerdam, and
René Réaumur. Part II (Townsend, 1935f) dealt with the infrastructure of taxonomy, superfamily relationships,
gave a key to families and tribes of his concept of Muscoidea, and began the systematic treatment of the higher
flies in treating the genera of Glossinidae, Gasterophilidae, Muscidae, Rhiniidae, Calliphoridae, and
Sarcophagidae. Each part after part II (Townsend, 1936c, 1936d, 1937a, 1938b, 1938e, 1939c, 1939g, 1940c,
1941c) dealt with a subfamily or other portion of the higher Diptera (primarily Tachinidae) giving keys and a
taxonomic summary of each genus.
His colleagues had complained previously about the brevity of descriptions in previous proposals of new
genera. By contrast, the Manual gave detailed descriptions of each genus and the type species of each is clearly
indicated. However, for such a huge work (over 3,000 pages) there is a glaring omission that would have been
useful: an index to all the genus-group and species-group names that appear in the entire 12 parts. Indexes exist to
each volume, but most are to tribes and subfamilies, not genera.
Of the twelve parts, the one that stands out from all the others is the twelfth (Townsend, 1942c). The 349-
page part contains a bibliography and host catalog, but it also contains some other chapters that seem to be there
only because Townsend had researched the subjects over the decades and wanted a place to promulgate his
opinions. These subjects include, among others, hosts and flowers, geology, biogeography, physics, anthropology,
and the origin of the moon.
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The 800-mph Fly Controversy
Townsend had a few novel findings he could proudly hang his hat on, but there was one incident that prompted
critical discussion years after he passed away. While Townsend was scaling the slopes of the 7,000-foot Sierra
Madre in western Chihuahua in 1899 (not Brazil as some accounts had assumed) a brownish blur zipped past him
and continued down the valley at tremendous speed. He somehow was able to identify the beast as the deer bot fly,
Cephenemyia pratti Hunter, and he estimated its speed at 400 yards per second (= over 800 mph). As he stated:
“... I have seen the gravid females pass while on the search for hosts at a velocity of well over 300 yards per
second—allowing a slight perception of color and form, but only a blurred glimpse. On the other hand, on
the 12,000-foot summits in New Mexico I have seen pass me at an incredible velocity what were quite
certainly the males of Cephenemyia. I could barely distinguish that something had passed—only a brownish
blur in the air of about the right size for these flies without sense of form. As closely as I can estimate, their
speed must have approximated 400 yards per second.” (Townsend, 1927g: 251).
In the first volume of his Manual (Townsend, 1934j), he gave instructions on how to kill flies, adding that guns
may be needed for Cephenemyia since they fly so fast:
“Strange as it may seem, the collector will sometimes need a gun for shooting flies. A 22-calibre rifle, the
shells charged with sand, will be necessary to bring down the females of Cephenemyia flying fifteen to
thirty feet or more overhead in forested mountain valleys or canyons and very quick action will be needed,
for they fly with extreme swiftness. The males fly back and forth over bare high mountain summits close
to the ground but exceed the females in swiftness, so that it would scarcely be possible to shoot them.
Indeed they pass at such speed that a shot would with difficulty overtake them.” (Townsend, 1934j: 232–
233).
Although he originally published his 1899 observations of the behavior of this fly in the mountains of the Mexican
Sierra Madre in 1917 (Townsend, 1917g: 101), the first discussion of an estimated speed of this fly was in a paper
nine years later (Townsend, 1926c) on mankind being able to eventually circle the earth in a plane in less than a
day
1
. The fact that a dipteran could fly at speeds over 800 miles per hour led the author to surmise that future
aerodynamic and mechanical technology would allow planes to eventually fly at those speeds and thus a circuit of
the globe might take only 17 hours. Two problems existed with his 1917 observation: Townsend did not divulge
how he calculated the estimated speed and he did not say how he was able to confirm the identity of the fly he
observed. In Townsend (1926c) he asked:
“Can the speed attained by Cephenemyia in flight be calculated with any degree of accuracy? The writer
has endeavored to do this, having repeatedly witnessed what he considers both males and females of this
genus in full flight. In extended flight their passing is of such incredible swiftness that one is utterly unable
to initiate any movement whatever toward capture before they vanished from sight.” (Townsend, 1926c:
309).
In this statement, Townsend failed to answer his own question of how to calculate a speed and also admitted that he
had trouble even seeing or catching his experimental subject. One then must question the entire plausibility of his
estimate and the identity of the fly in question. However, subsequent short announcements and reports published in
popular science magazines in the next few years all lauded the observations of Townsend and were quick to accept
the deer bot fly as the fastest living thing on Earth. It was a sensational claim and the unknowing public loved it.
After his 1926 paper, Townsend did get a communication from a staffer of the U.S. Coast and Geodetic
Survey. But instead of commenting on the problem of a dipteran flying that fast, the writer had a problem with
Townsend’s calculation concerning the circumference of the Earth and the speed it would take to fly the purported
1. This publication derives from a paper with the same title he presented at the Third Pan-American Scientific Congress in
Lima, Peru in December 1924 (Anonymous, 1925).
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CHARLES HENRY TYLER TOWNSEND
distance. Townsend (1927g) responded by correcting the writer’s misconception of the circumference of the Earth
and gave a detailed description of the flight mechanism of a fly; however, he still did not explain how the speed of
the fly was measured or how he was able to identify to species a fly zipping past at his estimated speed of 400 yards
per second (= Townsend’s “brownish blur”).
Twelve years would elapse before someone would try to test Townsend’s claim and conduct an
experimental situation to estimate the speed of the fly. Nobel laureate Irving Langmuir (1938) challenged
Townsend’s claim by performing a simulation of the fly’s speed by attaching a small piece of lead (approximating
the same size as a Cephenemyia) to a piece of string and spinning it until it became a blur. Knowing how fast the
lead was spinning allowed Langmuir to state that the “fly” became a blur at 25 mph. That was thus the probable
speed at which Townsend saw the fly buzz past and not 800 mph.
Townsend (1939a) quickly responded in an effort to debunk Langmuir’s experiment. However, rather than
support his claim with further information on the speed he witnessed, Townsend spent most of his rebuttal arguing
over Langmuir’s bad calculations of force exerted while the fly was flying the alleged 800 mph. and the calories it
would have consumed.
In the final volume of the Manual of myiology (Townsend, 1942c), Townsend published 17 pages of
detailed explanation and defense of his observations and their scientific plausibility but realized that the 800 mph.
estimate might be a bit exaggerated because it would be breaking the sound barrier. So, he arbitrarily lessened his
estimate to between 500 and 700 mph. Townsend (1942c: 203) mentioned some supporting calculations on
Cephenemyia made by G. Broersma, an aerodynamics engineer with the Dutch Royal Navy, and anticipated that
Broersma’s paper would be published soon. It was actually published the preceding year (Broersma, 1941), but
there is no further information in the paper than what Broersma had already given Townsend, which was published
in the Manual (Townsend, 1942c). Despite all the aerodynamic formulae in Broersma’s paper, there was no proof
of a fly going as fast as Townsend claimed
1
. The mathematics only supported the plausibility of a small, extremely
light and very fast, flying object.
The interesting fact about this controversy is that no actual photographic or experimental evidence had
been made that could help calculate the actual speed of a Cephenemyia. All the debate had been over estimations
from observations and from engineers making calculations of aerodynamic forces and the plausibility of insects of
a certain size and shape flying at speeds close to the speed of sound.
Townsend was aware of this lack of evidence and gave instructions on how to find out conclusively how
fast a Cephenemyia could fly:
“The actual speed must be determined by a camera taking 1,000 to 4,000 exposures per second. Such a
camera, set up at one side of Elk Mountain or other bare 12000 to 13000-foot summit, with proper
stroboscopic lighting accessories and under proper seasonal and weather conditions, should be able to
photograph, at top speed of passage, Cephenemyia flies invisible to the human eye.” (Townsend, 1942c:
208).
High-speed photography has taken place since Townsend recommended it. However, it was not outdoors on
Cephenemyia, but on other insects in laboratory situations—and more to determine the mechanics of the wings in
flight rather than to determine speed.
However, better experimentation has also been conducted and further evidence casting more doubt on
Townsend’s 1926 claim was made in a monographic work on the flight mechanisms and speed of insects by Brian
Hocking (1953). The table of speeds of various dipterans as well as other insects had tabanids as possibly the
fastest flies (one unidentified species at roughly 42 mph [1800 cm/sec] flying next to a car; and one at ca. 29 mph
1. A few points that seem to have been missed by opponents of Townsend’s claim of incredible speed attained by this fly
include (1) that his 1917 original account (Townsend, 1917g: 100–101) was almost 20 years after he observed the fly in
1899; (2) in that 1917 account he mentioned that the fly had outstretched legs when flying: “The females are somewhat
larger than the males of this genus, and the impression of rather long legs was probably due to the extension of the legs
below in flight.” [Believing that a fly could attain such an incredible speed is one thing, but the forces of such speed on
extended legs below the body while in flight must have been impossible for any insect legs to withstand]; and finally (3),
the color of the “blur” of the fly he observed changed from “orange or reddish black, the red dominant” (Townsend,
1917g) to “brownish” (Townsend, 1927g).
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[1200 cm/sec] flying next to a train). However, as Johnson (1969) explained, these two results may be skewed
since there may have been a boundary layer in which they were flying, allowing them less wind resistance in order
to keep up with the vehicle
1
. One experiment of level free flight clocked with a stopwatch had Tabanus bovinus
Linnaeus flying at ca. 33 mph [1200 cm/sec] (Demoll, 1918). Certainly, flying insects that must overcome prey or
invaders to territory have to be able to fly faster than other organisms in order to accomplish this. It may well be
that Cephenemyia is a very fast flyer, but obviously experimentation to ascertain its true speed still needs to be
conducted. For now, we can conservatively stick with something more on the order of the speed of a tabanid than
the speed of sound.
Relations with Colleagues
Although a prolific writer, Townsend was not an isolated worker. He was a very social person and attended
meetings of the various professional societies and personal social groups. Professionally, he was a member of,
among others, the Entomological Society of Ontario, the Société Entomologique de France, the Entomological
Society of London, the American Association of Economic Entomologists, the New York Entomological Society,
the Biological Society of Washington, the Washington Academy of Sciences, the Texas Academy of Sciences, the
New York Academy of Sciences, the Boston Society of Natural History, and the Cambridge Entomological Club.
Socially, he had memberships in the Phoenix Club, Capitol Cycle Club, and the Club Centro de Pima (all South
American).
Townsend was a very strong-willed and opinionated man and this no doubt framed the friends and
enemies he made during his career. Whether this type of personality was something he had from early on or was
developed over time is not known. However, there are a few cases of early criticisms of his work that must have
affected his future relationships with colleagues. The first was a note in Insect Life by Townsend’s former
supervisor, C.V. Riley (1892: 350), announcing that Townsend had begun work on tachinids but then went on to
complain of his former employee’s method of publishing many short papers and hoped a more monographic work
would be forthcoming. The other was a sharp remark by Williston (1893) concerning Townsend’s key to North
American Tachinidae (Townsend, 1892o) stating that it was unfortunate that in that work Townsend treated some
29 genera that Townsend had recently proposed, but neglected those that were from North America that Brauer &
Bergenstamm had proposed in 1891, citing the potential for many to be in conflict. Williston further complained
that Townsend sweepingly condemned the work of Brauer & Bergenstamm and failed to use illustrations to aid in
identification, whereas Brauer & Bergenstamm used over 300. Williston was referring to Townsend’s (1892c: 71)
review of Brauer & Bergenstamm (1891), which did indeed have some rather “sweeping” condemnations:
“One can only deplore the lack of order, uniformity and comprehensiveness displayed in the body of the
work, which consists entirely of corrections and additions to be interpolated at designated intervals
throughout Part I. [...] The ruthless disposition of genera, in which the authors indulge, should not be
countenanced. [...] Numerous genera are erected on trivial or insufficiently designated grounds, at the
expense of former well-to-do ones; or genera long ago abandoned are raised from a condition of
comparative obscurity, and made to supplant those which have long been in use.” (Townsend, 1892c: 71).
No doubt embarrassed by a public criticism of some of his first papers on Diptera taxonomy, Townsend (1893h:
492) was quick to defend himself and responded to Williston saying “Professor Williston does me an injustice” and
then went on to say he did in fact include the North American genera of Brauer and Bergenstamm, defended his
non-use of illustrations, and said that he did not fully condemn the work of Brauer and Bergenstamm, implying that
much of it was good, but not all. Such was to be the common scenario for publications by Townsend: publication,
criticism by colleagues, rebuttal by Townsend.
1. Although not an example of free flight, NLE has personally witnessed a fly being able to travel with car speeds up to 65
mph in such a boundary layer when a Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann)) landed on the driver’s side
windshield and traveled along with the car on southern California freeways for about 20 miles going at least 65 mph on
many occasions.
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Townsend had views on fly classification and generic concepts that some contemporary workers did not
agree with. Ironically (after reading Townsend’s review of Brauer & Bergenstamm’s 1891 paper), Townsend’s
methodology in classification and taxonomy was exactly the same as that which he complained about in the Brauer
& Bergenstamm review: he was a “splitter”, preferring to erect a large number of genera
1
on the slightest of
characters (he believed in what he called a “physiological genus”), whereas others were “lumpers”, preferring
instead to consider the characters thought as critical for separating genera by Townsend as variable within a
broader generic concept.
It did not take long for the lines to be drawn. Townsend began his work on the higher Diptera in the 1890s
and not long after beginning his work, and despite his initial condemnation of their method, he decided to follow
the concepts of Brauer & Bergenstamm while others followed the more conservative view of Daniel William
Coquillett (1856–1911) (see below for details on Coquillett’s work). Some time after his condemning review of
Brauer & Bergenstamm and in his paper in the March issue of Entomological News (Townsend, 1892c: 71),
Townsend saw that their method of erecting numerous genera might actually be the way to deal with such a vast
array of different forms. Townsend explained his views in a subsequent paper discussing part I of Brauer &
Bergenstamm’s Vorarbeiten zu einer Monographie der Muscaria Schizometopa:
“If we adhere to the proposition that a genus comprises only a series of species, disunited from other series
by a lack of connecting forms, then we must mark off a new genus whenever, among the slight subordinate
differences of the various parts of the body, new characters are found, lacking in the previous series and
therefore giving rise to a new combination. [...] Since a genus cannot be defined except as a natural series of
related species, we refrain from entering into subgenera, groups of species, etc.” (Townsend, 1892r: 314–
315.)
Interestingly, in 1913, Townsend wrote a paper on the need for application of new taxonomic principles and fully
understood the problem between splitters and lumpers while making a surprising statement about the former:
“The history of muscoid taxonomy furnishes a vivid illustration of the necessity of such change [from a
“pseudophylogenetic” basis to a “phylogenetic one”]. The chronologic alternation between splitting and
lumping has been constant, but always gradually tending toward greater radicalism in the former”.
(Townsend, 1913g: 227).
O’Hara (2013: 5) indicated that Townsend was an admitted splitter and noted a cyclical history in tachinid
taxonomy of splitting, then lumping, then splitting, and then lumping. Townsend arrived in tachinidology at the
same time as Brauer & Bergenstamm, in a cycle of splitting. Up to 1913 (about 20 years’ worth of publishing),
Townsend had proposed 193 new Diptera generic names, more than half of which in just two-years of publishing
[1908 (56 new generic names) and 1912 (52 new generic names)].
It was clear early on that Townsend did not take kindly to views contrary to his own and his responses in defense or
even as attacks were in some instances spiteful and vituperative. Townsend’s almost stubborn defensiveness and
condescending attacks toward those opposed to his views and/or methodology of taxonomy and classification
started in earnest when D.W. Coquillett, hired in 1885 as field agent in California (where he had moved for his
health) for the Bureau of Entomology of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, decided to work on the same family
of flies (Tachinidae) upon which Townsend was specializing, and around the same time that Townsend was
beginning to work on them. Townsend was almost delusional in painting an adversarial picture of circumstances at
that time (referring to himself in the third person):
“It appears that, quite unknown to Townsend, Coquillett had conceived an interest in the muscoid groups at
about the same time [as Townsend], but had so far published nothing. Being in California on economic
work, and removed from both collections and complete literature, Coquillett had little opportunity to
1. Townsend did not limit his splitting to just genera as he also raised subfamilies and tribes to family-level status, much of it
explained in Townsend (1913a).
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indulge his desire for study of the subject. He chafed under the restrictions and developed a bitter hatred of
Townsend and his work; a hatred which he nursed diligently until his death, and which prohibited him from
even conversing with Townsend except under circumstances of the direct necessity.
At the first opportunity that offered, Coquillett secured a transfer to Washington and plunged into the study
of the so-called Tachinidae, the result being his memorable “Revision” which appeared in 1897. In this
publication, he was unsparing of his contempt of Townsend and his work, throwing into synonymy every
genus and species that Townsend had described up to that time.... He indulged his hatred of Townsend here
to the utmost, and doubtless secured an overwhelming satisfaction in so doing.” (Townsend, 1925c: 2).
In Townsend’s view, even one sinking into junior synonymy of any of his genera was taken as a personal attack on
his credibility as a taxonomist, so it needed a defense ... or if one failed him, then an offensive attack would suffice.
Townsend may have felt that when he chose to work on this group of flies, they were “his”, thus when he
found out someone else, especially another U.S. government employee, was working on “his” group of flies, a
strong defense of his “territory” was necessary. It is unclear when Townsend actually began working on muscoid
[= oestroid today] Diptera taxonomy in earnest (as opposed to his more applied work for the Bureau) but one of his
first published papers on Diptera was on myiasis (Townsend, 1890). This might possibly have reflected more the
medical courses he was taking at Columbian College at that time, rather than one reflecting taxonomic work.
However, papers on muscoid Diptera taxonomy did start appearing in the early 1890s with at least half a dozen
papers in 1891 (e.g., Townsend 1891b, 1891c, 1891d, 1891g, 1891h, 1891i). Another contributing factor in his
conflict with Riley and Coquillett could have been that Townsend in 1893 had sent to the journal Psyche an
announcement that he was working on part I of a revision of North American Tachinidae and that it would be
finished in two months (Anonymous, 1893). Such a revision was not forthcoming nearly as quickly as Townsend
predicted, so Coquillett beating him to it (in 1897) was no doubt rather embarrassing and upsetting. It may well
have been that Riley was frustrated with Townsend (or thought he was redirected to do work on boll weevils), and
asked Coquillett to do the monographic work. Townsend might have been unaware of Coquillett’s work (but see
below) since by the time Coquillett began working on muscoid Diptera, Townsend had moved to New Mexico,
then Texas, and then traveled into southern Mexico, and regular communication of activities in Washington, D.C.
or by U.S. government employees stationed elsewhere (such as California) was no doubt reduced or non-existent.
In regards to Townsend’s claim that Coquillett had such a hatred of Townsend that it prevented him from
conversing with him, it seems more likely that the reverse situation was the case, with Townsend himself in the
position of not wanting to communicate rather than Coquillett. It thus seems more than coincidental that after
Coquillett moved from California to Washington, D.C. in 1893 to work for the Bureau there and to be named as
honorary custodian of Diptera at the U.S. National Museum working under Townsend’s supervisor, C.V. Riley,
Townsend did not go to Washington, D.C., but instead briefly broke his ties with the Bureau and went to Jamaica
for a short 9-month term. Upon his return back to the U.S. in August 1894, Townsend was eventually sent by the
Bureau to Texas later that year to do cotton bollworm research. This Texas posting may well have been at
Townsend’s request to again avoid any run-ins with Coquillett in Washington. His avoidance of Coquillett seems
to have also continued when he returned in 1906 from a short teaching trip to the Philippines. Instead of employing
him in Washington, his good friend and now Chief of the Division, L.O. Howard, sent him off to Melrose
Highlands in Massachusetts to work on the Gypsy moth, possibly rather than place him in the same building with
Coquillett. It was not until after Coquillett died in 1911 (when Townsend was in Peru in the middle of a four-year
contract) that Townsend was back in Washington, D.C. He was finally able to obtain the position of honorary
custodian of Diptera at the U.S. National Museum in August 1914.
Further evidence of a problem between him and Coquillett is seen in Townsend’s deposition of types.
During the 1890s when Coquillett was in Washington and Townsend was in Las Cruces, Texas, and Jamaica,
Townsend collected many insect specimens, but he deposited the types of most, if not all, of those he described in
the University of Kansas. His association with the University as a child may have influenced his decision to deposit
types there rather than at the National Museum in Washington [see Withington (1909) for a list of the types
deposited there]. Townsend (1895c) stated:
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“It is proposed, in a series of papers under the above caption [“Contributions to the dipterology of North
America”], to give notes and descriptions of North American Diptera in the Townsend collection, which
now forms a part of the University of Kansas collection of Diptera. [...] All of the types herein described are
to be found in the University of Kansas collection, as well as all others heretofore described by the author.”
(Townsend, 1895c: 33).
However, if Townsend had indeed been aware of Coquillett’s tachinid studies, then quite possibly this deposition
of types other than in Washington was done out of spite and also helped guarantee that Coquillett would not have
as easy access to them as if they had been deposited in the National Museum.
Whatever must have been festering in Townsend’s mind all those years regarding Coquillett was finally
put into print two years after Coquillett died. So much for the Greek axiom “ṯὸν ṯɛθνηκόṯα μή κακολογɛῖν” “speak
no evil of the dead”. Townsend (1913q) wrote his major criticism of Coquillett’s work in a paper of notes on
Exorista, summarizing:
“Contrasted with this work [the “constructive” work of virtually everyone else] is the work performed by
the late Mr. Coquillett, which was destructive in that it attempted to sink into synonymy valid generic and
specific names. Such work is a pulling down which leaves us worse off than before.” (Townsend, 1913q:
305).
Using the term “destructive” with regard to the work of Coquillett was apparently unfair enough that dipterist W.R.
Walton (1914) felt compelled to come to his late colleague’s defense and wrote a rebuttal of Townsend’s
characterization of Coquillett, summarizing:
“I regard as unjust in its insinuations [the complaints of Coquillett’s synonymizations of Townsend’s
genera as quoted above]. I much prefer to believe that Mr. Coquillett acted from conviction alone in these
matters.” (Walton, 1914: 160).
In actuality, Coquillett (1897) did indeed synonymize quite a few genera erected by Townsend, but not “every”
one. In all fairness, Coquillett also considered quite a number of Townsend’s genera as valid.
Walton further humiliated Townsend by reviewing the fate of some of Townsend’s new taxa:
“The late Dr. John B. Smith once stated his belief in the theory that a man’s earlier work is usually an index
to what may be expected of his more mature state of development. Let us see whether or not this applies in
the case under scrutiny. Seventeen years have passed, as the story books say. Mr. Townsend can no longer
be considered in his callow youth as a dipterologist. [...] The student will find on page 118 [of Townsend
(1908a)], the proposal of ten new species of Lucilia all based on the most trivial of chaetactic characters.
These have recently retired to a well-merited oblivion under the work of an able young investigator, Mr.
J.D. Tothill. Seventeen years of experience have evidently made little change in the methods of the
irrepressible Mr. Townsend.” (Walton, 1914: 162).
And then Walton essentially gave Townsend the coup de grȃce by comparing him to one of the most despised
Diptera taxonomists of the time:
“But worst of all, no description whatever of the external character of these flies is afforded us. Even
Francis Walker was never guilty of an offense against entomological science equal to this.” (Walton, 1914:
163).
Townsend’s work remained unaffected by such polemics and rebuttals of his criticisms and he continued his
vociferous opinions of colleagues who opposed his views. If anyone followed Coquillett’s taxonomy, then they
were subject to attack by Townsend in the same vein.
One such follower was John Merton Aldrich (1866–1934). Aldrich’s (1905) catalog of North American
Diptera was not well received by Townsend. In its long list of acknowledgments of colleagues for their assistance
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there is no mention of assistance from Townsend, but more importantly, many of Townsend’s genera originally
sunk by Coquillett were kept in synonymy by Aldrich in his catalog. Aldrich was a staunch and admitted supporter
of Coquillett’s classification. He had read Townsend’s papers and had developed a contrary view of Townsend’s
restricted generic concepts. In a review of S.W. Williston’s third edition of his Manual of Nearctic Diptera
(Williston, 1908), Aldrich commented:
“Dr. Williston, wishing the criticism of a specialist on this difficult group [the Tachinidae], and being
unable to secure the assistance of Mr. Coquillett, asked Mr. C.H.T. Townsend to prepare notes on the
figures. This was unfortunate, as Mr. Townsend’s ideas of genera are extremely radical; it naturally
happened that his notes only serve to confuse the subject. He, however, seized the opportunity to erect a few
new genera on the figures, which was the more out of place and uncalled for since he promised fuller
descriptions in a forthcoming paper. Would that he had reserved his adumbrations in their entirety!”
(Aldrich, 1909: 899).
Aldrich (1916) wrote a monograph on North American Sarcophaga and allies, which probably also did not sit well
with Townsend. Granted there were not many Townsend names in Sarcophaga at that time, but Aldrich’s
preference of a conservative view of classification and broader definitions of generic boundaries than Townsend
would be a point of conflict between the two for many years. Townsend would finally respond to all of this
supposed injustice to his work. But if there was any room for Townsend ever to redeem himself with his colleagues
with regard to his difference of taxonomic opinions, it was dealt a death blow when he (Townsend, 1925c)
published an unrelenting attack on virtually everyone in muscoid taxonomy, but saved his most personal attacks for
Aldrich, initially harkening back to the 1905 catalog (again referring to himself in the third person):
“His [Aldrich’s] fatal mistake was in following Coquillett almost blindly as to muscoid synonymy in his
catalogue. But, knowing little of the subject himself, he was easily led by the apparent simplicity and
plausibility of Coquillett’s treatment to fall into this error. [...] Aldrich repeatedly ridiculed Townsend in his
catalogue, and compromised himself so far in his attitude toward Townsend’s work that he felt he could not
gracefully retract after the latter began to point out in a wholly impartial manner the errors that had been
perpetuated in the catalogue. Here was the birth of a second bitter hatred toward Townsend ...” (Townsend,
1925c: 3).
And further on, he continued his attack:
“On his accession to the staff of the U.S. National Museum, he has pursued practically the same course
[Coquillett’s taxonomy], though gradually forced to acknowledge the mistakes of Coquillett, which he has
done as apologetically as possible to the latter. But his animosity toward Townsend crops out in all his
published writings, his criticism of Townsend’s work being always showy and biting. He goes out of his
way to compliment the work of others; but anything bearing the Townsend stamp meets with his immediate
disapproval and, if he can not find some way to attack it, gets by with a mere mention, or often none at all.”
(Townsend, 1925c: 4).
The result of this published paper was immediate. A series of letters by dipterists was sent to the editors and
officers of the New York Entomological Society complaining of Townsend’s publication and demanding an
apology. Within a signed full-page complaint to the Society, which was printed in the March 1926 issue of the
Journal of the New York Entomological Society (Anonymous, 1926), the following was stated:
“The undersigned wish to express their great surprise and regret that you have published in your journal the
article by C.H.T. Townsend ... [...] This article is in substance a bitter and uncalled for attack upon Dr. J.M.
Aldrich, a man of high standing, who is greatly respected both as a man and an entomologist.”
(Anonymous, 1926: 70).
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It was signed by 23 dipterists, primarily North American. The president of the Society, J.D. Sherman, who sold
books on the side, took the opportunity to advertise to his clients his disapproval of Townsend’s article by adding
the following to the catalogs of books he sent out:
“The recent article by C.H.T. Townsend with the trite and misleading title, “The inside history of North
American myiology”, is a ridiculous, abusive, and totally unwarranted and unfair attack upon a well known
and highly esteemed entomologist who needs no defense. The publication of such trash is most
unfortunate.” (quoted in Anonymous, 1926: 70).
Townsend never recanted his splitting of genera and, earlier, in Townsend (1913o), had further explained his
actions, but did not justify them:
“The opinion that the erection of a genus on a single specimen
1
is folly and should be not allowed is
sweeping to say the least. It is always desirable to have abundant material, but single specimens may often
be made the types of new genera with perfect propriety and in the best interests of taxonomy. The point is
obvious.” (Townsend, 1913o: 116).
The problem was, Townsend did have abundant material, but erected new genera on many single specimens that
varied only slightly from others in the series, following his explanation in Townsend (1892r). The fact that there
was a problem with his making new genera out of single specimens is best exemplified in two cases
(Eustomatodexia Townsend, 1892 and Epseudocyptera Townsend, 1927) where type species of these new genera
were each based on single specimens that turned out to be teratological. These species-group names are considered
unavailable names according to the ICZN Code Article 1.3.2 (I.C.Z.N., 1999), thus the genus-group names are also
since they were based on unavailable names. Additionally, Townsend would synonymize his own genus-group
names after finding further species and only then realizing there was variation in the genus. The dichotomy was he
could synonymize his own names but others could not.
Townsend’s difficulty with others synonymizing his genera was not restricted to just Coquillett or Aldrich.
He generally felt that those who synonymized his genus-group names were either inexperienced or merely
followed others without examining the actual specimens concerned.
“An ignorant or malicious person may publish an article stating that these valid genera and species are
synonyms, and henceforth they bear the synonymic stigma. The general public is not competent to judge
the merits of the case, and besides has troubles of its own. No one cares a snap about the matter unless he is
making a special study of the group in question. [...] The synonymic pronouncements of a single individual
carry weight in exact ratio to his ability in the groups concerned. But the general public has no means of
judging his ability. If he sets himself up as a specialist and speaks with authority, the public accepts him at
his own valuation. He is henceforth at liberty to inflict his personal opinions on a long-suffering public and
to manufacture synonymy ad libitum.” (Townsend, 1927f: 175).
Then Townsend gave a solution on how best to determine if a synonymy is a valid one or not:
“If ten or a dozen of the foremost specialists in a given group should all agree on a point of synonymy, it
may be considered as pretty well established provided that each has thoroughly studied the matter
independently.” (Townsend, 1927f: 175)
To summarize, here is an example of the diametrically opposed views of Townsend versus Coquillett and Aldrich
with regard to splitting versus lumping of Diptera genera: Townsend proposed over 1,500 new generic names;
Aldrich proposed 55; Coquillett proposed 64.
1. Out of 1,509 genus-group names proposed by Townsend, 1,457 were based on a single included species; 31 were based on
two included species, nine on three included species; and only five on more than three. Two genus-group names had the
most included species (six): Polistomyia and Xanthomelanodes.
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There is an interesting prologue and epilogue to this adversarial relationship with Aldrich. One of the first eight
new species of Diptera that Townsend described in his first descriptive paper on Diptera (Townsend, 1891c) was
named after Aldrich (Hyalomyia aldrichi Townsend, 1891). And as if perfect bookends to this story, the two
mended their relationship in later years as is evident in an obituary of Aldrich written by Townsend (1934d):
“Although at first not in accord with the writer on generic limits, Doctor Aldrich has of late years accepted
more and more restricted genera, finally erecting 28 new genera in his paper on Patagonian Tachinidae ...”
[...] “The loss to dipterology by his removal is at the same time the loss to the writer of a warm personal
friend.” (Townsend, 1934d: 277).
Applied Entomological Work
Although considered in a negative light by many dipterists for his liberal beliefs regarding generic concepts in
Diptera taxonomy, Townsend was considered much more positively for his work in applied entomology. It was
clear from his numerous early publications that he was a keen observer of insect life and habits, and his first
employment at the U.S. Department of Agriculture involved work that was the core of the Bureau of Entomology’s
mission: applied entomology with efforts to help control agricultural pests. Wherever Townsend resided in his
many travels across the globe, he was always involved in collections and identifications of agriculturally or
medically important insects, providing assistance to farmers when asked, and helping devise solutions to the
control of various pestiferous or disease-causing insects. Some of Townsend’s successes in this field are discussed
in detail below.
Boll Weevil. While employed with the U.S. Bureau of Agriculture in the late 1880s, Townsend came to the
attention of then Assistant Entomologist, Leland O. Howard, who was hired by Riley to work on Hymenoptera
parasites. The two soon became good friends and when a problem in Texas concerning the pink bollworm occurred
in 1894, Howard, having become Chief of the Division upon the resignation of C.V. Riley, called upon Townsend
for assistance. Howard sent Townsend to Eagle Pass in southern Texas in mid-November 1894 where he
immediately began his investigations. He traveled from there to farms in northern Mexico and received information
from farmers about the bollworm’s presence. After a month in the field, he returned to Texas and sent back his
report to Howard entitled “Report of the cotton boll weevil in Texas”, which was published in Insect Life
(Townsend, 1895b).
Some of Townsend’s recommendations for control of the weevil included cultural methods of control such
as burning infested plants in winter, flooding fields, rotating crops, as well as the use of Paris Green and London
Purple mixed with molasses. He was also convinced that parasites would be an important factor in control. Some of
these recommendations were immediately implemented and helped reduce pest populations (Burke, 1997). But one
of his recommendations—a no-cotton zone 50 miles wide—to halt the advance of the weevil was turned down after
presentation to the Texas Legislature and the pest, as predicted, quickly advanced from Texas into the rest of the
southern U.S. where it became the bane of cotton growers. Had the no-cotton zone been enacted when
recommended, there might have been an excellent chance to stop the spread of the boll weevil at its entry into the
U.S. (Howard, 1930).
Gypsy Moth. When Townsend arrived back in the United States after teaching biology in the Philippines, he was
posted to the new Gypsy moth laboratory in Melrose Heights just a few miles north of Boston. The laboratory (Fig.
10) was a multi-storied house in the middle of a nicely appointed residential neighborhood. There was a large yard
in the back and this served well for the erection of a number of experimental plots, traps, insectaries, and rearing
cages.
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FIGURE 10. Melrose Highland Lab (from Townsend, 1908e).
It is not known if the nearby residents ever knew what was happening in that back yard, but rearing of a number of
different parasites was going on and many of these were flies that probably would not have been looked upon
comfortably by the neighbors.
Townsend was put in charge of investigating fly parasites of the larvae of the moth for possible biological
control. His efforts at these investigations of parasites, although of only a few years, were enough to produce a
synthesis of his rearings in a Bureau Technical Circular (Townsend, 1908e). Although he eventually left the
laboratory for other jobs, he continued to investigate the tachinid parasites of the Gypsy and Brown-tail moth in
subsequent years when he resided in the U.S.
Verruga. Townsend was originally sent to Peru to assist farmers with their crop pests, primarily those affecting
cotton. That seemed to be a relatively quick matter to solve [see Townsend (1912b) for a brief summary of his
investigations]. Soon after he completed his 2-year contract investigating and controlling the cotton pests in the
Piura region of Peru, he secured an extension of his contract and moved quarters to Chosica, a few kilometers
outside of Lima, where he began investigations of the cause and vector of the verruga disease that was endemic to
a particular section of the highlands of Peru. Just a few years prior to Townsend’s arrival in Peru thousands of rail
workers had died from the disease, and it was still a major news item.
The disease known in Peru for hundreds of years as verruga is primarily characterized by wart-like
eruptions on the skin but this is just one of the phases of the disease. It initially begins as a fever that lasts from 15–
30 days, which is compounded by severe anemia, prostration, and finally mortality. If the patient does not die from
the fever, it then goes into the verruga stage with the skin eruptions and a milder fever and anemia. At the time
Townsend was in Peru, medical students at the University in Lima would participate in a yearly ritual of laying
wreaths at the grave of Daniel Alcides Carrión (1857–1885), a young medical student who, 30 years before,
inoculated himself with the disease in order to study its effects. He cheerfully took notes and made daily
observations on the malady for the next 18 days until he died from fever (Ross, 1914: 244). However, he did not
show signs of the warts. At the time, the fever and eruption phases were thought to be two separate diseases. The
fever portion of the disease, also known as Oruya fever, was thought to be the cause of Carrión’s death.
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At roughly the same time (1913), and quite independently from Townsend’s investigations, members of
the Harvard University Department of Tropical Medicine (including a 34-year old dipterist, Charles T. Brues)
made an expedition to Peru also to investigate the verruga and other tropical ailments. They eventually succeeded
in describing the causal organism: the protozoan Bartonia bacilliformis (Strong et al., 1913), but thought their
organism was the causal organism of only the fever, not the verruga disease. They believed that an unseen virus
was the cause for the warts and, despite the fact that the fever and the verruga frequently occurred in the same
individual and at the same time, believed the two phases were separate ailments.
After Townsend arrived in Chosica, he immediately began to set up a logical sequence of tasks to help
isolate the vector of verruga. He was quickly able to deduce that the disease was vectored by a blood-sucking
arthropod and began a campaign of collections in the area for likely candidates. After finding out from locals that
Andean folklore had said the affliction was acquired at night, he eliminated a number of possible vectors. Initially
he thought that it might be ticks (Townsend, 1913c) but later, through more experimentation and verification,
found the vector to be a new species of phlebtomine psychodid, Phlebotomus verrucarum, which he formally
described in 1913 (Townsend, 1913n
1
). Townsend firmly believed that the vector carried the causal organism for
both the fever and the verruga (Townsend, 1915t). The success of discovering the actual vector of the disease was
cause for much celebration and resulted in dozens of publications both in Peru and the U.S. announcing the
discovery (e.g., Townsend, 1913i, 1913j, 1913n, 1913p, 1914b, 1914c).
But the Harvard team was not impressed, and complained that Townsend’s methods for deducing the
vector were not “scientific
2
” (Wilson, 1942). At the Pan-American Congress in Washington, D.C. in late 1915,
Townsend presented his results in front of the scientific public (Townsend, 1917f). The Harvard team was there
and still questioned his results, shrugging off the numerous publications by Townsend in the few years prior.
Despite the questioning, Townsend was steadfast concerning his results being correct and finally concluded his
presentation and the questioning with:
“There are no experiments, I believe, except those I carried on, and I performed a good many on laboratory
animals and one on man, and published the results of these. I used great quantities of Phlebotomus in the
different experiments, and I think that my published results will contain conclusive proof that Phlebotomus
verrucarum is the vector of the disease.” (Townsend, 1917f: 571).
Ten years later, Japanese-American parasitologist, Hideo Noguchi, took on the same problem as Townsend and the
Harvard team, and propagated in pure culture the organism that the Harvard team had isolated, using it to inoculate
his test animals. He also took warts from a patient in Lima and, after macerating them in a salt solution, inoculated
test animals. Both sets of animals showed all the symptoms of the disease including fever, anemia, and wart-like
eruptions. He produced warts from fever and fever from warts. He published his findings (Noguchi et al., 1928
3
),
which vindicated Townsend’s work, saying that “Carrión’s disease” is therefore the appropriate name for both the
fever and wart phases of the disease (Wilson, 1942).
Townsend’s success with discovery of the vector and mode of transmission gained him some well-
deserved notoriety in the medical world and, in 1917, he was made the first honorary member of the New York
chapter of the medical fraternity Alpha Mu Pi Omega. Townsend’s identification of a psychodid vector of the
disease led to a strong movement in Peru and Colombia of research on leishmaniasis and the taxonomy of these
flies, which continues today.
1. This paper is accompanied by an illustration that Townsend credited to his daughter, Helen. Actually, many of the
illustrations that Townsend used in his publications were drawn by her. They are not identified but Townsend’s
correspondence to Cockerell mention Helen making a number of drawings for him.
2. This was a false claim, and mentioned most likely out of professional jealousy since Townsend was not a trained
parasitologist and his discovery and their failure to do the same therefore made the Harvard team look bad.
3. Interestingly, one of the co-authors of this article was Raymond Corbett Shannon (1894–1945), a dipterist who was
specializing in medical entomology for the Rockefeller Foundation at the time, and was a graduate of George Washington
University as was Townsend.
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Collections
Townsend’s collections are found in an array of depositories. The early Diptera collections made by Townsend (up
to 1894) were deposited in the University of Kansas. Some Californian collections made in 1895 were deposited in
the California Academy of Sciences but were destroyed in the earthquake and fire of 1906. Diptera collections
made from 1906–1920 are deposited in the National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C.; other types
are in São Paulo and some are known in the Museo de Entomología de la Universidad “Pedro Ruiz Gallo”, in
Lambayeque, Perú (see Lozada et al., 2005).
The following are selected papers (not intended to be inclusive) involving the study of his types: Cazier (1985,
Rhaphiomidas); Colless (2012, Froggattimyia); Crosskey (1969, Amsterdam Museum types); Lopes (1979a,
1979b, Neotropical Sarcophagidae); Marques & Couri (2007, Neotropical Graphomya); Nihei (2005,
Sarcopromusca); Nihei & Pansonato (2006, Prophorostoma); Nihei & Toma (2010, Borgmeiermyia); Nunez &
Couri (2012, Uruleskia); O’Hara (1989, Siphonini); Pont (1970, Cypselopteryx); Pont et al. (2005,
Cyacyrtoneura); Thompson (1981, Eristalis willistoni); Toma & Guimarães (2000, Pterotopeza; 2002,
Leschenaultia); Toma & Nihei (2006, catalog of Tachinidae in São Paulo); Withington (1909, Univ. Kansas types
list); Wood (1985, Blondeliini).
Context of Catalog
Since 1984, the Diptera community has been working towards a unified, shared, authoritative resource for names
of Diptera, the Systema Dipterorum [formerly Biosystematic Database of World Diptera] (see http://
www.diptera.org/), which is now close to having completed the harvest of all names from the major primary and
secondary sources (for a brief overview and history, see Evenhuis et al., 2010a). The family-group names of
Diptera were completed by Sabrosky (1999). The next step is publication of a fully peer-reviewed World List of
Diptera Genus-Group Names. The present study represents the fourth installment in a series of planned
“Nomenclatural Studies Toward a World List of Diptera Genus-Group Names”. While the ultimate goal is a
complete World List of Diptera Genus-Group Names, the presently planned series of papers is targeted at a subset
of these names, i.e., those proposed by some of the most productive early authors. The following are those for
whom work has already begun or been published: A. J.-B. Robineau-Desvoidy (Evenhuis et al., 2010b), C.
Rondani (O’Hara et al., 2011), C.R.W. Wiedemann (Evenhuis & Pont, 2013), P.-J.-M. Macquart, J.W. Meigen, G.
Enderlein, F. Brauer, and H. Loew.
Format of Catalog
The list of genus-group names below presents all names proposed by Townsend and those names or spellings
attributed to Townsend that were found during the preparation of this paper. The format follows that used by
Evenhuis et al. (2010b) and the explanation of the format given here is reproduced from that work with little
change.
H
EADING
: All nomenclaturally available genus-group names are numbered. Of those, names that are taxonomically
valid are placed in boldface. All taxonomically invalid names (junior synonyms, junior homonyms, unjustified
emendations) are presented in italics. Nomenclaturally unavailable names (incorrect spellings, nomina nuda) are
placed in square brackets [ ] and are unnumbered. Genus-group names for fossil taxa are marked with a dagger (†).
The date and page for the first appearance of the published name is given for all names and its full citation can be
found in the references. Secondary proposals of genus-group names or subsequent publications of emendations and
incorrect subsequent spellings are given in square brackets after the date and page of its first appearance.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: A full list of originally included species is given with original combination,
author and date (including names proposed in synonymy), all of which are essential in determining valid
typifications of genus-group names.
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T
YPE
SPECIES
: The type species is listed in its original combination and orthography and with its form of
typification. If it is currently considered a junior synonym (or an invalid senior synonym) of another nominal
species, then the name of the latter species is given in square brackets.
C
URRENT
STATUS
: Current status follows the most recent world or regional catalogs for various families as well as
the latest revisionary work(s) for that particular genus-group name if superseding a previously published catalog
treatment where the taxonomic status has changed as a result of that work. For cases of unavailable names (i.e.,
those names that by definition do not enter into nomenclature or synonymy) we use the phrase “treated under” to
indicate the current placement of the name.
F
AMILY
: Family assignment follows the family standards of the Systema Dipterorum (Pape & Evenhuis, 2013).
R
EMARKS
: Genus-group names or typifications needing further clarification or presenting nomenclatural or
taxonomic problems are annotated. For all cases of multiple original spellings of a genus-group name, the First
Reviser to have selected one of them as the correct original spelling is indicated.
E
MENDATIONS
: All known emendations of each genus-group name are listed with an indication of their
justification in parenthesis. This list is probably not exhaustive, but presents those emendations that have been
previously recorded or have been found during this study and appear as new synonymies. The ICZN Code Article
33.2 states that emendations are “Any demonstrably intentional change in the original spelling of a name other than
a mandatory change” and three criteria are given in Article 33.2.1 that can each be used independently of the other
two criteria in determining what is considered “demonstrably intentional”: 1. “when in the work itself or in an
author’s (or publisher’s) corrigenda, there is an explicit statement of intention”; or 2. “when both the original and
the changed spelling are cited and the latter is adopted in place of the former”; or 3. “when two or more names in
the same work are treated in a similar way”. We interpret “treated in a similar way” to mean any similarity (as
perceived by us and explained for new synonymies) in spelling changes between two or more names irrespective of
other changes that may also have been made to those names. Only those spellings where an identical spelling has
not previously been published, and subsequent usage of that spelling therefore is not possible, are considered
eligible as emendations by way of a similar treatment. This requirement of being a new (i.e., first) spelling change
would pertain to both (or all) names that are “treated in a similar way”, but we have not made an exhaustive search
for any previous use of a similarly changed spelling for the other name(s) involved when these are not Townsend
names, as this would have been prohibitively time consuming.
Few workers have realized the significance of criterion 3, since this can include names that may previously
have been recognized as incorrect subsequent spellings. However, if there are two or more names in the same work
that are “treated in a similar way” they will both (or all) become emendations [i.e., available names]. Incidentally,
it should be noted that the ICZN Code does not specify that these “two or more names” necessarily have to be of
the same rank. As a result, there are no doubt numerous uncataloged emendations in published papers of what were
previously thought to be merely incorrect subsequent spellings that have escaped notice. Also, it may not be
possible to distinguish between a newly proposed emendation by means of criterion 3 and an acceptance of an
earlier emendation or the usage of an incorrect subsequent spelling. We have chosen to consider the earliest cases
of such emendations through similar treatment as separate emendations; later homonymous changed spellings that
fit criterion 3 whether by the same author or others are here considered subsequent usages (i.e., incorrect
subsequent spellings) as they essentially fit Article 33.5. For the present work we have listed homonymous
emendations if they have appeared in the literature irrespective of the criterion under which they qualify as
emendations. Two additional issues relating to this are that an incorrect original spelling fixed by a First Reviser
cannot become an emendation; and that it is possible for an incorrect subsequent spelling to become an emendation
by criterion 1 or 2 but not by criterion 3. Those earliest discovered emendations that are indicated here as “new
synonymies” are junior synonyms of the current valid genus-group name given above it in the C
URRENT
S
TATUS
line. We have not made an extensive search for unpublished emendations by the next authors in our nomenclatural
studies series (e.g., Meigen, Enderlein, and Loew), as these will be thoroughly dealt with in those studies. An
explanation of the justification of each emendation listed as “n. syn.” [= new synonymy] by workers other than
Townsend is given in Appendix I.
Synonymies: We understand that emendations are orthographic variants at the time of their proposal and
will automatically be synonyms of the names they intend to emend, so as synonyms they cannot be “new”. We
prefer instead to list each newly discovered unjustified emendation as a “new synonymy”, following the ICZN
Code Glossary definition (2) of synonymy as “A list of synonyms”. We use the “new synonymy” as a tag to notify
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CHARLES HENRY TYLER TOWNSEND
our readers and relevant abstracting services of those cases where an available name that has not previously been
documented as such is newly recognized as being part of such a list.
A summary list at the end of the genus-group name catalog gives a breakdown of the genus-group names
proposed by Townsend by family and maintains the same formatting of boldface, italics, etc. to indicate
nomenclatural and taxonomic status.
Abbreviations: We abbreviate the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature as “I.C.Z.N.”
for literature references in the catalog. To further differentiate, we use “ICZN Code” to refer to the “International
Code of Zoological Nomenclature (1999)” and “ICZN Commission” to refer to the actual Commission.
Catalog of the Diptera Genus-Group Names of Charles Henry Tyler Townsend
1. Abepalpus Townsend, 1931e: 449.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Abepalpus archytoides Townsend, 1931.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Abepalpus archytoides Townsend, 1931, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 74)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
2. Abolodoria Townsend, 1934f: 400.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Abolodoria abdominalis Townsend, 1934.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Abolodoria abdominalis Townsend, 1934, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 204)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
[Acampomintho] Townsend, 1931c: 383 [1935f: 111, 253, 268, 271].
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Incorrect subsequent spelling of Acompomintho Villeneuve, 1927.
F
AMILY
: RHINOPHORIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Criteria for making this name available as an emendation were not found to be fulfilled in these works.
3. Acanthodotheca Townsend, 1919a: 159.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Sarcophaga prohibita Aldrich, 1916.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Sarcophaga prohibita Aldrich, 1916, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid subgenus of Blaesoxipha Loew, 1861 [teste Pape (1996: 177)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Originally proposed as a full genus.
4. Acemeigenia Townsend, 1927a: 241.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Acemeigenia inca Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Acemeigenia inca Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Vibrissina Rondani, 1861 [teste Wood (1985: 87)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
[Acemyia] Townsend, 1912d: 163, 164.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Incorrect subsequent spelling of Acemya Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 or subsequent usage of
Acemyia Schiner, 1861.
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
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R
EMARKS
: The earliest mention of the nominal genus Acemya Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 we have found using the
spelling “Acemyia” is Acemyia Schiner, 1861 as an unjustified emendation [teste Evenhuis et al. (2010b:
33)].
5. Acemyiopsis Townsend, 1915n: 433.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Acemyiopsis punensis Townsend, 1915.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Acemyiopsis punensis Townsend, 1915, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Ceracia Rondani, 1865 [teste Guimarães (1971: 123)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
6. Acephana Townsend, 1916i: 153.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Masicera rubrifrons Macquart, 1847.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Masicera rubrifrons Macquart, 1847 [= Masicera rufifacies Macquart, 1847], by original
designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Anagonia Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891 [teste Cantrell & Crosskey (1989:
765)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
7. Achaetoneuropsis Townsend, 1927a: 272.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Achaetoneuropsis affinis Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Achaetoneuropsis affinis Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Lespesia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863 [teste Guimarães (1983: 14)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
[Achatoneura] Townsend, 1927a: 230.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Incorrect subsequent spelling of Achaetoneura Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891.
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Criteria to make this name available as an emendation were not found to be fulfilled in this work. The
name was subsequently corrected in the errata in Townsend (1927b: first unnumbered page of errata).
8. Acridiophaga Townsend, 1917d: 46.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Sarcophaga aculeata Aldrich, 1916.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Sarcophaga aculeata Aldrich, 1916, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid subgenus of Blaesoxipha Loew, 1861 [teste Pape (1996: 184)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Originally proposed as a full genus.
9. Acromiodexia Townsend, 1931d: 335.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Musca acromion Wiedemann, 1824.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Musca acromion Wiedemann, 1824, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Cholomyia Bigot, 1884 [teste Guimarães (1971: 105)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
10. Acronarista Townsend, 1908a: 85.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Acronarista mirabilis Townsend, 1908.
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CHARLES HENRY TYLER TOWNSEND
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Acronarista mirabilis Townsend, 1908, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Neaera Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 280)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
11. Acronaristopsis Townsend, 1919a: 178.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Acronaristopsis bahamensis Townsend, 1919.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Acronaristopsis bahamensis Townsend, 1919, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Neaera Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 280)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
12. Actinactia Townsend, 1927a: 248.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Actinactia lutea Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Actinactia lutea Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Ceromya Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste Poole (1996: 279)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
13. Actinochaetopsis Townsend, 1934f: 393.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Actinochaetopsis amazonica Townsend, 1934.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Actinochaetopsis amazonica Townsend, 1934, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Actinochaeta Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889 [teste Guimarães (1971: 113)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
14. Actinochaetopteryx Townsend, 1927d: 277.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Actinochaetopteryx actifera Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Actinochaetopteryx actifera Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste O’Hara et al. (2009: 35)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
15. Actinocrocuta Townsend, 1935c: 228.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Actinocrocuta chaetosa Townsend, 1935.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Actinocrocuta chaetosa Townsend, 1935, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid subgenus of Siphona Meigen, 1803 [teste O’Hara (1989: 87)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Originally proposed as a full genus.
16. Actinodoria Townsend, 1927a: 272.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Actinodoria cuprea Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Actinodoria cuprea Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 123)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
17. Actinominthella Townsend, 1928e: 158.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Actinominthella atrophopodella Townsend, 1928.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Actinominthella atrophopodella Townsend, 1928, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 114)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
EVENHUIS ET AL.
40
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Zootaxa 3978 (1) © 2015 Magnolia Press
18. Actinomintho Townsend, 1928b: 144.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Actinomintho ivu Townsend, 1928.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Actinomintho ivu Townsend, 1928, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Polygaster Wulp, 1890 [teste Guimarães (1971: 94)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
19. Actinophryno Townsend, 1928b: 148.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Actinophryno angusta Townsend, 1928.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Actinophryno angusta Townsend, 1928 [preoccupied by Actinotachina angusta Townsend, 1927; =
Actinotachina townsendi Guimarães, 1971], by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Lixophaga Townsend, 1908 [teste Poole (1996: 288)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
20. Actinoprosopa Townsend, 1927a: 258.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Actinoprosopa facialis Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Actinoprosopa facialis Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Houghia Coquillett, 1897 [teste Fleming et al. (2014: 9)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
21. Actinotachina Townsend, 1927a: 278.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Actinotachina angusta Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Actinotachina angusta Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Lixophaga Townsend, 1908 [teste Poole (1996: 288)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
22. Actiopsis Townsend, 1917a: 121.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Actiopsis autumnalis Townsend, 1917.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Actiopsis autumnalis Townsend, 1917, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Actia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 296)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
23. Acucula Townsend, 1913k: 264.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Acucula saltans Townsend, 1913.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Acucula saltans Townsend, 1913, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Dasiops Rondani, 1856 [teste Poole (1996: 176)].
F
AMILY
: LONCHAEIDAE.
24. Acuphocera Townsend, 1926d: 37.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Acuphocera sumatrensis Townsend, 1926.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Acuphocera sumatrensis Townsend, 1926 [= Tachina iavana Wiedemann, 1819], by original
designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Cuphocera Macquart, 1845 [teste Cantrell & Crosskey (1989: 761)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
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41
CHARLES HENRY TYLER TOWNSEND
25. Adejeania Townsend, 1913m: 104.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Tachina armata Wiedemann, 1830.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Tachina armata Wiedemann, 1830, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 307)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
26. Adichosiops Townsend, 1933a: 441.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Musca quadrimaculata Swederus, 1787.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Musca quadrimaculata Swederus, 1787, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Neocalliphora Brauer & Bergenstamm (subgenus of Calliphora Robineau-
Desvoidy, 1830) [teste Kurahashi (1989: 704)].
F
AMILY
: CALLIPHORIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Originally proposed as a full genus.
27. Adidyma Townsend, 1935c: 230.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Adidyma adversa Townsend, 1935.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Adidyma adversa Townsend, 1935, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 205)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
28. Adipterites Townsend, 1938c: 166.†
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Dipterites obovatus Heer, 1864.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Dipterites obovatus Heer, 1864, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Evenhuis (1994: 463)].
F
AMILY
: OESTRIDAE.
29. Admontiopsis Townsend, 1915b: 19.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Admontia tarsalis Coquillett, 1898.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Admontia tarsalis Coquillett, 1898, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Admontia Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 74)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
30. Adoryphorophaga Townsend, 1931e: 469.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Doryphorophaga aberrans Townsend, 1916.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Doryphorophaga aberrans Townsend, 1916, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Myiopharus Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004:
98)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
31. Aeolofrontina Townsend, 1928a: 160.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Aeolofrontina arida Townsend, 1928.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Aeolofrontina arida Townsend, 1928 [= Plagimasicera petiolata Townsend, 1915], by original
designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Plagimasicera Townsend, 1915 [teste Guimarães (1971: 212)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
EVENHUIS ET AL.
42
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32. Africodexia Townsend, 1933a: 462.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Dexia lugens Wiedemann, 1830.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Dexia lugens Wiedemann, 1830, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Dinera Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste Crosskey (1980: 832)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
33. Africomusca Townsend, 1933a: 441, 462.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Tachina westermanni Wiedemann, 1819.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Tachina westermanni Wiedemann, 1819, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Pericallimyia Villeneuve, 1915 [teste Pont (1980c: 795)].
F
AMILY
: CALLIPHORIDAE.
34. Afrowohlfahrtia Townsend, 1919a: 159.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Afrowohlfahrtia pachytyli Townsend, 1919.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Afrowohlfahrtia pachytyli Townsend, 1919, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Wohlfahrtia Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889 [teste Pape (1996: 169)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
35. Agicuphocera Townsend, 1915n: 430.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Agicuphocera nigra Townsend, 1915.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Agicuphocera nigra Townsend, 1915, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971:74)]
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
36. Agiebelia Townsend, 1933b: 420.†
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Giebelia ignota Townsend, 1921, automatic [by designation of the same species (by monotypy) for
Giebelia Townsend, 1921].
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: New replacement name for Giebelia Townsend, 1921; valid genus [teste Evenhuis (1994:
463)].
F
AMILY
: OESTRIDAE.
37. Aglummyia Townsend, 1912f: 354.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Aglummyia percinerea Townsend, 1912 (with “Almugmyia major Townsend,
Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 13, 1911, pp. 154–155 [nomen nudum]” in synonymy).
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Aglummyia percinerea Townsend, 1912, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 28)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
38. Agriochaetops Townsend, 1934f: 204.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Dexia fervens Wiedemann, 1830.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Dexia fervens Wiedemann, 1830, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Gymnocamptops Townsend, 1927 (subgenus of Lepidodexia Brauer &
Bergenstamm, 1891) [teste Pape (1996: 233)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Originally described as a full genus.
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43
CHARLES HENRY TYLER TOWNSEND
39. Alaccoprosopa Townsend, 1934f: 202.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Alaccoprosopa apicalis Townsend, 1934.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Alaccoprosopa apicalis Townsend, 1934, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Microcerella Macquart, 1851 [teste Pape (1996: 251)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
40. Alaskophyto Townsend, 1915k: 285.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Muscopteryx obscura Coquillett, 1902.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Muscopteryx obscura Coquillett, 1902, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Macquartia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 269)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
41. Aldrichina Townsend, 1934b: 111.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Calliphora grahami Aldrich, 1930.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Calliphora grahami Aldrich, 1930, automatic [by designation of the same species (by original
designation) for Aldrichiella Rohdendorf, 1931].
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: New replacement name for Aldrichiella Rohdendorf, 1931; junior synonym of Calliphora
Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste Rognes (1991: 60)].
F
AMILY
: CALLIPHORIDAE.
42. Aldrichocyptera Townsend, 1936a: 488.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Cylindromyia alticola Aldrich, 1926.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Cylindromyia alticola Aldrich, 1926, by monotypy.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Cylindromyia Meigen, 1803 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 215)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: This nominal genus is also in part III of the Manual of myiology (Townsend, 1936c: 254), where
characters are given for it to add it into the key on page 54. Although no date within 1936 is yet known for
the Manual, we treat it as having been published after Townsend (1936a), which came out on 30 October
1936.
43. Alitophasia Townsend, 1934g: 213.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Litophasia albisquama Villeneuve, 1932.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Litophasia albisquama Villeneuve, 1932, by monotypy.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Catharosia Rondani, 1868 [teste Herting & Dely-Draskovits (1993: 414)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Herting & Dely-Draskovits (1993: 414) gave the method of type species fixation of Alitophasia
Townsend, 1934 as by original designation, but this is incorrect. Townsend (1934g: 213) stated “Proposed
for Litophasia albisquama Vill.”, which is not an explicit designation of that species as the type [see
Evenhuis & Thompson (1990) and Sabrosky (1999) for more details]. Thus, because there is only one
included species, the type fixation for Alitophasia is Litophasia albisquama Villeneuve, 1932, by
monotypy.
44. Allenanicia Townsend, 1935b: 68.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Metopia sinipalpis Allen, 1926.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Metopia sinipalpis Allen, 1926, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Metopia Meigen, 1803 [teste Pape (1996: 97)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
EVENHUIS ET AL.
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45. Almugmyia Townsend, 1911a: 136.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Almugmyia arida Townsend, 1911.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Almugmyia arida Townsend, 1911, by monotypy.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Microchaetina Wulp, 1891 [teste Guimarães (1971: 28)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Guimarães (1971: 122) gave the method of type fixation as by original designation, but this is incorrect.
The ICZN Code Article 68.2.1 allows a phraseology such as the one that Townsend used (“gen. et sp. n.”)
(Townsend, 1911a:136) to be an original designation only if it is applied to one of two or more originally
included species. In this case, there is only one included species, thus the type fixation is Almugmyia arida
Townsend, 1911, by monotypy.
46. Alophorella Townsend, 1912a: 45.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Thereva obesa Fabricius, 1798.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Thereva obesa Fabricius, 1798, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Phasia Latreille, 1804 [teste Herting & Dely-Draskovits (1993: 409)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
47. Alophorellopsis Townsend, 1927a: 209.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Alophorellopsis capitata Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Alophorellopsis capitata Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Phasia Latreille, 1804 [teste Sun & Marshall (2003: 19).
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
48. Alophorophasia Townsend, 1927e: 287 [1928a: 373].
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Alophorophasia alata Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Alophorophasia alata Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Phasia Latreille, 1804 [teste Sun & Marshall (2003: 19).
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
49. Alophoropsis Townsend, 1915b: 20.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Alophora phasioides Coquillett, 1897.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Alophora phasioides Coquillett, 1897, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Phasia Latreille, 1804 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 227)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
50. Alouattamyia Townsend, 1931d: 319.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Cuterebra baeri Shannon & Greene, 1926.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Cuterebra baeri Shannon & Greene, 1926, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Metacuterebra Bau, 1929 [teste Papavero & Guimarães (2009: 5)].
F
AMILY
: OESTRIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Pape (2001: 167) concluded that Alouattamyia Townsend was a junior synonym of Cuterebra Clark,
1815 based on phylogenetic analysis. Papavero & Guimarães (2009: 5) made no mention of Pape’s (2001)
paper, so we are unsure whether they ignored its conclusions or just did not know of the paper.
51. Alpinoplagia Townsend, 1931e: 475.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Alpinoplagia boliviana Townsend, 1931.
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45
CHARLES HENRY TYLER TOWNSEND
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Alpinoplagia boliviana Townsend, 1931, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 89)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
52. Amazohoughia Townsend, 1934f: 400.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Amazohoughia argentifrons Townsend, 1934.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Amazohoughia argentifrons Townsend, 1934, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 201)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
[Amazonella] Townsend, 1936c: 228.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Unavailable name; no characters given to differentiate; treated under Metagonistylum
Townsend, 1927 [teste Townsend (1936c: 228)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: The name Amazonella is a manuscript name of Aldrich and appears in a narrative history of the genus-
group name Metagonistylum Townsend, 1927 and was not meant to make the name available. The species
name included (Amazonella myersii Aldrich) is a nomen nudum.
53. Amblycoryphenes Townsend, 1918a: 161.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Sarcophaga amblycoryphae Coquillett, 1904.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Sarcophaga amblycoryphae Coquillett, 1904, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Tephromyia Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891 (subgenus of Blaesoxipha Loew,
1861) [teste Pape (1996: 207)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Originally proposed as a full genus.
54. Ametadoria Townsend, 1927a: 276.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Ametadoria unispinosa Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Ametadoria unispinosa Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 114)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
55. Amicrotrichomma Townsend, 1927a: 245.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Amicrotrichomma orbitalis Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Amicrotrichomma orbitalis Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 47)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
56. Amobiopsis Townsend, 1915b: 20.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Amobia aurata Coquillett, 1902; Amobiopsis confundens Townsend, 1915.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Amobia aurata Coquillett, 1902, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Macronychia Rondani, 1859 [teste Pape (1996: 94)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
EVENHUIS ET AL.
46
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Zootaxa 3978 (1) © 2015 Magnolia Press
57. Amphiboliopsis Townsend, 1926b: 538.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Gymnostylia minor Villeneuve, 1913.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Gymnostylia minor Villeneuve, 1913, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Billaea Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste Crosskey (1977b: 831)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
58. Amphitropesa Townsend, 1933a: 463.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Amphitropesa elegans Townsend, 1933.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Amphitropesa elegans Townsend, 1933, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Cantrell & Crosskey (1989: 738)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
59. Anadistichona Townsend, 1934f: 398.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Anadistichona aurata Townsend, 1934.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Anadistichona aurata Townsend, 1934, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 178)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
60. Anaeudora Townsend, 1933a: 468.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Anaeudora aureocephala Townsend, 1933.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Anaeudora aureocephala Townsend, 1933, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Herting & Dely-Draskovits (1993: 275)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: An interesting orthographical note on this nominal genus: the original spelling of the genus-group name
(both in the description and in the journal index) is with a dipthong “æ” as Anæudora, while the derivation
of the name (although not indicated) is almost assuredly Ana- eudora and not Anæ- udora.
61. Anametopochaeta Townsend, 1919b: 571.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Anametopochaeta olindoides Townsend, 1919.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Anametopochaeta olindoides Townsend, 1919 [= Bombyliomyia apicalis Matsumura, 1916], by
original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 124)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
62. Anaperistommyia Townsend, 1926d: 15.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Anaperistommyia optica Townsend, 1926.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Anaperistommyia optica Townsend, 1926, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Halydaia Egger, 1856 [teste Crosskey (1977b: 617)]
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
63. Anaphorinia Townsend, 1927a: 266.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Anaphorinia aurata Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Anaphorinia aurata Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Leptostylum Macquart, 1851 [teste Wood (1985: 49)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
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CHARLES HENRY TYLER TOWNSEND
64. Anaporia Townsend, 1919b: 560.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Aporia limacodis Townsend, 1892.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Aporia limacodis Townsend, 1892, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Uramya Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 50)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
65. Anaravinia Townsend, 1934c: 202.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Anaravinia hondurana Townsend, 1934.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Anaravinia hondurana Townsend, 1934 [= Johnsonia lagunicula Hall, 1931], by original
designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Helicobia Coquillett, 1895 [teste Pape (1996: 225)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
66. Anazygosturmia Townsend, 1927a: 271.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Anazygosturmia analis Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Anazygosturmia analis Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Drino Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste Guimarães (1971: 188)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
67. Andinomyia Townsend, 1912f: 329.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Andinomyia cruciata Townsend, 1912.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Andinomyia cruciata Townsend, 1912, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 75)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
68. Andinoravinia Townsend, 1917i: 190.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Andinoravinia rufipes Townsend, 1917.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Andinoravinia rufipes Townsend, 1917, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Ravinia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863 [teste Pape (1996: 284)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
69. Androcyptera Townsend, 1927e: 286 [1928a: 373].
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Androcyptera anorbitalis Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Androcyptera anorbitalis Townsend, 1927 [= Ocyptera umbripennis Wulp, 1881], by original
designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Cylindromyia Meigen, 1803 [teste Crosskey (1977b: 592)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
70. Anemorilla Townsend, 1915n: 432.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Anemorilla rufescens Townsend, 1915.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Anemorilla rufescens Townsend, 1915, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 187)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
EVENHUIS ET AL.
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71. Anepalpus Townsend, 1931e: 444.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Anepalpus hystrix Townsend, 1931.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Anepalpus hystrix Townsend, 1931, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 60)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
72. Anhangabahuia Townsend, 1931e: 470.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Anhangabahuia analis Townsend, 1931.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Anhangabahuia analis Townsend, 1931, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Houghia Coquillett, 1897 [teste Fleming et al. (2014: 9)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
73. Anoxynops Townsend, 1927a: 274.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Anoxynops conica Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Anoxynops conica Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 78)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
74. Anoxynopsella Townsend, 1935c: 226.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Anoxynopsella argentescens Townsend, 1935.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Anoxynopsella argentescens Townsend, 1935, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Myiopharus Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889 [teste Wood (1985: 62)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
75. Anthomyiopsis Townsend, 1916f: 20.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Anthomyiopsis cypseloides Townsend, 1916.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Anthomyiopsis cypseloides Townsend, 1916, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 333)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
[Anthracomyia] Townsend, 1892u: 276.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Incorrect spelling of Anthracomya Rondani, 1856 or subsequent usage of Anthracomyia
Rondani, 1868.
F
AMILY
: CALLIPHORIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: The earliest mention of the nominal genus Anthracomya Rondani, 1856 we have found using the
spelling “Anthracomyia” is Anthracomyia Rondani (1868a: 50), as an unjustified emendation [teste
O’Hara et al. (2011: 31)].
76. Antistaseopsis Townsend, 1934f: 401.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Antistaseopsis brasiliensis Townsend, 1934.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Antistaseopsis brasiliensis Townsend, 1934, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 205)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
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CHARLES HENRY TYLER TOWNSEND
77. Apachemyia Townsend, 1908a: 75.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Demoticus pallidus Coquillett, 1897.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Demoticus pallidus Coquillett, 1897, by monotypy.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Solieria Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 264)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Sabrosky & Arnaud (1965: 1010) gave the method of type-species fixation for Apachemyia Townsend,
1908 as by original designation, but this is incorrect. Townsend (1908a: 75) stated “This genus is proposed
for Demoticus pallidus Coquillett”, which is not an explicit designation of that species as the type [see
Evenhuis & Thompson (1990) and Sabrosky (1999) for more details]. Thus, because there is only one
included species, the type fixation for Apachemyia is Demoticus pallidus Coquillett, 1897, by monotypy,
as correctly indicated by O’Hara & Wood (2004: 264).
78. Apacheprospherysa Townsend, 1926a: 27.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Apacheprospherysa orbitalis Townsend, 1926.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Apacheprospherysa orbitalis Townsend, 1926 [= Telothyria trifurca Wulp, 1890], by original
designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Myiopharus Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004:
98)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
79. Aphantorhapha Townsend, 1919b: 586.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Aphantorhapha arizonica Townsend, 1919.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Aphantorhapha arizonica Townsend, 1919, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid subgenus of Siphona Meigen, 1803 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 300)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Originally proposed as a full genus.
80. Aphantorhaphopsis Townsend, 1926d: 34.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Aphantorhaphopsis orientalis Townsend, 1926.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Aphantorhaphopsis orientalis Townsend, 1926, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid subgenus of Siphona Meigen, 1803 [teste O’Hara et al., 2009: 166)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
81. Aphrimyobia Townsend, 1926d: 36.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Aphrimyobia simillima Townsend, 1926.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Aphrimyobia simillima Townsend, 1926, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Atylostoma Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889 [teste Crosskey (1977b: 626)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
82. Aphriosphyria Townsend, 1927a: 238.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Aphriosphyria communis Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Aphriosphyria communis Townsend, 1927 [= Tachina robusta Wiedemann, 1830], by original
designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Peleteria Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste Guimarães (1971: 43)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
EVENHUIS ET AL.
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R
EMARKS
: There are two original spelling of this nominal genus in Townsend (1927a): Aphriosphyria (page 238)
and Aphyrosphyria (page 287). Townsend (1927a: second unnumbered page of errata) corrected the
spelling.
[Aphyrosphyria] Townsend, 1927a: 287.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Incorrect original spelling of Aphriosphyria Townsend, 1927 [teste Townsend (1927a: second
unnumbered page of errata)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
83. Apinocyptera Townsend, 1915q: 94.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Apinocyptera signata Townsend, 1915.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Apinocyptera signata Townsend, 1915, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid subgenus of Cylindromyia Meigen, 1803 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 214)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
84. Aplomyodoria Townsend, 1928e: 160.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Aplomyodoria arida Townsend, 1928.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Aplomyodoria arida Townsend, 1928, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 161)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
85. Aplomyopsis Townsend, 1927a: 268.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Aplomyopsis brasiliensis Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Aplomyopsis brasiliensis Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 116)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
86. Apostrophusia Townsend, 1933a: 454.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Apostrophus anthophilus Loew, 1871.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Apostrophus anthophilus Loew, 1871, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Besseria Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste Herting & Dely-Draskovits (1993:
432)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
87. Arabiopsis Townsend, 1915k: 285.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Arabiopsis cocklei Townsend, 1915.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Arabiopsis cocklei Townsend, 1915 [= Eumetopia stelviana Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891], by
original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Sphenometopa Townsend, 1908 [teste Pape (1996: 145)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
[Arabisca] Townsend, 1935f: 208.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Unavailable name; characters to differentiate not given; type species is a nomen nudum; treated
under Sphecapatodes Villeneuve, 1912 [teste this work].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
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CHARLES HENRY TYLER TOWNSEND
R
EMARKS
: Townsend (1935f) listed the name and species (Arabisca dimorpha) based on anticipation of its being
published by Rohdendorf, which did not happen. The Townsend name is omitted from Pape (1996) but it
is the same as the nomen nudum Arabisca of Rohdendorf (1937), which is treated by Pape (1996: 144)
under Sphecapatodes.
88. Arachnidomyia Townsend, 1934b: 111.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Sarcophaga davidsonii Coquillett, 1892.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Sarcophaga davidsonii Coquillett, 1892, by monotypy.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Mehria Enderlein, 1928 (valid subgenus of Sarcophaga Meigen, 1826) [teste
Pape (1996: 361)]
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Originally proposed as a full genus. Pape (1996: 361) gave the method of type species fixation for
Arachnidomyia Townsend, 1934 as by original designation, but this is incorrect. Townsend (1934b: 111)
stated “Proposed for Sarcophaga davidsonii Coq.”, which is not an explicit designation of that species as
the type [see Evenhuis & Thompson (1990) and Sabrosky (1999) for more details]. Thus, because there is
only one included species, the type fixation for Arachnidomyia is Sarcophaga davidsonii Coquillett, 1892,
by monotypy
89. Aravaipa Townsend, 1919b: 589.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Aravaipa atrophopoda Townsend, 1919.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Aravaipa atrophopoda Townsend, 1919, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Distichona Wulp, 1890 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 170)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
[Archinactia] Townsend, 1927a: 258.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Incorrect original spelling of Arrhinactia Townsend, 1927 [teste Townsend (1927a: second
unnumbered page of errata)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
90. Archytoepalpus Townsend, 1927a: 255.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Archytoepalpus rufiventris Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Archytoepalpus rufiventris Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 60)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
91. Arctophyto Townsend, 1915b: 22.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Paraphyto borealis Coquillett, 1900; Arctophyto wickhami Townsend, 1915
(with “Paraphyto (Trixa) gillettei Coquillett, 1897” in synonymy).
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Paraphyto borealis Coquillett, 1900, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Ateloglossa Coquillett, 1899 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 20)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
92. Argentoepalpus Townsend, 1919a: 178.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Epalpus niveus Townsend, 1914.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Epalpus niveus Townsend, 1914, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Epalpus Rondani, 1850 [teste Guimarães (1971: 63)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
EVENHUIS ET AL.
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93. Argoravinia Townsend, 1917i: 190.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Sarcophaga argentea Townsend, 1912.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Sarcophaga argentea Townsend, 1912 [= Sarcophaga rufiventris Wiedemann, 1830], by original
designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Pape (1996: 175)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
94. Argyreomyia Townsend, 1915n: 426.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Argyreomyia busckii Townsend, 1915.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Argyreomyia busckii Townsend, 1915, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Leptostylum Macquart, 1851 [teste Guimarães (1971: 137)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
95. Argyrochaetona Townsend, 1919a: 167.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Argyrochaetona cubana Townsend, 1919.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Argyrochaetona cubana Townsend, 1919, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 161)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
96. Argyrodoria Townsend, 1927a: 265.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Argyrodoria hemiargyroides Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Argyrodoria hemiargyroides Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Myiopharus Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889 [teste Wood (1985: 61)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
97. Argyrophylacoides Townsend, 1933a: 477.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Degeeria zetterstedtii Karsch, 1886.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Degeeria zetterstedtii Karsch, 1886, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Cadurcia Villeneuve, 1926 [teste Crosskey (1980: 869)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
98. Argyrothelaira Townsend, 1916m: 311.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Argyrothelaira froggattii Townsend, 1916.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Argyrothelaira froggattii Townsend, 1916, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Cantrell & Crosskey (1989: 772)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
99. Arrhinactia Townsend, 1927a: 258, 288.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Arrhinactia cylindrica Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Arrhinactia cylindrica Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 51)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: There are two original spellings for this nominal genus in Townsend (1927a): Archinactia (page 258)
and Arrhinactia (page 288). Townsend (1927a: second unnumbered page of errata) corrected the spelling.
Zootaxa 3978 (1) © 2015 Magnolia Press
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53
CHARLES HENRY TYLER TOWNSEND
100. Arrhinodexia Townsend, 1927d: 282.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Arrhinodexia atrata Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Arrhinodexia atrata Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Uromedina Townsend, 1926 [teste O’Hara et al. (2009: 56)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
101. Asbellopsis Townsend, 1928a: 378.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Asbellopsis luzonensis Townsend, 1928.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Asbellopsis luzonensis Townsend, 1928, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Dexia Meigen, 1826 [teste Crosskey (1977b: 601)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
102. Asilidodexia Townsend, 1927d: 279.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Asilidodexia asiliformis Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Asilidodexia asiliformis Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid subgenus of Lepidodexia Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891 [teste Pape (1996: 64).]
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Originally proposed as a full genus.
103. Asilidotachina Townsend, 1931e: 461.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Asilidotachina elongata Townsend, 1931.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Asilidotachina elongata Townsend, 1931, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 155)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
104. Atactomima Townsend, 1916d: 15.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Atactomima crescentis Townsend, 1916.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Atactomima crescentis Townsend, 1916, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Atacta Schiner, 1868 [teste Guimarães (1971: 180)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
[Atactomina] Townsend, 1927a: 241.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Incorrect subsequent spelling of Atactomima Townsend, 1916.
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Criteria to make this name available as an emendation were not found to be fulfilled in this work. The
spelling was corrected in the same work (Townsend, 1927a: second unnumbered page of errata).
105. Atactopsis Townsend, 1917c: 229.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Atactopsis facialis Townsend, 1917.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Atactopsis facialis Townsend, 1917, original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 160)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
106. Atactosturmia Townsend, 1915q: 92.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Blepharipa politana Townsend, 1892.
EVENHUIS ET AL.
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Zootaxa 3978 (1) © 2015 Magnolia Press
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Blepharipa politana Townsend, 1892, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 180)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
107. Atelecephala Townsend, 1916b: 617.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Hypoderma diana Brauer, 1858.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Hypoderma diana Brauer, 1858, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Hypoderma Latreille, 1818 [teste Soós & Minář (1986: 250; as
“Atelocephala”)].
F
AMILY
: OESTRIDAE.
108. Athryciopsis Townsend, 1933a: 468.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Tachina ruficornis Zetterstedt, 1844.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Tachina ruficornis Zetterstedt, 1844 [= Tachina curvinervis Zetterstedt, 1844], by original
designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Athrycia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste Herting & Dely-Draskovits (1993:
382)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: The genus-group name is misspelled as Arthryciopsis in the index to the journal (Anonymous, 1933:
566).
109. Atractocerops Townsend, 1916m: 307.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Atractocerops ceylanica Townsend, 1916.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Atractocerops ceylanica Townsend, 1916, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste (O’Hara et al. (2009: 101)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
110. Atractogonia Townsend, 1932a: 44.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Gonia angustata Zetterstedt, 1844.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Gonia angustata Zetterstedt, 1844, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Germaria Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste Herting & Dely-Draskovits
(1993: 281)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
111. Atractouclesia Townsend, 1931e: 460.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Uclesia retracta Aldrich, 1926.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Uclesia retracta Aldrich, 1926, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Uclesia Girschner, 1901 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 71)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
112. Atrichiopoda Townsend, 1931d: 322.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Atrichiopoda oviventris Townsend, 1931.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Atrichiopoda oviventris Townsend, 1931, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 6)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
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55
CHARLES HENRY TYLER TOWNSEND
113. Atropharista Townsend, 1892n: 92 [1892o: 134].
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Atropharista jurinoides Townsend, 1892.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Atropharista jurinoides Townsend, 1892, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Melanophrys Williston, 1886 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 243)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Atropharista was made available in two papers issued simultaneously in the June issue of the
Transactions of the American Entomological Society. Although page precedence is not regulated in the
ICZN Code, most workers give the original citation for this nominal genus as dating from the full
description of it in Townsend (1892n: 92) rather than from Townsend (1892o: 134), in which characters to
differentiate it are given in the key to genera.
114. Atrophopalpus Townsend, 1892i: 130.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Atrophopalpus angusticornis Townsend, 1892.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Atrophopalpus angusticornis Townsend, 1892, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Paradidyma Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891 [teste O’Hara & Wood (1998:
754)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
115. Atrophopoda Townsend, 1891m: 373.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Atrophopoda singularis Townsend, 1891.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Atrophopoda singularis Townsend, 1891, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Paradidyma Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004:
272).
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Both Atrophopoda Townsend and Paradidyma Brauer & Bergenstamm were published in 1891.
Paradidyma Brauer & Bergenstamm was published on 17 December [see Evenhuis (2014) for dating] and
Atrophopoda Townsend was published in November (date printed on issue). In the interests of stability of
nomenclature and taxonomy, Paradidyma Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891 is treated here as having priority
over Atrophopoda Townsend, 1891.
116. Atrypoderma Townsend, 1919b: 592.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Musca americana Fabricius, 1775 (with “Trypoderma americana Wiedemann”
in synonymy).
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Musca americana Fabricius, 1775, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Cuterebra Clark, 1815 [teste Papavero & Guimarães (2009: 2)].
F
AMILY
: OESTRIDAE.
117. Aubaeanetia Townsend, 1919b: 569.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Aubaeanetia assimilis Townsend, 1919.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Aubaeanetia assimilis Townsend, 1919, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Oswaldia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1862 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 102)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
118. Auchmeromyiella Townsend, 1918d: 154.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Auchmeromyiella angola Townsend, 1918.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Auchmeromyiella angola Townsend, 1918 [= Parochromyia varia Hough, 1898], by original
designation.
EVENHUIS ET AL.
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C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Hemigymnochaeta Corti, 1895 [teste Pont (1980c: 792)].
F
AMILY
: CALLIPHORIDAE.
119. Aulacocephalopsis Townsend, 1919a: 165.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Aulacocephala badia Gerstaecker, 1863.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Aulacocephala badia Gerstaecker, 1863, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Aulacephala Macquart, 1851 [teste Crosskey (1980: 836)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
120. Aulacophyto Townsend, 1919a: 158.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Aulacophyto auromaculata Townsend, 1919.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Aulacophyto auromaculata Townsend, 1919 [preoccupied by Euparaphyto auromaculata
Townsend, 1919; = Microcerella aulacophyto Pape, 1990], by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Microcerella Macquart, 1851 [teste Pape (1996: 251)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
121. Austenina Townsend, 1921a: 132.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Glossina brevipalpis Newstead, 1910.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Glossina brevipalpis Newstead, 1910, by monotypy.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid subgenus of Glossina Wiedemann, 1830 [teste Pont (1980b: 762)].
F
AMILY
: GLOSSINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Originally proposed as a full genus. Pont (1980b: 762) gave the method of type fixation for Austenina
Townsend, 1921 as by original designation, but this is incorrect. Townsend (1921a: 132) stated “Proposed
for Glossina brevipalpis Newstead (1910)”, which is not an explicit designation of that species as the type
[see Evenhuis & Thompson (1990) and Sabrosky (1999) for more details]. Thus, because there is only one
included species, the type fixation for Austenina is Glossina brevipalpis Newstead, 1910, by monotypy.
122. Austeniops Townsend, 1915q: 96.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Saundersia truncaticornis Wulp, 1888.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Saundersia truncaticornis Wulp, 1888, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 60)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
123. Austrohartigia Townsend, 1937c: 115.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Austrohartigia magellanica Townsend, 1937.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Austrohartigia magellanica Townsend, 1937 [= Sarcophaga spinigena Rondani, 1863], by
monotypy.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Microcerella Macquart, 1851 [teste Pape (1996: 251)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Pape (1996: 251) gave the method of type species fixation as by original designation, but this is
incorrect. Examination of the original publication shows no evidence of an original designation, thus,
because there is only one included species, the designation is by monotypy.
124. Austrolydella Townsend, 1919b: 573.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Austrolydella assimilis Townsend, 1919.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Austrolydella assimilis Townsend, 1919, by original designation.
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CHARLES HENRY TYLER TOWNSEND
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Myiopharus Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889 [teste Wood (1985: 61)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
125. Austromacquartia Townsend, 1934e: 248.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Macquartia claripennis Malloch, 1932.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Macquartia claripennis Malloch, 1932, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Cantrell & Crosskey (1989: 755)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
126. Austrophasia Townsend, 1916j: 45.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Hyalomyia rufiventris Macquart, 1851.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Hyalomyia rufiventris Macquart, 1851, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Phasia Latreille, 1804 [teste Sun & Marshall (2003: 19)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Originally proposed as a full genus.
127. Austrophasiopsis Townsend, 1933a: 448.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Austrophasiopsis formosensis Townsend, 1933.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Austrophasiopsis formosensis Townsend, 1933, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste (O’Hara et al. (2009: 156)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
128. Austrophorocera Townsend, 1916i: 157.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Phorocera biserialis Macquart, 1847.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Phorocera biserialis Macquart, 1847, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 141)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
129. Austrophryno Townsend, 1916i: 160.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Tachina densa Walker, 1853.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Tachina densa Walker, 1853 [= Exorista diversicolor Macquart, 1847], by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Cantrell & Crosskey (1989: 782)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
130. Austrostaurochaeta Townsend, 1931e: 476.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Degeeria antarctica Thomson, 1869.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Degeeria antarctica Thomson, 1869, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Admontia Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889 [teste Wood (1985: 17)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
131. Avibrissosturmia Townsend, 1927a: 266.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Avibrissosturmia avida Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Avibrissosturmia avida Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 194)].
EVENHUIS ET AL.
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Zootaxa 3978 (1) © 2015 Magnolia Press
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
132. Awatia Townsend, 1921a: 132.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Musca indica Awati, 1916.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Musca indica Awati, 1916 [preoccupied by Musca indica Harris, 1776; = Musca planiceps
Wiedemann, 1824], by monotypy.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Byomya Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste Pont (1977a: 455)], which is
currently treated as a junior synonym of Musca Linnaeus, 1758 [teste Pont (1986: 87)].
F
AMILY
: MUSCIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Pont (1977a: 455) gave the method of type fixation for Awatia Townsend, 1921 as by original
designation, but this is incorrect. Townsend (1921a: 132–133) stated “Proposed for Musca indica Awati
(1916)”, which is not an explicit designation of that species as the type [see Thompson & Evenhuis (1990);
Sabrosky (1999) for more details]. Thus, because there is only one included species, the type fixation for
Awatia is Musca indica Awati, 1916, by monotypy. Pont (1977a: 455) treated Byomya as a subgenus of
Musca Linnaeus, 1758, but subsequently (Pont, 1986: 87) considered it a junior synonym of Musca; the
latter concept is followed here.
133. Azulihoughia Townsend, 1934f: 401.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Azulihoughia amazonica Townsend, 1934.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Azulihoughia amazonica Townsend, 1934, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Calocarcelia Townsend, 1927 [teste Guimarães (1971: 202)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
134. Azygobothria Townsend, 1911a: 142.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Azygobothria aurea Townsend, 1911.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Azygobothria aurea Townsend, 1911, by monotypy.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 187)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Guimarães (1971: 187) gave the method of type fixation as by original designation (as “gen., sp. n.”),
but this is incorrect. The ICZN Code Article 68.2.1 allows such a phraseology to be an original designation
only if it is applied to one of two or more originally included species. In this case, there is only one
included species, thus the type fixation is by monotypy. Townsend (1912f: 322) [which was listed by
Guimarães (1971: 187) as a secondary citation for this genus] described the genus and explicitly
designated Azygobothria aurea Townsend as the type species, but this was later and referred to the 1911
paper for the original description.
135. Barydexia Townsend, 1928a: 379.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Barydexia bivittata Townsend, 1928.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Barydexia bivittata Townsend, 1928, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Dexia Meigen, 1826 [teste Crosskey (1977b: 601)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
136. Bathytheresia Townsend, 1928b: 146.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Bathytheresia bassleri Townsend, 1928.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Bathytheresia bassleri Townsend, 1928 [= Sarcophaga claripalpis Wulp, 1896], by original
designation.
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59
CHARLES HENRY TYLER TOWNSEND
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Billaea Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste O’Hara & Wood (1998: 754)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
137. Baucuterebra Townsend, 1943a: 333.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Cutiterebra schroederi Enderlein, 1908 (as “Cuterebra schroederi En”).
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Cutiterebra schroederi Enderlein, 1908 (as “Cuterebra schroederi En”), by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Metacuterebra Bau, 1929 [teste Papavero & Guimarães (2009: 5; as
“Baucuterebra Guimarães & Carrera, 1941”)].
F
AMILY
: OESTRIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: According to Evenhuis et al. (2008: 6), Guimarães & Carrera originally proposed Baucuterebra (as a
subgenus of Cuterebra Clark, 1815) without a type-species designation from two originally included
species. The ICZN Code Article 13.3 states that, to be available, all genus-group names proposed after
1930 must be accompanied by a type-species fixation. The name is thus unavailable from Guimarães &
Carrera (1941). Two years later, Townsend (1943a: 333) listed the genus-group name in his addenda, gave
a bibliographic reference to the original description, and designated Cutiterebra schroederi Enderlein,
1909 (as “Cuterebra schroederi”) as the type species by original designation. The authorship and date of
availability of Baucuterebra is thus Townsend (1943a). The two catalogs treating this nominal genus
[Guimarães (1967b: 2) and Papavero & Guimarães (2009: 5)] each gave the authorship and date
incorrectly as Guimarães & Carrera, 1941.
138. Belvosiomima Townsend, 1915n: 413.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Belvosiomima fosteri Townsend, 1915.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Belvosiomima fosteri Townsend, 1915, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Belvosia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste Guimarães (1971: 180)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
139. Belvosiomimops Townsend, 1935c: 229.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Belvosiomimops barbiellinii Townsend, 1935.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Belvosiomimops barbiellinii Townsend, 1935, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 183)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
140. Belvosiopsis Townsend, 1927a: 248.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Belvosiopsis brasiliensis Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Belvosiopsis brasiliensis Townsend, 1927 [= Belvosia weynberghiana Wulp, 1883], by original
designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Belvosia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste Guimarães (1971: 181)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
141. Bercaeopsis Townsend, 1917i: 192.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Sarcophaga tetra Aldrich, 1916.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Sarcophaga tetra Aldrich, 1916, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid subgenus of Sarcophaga Meigen, 1826 [teste Pape (1996: 65)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Originally proposed as a full genus.
EVENHUIS ET AL.
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142. Berendtia Townsend, 1921a: 133.†
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Berendtia baltica Townsend, 1921.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Berendtia baltica Townsend, 1921, by monotypy.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Preoccupied by Crossa & Fischer, 1869; senior (but invalid) synonym of Novoberendtia Rapp,
1845 [teste Evenhuis (1994: 464)].
F
AMILY
: OESTRIDAE.
143. Beskiocephala Townsend, 1916d: 17.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Beskiocephala flava Townsend, 1916.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Beskiocephala flava Townsend, 1916, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 116)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
144. Beskioleskia Townsend, 1919b: 562.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Beskioleskia busckii Townsend, 1919.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Beskioleskia busckii Townsend, 1919, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 116)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
145. Bezzimyia Townsend, 1919b: 591.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Bezzimyia busckii Townsend, 1919.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Bezzimyia busckii Townsend, 1919, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Pape & Arnaud (2001: 257)].
F
AMILY
: RHINOPHORIDAE.
146. Bicruciosturmia Townsend, 1932b: 106.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Bicruciosturmia bicricus Townsend, 1932.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Bicruciosturmia bicricus Townsend, 1932, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Winthemia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste Coelho et al. (1989: 274)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
[Bigonichaeta] Townsend, 1909b: 245 [1911a: 161].
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Incorrect subsequent spelling of Bigonicheta Rondani, 1844 or subsequent usage of
Bigonichaeta Schiner, 1864.
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: The earliest mention of the nominal genus Bigonicheta Rondani, 1844 we have found using the spelling
“Bigonichaeta” is Bigonichaeta Schiner, 1864, as an unjustified emendation [teste O’Hara et al. (2011:
36)].
147. Binghamimyia Townsend, 1919a: 176.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Binghamimyia reclinata Townsend, 1919.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Binghamimyia reclinata Townsend, 1919, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 105)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
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CHARLES HENRY TYLER TOWNSEND
148. Biohypostena Townsend, 1927a: 280.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Biohypostena brasiliana Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Biohypostena brasiliana Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Lixophaga Townsend, 1927 [teste Wood (1985: 51)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
149. Biomyopsis Townsend, 1927h: 60.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Biomyopsis sumatrensis Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Biomyopsis sumatrensis Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Exorista Meigen, 1803 [teste Crosskey (1977b: 657)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
150. Biopyrellia Townsend, 1932b: 105.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Musca bipuncta Wiedemann, 1830.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Musca bipuncta Wiedemann, 1830, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Carvalho et al. (2005: 14)].
F
AMILY
: MUSCIDAE.
151. Bischofimyia Townsend, 1927a: 250.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Bischofimyia atra Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Bischofimyia atra Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 60)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
152. Blaesoxiphotheca Townsend, 1918a: 159.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Blaesoxiphotheca caudata Townsend, 1918.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Blaesoxiphotheca caudata Townsend, 1918, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Servaisia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863 (subgenus of Blaesoxipha Loew, 1861)
[teste Pape (1996: 202)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Originally proposed as a full genus.
[Blaesoyiphoteca] Townsend, 1927a: 230.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Incorrect subsequent spelling of Blaesoxiphotheca Townsend, 1918.
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Criteria to make this name available as an emendation were not found to be fulfilled in this work. The
name was corrected in the errata in Townsend (1927a: first unnumbered page).
153. Blephariatacta Townsend, 1931e: 467.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Blephariatacta brasiliana Townsend, 1931.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Blephariatacta brasiliana Townsend, 1931, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 183)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
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[Blepharocera] Townsend, 1892p: 155.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Incorrect subsequent spelling of Blepharicera Macquart, 1843.
F
AMILY
: BLEPHARICERIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Criteria to make this name available as an emendation were not found to be fulfilled in this work.
[Blupheropoda] Townsend, 1927a: 222.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Incorrect subsequent spelling of Blepharopoda Rondani, 1851.
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Criteria to make this name available as an emendation were not found to be fulfilled in this work. The
name was corrected in the errata in Townsend (1927a: first unnumbered page).
154. Bolodoria Townsend, 1927a: 262.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Bolodoria yahuarmayana Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Bolodoria yahuarmayana Townsend, 1927, original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Myiopharus Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889 [teste Wood (1985: 61)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
155. Bolohoughia Townsend, 1927a: 275.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Bolohoughia aurometallica Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Bolohoughia aurometallica Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Houghia Coquillett, 1897 [teste Fleming et al. (2014: 9)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
156. Bombobrachycoma Townsend, 1919a: 157.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Brachycoma davidsoni Coquillett, 1894.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Brachycoma davidsoni Coquillett, 1894, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Brachicoma Rondani, 1856 [teste Pape (1996: 161)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
157. Bombyliojeania Townsend, 1931d: 352.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Dejeania canescens Macquart, 1846.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Dejeania canescens Macquart, 1846, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Eudejeania Townsend, 1912 [teste Guimarães (1971: 53)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
158. Bombyliopsis Townsend, 1915b: 23.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Tachina abrupta Wiedemann, 1830.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Tachina abrupta Wiedemann, 1830, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Hystricia Macquart, 1844 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 290)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
159. Bonellimyia Townsend, 1919a: 177.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Tachina haemorrhoidalis Fallén, 1810 (with “Bonellia tessellans Robineau-
Desvoidy, 1830” in synonymy).
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CHARLES HENRY TYLER TOWNSEND
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Tachina haemorrhoidalis Fallén, 1810, automatic [by designation of the same species (by
subsequent designation of Townsend, 1916e: 6) for Bonellia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830].
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: New replacement name for Bonellia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830; junior synonym of Linnaemya
Robineau-Desvoidy, 1820 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 241)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Originally proposed as a full genus.
160. Bonnaniops Townsend, 1935c: 231.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Bonnaniops aberrans Townsend, 1935.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Bonnaniops aberrans Townsend, 1935, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Anisia Wulp, 1890 [teste Wood (1985: 20)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
161. Borbororhinia Townsend, 1917h: 188.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Borbororhinia pubescens Townsend, 1917.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Borbororhinia pubescens Townsend, 1917 [= Idia bivittata Walker, 1856], by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste James (1977: 543)].
F
AMILY
: RHINIIDAE.
162. Borgmeiermyia Townsend, 1935d: 293.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Borgmeiermyia brasiliana Townsend, 1935.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Borgmeiermyia brasiliana Townsend, 1935, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 165)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
163. Botriopsis Townsend, 1928a: 389.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Botriopsis bakeri Townsend, 1928.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Botriopsis bakeri Townsend, 1928, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Crosskey (1977b: 688)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
164. Brachybelvosia Townsend, 1927a: 248.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Brachybelvosia brasiliensis Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Brachybelvosia brasiliensis Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 183)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: There are two original spellings of the nominal type species of Brachybelvosia in Townsend (1927a):
brasiliensis (page 248) and brasilensis (page 291). By subsequent usage by the author (ICZN Code Article
24.2.4), Townsend (1941c: 61) acted as First Reviser and selected brasiliensis as the correct original
spelling.
[Brachychaeta] Townsend, 1909b: 245.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Incorrect subsequent spelling of Brachicheta Rondani, 1861 or subsequent usage of
Brachychaeta Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889.
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
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R
EMARKS
: The earliest mention of the nominal genus Brachicheta Rondani, 1861 we have found using the spelling
“Brachychaeta” is Brachychaeta Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889, as an unjustified emendation [teste
O’Hara et al. (2011: 41)].
165. Brachycnephalia Townsend, 1927a: 236.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Brachycnephalia brasiliensis Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Brachycnephalia brasiliensis Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 173)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
[Brachycoma] Townsend, 1892o: 136 [1911a: 130; 1935f: 269].
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Incorrect subsequent spelling of Brachicoma Rondani, 1856 or subsequent usage of
Brachycoma Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889.
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: The earliest mention of the nominal genus Brachicoma Rondani, 1856 we have found using the spelling
“Brachycoma” is Brachycoma Brauer & Bergenstamm (1889: 84), as an unjustified emendation, n. syn.
166. Brachymasicera Townsend, 1911a: 143.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Brachymasicera polita Townsend, 1911.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Brachymasicera polita Townsend, 1911, by monotypy.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 202)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Guimarães (1971: 202) gave the type species and method of fixation as Brachymasicera polita
Townsend, 1911 by original designation (as “gen., sp. n.”), but this is incorrect. The ICZN Code Article
68.2.1 allows such a phraseology to be an original designation only if it is applied to one of two or more
originally included species. In this case, there is only one included species, thus the type fixation for
Brachymasicera Townsend, 1911 is Brachymasicera polita Townsend, 1911, by monotypy.
167. Brachymeropsis Townsend, 1926d: 36.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Brachymeropsis sumatrensis Townsend, 1926.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Brachymeropsis sumatrensis Townsend, 1926, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Atylostoma Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889 [teste Crosskey (1977b: 626)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
168. Brauerimyia Townsend, 1908a: 65.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Wulpia aperta Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1893.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Wulpia aperta Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1893 [= Vanderwulpia sequens Townsend, 1892],
automatic [by designation of the same species (by monotypy) for Wulpia Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1893].
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: New replacement name for Wulpia Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1893; junior synonym of
Catemophrys Townsend, 1908 [teste Guimarães (1971: 114)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
169. Bufolucilia Townsend, 1919b: 542.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Lucilia bufonivora Moniez, 1876.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Lucilia bufonivora Moniez, 1876, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Lucilia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste Whitworth (2014: 9)].
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CHARLES HENRY TYLER TOWNSEND
F
AMILY
: CALLIPHORIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Originally proposed as a full genus.
170. Caeniopsis Townsend, 1927a: 275.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Caeniopsis brevifrons Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Caeniopsis brevifrons Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 206)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
171. Caenisoma Townsend, 1927a: 269.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Caenisoma charapense Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Caenisoma charapense Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Italispidea Townsend, 1927 [teste Wood (1985: 48)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
172. Caenisomopsis Townsend, 1934f: 398.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Caenisomopsis paraensis Townsend, 1934.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Caenisomopsis paraensis Townsend, 1934, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 127)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
173. Calliphoropsis Townsend, 1915b: 22.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Musca macularis Walker, 1858.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Musca macularis Walker, 1858, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Paramenia Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889 [teste Cantrell & Crosskey (1989:
718)].
F
AMILY
: CALLIPHORIDAE.
174. Callitrogopsis Townsend, 1935b: 70.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Callitrogopsis costalis Townsend, 1935.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Callitrogopsis costalis Townsend, 1935, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Cloroprocta Wulp, 1896 [teste Dear (1985: 113)].
F
AMILY
: CALLIPHORIDAE.
175. Calocarcelia Townsend, 1927a: 266.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Calocarcelia fasciata Townsend, 1927
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Calocarcelia fasciata Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 202)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Guimarães (1971: 202) gave the taxonomically valid type species as Musca cingulata Fabricius, 1805.
However, this is incorrect because that nominal species is preoccupied by Musca cingulata Geoffroy,
1785 [see Thompson & Pont (1994: 62)]. The next available name is Calocarcelia fasciata Townsend,
1927.
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176. Calohystricia Townsend, 1931d: 350.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Hystricia velutina Wulp, 1888.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Hystricia velutina Wulp, 1888, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 40)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
177. Calolydella Townsend, 1927a: 278.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Calolydella geminata Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Calolydella geminata Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 81)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
178. Calotarsa Townsend, 1894a: 50.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Calotarsa ornatipes Townsend, 1894.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Calotarsa ornatipes Townsend, 1894 [= Platypeza pallipes Loew, 1866], by monotypy.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Poole (1996: 215)].
F
AMILY
: PLATYPEZIDAE.
179. Calothelaira Townsend, 1927a: 218.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Myobia flavicornis Wulp, 1890.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Myobia flavicornis Wulp, 1890, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Calodexia Wulp, 1891 [teste Wood (1985: 25)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
180. Calotheresia Townsend, 1926d: 29.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Calotheresia sumatrensis Townsend, 1926.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Calotheresia sumatrensis Townsend, 1926 [secondary homonym of Eomyoceropsis sumatrensis
Townsend, 1926; = Dexia fulvifera Röder, 1893], by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Dexia Meigen, 1826 [teste Crosskey (1977b: 601)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Crosskey (1976: 179) pointed out an interesting homonymy with the type species of this nominal genus.
By newly placing Eomyoceropsis sumatrensis Townsend, 1926 and Calotheresia sumatrensis in Dexia
Meigen, 1826, the two became secondary homonyms of each other. But what is more remarkable is that in
the same paper as the original descriptions of these two new nominal species, Townsend (1926d: 38–39)
realized that these two were not only synonymous but were male and female of the same species and
added this information as an addenda and corrigenda to page 29 of his paper. Crosskey (1976: 179) solved
the dilemma of homonymy and which name had priority by placing them both as junior synonyms of
Dexia fulvifera Röder, 1893.
181. Calozenillia Townsend, 1927h: 67.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Calozenillia auronigra Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Calozenillia auronigra Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Crosskey (1977b: 674)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
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67
CHARLES HENRY TYLER TOWNSEND
182. Calpodomyia Townsend, 1915n: 414.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Calpodomyia linearis Townsend, 1915.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Calpodomyia linearis Townsend, 1915, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Sphaerina Wulp, 1890 [teste Wood (1985: 80)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
183. Camposiana Townsend, 1915q: 95.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Camposiana emarginata Townsend, 1915.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Camposiana emarginata Townsend, 1915, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 60)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
184. Camptophryno Townsend, 1927a: 277.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Camptophryno orbitalis Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Camptophryno orbitalis Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 206)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
185. Camptopsis Townsend, 1918a: 162.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Camptopsis miamensis Townsend, 1918.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Camptopsis miamensis Townsend, 1918, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Johnsonia Coquillett, 1895 (subgenus of Lepidodexia Brauer &
Bergenstamm, 1891) [teste Pape (1996: 235)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Originally published as a full genus.
[Carcalia] Townsend, 1927h: 65.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Incorrect subsequent spelling of Carcelia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830.
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Criteria to make this name available as an emendation were not found to be fulfilled in this work.
186. Carceliocephala Townsend, 1934f: 402.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Carceliocephala crypta Townsend, 1934.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Carceliocephala crypta Townsend, 1934, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Houghia Coquillett, 1897 [teste Fleming et al. (2014: 9)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
187. Carceliodoria Townsend, 1928b: 150.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Carceliodoria palpalis Townsend, 1928.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Carceliodoria palpalis Townsend, 1928, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 203)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
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188. Carceliopsis Townsend, 1927h: 66.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Carceliopsis sumatrensis Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Carceliopsis sumatrensis Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Carcelia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste O’Hara et al. (2009: 60)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
189. Carcinomyia Townsend, 1915b: 21.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Cynomya hirta Hough, 1898.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Cynomya hirta Hough, 1898, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Cynomya Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste Poole (1996: 78)].
F
AMILY
: CALLIPHORIDAE.
190. Casahuiria Townsend, 1919b: 581.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Casahuiria cornuta Townsend, 1919.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Casahuiria cornuta Townsend, 1919, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 206)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
191. Catacarcelia Townsend, 1927h: 66.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Catacarcelia kockiana Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Catacarcelia kockiana Townsend, 1927 [preoccupied by Carcelia kockiana Townsend, 1927 (but
see below)], by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid subgenus of Carcelia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste Cantrell & Crosskey (1989: 773)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Originally proposed as a full genus. Crosskey (1977b) and Cantrell & Crosskey (1989) noted the
secondary homonymy of Carcelia kockiana Townsend, 1927 and Catacarcelia kockiana Townsend, 1927
and preferred to not rename Catacarcelia kockiana Townsend, 1927 pending a revision of the genus.
192. Catagoniopsis Townsend, 1926a: 29.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Catagoniopsis infernalis Townsend, 1926.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Catagoniopsis infernalis Townsend, 1926 [= Phorocera specularis Aldrich & Webber, 1924], by
original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Patelloa Townsend, 1916 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 193)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
193. Catajurinia Townsend, 1927a: 245.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Catajurinia angusta Townsend, 1927 (as “augusta”).
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Catajurinia angusta Townsend, 1927 (as “augusta”), by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 75)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: There are two original spellings of the nominal type species of Catajurinia in Townsend (1927a):
augusta (page 245) and angusta (page 294). Townsend (1927a: second unnumbered page of errata)
corrected the spelling .
194. Catalinovoria Townsend, 1926a: 37.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Catalinovoria cauta Townsend, 1926.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Catalinovoria cauta Townsend, 1926, by original designation.
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CHARLES HENRY TYLER TOWNSEND
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Hypovoria Villeneuve, 1912 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 58)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
195. Catapariprosopa Townsend, 1927d: 285.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Catapariprosopa curvicauda Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Catapariprosopa curvicauda Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste O’Hara et al. (2009: 125)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
196. Cataphorinia Townsend, 1927a: 280.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Cataphorinia angusta Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Cataphorinia angusta Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Lixophaga Townsend, 1908 [teste Wood (1985: 52)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
197. Cataphyto Townsend, 1935b: 72.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Cataphyto cuneata Townsend, 1935.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Cataphyto cuneata Townsend, 1935, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Sarcofahrtiopsis Hall, 1933 [teste Pape (1996: 293)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
198. Catasarcophaga Townsend, 1927a: 220.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Catasarcophaga trivittata Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Catasarcophaga trivittata Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Ravinia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863 [teste Pape (1996: 284)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
199. Catemophrys Townsend, 1908a: 65.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Vanderwulpia sequens Townsend, 1892.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Vanderwulpia sequens Townsend, 1892, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Vanderwulpia Townsend, 1891 [teste O’Hara & Wood (1998: 754)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
200. Catheteronychia Townsend, 1927a: 230.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Catheteronychia chaetosa Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Catheteronychia chaetosa Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Microcerella Macquart, 1851 [teste Pape (1996: 250)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
201. Catocyptera Townsend, 1927a: 215.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Catocyptera brasiliana Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Catocyptera brasiliana Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Cylindromyia Meigen, 1803 [teste Guimarães (1976: 6)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
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[Cephalomyia] Townsend, 1912a: 53 [1918d: 152].
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Incorrect subsequent spelling of Cephalemyia Latreille, 1818 or subsequent usage of
Cephalomyia Agassiz, 1846.
F
AMILY
: OESTRIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: The earliest mention of the nominal genus Cephalemyia Latreille, 1818 using the spelling
“Cephalomyia” is Cephalomyia Agassiz, 1846, as an unjustified emendation.
202. Cephalopsis Townsend, 1912a: 53.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Oestrus maculatus Wiedemann, 1830.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Oestrus maculatus Wiedemann, 1830 [= Oestrus titillator Clark, 1816], by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Preoccupied by Fitzinger, 1874; senior (but invalid) synonym of Cephalopina Strand, 1928
[teste Pont (1980e: 886)].
F
AMILY
: OESTRIDAE.
[Cephenomyia] Townsend, 1891b: 94 [1892y: 2].
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Incorrect subsequent spelling of Cephenemyia Latreille, 1818 or subsequent usage of
Cephenomyia Agassiz, 1846.
F
AMILY
: OESTRIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: The earliest mention of the nominal genus Cephenemyia Latreille, 1818 using the spelling
“Cephenomyia” is Cephenomyia Agassiz (1846: 72) as an unjustified emendation. Townsend (1935f:
269) explicitly listed “Cephenomyia” as a previously published emendation.
203. Ceratometopa Townsend, 1931d: 341.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Ceratometopa cornifera Townsend, 1931.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Ceratometopa cornifera Townsend, 1931, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 23)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
204. Ceratomyiella Townsend, 1891m: 379.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Ceratomyiella conica Townsend, 1891.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Ceratomyiella conica Townsend, 1891, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Paradidyma Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004:
272).
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Both Ceratomyiella Townsend and Paradidyma Brauer & Bergenstamm were published in 1891.
Paradidyma Brauer & Bergenstamm was published on 17 December [see Evenhuis (2014) for dating] and
Ceratomyiella Townsend was published in November (date printed on issue). In the interests of stability of
nomenclature and taxonomy, Paradidyma Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891 is treated here as having priority
over Ceratomyiella Townsend, 1891.
205. Ceromasiops Townsend, 1911b: 156, 170.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Ceromasia rufipes Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Ceromasia rufipes Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891 sensu Townsend, 1911 [misidentification; =
Tachina pallipes Fallén, 1820], by monotypy.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Ocytata Gistel, 1848 [teste Herting & Dely-Draskovits (1993: 240)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
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CHARLES HENRY TYLER TOWNSEND
206. Ceromasiopsis Townsend, 1927a: 273.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Ceromasiopsis brasiliensis Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Ceromasiopsis brasiliensis Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 206)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
[Ceroplatus] Townsend, 1892p: 147.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Incorrect subsequent spelling of Keroplatus Bosc, 1792.
F
AMILY
: KEROPLATIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Criteria to make this name available as an emendation were not found to be fulfilled in this work.
207. Chaetanicia Townsend, 1933a: 445.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Chaetanicia sauteri Townsend, 1933.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Chaetanicia sauteri Townsend, 1933, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Metopia Meigen, 1803 [teste Pape (1996: 97)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
[Chaeteprosopa] Townsend, 1927a: 237.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Incorrect subsequent spelling of Choeteprosopa Macquart, 1851.
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Criteria to make this name available as an emendation were not found to be fulfilled in this work.
208. Chaetocalirrhoe Townsend, 1935c: 217.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Chaetocalirrhoe grandis Townsend, 1935.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Chaetocalirrhoe grandis Townsend, 1935, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 28)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
209. Chaetocnephalia Townsend, 1915i: 63.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Chaetocnephalia alpina Townsend, 1915.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Chaetocnephalia alpina Townsend, 1915, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 174)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
210. Chaetocrania Townsend, 1915b: 23.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Spallanzania antennalis Coquillett, 1897.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Spallanzania antennalis Coquillett, 1897, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 165)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
211. Chaetocraniopsis Townsend, 1915i: 68.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Chaetocraniopsis chilensis Townsend, 1915.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Chaetocraniopsis chilensis Townsend, 1915, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 174)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
EVENHUIS ET AL.
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212. Chaetodoria Townsend, 1927a: 259.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Chaetodoria conica Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Chaetodoria conica Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971:129)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
213. Chaetogaediopsis Townsend, 1916b: 620.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Gaediopsis cockerellii Coquillett, 1902.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Gaediopsis cockerellii Coquillett, 1902 [= Mystacella lugubris Wulp, 1890], by original
designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Gaediopsis Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004:
176).
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
214. Chaetoglossa Townsend, 1892n: 125 [1892o: 138].
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Chaetoglossa picticornis Townsend, 1892; Chaetoglossa violae Townsend,
1892; Chaetoglossa nigripalpis Townsend, 1892.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Chaetoglossa picticornis Townsend, 1892, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 167)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Chaetoglossa was made available in two papers issued simultaneously in the June issue of the
Transactions of the American Entomological Society. Although page precedence is not regulated in the
ICZN Code, most workers give the original citation for this nominal genus as dating from the full
description of it in Townsend (1892n: 125) rather than from Townsend (1892o: 138), in which characters
to differentiate it are given in the key to genera.
[Chaetolyga] Townsend, 1892o: 133 [1892y: 12].
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Incorrect spelling of Chetoliga Rondani, 1856 or subsequent usage of Chaetolyga Brauer, 1880.
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: The earliest mention of the nominal genus Chetoliga Rondani, 1856 using the spelling “Chaetolyga”
that we have found in this study is Chaetolyga Brauer (1880: 97), as an unjustified emendation, n. syn.
215. Chaetonodexodes Townsend, 1916m: 321.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Chaetonodexodes rafaeli Townsend, 1916.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Chaetonodexodes rafaeli Townsend, 1916, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 82)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
216. Chaetonopsis Townsend, 1915b: 21.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Chaetona spinosa Coquillett, 1899.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Chaetona spinosa Coquillett, 1899, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 53)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
217. Chaetophlepsis Townsend, 1915n: 422.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Chaetophlepsis tarsalis Townsend, 1915.
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CHARLES HENRY TYLER TOWNSEND
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Chaetophlepsis tarsalis Townsend, 1915, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Campylocheta Rondani, 1859 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 81].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
218. Chaetophorocera Townsend, 1912f: 342.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Chaetophorocera andina Townsend, 1912; Chaetophorocera fuscosa Townsend,
1912.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Chaetophorocera andina Townsend, 1912, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 206)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
[Chaetoprosopa] Townsend, 1892y: 12 [1931b: 176].
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Incorrect subsequent spelling of Choeteprosopa Macquart, 1851 or subsequent usage of
Chaetoprosopa Marschall, 1873.
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: The earliest mention found in this study of the nominal genus Choeteprosopa Macquart, 1851 using the
spelling “Chaetoprosopa” as an unjustified emendation is Chaetoprosopa Marschall (1873: 72), n. syn.
219. Chaetopyrellia Townsend, 1932b: 106.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Pyrellia ochrifacies Rondani, 1850.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Pyrellia ochrifacies Rondani, 1850 [= Pyrellia violacea Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830], by original
designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Morellia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste Carvalho et al. (2005: 15)].
F
AMILY
: MUSCIDAE.
220. Chaetoravinia Townsend, 1917i: 190.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Helicobia quadrisetosa Coquillett, 1901.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Helicobia quadrisetosa Coquillett, 1901 [= Sarcophaga derelicta Walker, 1853], by original
designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Ravinia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863 [teste Pape (1996: 284)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
221. Chaetosisyrops Townsend, 1912f: 320.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Chaetosisyrops montanus Townsend, 1912.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Chaetosisyrops montanus Townsend, 1912, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 203)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
222. Chaetostigmoptera Townsend, 1916b: 624.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Chaetophleps crassinervis Walton, 1913.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Chaetophleps crassinervis Walton, 1913, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 82)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
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223. Chaetotheresia Townsend, 1931d: 346.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Musca crassa Wiedemann, 1830.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Musca crassa Wiedemann, 1830, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 36)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
224. Chaetoxynops Townsend, 1928b: 148.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Chaetoxynops chaetosa Townsend, 1928; Chaetoxynops paraguayana
Townsend, 1928.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Chaetoxynops chaetosa Townsend, 1928, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 129)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
225. Chaquimayoia Townsend, 1927a: 235.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Chaquimayoia plumosula Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Chaquimayoia plumosula Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Lixophaga Townsend, 1908 [teste Wood (1985: 51)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
226. Charapemyia Townsend, 1919b: 589.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Charapemyia calida Townsend, 1919.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Charapemyia calida Townsend, 1919 [= Neotrafoia incarum Townsend, 1912] by original
designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Trafoia Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1893 [teste Guimarães (1971: 83)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
227. Charapozelia Townsend, 1927a: 227.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Charapozelia fulviventris Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Charapozelia fulviventris Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 37)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
228. Chiloclista Townsend, 1931d: 334.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Chiloclista bicolor Townsend, 1931
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Chiloclista bicolor Townsend, 1931, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 97)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
229. Chiloepalpus Townsend, 1927d: 281.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Chiloepalpus aurifacies Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Chiloepalpus aurifacies Townsend, 1927 [= Jurinia callipyga Bigot, 1857], by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 60)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
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CHARLES HENRY TYLER TOWNSEND
[Chilosia] Townsend, 1895e: 611.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Incorrect subsequent spelling of Cheilosia Meigen, 1803.
F
AMILY
: SYRPHIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Criteria to make this name available as an emendation were not found to be fulfilled in this work.
230. Chiricahuia Townsend, 1918b: 177.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Chiricahuia cavicola Townsend, 1918.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Chiricahuia cavicola Townsend, 1918, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 266)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
231. Chlorobrachycoma Townsend, 1918d: 155.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Chlorobrachycoma splendida Townsend, 1918.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Chlorobrachycoma splendida Townsend, 1918, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Sarconesia Bigot, 1857 [teste Dear (1979: 154)].
F
AMILY
: CALLIPHORIDAE.
232. Chlorodexia Townsend, 1916i: 154.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Chlorodexia froggattii Townsend, 1916.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Chlorodexia froggattii Townsend, 1916, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Chlorotachina Townsend, 1915 [teste Cantrell & Crosskey (1989: 759)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
233. Chlorogastropsis Townsend, 1926b: 544.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Chlorogaster rufipes Schiner, 1868.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Chlorogaster rufipes Schiner, 1868 [= Tachina orga Walker, 1849], by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Cantrell & Crosskey (1989: 782)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
234. Chlorohystricia Townsend, 1927a: 244.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Chlorohystricia purpurea Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Chlorohystricia purpurea Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 40)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
235. Chloroidia Townsend, 1917h: 196.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Strongyloneura flavifrons Townsend, 1917.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Strongyloneura flavifrons Townsend, 1917 [= Idia prolata Walker, 1860], by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Strongyloneura Bigot, 1886 [teste James (1977: 555)].
F
AMILY
: RHINIIDAE.
236. Chlorolydella Townsend, 1933a: 473.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Chlorolydella caffrariae Townsend, 1933.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Chlorolydella caffrariae Townsend, 1933, by original designation.
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C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Crosskey (1980: 877)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
237. Chlorometaphyto Townsend, 1919a: 180.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Gymnochaeta vivida Williston, 1886.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Gymnochaeta vivida Williston, 1886, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Gymnocheta Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004:
240)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
238. Chloronesia Townsend, 1912f: 360.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Chloronesia andina Townsend, 1912.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Chloronesia andina Townsend, 1912, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid subgenus of Lepidodexia Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891 [teste Pape (1996: 64)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Originally proposed as a full genus.
239. Chlorophryno Townsend, 1933a: 478.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Gymnocheta glauca Karsch, 1886.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Gymnocheta glauca Karsch, 1886, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Chlorolydella Townsend, 1933 [teste Crosskey (1980: 877)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
240. Chlororhinia Townsend, 1917h: 191.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Chlororhinia viridis Townsend, 1917.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Chlororhinia viridis Townsend, 1917 [= Musca exempta Walker, 1856], by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste James (1977: 544)].
F
AMILY
: RHINIIDAE.
241. Chlorosarcophaga Townsend, 1919b: 542.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Chlorosarcophaga cochliomyia Townsend, 1919.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Chlorosarcophaga cochliomyia Townsend, 1919, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid subgenus of Lepidodexia Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891 [teste Pape (1996: 64)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Originally proposed as a full genus.
242. Chlorotachina Townsend, 1915b: 21.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Chrysosoma flaviceps Macquart, 1851.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Chrysosoma flaviceps Macquart, 1851, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Cantrell & Crosskey (1989: 759)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
243. Chlorrhynchomyia Townsend, 1933a: 440.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Chlorrhynchomyia clausa Townsend, 1933.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Chlorrhynchomyia clausa Townsend, 1933, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Metallea Wulp, 1880 [teste James (1977: 552)].
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F
AMILY
: RHINIIDAE.
E
MENDATIONS
: Chlororhynchomyia Senior-White, Aubertin & Smart (1940: 179) (unjustified), n. syn.
244. Chromatocera Townsend, 1915b: 21.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Eulasiona setigena Coquillett, 1897.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Eulasiona setigena Coquillett, 1897, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 285)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
245. Chromoepalpus Townsend, 1914j: 158.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Chromoepalpus uruhuasi Townsend, 1914.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Chromoepalpus uruhuasi Townsend, 1914, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 61)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
246. Chrysagria Townsend, 1935b: 72.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Chrysagria duodecimpunctata Townsend, 1935.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Chrysagria duodecimpunctata Townsend, 1935, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Pape (1996: 215)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
247. Chrysodoria Townsend, 1934f: 402.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Chrysodoria chalcos Townsend, 1934.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Chrysodoria chalcos Townsend, 1934, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Chrysoexorista Townsend, 1915 [teste Guimarães (1971: 206)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
248. Chrysoerigone Townsend, 1927a: 244.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Chrysoerigone ornata Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Chrysoerigone ornata Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Chrysotachina Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889 [teste Guimarães (1971: 81)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
249. Chrysoexorista Townsend, 1915n: 436.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Chrysoexorista viridis Townsend, 1915.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Chrysoexorista viridis Townsend, 1915, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 168)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
250. Chrysohoughia Townsend, 1935c: 231.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Chrysohoughia chlorescens Townsend, 1935.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Chrysohoughia chlorescens Townsend, 1935, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Houghia Coquillett, 1897 [teste Fleming et al. (2014: 10)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
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251. Chrysomasicera Townsend, 1915u: 230.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Chrysomasicera borealis Townsend, 1915.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Chrysomasicera borealis Townsend, 1915 [= Exorista ochracea Wulp, 1890], by original
designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Chrysoexorista Townsend, 1915 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 168)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
252. Chrysometopiops Townsend, 1916d: 19.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Chrysometopiops smithii Townsend, 1916.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Chrysometopiops smithii Townsend, 1916, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 207)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
[Chrysomyia] Townsend, 1892v: 282 [1892y: 36].
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Incorrect subsequent spelling of Chrysomya Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 or subsequent usage of
Chrysomyia Macquart, 1835.
F
AMILY
: CALLIPHORIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: The earliest mention of the nominal genus Chrysomya Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 that we have found in
this study using the spelling “Chrysomyia” is Chrysomyia Macquart (1835: 251), as an unjustified
emendation, n. syn.
[Chrysophryna] Townsend, 1929: 374.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Incorrect subsequent spelling of Chrysophryno Townsend, 1927.
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Criteria to make this name available as an emendation were not found to be fulfilled in this work.
253. Chrysophryno Townsend, 1927a: 267.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Chrysophryno egensis Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Chrysophryno egensis Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 207)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
254. Chrysoprospherysa Townsend, 1928b: 147.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Chrysoprospherysa croesus Townsend, 1928.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Chrysoprospherysa croesus Townsend, 1928, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Lixophaga Townsend, 1908 [teste Wood (1985: 52)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
255. Chrysopygia Townsend, 1933a: 471.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Chrysopygia auricaudata Townsend, 1933.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Chrysopygia auricaudata Townsend, 1933, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Blepharipa Rondani, 1856 [teste Crosskey (1977b: 673)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
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CHARLES HENRY TYLER TOWNSEND
256. Chrysorutilia Townsend, 1915b: 23.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Rutilia formosa Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Rutilia formosa Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid subgenus of Rutilia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste O’Hara et al. (2009: 35)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Originally proposed as a full genus.
257. Chrysosarcophaga Townsend, 1933a: 441.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Chrysosarcophaga superba Townsend, 1933.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Chrysosarcophaga superba Townsend, 1933, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid subgenus of Sarcophaga Meigen, 1826 [teste Pape (1996: 65)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Originally proposed as a full genus.
258. Chrysosomopsis Townsend, 1916e: 11.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Tachina aurata Fallén, 1820.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Tachina aurata Fallén, 1820, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste O’Hara et al. (2009: 138)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
259. Chrysostomomyia Townsend, 1931d: 315.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Sarcophaga chrysostoma Wiedemann, 1830.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Sarcophaga chrysostoma Wiedemann, 1830, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Peckia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste Buenaventura & Pape (2013: 43)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
260. Chrysosturmia Townsend, 1916d: 220.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Chrysosturmia orbitalis Townsend, 1916.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Chrysosturmia orbitalis Townsend, 1916, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 188)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
261. Chrysotryphera Townsend, 1935c: 232.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Chrysotryphera conica Townsend, 1935.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Chrysotryphera conica Townsend, 1935, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 207)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
[Chryssosturmia] Townsend, 1927a: 271.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Incorrect subsequent spelling of Chrysosturmia Townsend, 1916.
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Criteria to make this name available as an emendation were not found to be fulfilled in this work. The
spelling was corrected in a subsequently published errata [Townsend (1927b: sixth unnumbered page)].
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[Cianogymnomma] Townsend, 1927a: 250.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Incorrect original spelling of Cyanogymnomma Townsend, 1927 [teste Townsend (1927a:
second unnumbered page of errata)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
262. Cistudinomyia Townsend, 1917d: 48.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Sarcophaga cistudinis Aldrich, 1916.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Sarcophaga cistudinis Aldrich, 1916, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Pape (1996: 216)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
263. Clistomorpha Townsend, 1892g: 79.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Clistomorpha hyalomoides Townsend, 1892.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Clistomorpha hyalomoides Townsend, 1892 [= Hyalomyia triangulifera Loew, 1863], by original
designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Strongygaster Macquart, 1834 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 305)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
[Clithoxynops] Townsend, 1927a: 272.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Incorrect original spelling of Clythoxynops Townsend, 1927 [teste Townsend, 1927a: second
unnumbered page of errata)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
264. Clythopsis Townsend, 1927a: 276.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Clythopsis confundens Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Clythopsis confundens Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Ceracia Rondani, 1856 [teste Guimarães (1971: 123)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
265. Clythoxynops Townsend, 1927a: 276, 299.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Clythoxynops orbitalis Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Clythoxynops orbitalis Townsend, 1927, original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Euhalidaya Walton, 1914 [teste Wood (1985: 45)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: There are two original spellings of this nominal genus in Townsend (1927a): Clithoxynops (page 272)
and Clythoxynops (page 299). Townsend (1927a: second unnumbered page of errata) corrected the
spelling.
[Clytiomyia] Townsend, 1908a: 60 [1913d: 91].
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Incorrect subsequent spelling of Clytiomya Rondani, 1861 or subsequent usage of Clytiomyia
Rondani, 1862.
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: The earliest mention of the nominal genus Clytiomya Rondani, 1861 we have found using the spelling
“Clytiomyia” is Clytiomyia Rondani (1862: 41), as an unjustified emendation [teste O’Hara et al. (2011:
62)].
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CHARLES HENRY TYLER TOWNSEND
266. Cnephaliops Townsend, 1915b: 23.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Pseudogonia ruficauda Townsend, 1892.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Pseudogonia ruficauda Townsend, 1892 [= Acroglossa hesperidarum Williston, 1889], by original
designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Spallanzania Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004:
198)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
267. Cnephalodes Townsend, 1911a: 145.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Cnephalodes pollinosus Townsend, 1911.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Cnephalodes pollinosus Townsend, 1911, by monotypy.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 174)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Guimarães (1971: 174) gave the method of type fixation as by original designation (as “gen., sp. n.”),
but this is incorrect. The ICZN Code Article 68.2.1 allows such a phraseology to be an original designation
only if it is applied to one of two or more originally included species. In this case, there is only one
included species, thus the type fixation is by monotypy.
[Cnephalodys] Townsend, 1912c: 113.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Incorrect subsequent spelling for Cnephalodes Townsend, 1911.
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Criteria to make this name available as an emendation were not found to be fulfilled in this work.
268. Cnephalodopsis Townsend, 1912f: 345.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Cnephalodes pollinosus Townsend, 1911.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Cnephalodes pollinosus Townsend, 1911, automatic [by designation of the same species (by
monotypy) for Cnephalodes Townsend, 1911].
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Unnecessary new replacement name for Cnephalodes Townsend, 1911; junior synonym of
Cnephalodes Townsend, 1911 [teste Guimarães (1971: 174)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Townsend (1912f: 345) mistakenly believed that his Cnephalodes Townsend, 1911 was preoccupied by
Cnephaliodes Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891 and proposed the new replacement name Cnephalodopsis.
269. Cnephalogonia Townsend, 1916g: 178.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Gonia distincta Smith, 1915.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Gonia distincta Smith, 1915, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Gonia Meigen, 1803 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 178)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
270. Cnephalomyia Townsend, 1911a: 144 [1912c: 113].
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Cnephalomyia floridana Townsend, 1911.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Cnephalomyia floridana Townsend, 1911, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Spallanzania Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004:
198)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
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271. Cochliomyia Townsend, 1915p: 644.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Musca macellaria Fabricius, 1775; Chrysomya wheeleri Hough, 1899.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Musca macellaria Fabricius, 1775, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [name conserved by I.C.Z.N. (1986: 154 [Opinion 1399])].
F
AMILY
: CALLIPHORIDAE.
272. Cockerelliana Townsend, 1915u: 216.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Cockerelliana capitata Townsend, 1915.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Cockerelliana capitata Townsend, 1915, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 54)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
273. Cockerellitha Townsend, 1938c: 166.†
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Glossina osborni Cockerell, 1909.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Glossina osborni Cockerell, 1909, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Glossina Wiedemann, 1830 [teste Evenhuis (1994: 462)].
F
AMILY
: GLOSSINIDAE.
274. Coleophasia Townsend, 1931d: 327.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Hesperophasia pacifica Curran, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Hesperophasia pacifica Curran, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid subgenus of Kirbya Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 59)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Originally published as a full genus.
275. Compsomyiops Townsend, 1918d: 153.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Calliphora fulvipes Macquart, 1843; Chrysomya wheeleri Hough, 1899.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Calliphora fulvipes Macquart, 1843 [= Chrysomya fulvicrura Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830], by
original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Paralucilia Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891 [teste James (1970: 8)].
F
AMILY
: CALLIPHORIDAE.
276. Comyopsis Townsend, 1919a: 176.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Comyopsis fumata Townsend, 1919.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Comyopsis fumata Townsend, 1919, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 109)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
277. Conactia Townsend, 1927a: 257.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Conactia reclinata Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Conactia reclinata Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 130)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
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CHARLES HENRY TYLER TOWNSEND
278. Conactiodoria Townsend, 1934f: 402.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Conactiodoria aurea Townsend, 1934.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Conactiodoria aurea Townsend, 1934, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 130)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
279. Congochrysosoma Townsend, 1916c: 174.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Congochrysosoma snyderi Townsend, 1916.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Congochrysosoma snyderi Townsend, 1916, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Blepharella Macquart, 1851 [teste Crosskey (1980: 868)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
280. Copecrypta Townsend, 1908a: 109 [1908c: 379].
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Schineria ruficauda Wulp, 1867.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Schineria ruficauda Wulp, 1867, by monotypy.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 311)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE
281. Cordillerodexia Townsend, 1927a: 226.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Cordillerodexia orientalis Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Cordillerodexia orientalis Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 29)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
[Cordylura] Townsend, 1891g: 152, 153, 155.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Incorrect subsequent spelling of Cordilura Fallén, 1810.
F
AMILY
: SCATHOPHAGIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Criteria to make this name available as an emendation were not found to be fulfilled in this work.
282. Coronimyia Townsend, 1892n: 128 [1892o: 140].
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Coronimyia geniculata Townsend, 1892.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Coronimyia geniculata Townsend, 1892, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Clausicella Rondani, 1856 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 258)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Coronimyia was made available in two papers issued simultaneously in the June issue of the
Transactions of the American Entomological Society. Although page precedence is not regulated in the
ICZN Code, most workers give the original citation for this nominal genus as dating from the full
description of it in Townsend (1892n: 128) rather than from Townsend (1892o: 140), in which characters
to differentiate it are given in the key to genera.
283. Corpulentoepalpus Townsend, 1927a: 249.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Corpulentoepalpus rufus Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Corpulentoepalpus rufus Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 61)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
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[Corpulentosoma] Townsend, 1914a: 11.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Unavailable name; no differentiating characters or included species; treated under
Corpulentosoma Townsend, 1914 [teste this work].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: This nominal genus was listed in the narrative in Townsend (1914a: 11) without criteria to make it
available there. It was subsequently fully described in a following installment of this series of papers
(Townsend, 1914d: 31).
284. Corpulentosoma Townsend, 1914d: 31.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Corpulentosoma cornutum Townsend, 1914.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Corpulentosoma cornutum Townsend, 1914, by original designation (but see R
EMARKS
below).
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 61)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Guimarães (1971: 61) gave the method of type fixation for Corpulentosoma Townsend, 1914 as
Corpulentosoma cornutum Townsend, 1914, by original designation. The fact that the designated type
species in Townsend (1914d: 32), Corpulentosoma cornutum Townsend, appears to be a nomen nudum
there and was not described until a subsequent installment of the series (i.e., Townsend, 1914e: 42) would
appear to make the fixation as by subsequent monotypy. However, ICZN Code Article 12.2.6 allows the
availability of both the genus-group name and the species-group name in Townsend (1914d: 31–32), thus
the method of fixation is indeed original designation.
285. Croesoactia Townsend, 1927a: 269.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Croesoactia cincta Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Croesoactia cincta Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 130)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
286. Cryptosarcophila Townsend, 1931d: 314.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Cryptosarcophila chaetosa Townsend, 1931.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Cryptosarcophila chaetosa Townsend, 1931, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid subgenus of Lepidodexia Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891 [teste Pape (1996: 231)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Originally proposed as a full genus.
287. Cryptospylosia Townsend, 1928a: 388.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Cryptospylosia angustifrons Townsend, 1928.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Cryptospylosia angustifrons Townsend, 1928, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Prosopofrontina Townsend, 1926 [teste Crosskey (1977b: 651)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
288. Cubaemyia Townsend, 1931b: 179.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Tachina cubaecola Jaennicke, 1867.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Tachina cubaecola Jaennicke, 1867, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Drino Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863 [teste Guimarães (1971: 188)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
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289. Cuparymyia Townsend, 1934f: 397.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Cuparymyia anametopochaetoides Townsend, 1934.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Cuparymyia anametopochaetoides Townsend, 1934, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 130)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
290. Cuphoceropsis Townsend, 1935c: 220.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Cuphoceropsis facialis Townsend, 1935.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Cuphoceropsis facialis Townsend, 1935 [= Echinomyia pygmaea Macquart, 1851], by original
designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Peleteria Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste Guimarães (1971: 43)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
291. Curranomyia Townsend, 1941a: 115.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Rhodesina parasitica Curran, 1939.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Rhodesina parasitica Curran, 1939, automatic [by designation of the same species (by original
designation) for Rhodesina Curran, 1939].
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: New replacement name for Rhodesina Curran, 1939; junior synonym of Sturmiopsis Townsend,
1916 [teste Crosskey (1980: 880)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
[Curtoneura] Townsend, 1931a: 68 [1931e: 479; 1935f: 264, 269; 1937a: 31].
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Incorrect subsequent spelling of Curtonevra Macquart, 1834 or subsequent usage of
Curtoneura Westwood, 1840.
F
AMILY
: MUSCIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: The earliest mention of the nominal genus Curtonevra Macquart, 1834 using the spelling “Curtoneura”
is Curtoneura Westwood (1840: 141), as an unjustified emendation.
[Curtonoura] Townsend, 1931e: 479.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Incorrect subsequent spelling of Curtonevra Macquart, 1834.
F
AMILY
: MUSCIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Criteria to make this name available as an emendation were not found to be fulfilled in this work.
292. Cyacyrtoneura Townsend, 1931e: 479.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Cyacyrtoneura cyanea Townsend, 1931.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Cyacyrtoneura cyanea Townsend, 1931 [= Pyrellia violacea Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830], by
monotypy.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Morellia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste Pont et al. (2005: 65)].
F
AMILY
: MUSCIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: The nomenclatural status of this nominal genus and its type species are complex. Townsend (1931a: 68)
proposed the genus Cyrtoneuropsis (q.v.) with Curtonevra cyanea Macquart, 1843 as type species by
original designation. In Townsend (1931e: 479), he realized he misidentified the type species and
proposed Cyacyrtoneura cyanea Townsend, 1931 as a “new name”, for the specimens he had
misidentified as Curtonevra cyanea Macquart. He also noted that his Cyrtoneuropsis was preoccupied by
Malloch, 1925, but did not explicitly state that Cyacyrtoneura was a new replacement name for his
preoccupied name. It may well be that he did not because at that time he thought the species concepts of
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each type species were different. In any case, he labeled the new genus and species as “Cyacyrtoneura
cyanea, gen. et sp. nov.”, thus the type species for Cyacyrtoneura is not automatically Curtonevra cyanea
Macquart 1843 (which would be the case for a new replacement name), but is instead Cyacyrtoneura
cyanea Townsend, 1931, by monotypy [see Pont et al. (2005: 65)].
293. Cyanogymnomma Townsend, 1927a: 250.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Cyanogymnomma coerulea Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Cyanogymnomma coerulea Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 76)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: There are two original spellings of this nominal genus in Townsend (1927a): Cianogymnomma (page
250) and Cyanogymnomma (page 301). Townsend (1927a: second unnumbered page of errata) corrected
the misspelling. There are two original spellings of the type species in Townsend (1927a): C. coerules
(page 250) and C. coerulea (page 301). Townsend (1927a: second unnumbered page of errata) corrected
the spelling.
294. Cyanopsis Townsend, 1917c: 228.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Cyanopsis costalis Townsend, 1917.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Cyanopsis costalis Townsend, 1917, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 76)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
295. Cyclodionaea Townsend, 1915u: 233.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Cyclodionaea acuminata Townsend, 1915.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Cyclodionaea acuminata Townsend, 1915 [= Musca aterrima Villers, 1789], by original
designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Leucostoma Meigen, 1803 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 224)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
296. Cyclotaphrys Townsend, 1909b: 246.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Cyclotaphrys anser Townsend, 1909.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Cyclotaphrys anser Townsend, 1909, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Exorista Meigen, 1803 [teste Herting & Dely-Draskovits (1993: 122)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
[Cyclotophrys] Townsend, 1912c: 109.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Incorrect subsequent spelling of Cyclotaphrys Townsend, 1909.
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Criteria to make this name available as an emendation were not found to be fulfilled in his work.
297. Cylindromasicera Townsend, 1915d: 61.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Cylindromasicera prima Townsend, 1915.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Cylindromasicera prima Townsend, 1915, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 162)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
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CHARLES HENRY TYLER TOWNSEND
298. Cylindrophasia Townsend, 1916d: 22.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Ocyptera simillima Fabricius, 1805.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Ocyptera simillima Fabricius, 1805, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 6)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
[Cynomyia] Townsend, 1892v: 280 [1892y: 27; 1908a: 33; 1911b: 167].
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Incorrect subsequent spelling of Cynomya Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 or subsequent usage of
Cynomyia Macquart, 1835.
F
AMILY
: CALLIPHORIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: The earliest mention of the nominal genus Cynomya Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 using the spelling
“Cynomyia” is Cynomyia Macquart, 1835, as an unjustified emendation [teste Evenhuis et al. (2010b:
61)].
299. Cynomyopsis Townsend, 1915s: 118.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Cynomya cadaverina Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830; Calliphora texensis Townsend,
1908; Calliphora popoffana Townsend, 1908; Cynomya elongata Hough, 1898.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Cynomya cadaverina Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Cynomya Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste Poole (1996: 78)].
F
AMILY
: CALLIPHORIDAE.
300. Cypselodopteryx Townsend, 1934a: 20.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Cypselopteryx mima Townsend, 1926.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Cypselopteryx mima Townsend, 1926, automatic [by designation of the same species (by original
designation) for Cypselopteryx Townsend, 1926].
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: New replacement name for Cypselopteryx Townsend, 1926; valid genus [teste Pont (1977b:
524); in Eginiidae].
F
AMILY
: MUSCIDAE.
301. Cypselopteryx Townsend, 1926d: 16.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Cypselopteryx mima Townsend, 1926.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Cypselopteryx mima Townsend, 1926, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Preoccupied by Kaup, 1850; senior (but invalid) synonym of Cypselodopteryx Townsend, 1934
[teste Pont (1977b: 524); in Eginiidae].
F
AMILY
: MUSCIDAE.
[Cyrtoneura] Townsend, 1892v: 281 [1892y: 33; 1908a: 50; 1931a: 68].
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Incorrect subsequent spelling of Curtonevra Macquart, 1834 or subsequent usage of
Cyrtoneura Meigen, 1838.
F
AMILY
: MUSCIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: The earliest mention of the nominal genus Curtonevra Macquart, 1834 we have found using the spelling
“Cyrtoneura” is Cyrtoneura Meigen (1838: 291), as an unjustified emendation.
302. Cyrtoneuropsis Townsend, 1931a: 68.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Curtonevra cyanea Macquart, 1843 (as “Curtoneura cyanea Macq.”).
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T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Curtonevra cyanea Macquart, 1843 sensu Townsend, 1931 [misidentification; = Pyrellia violacea
Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830], by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Preoccupied by Malloch, 1925; junior synonym of Morellia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste
Pont et al. (2005: 65)].
F
AMILY
: MUSCIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: See R
EMARKS
under Cyacyrtoneura Townsend, 1931 for details on the nomenclature of the type
species.
303. Cystogonia Townsend, 1915b: 21.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Gonia turgida Coquillett, 1897.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Gonia turgida Coquillett, 1897, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Gonia Meigen, 1803 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 178)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
304. Cystometopia Townsend, 1926b: 531.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Heterometopia rufipalpis Macquart, 1847.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Heterometopia rufipalpis Macquart, 1847 [= Heterometopia argentea Macquart, 1846], by original
designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Heterometopia Macquart, 1846 [teste Cantrell & Crosskey (1989: 739)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
305. Dactylodidyma Townsend, 1927a: 260.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Dactylodidyma dubia Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Dactylodidyma dubia Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Myiopharus Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889 [teste Wood (1985: 61)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
306. Daeochaeta Townsend, 1892n: 97 [1892o: 136].
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Daeochaeta harveyi Townsend, 1892.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Daeochaeta harveyi Townsend, 1892, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Bessa Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 143)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Daeochaeta was made available in two papers issued simultaneously in the June issue of the
Transactions of the American Entomological Society. Although page precedence is not regulated in the
ICZN Code, most workers give the original citation for this nominal genus as dating from the full
description of it in Townsend (1892n: 97) rather than from Townsend (1892o: 136), in which characters to
differentiate it are given in the key to genera.
307. Dejeaniopalpus Townsend, 1916m: 312.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Dejeaniopalpus texensis Townsend, 1916.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Dejeaniopalpus texensis Townsend, 1916, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Genea Rondani, 1850 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 261)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
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CHARLES HENRY TYLER TOWNSEND
308. Dejeaniops Townsend, 1913m: 104.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Dejeaniops ollachea Townsend, 1913.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Dejeaniops ollachea Townsend, 1913, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 53)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
309. Deltoceromyia Townsend, 1931e: 477.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Deltoceromyia delta Townsend, 1931.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Deltoceromyia delta Townsend, 1931, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 167)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
[Denatella] Townsend, 1931c: 374.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Denatella alluandi Townsend, 1931 (as “Denatella alluandi, Seguy”).
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Unavailable name; name proposed after 1930 with a combined description for a new genus and
new species but without “n. gen., n. sp.” or equivalent expression; treated under Phumosia Robineau-
Desvoidy, 1830 [teste Pont (1980c: 795)].
F
AMILY
: CALLIPHORIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Townsend (1931c: 374) described a specimen in the Paris Collection under the name “Denatella
alluandi”, unaware that this was a manuscript name of Séguy. Both the genus- and species-group names
were eventually described in Séguy (1935), but the species-group name is available from Townsend
(1931c: 374) as it fulfills the criteria in ICZN Code Article 13. Although treated as available by Pont
(1980c: 795), the genus-group name “Denatella” in Townsend (1931c) is not available by indication (see
ICZN Code Article 13.4), n. stat.
310. Deopalpus Townsend, 1908a: 110.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Deopalpus hirsutus Townsend, 1908.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Deopalpus hirsutus Townsend, 1908, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 312)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
311. Dexiomimops Townsend, 1926d: 21.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Dexiomimops longipes Townsend, 1926.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Dexiomimops longipes Townsend, 1926, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste O’Hara et al. (2009: 36)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
312. Dexodomintho Townsend, 1935c: 226.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Dexodomintho fumipennis Townsend, 1935.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Dexodomintho fumipennis Townsend, 1935, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 131)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
313. Dexomyophora Townsend, 1927a: 233.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Dexomyophora facialis Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Dexomyophora facialis Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
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C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid subgenus of Lepidodexia Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891 [teste Pape (1996: 232)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Originally proposed as a full genus.
314. Dexopollenia Townsend, 1917h: 201.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Dexopollenia testacea Townsend, 1917.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Dexopollenia testacea Townsend, 1917, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Pollenia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste James (1977: 538)].
F
AMILY
: CALLIPHORIDAE.
315. Dexosarcophaga Townsend, 1917c: 221.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Dexosarcophaga transita Townsend, 1917.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Dexosarcophaga transita Townsend, 1917, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Pape (1996: 216)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
316. Diaphanomyia Townsend, 1917c: 229.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Diaphanomyia aurea Townsend, 1917.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Diaphanomyia aurea Townsend, 1917, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 62)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
317. Diaphoropeza Townsend, 1908a: 64, 66 [1908c: 379].
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Atrophopoda braueri Williston, 1896.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Atrophopoda braueri Williston, 1896, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 114)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
318. Diatraeophaga Townsend, 1916m: 320.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Diatraeophaga striatalis Townsend, 1916.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Diatraeophaga striatalis Townsend, 1916, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Lydella Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste Woodley (1994: 135).
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
319. Dichoceropsis Townsend, 1916g: 178.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Dichocera orientalis Coquillett, 1897.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Dichocera orientalis Coquillett, 1897, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Dichocera Williston, 1895 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 287)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
320. Didymops Townsend, 1927a: 262.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Didymops yahuarmayensis Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Didymops yahuarmayensis Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Preoccupied by Rambur, 1842; Szilády, 1922; junior synonym of Myiopharus Brauer &
Bergenstamm, 1889 [teste Wood (1985: 61)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
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CHARLES HENRY TYLER TOWNSEND
321. Dimasicera Townsend, 1915d: 62.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Dimasicera nitida Townsend, 1915.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Dimasicera nitida Townsend, 1915, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Masiphya Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891 [teste O’Hara & Wood (1998:
756)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
322. Discochaetopsis Townsend, 1916e: 11.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Discochaeta incana Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Discochaeta incana Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Bactromyia Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891 [teste Herting & Dely-Draskovits
(1993: 200)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
323. Discomyophora Townsend, 1927a: 233.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Discomyophora aurata Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Discomyophora aurata Townsend, 1927 [= Sarcophaga cognata Walker, 1853], by original
designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Notochaeta Aldrich, 1916 (subgenus of Lepidodexia Brauer &
Bergenstamm, 1891) [teste Pape (1996: 240)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Originally published as a full genus.
324. Doleschallopsis Townsend, 1933a: 459.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Doleschalla makilingensis Townsend, 1928.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Doleschalla makilingensis Townsend, 1928, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Doleschalla Walker, 1861 [teste Crosskey (1977b: 608)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
325. Dolichamobia Townsend, 1915n: 408.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Dolichamobia auromaculata Townsend, 1915.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Dolichamobia auromaculata Townsend, 1915, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Macronychia Rondani, 1859 [teste Pape (1996: 94)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
326. Dolichocnephalia Townsend, 1915i: 64.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Dolichocnephalia puna Townsend, 1915.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Dolichocnephalia puna Townsend, 1915, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 174)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
327. Dolichocodia Townsend, 1908a: 59.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Myiocera bivittata Coquillett, 1902.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Myiocera bivittata Coquillett, 1902, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 25)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
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328. Dolichocoxys Townsend, 1927h: 57.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Dolichocoxys femoralis Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Dolichocoxys femoralis Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste O’Hara et al. (2009: 47)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
329. Dolichocyptera Townsend, 1931d: 325.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Dolichocyptera pirioni Townsend, 1931.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Dolichocyptera pirioni Townsend, 1931, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Cylindromyia Meigen, 1803 [teste Guimarães (1971: 15)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
330. Dolichodinera Townsend, 1935c: 218.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Dolichodinera divaricata Townsend, 1935.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Dolichodinera divaricata Townsend, 1935, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 29)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
331. Dolichogonia Townsend, 1915i: 67.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Dolichogonia aurea Townsend, 1915.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Dolichogonia aurea Townsend, 1915, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 175)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
332. Dolichopalpellus Townsend, 1927a: 258.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Dolichopalpellus mirabilis Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Dolichopalpellus mirabilis Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 167)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
333. Dolichopodomintho Townsend, 1927d: 278.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Dolichopodomintho dolichopiformis Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Dolichopodomintho dolichopiformis Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste O’Hara et al. (2009: 156)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
334. Dolichostoma Townsend, 1912f: 325.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Dolichostoma alpina Townsend, 1912.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Dolichostoma alpina Townsend, 1912, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 77)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
335. Doriella Townsend, 1931e: 471.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Tachina distincta Wiedemann, 1824.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Tachina distincta Wiedemann, 1824, by original designation.
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CHARLES HENRY TYLER TOWNSEND
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 208)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
336. Doryphorophaga Townsend, 1912d: 164.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Lydella doryphorae Riley, 1869.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Lydella doryphorae Riley, 1869, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Myiopharus Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004:
98)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
337. Drepanoglossa Townsend, 1891m: 377.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Drepanoglossa lucens Townsend, 1891.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Drepanoglossa lucens Townsend, 1891, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 260)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
338. Ecatocyptera Townsend, 1927d: 285.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Ecatocyptera evibrissata Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Ecatocyptera evibrissata Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Cylindromyia Meigen, 1803 [teste Crosskey (1977b: 592)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: O’Hara et al. (2009: 127) treated a number of subgenera under Cylindromyia and listed Ecatocyptera as
unplaced to subgenus within Cylindromyia. Until subgeneric placement can be ascertained for species
within the nominal genus, we prefer to keep with Crosskey’s (1977b) treatment of Ecatocyptera as a junior
synonym of the nominate subgenus.
339. Ecatocypterops Townsend, 1935c: 217.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Ecatocypterops ater Townsend, 1935.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Ecatocypterops ater Townsend, 1935 [preoccupied by Ocyptera atra Röder, 1885; = Cylindromyia
townsendi Guimarães, 1971], by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Cylindromyia Meigen, 1803 [teste Guimarães (1971: 15)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
340. Echinomasicera Townsend, 1915n: 413.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Echinomasicera hystrix Townsend, 1915.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Echinomasicera hystrix Townsend, 1915, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Leschenaultia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste Toma & Guimarães (2002:
35)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
[Echinomyia] Townsend, 1892o: 135 [1892y: 5, 10].
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Incorrect subsequent spelling of Echinomya Latreille, 1805 or subsequent usage of Echinomyia
Fischer von Waldheim, 1808.
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: The earliest mention of the nominal genus Echinomya Latreille, 1805 that we have found in this study
using the spelling “Echinomyia” is Echinomyia Fischer von Waldheim (1808: [59; unnumbered page]), as
EVENHUIS ET AL.
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an unjustified emendation. Echinomya Latreille, 1805 is currently treated as a junior synonym of Tachina
Meigen, 1803, of which Echinomyia Fischer von Waldheim, 1808 is also a junior synonym, n. syn.
341. Echinomyodes Townsend, 1916d: 25.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Echinomyodes piceifrons Townsend, 1916 (with “Echinomyia algens Coquillett,
1897” in synonymy).
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Echinomyodes piceifrons Townsend, 1916 (with “Echinomyia algens Coquillett, 1897” in
synonymy), by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Nowickia Wachtl, 1894 (subgenus of Tachina Meigen, 1803) [teste O’Hara
& Wood (2004: 325)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Originally proposed as a full genus.
[Echinopyrrhosia] Townsend, 1914a: 11.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Unavailable name; no differentiating characters or included species; treated under
Echinopyrrhosia Townsend, 1914 [teste this work].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: This nominal genus was listed in the narrative in Townsend (1914a: 11) without criteria to make it
available there. It was subsequently fully described in a following installment of this series of papers
(Townsend, 1914f: 90).
342. Echinopyrrhosia Townsend, 1914f: 90.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Echinopyrrhosia alpina Townsend, 1914; Echinopyrrhosia melanica Townsend,
1914; Echinopyrrhosia atypica Townsend, 1914.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Echinopyrrhosia alpina Townsend, 1914, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 62)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
343. Echinopyrrhosiops Townsend, 1931d: 443.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Echinopyrrhosiops decoratus Townsend, 1931 (as “Saundersia decorata Eng.”).
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Echinopyrrhosiops decoratus Townsend, 1931 (as “Saundersia decorata Eng.”), by original
designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 62)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: The authorship of the type species in Townsend (1931d: 443) was based on an Engel determination
label in the Vienna Museum. In Townsend (1936c: 189) he explained the error in authorship and attributed
himself as author of the type species.
344. Echinosomopsis Townsend, 1926a: 38.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Echinosoma pectinata Girschner, 1881.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Echinosoma pectinata Girschner, 1881, automatic [by designation of the same species (by
monotypy) for Echinosoma Girschner, 1881].
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: New replacement name for Echinosoma Girschner, 1881; junior synonym of Fausta Robineau-
Desvoidy, 1830 [teste Herting & Dely-Draskovits (1993: 296)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
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CHARLES HENRY TYLER TOWNSEND
345. Echinotachina Townsend, 1913m: 104.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Tachina corpulenta Wiedemann, 1830.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Tachina corpulenta Wiedemann, 1830, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Adejeania Townsend, 1913 [teste Guimarães (1971: 46)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
346. Echrysopasta Townsend, 1932a: 39.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Rutilia elegans Macquart, 1846.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Rutilia elegans Macquart, 1846, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Chrysopasta Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889 [teste Cantrell & Crosskey
(1989: 742)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
[Eclausicella] Townsend, 1927a: 269.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Incorrect original spelling of Euclausicella Townsend, 1927 [teste Townsend (1927a: second
unnumbered page of errata)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
347. Ectophasia Townsend, 1912a: 46.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Syrphus crassipennis Fabricius, 1794 (with “T. analis J.C. Fab.” in synonymy).
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Syrphus crassipennis Fabricius, 1794, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste O’Hara et al. (2009: 133)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: As part of the Opinion regarding the status of Phasia Latreille, 1804, Ectophasia Townsend, 1912 was
added to the Official List of Generic Names in Zoology [I.C.Z.N. (1970: 196 [Opinion 896])].
348. Ectophasiopsis Townsend, 1915n: 439.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Ectophasiopsis chilensis Townsend, 1915.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Ectophasiopsis chilensis Townsend, 1915, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 12)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
349. Ecuadorana Townsend, 1912f: 324.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Ecuadorana bicolor Townsend, 1912.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Ecuadorana bicolor Townsend, 1912, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 83)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
350. Egameigenia Townsend, 1927a: 278.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Egameigenia amazonica Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Egameigenia amazonica Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 132)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
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351. Electrotachina Townsend, 1938e: 166.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Electrotachina smithii Townsend, 1938.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Electrotachina smithii Townsend, 1938, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Dolichotachina Villeneuve, 1913 [teste O’Hara et al. (2013: 32)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Townsend (1938e) originally followed Smith (1868) in thinking this specimen was of Baltic origin.
Grimaldi et al. (1994) showed that it was of African copal origin, thus not truly fossil. Additionally,
Townsend (1938e) placed this nominal genus in Tachinidae; however recent examination of the copal
specimen has shown it to belong to Dolichotachina Villeneuve, 1913 in the Sarcophagidae (O’Hara et al.,
2013).
352. Eleodiomyia Townsend, 1918a: 160.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Sarcophaga eleodis Aldrich, 1916.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Sarcophaga eleodis Aldrich, 1916, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Acanthodotheca Townsend, 1918 (subgenus of Blaesoxipha Loew, 1861)
[teste Pape (1996: 177)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Originally published as a full genus.
353. Elephantocera Townsend, 1915r: 98.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Elephantocera greenei Townsend, 1915 (with “Hypostena magnicornis Coq.” in
synonymy).
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Elephantocera greenei Townsend, 1915 [= Degeeria anthracina Bigot, 1889], by original
designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Oxynops Townsend, 1912 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 103)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
[Elephantoloemus] Townsend, 1940a: 395.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Incorrect subsequent spelling of Elephantolaemus Austen, 1930.
F
AMILY
: CALLIPHORIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Criteria to make this name available as an emendation were not found to be fulfilled in this work.
354. Emphanopteryx Townsend, 1892n: 120 [1892o: 139].
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Emphanopteryx eumyothyroides Townsend, 1892.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Emphanopteryx eumyothyroides Townsend, 1892 [= Tachina theutis Walker, 1849], by original
designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Cryptomeigenia Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891 [teste O’Hara & Wood
(2004: 84)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Eumacronychia was made available in two papers issued simultaneously in the June issue of the
Transactions of the American Entomological Society. Although page precedence is not regulated in the
ICZN Code, most workers give the original citation for this nominal genus as dating from the full
description of it in Townsend (1892n: 120) rather than from Townsend (1892o: 139), in which characters
to differentiate it are given in the key to genera. The genus-group name was misspelled in the index to this
volume of the journal (Anonymous, 1892b: v) as “Emhanopteryx”.
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CHARLES HENRY TYLER TOWNSEND
355. Empheremyiops Townsend, 1927a: 254.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Empheremyiops discalis Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Empheremyiops discalis Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 63)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
356. Engelobogosia Townsend, 1933a: 449.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Bogosia engeli Karsch, 1887.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Bogosia engeli Karsch, 1887 [= Bogosia antinorii Rondani, 1873], by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Bogosia Rondani, 1873 [teste Crosskey (1980: 824)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
357. Engelomyia Townsend, 1931d: 349.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Engelomyia alpina Townsend, 1931 (with “Hystricia tarsata Eng. pp. (nec Sch.)”
in synonymy).
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Hystricia tarsata Schiner, 1868 sensu Engel, 1929, automatic [by designation of the same species
(by original designation) for Hystriciella Engel, 1929] [misidentification; = Engelomyia alpina Townsend,
1931], by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: New replacement name for Hystriciella Engel, 1929; junior synonym of Hystricia Macquart,
1844 [teste O’Hara (2002: 97)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
358. Ennyomma Townsend, 1891m: 371.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Ennyomma clistoides Townsend, 1891.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Ennyomma clistoides Townsend, 1891, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Gnadochaeta Macquart, 1851 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 276)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
359. Ennyommopsis Townsend, 1915m: 109.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Loewia nigrifrons Townsend, 1892 (with “Clista americana T. female” in
synonymy).
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Loewia nigrifrons Townsend, 1892, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Gnadochaeta Macquart, 1851 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 276)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: The original designation of Loewia nigrifrons Townsend, 1892 as the type species is given on page 108
in the narrative of the work.
360. Eoacemyia Townsend, 1926b: 259.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Eoacemyia bakeri Townsend, 1926.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Eoacemyia bakeri Townsend, 1926 [= Tachina errans Wiedemann, 1824], by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste O’Hara et al. (2009: 137)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
361. Eocarcelia Townsend, 1919b: 582.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Eocarcelia ceylanica Townsend, 1919.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Eocarcelia ceylanica Townsend, 1919, by original designation.
EVENHUIS ET AL.
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Zootaxa 3978 (1) © 2015 Magnolia Press
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Senometopia Macquart, 1834 [teste Crosskey (1977b: 668)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Originally proposed as a full genus.
362. Eocarceliopsis Townsend, 1928a: 392.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Eocarceliopsis bakeri Townsend, 1928.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Eocarceliopsis bakeri Townsend, 1928, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Senometopia Macquart, 1834 [teste Crosskey (1977b: 668)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Originally described as a full genus.
363. Eocyptera Townsend, 1927d: 284.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Eocyptera orientalis Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Eocyptera orientalis Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Cylindromyia Meigen, 1803 [teste Crosskey (1977b: 592)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: O’Hara et al. (2009: 127) treated a number of subgenera under Cylindromyia and listed Eocyptera as
unplaced to subgenus within Cylindromyia. Until subgeneric placement can be ascertained for species
within the nominal genus, we prefer to keep with Crosskey’s (1977b) treatment of Eocyptera as a junior
synonym of the nominate subgenus.
364. Eocypterula Townsend, 1926b: 540.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Eocypterula atra Townsend, 1926.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Eocypterula atra Townsend, 1926, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Lophosia Meigen, 1824 [teste Crosskey (1977b: 595)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
365. Eodexiosoma Townsend, 1926d: 15.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Eodexiosoma sumatrense Townsend, 1926.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Eodexiosoma sumatrense Townsend, 1926, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Dexiosoma Rondani, 1856 [teste Crosskey (1977b: 6200].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
366. Eodolichocolon Townsend, 1933a: 478.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Dolichocolon orientale Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Dolichocolon orientale Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Dolichocolon Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889 [teste Crosskey (1977b: 690)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
367. Eogymnophthalma Townsend, 1926d: 35.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Eogymnophthalma orientalis Townsend, 1926.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Eogymnophthalma orientalis Townsend, 1926 [= Tachina orbata Wiedemann, 1830], by original
designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Peribaea Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863 [teste Crosskey (1977b: 645)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
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CHARLES HENRY TYLER TOWNSEND
368. Eohyria Townsend, 1915b: 23.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Peletachina pellucida Coquillett, 1897.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Peletachina pellucida Coquillett, 1897, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Peletachina Meade, 1894 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 284)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
369. Eomintho Townsend, 1926b: 531.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Eomintho equatorialis Townsend, 1926.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Eomintho equatorialis Townsend, 1926, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Sumpigaster Macquart, 1855 [teste O’Hara et al. (2009: 157)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
370. Eomyocera Townsend, 1926b: 537.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Eomyocera carinata Townsend, 1926.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Eomyocera carinata Townsend, 1926 [= Dexia divergens Walker, 1856], by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Dexia Meigen, 1826 [teste Crosskey (1977b: 601)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
371. Eomyoceropsis Townsend, 1926d: 29.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Eomyoceropsis longipennis Townsend, 1926; Eomyoceropsis sumatrensis
Townsend, 1926.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Eomyoceropsis longipennis Townsend, 1926, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Dexia Meigen, 1826 [teste Crosskey (1977b: 601)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
372. Eoparachaeta Townsend, 1927h: 70.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Eoparachaeta orientalis Townsend, 1927; Eoparachaeta sturmioides Townsend,
1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Eoparachaeta orientalis Townsend, 1927 [= Tachina sugens Wiedemann, 1830], by original
designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Blepharipa Rondani, 1856 [teste Crosskey (1977b: 673)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
373. Eophrissopolia Townsend, 1926a: 36.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Eophrissopolia acroglossoides Townsend, 1926.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Eophrissopolia acroglossoides Townsend, 1926 [= Chaetogaedia townsendi Sabrosky & Arnaud,
1965], by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Chaetogaedia Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004:
166)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
374. Eophyllophila Townsend, 1926d: 19.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Eophyllophila elegans Townsend, 1926.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Eophyllophila elegans Townsend, 1926, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste O’Hara et al. (2009: 47)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
EVENHUIS ET AL.
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375. Eophyto Townsend, 1919a: 163.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Eophyto ceylanica Townsend, 1919.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Eophyto ceylanica Townsend, 1919, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Stevenia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste Crosskey (1977a: 585)].
F
AMILY
: RHINOPHORIDAE.
376. Eoptilodexia Townsend, 1926b: 535.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Eoptilodexia longipes Townsend, 1926.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Eoptilodexia longipes Townsend, 1926, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Dexia Meigen, 1826 [teste Crosskey (1977b: 601)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
377. Eozenillia Townsend, 1926b: 542.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Eozenillia equatorialis Townsend, 1926.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Eozenillia equatorialis Townsend, 1926, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Crosskey (1977b: 656)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
[Epalpellus] Townsend, 1914a: 11.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Unavailable name; no differentiating characters or included species; treated under Epalpellus
Townsend, 1914 [teste this work].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: This nominal genus was listed in the narrative in Townsend (1914a: 11) without criteria to make it
available there. It was subsequently fully described in a following installment of this series of papers
(Townsend, 1914f: 89).
378. Epalpellus Townsend, 1914f: 89.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Epalpellus corpulentus Townsend, 1914.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Epalpellus corpulentus Townsend, 1914, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 63)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
379. Epalpodes Townsend, 1912f: 330.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Epalpodes equatorialis Townsend, 1912.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Epalpodes equatorialis Townsend, 1912, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 63)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
380. Epaulophasia Townsend, 1934c: 207.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Epaulophasia officialis Townsend, 1934.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Epaulophasia officialis Townsend, 1934, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Phasia Latreille, 1804 [teste Sun & Marshall (2003: 190].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
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101
CHARLES HENRY TYLER TOWNSEND
381. Epicuphocera Townsend, 1927a: 240.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Epicuphocera andina Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Epicuphocera andina Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971:77)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
382. Epidexia Townsend, 1912c: 112.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Epidexia filamentosa Townsend, 1912.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Epidexia filamentosa Townsend, 1912 [= Masicera pulverea Coquillett, 1897], by original
designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Prospherysa Wulp, 1890 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 196)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
383. Epidexiopsis Townsend, 1916m: 308.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Epidexiopsis orbitalis Townsend, 1916.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Epidexiopsis orbitalis Townsend, 1916 [= Tachina ancilla Walker, 1853], by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Myiopharus Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004:
98)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
384. Epidolichostoma Townsend, 1927a: 238.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Epidolichostoma andina Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Epidolichostoma andina Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Dolichostoma Townsend, 1912 [teste Guimarães (1971: 77)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
385. Epigrimyia Townsend, 1891m: 375.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Epigrimyia polita Townsend, 1891.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Epigrimyia polita Townsend, 1891, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 42)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
386. Epimasicera Townsend, 1912a: 51.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Tachina westermanni Zetterstedt, 1844 (with “Tachina mitis Meig.” in
synonymy).
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Tachina westermanni Zetterstedt, 1844 [= Tachina linearicornis Zetterstedt, 1844], by original
designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Eumea Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863 [teste O’Hara et al. (2009: 107)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
387. Epimeigenia Townsend, 1931e: 463.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Epimeigenia argentina Townsend, 1931.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Epimeigenia argentina Townsend, 1931, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Zaira Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste Wood (1985: 90)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
EVENHUIS ET AL.
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388. Epiphanocera Townsend, 1915n: 419.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Epiphanocera costalis Townsend, 1915.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Epiphanocera costalis Townsend, 1915, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 133)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
389. Epiphyllophila Townsend, 1927a: 304.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Epiphyllophila yahuarmayana Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Epiphyllophila yahuarmayana Townsend, 1927 [= Microchaetona gracilis Townsend, 1919], by
monotypy.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Phyllophilopsis Townsend, 1915 [teste Wood (1985: 73)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: The original printing of Townsend (1927a: 234) omitted the line in couplet 238 (line 5 up) that listed,
for the characters in that couplet, the new nominal genus and its type species Epiphyllophila
yahuarmayana Townsend, 1927, by original designation. This was corrected two months later in the
separately published errata (Townsend, 1927b: third unnumbered page). However, this errata was
subsequent to Townsend (1927a) and therefore cannot be included as part of the original publication.
Characters given on page 304 make available the name of the genus and its only included species, thus the
method of fixation for Epiphyllophila Townsend, 1927 is Epiphyllophila yahuarmayana Townsend, 1927,
by monotypy.
390. Epiprospherysa Townsend, 1927a: 277.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Epiprospherysa charapensis Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Epiprospherysa charapensis Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Lixophaga Townsend, 1908 [teste Wood (1985: 51)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
391. Epixorista Townsend, 1927h: 61.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Epixorista episcopa Townsend, 1927; Epixorista ocellaris Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Epixorista episcopa Townsend, 1927 [= Isosturmia inversa Townsend, 1927], by original
designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Isosturmia Townsend, 1927 [teste Crosskey (1977b: 676)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
[Epseudocyptera] Townsend, 1927e: 283 [1928a: 369].
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Epseudocyptera epalpata Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Epseudocyptera epalpata Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Unavailable name; type species of the genus based on a teratological specimen; treated under
Lophosia Meigen, 1824 [teste Crosskey (1977b: 595).
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Crosskey (1976: 26) showed that the only known specimen of the nominal species Epseudocyptera
epalpata Townsend, 1927, is actually teratological. According to ICZN Code Article 1.3.2, it is therefore
an unavailable name. Thus, the nominal genus Epseudocyptera is also unavailable because it was based on
an unavailable name.
392. Erigonopsis Townsend, 1912f: 326.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Erigonopsis arequipae Townsend, 1912.
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103
CHARLES HENRY TYLER TOWNSEND
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Erigonopsis arequipae Townsend, 1912, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Dolichostoma Townsend, 1912 [teste Guimarães (1971: 77)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
393. Eristaliomyia Townsend, 1926d: 37.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Eristaliomyia nitidifrons Townsend, 1926.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Eristaliomyia nitidifrons Townsend, 1926 [= Echinomyia brevipennis Walker, 1856], by original
designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Crosskey (1977b: 635)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
[Erithorix] Townsend, 1911b: 161.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Incorrect subsequent spelling of Eriothrix Meigen, 1803.
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Criteria to make this name available as an emendation were not found to be fulfilled in this work.
394. Ernestiopsis Townsend, 1931e: 454.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Ernestiopsis erigonopsidis Townsend, 1931.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Ernestiopsis erigonopsidis Townsend, 1931, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 83)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
395. Erviopsis Townsend, 1934c: 211.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Erviopsis aurata Townsend, 1934.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Erviopsis aurata Townsend, 1934, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 101)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
396. Erynniopsis Townsend, 1926a: 30.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Erynniopsis rondanii Townsend, 1926 (with “Erynnia nitida Róndani (nec RD)”
in synonymy).
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Erynniopsis rondanii Townsend, 1926, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 87)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
397. Erythroargyrops Townsend, 1917a: 124.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Erythroargyrops elegans Townsend, 1917.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Erythroargyrops elegans Townsend, 1917, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 133)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
398. Erythroepalpus Townsend, 1931e: 438.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Erythroepalpus auranticus Townsend, 1931.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Erythroepalpus auranticus Townsend, 1931, by original designation.
EVENHUIS ET AL.
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Zootaxa 3978 (1) © 2015 Magnolia Press
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 65)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
399. Erythromelana Townsend, 1919a: 174.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Erythromelana jaena Townsend, 1919.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Erythromelana jaena Townsend, 1919, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Inclan & Stireman (2013: 9)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
400. Erythrophasia Townsend, 1917a: 127.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Erythrophasia atripennis Townsend, 1917.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Erythrophasia atripennis Townsend, 1917 [= Phasia atripennis Say, 1829], by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Xanthomelanodes Townsend, 1893 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 235)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
401. Euacaulona Townsend, 1908a: 131.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Euacaulona sumichrasti Townsend, 1908.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Euacaulona sumichrasti Townsend, 1908, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 7)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
402. Euacemyia Townsend, 1912d: 163.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Acemyia tibialis Coquillett, 1897.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Acemyia tibialis Coquillett, 1897, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Acemya Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 237)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
403. Euadmontia Townsend, 1915b: 19.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Admontia pergandei Coquillett, 1895.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Admontia pergandei Coquillett, 1895, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Admontia Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 74)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
404. Euamphibolia Townsend, 1916b: 618.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Rutilia fulvipes Guérin-Méneville, 1843.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Rutilia fulvipes Guérin-Méneville, 1843 [= Rutilia speciosa Erichson, 1842], by original
designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid subgenus of Formosia Guérin-Méneville, 1843 [teste Cantrell & Crosskey (1989: 742)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Originally proposed as a full genus.
405. Euanthoides Townsend, 1931d: 337.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Euanthoides petiolata Townsend, 1931.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Euanthoides petiolata Townsend, 1931, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 111)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
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105
CHARLES HENRY TYLER TOWNSEND
406. Euaraba Townsend, 1915b: 20.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Araba tergata Coquillett, 1895; Tachina fastuoa Meigen, 1824.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Araba tergata Coquillett, 1895, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Sphenometopa Townsend, 1908 [teste Pape (1996: 144)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
407. Eubengalia Townsend, 1926b: 529.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Bengalia depressa Walker, 1858.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Bengalia depressa Walker, 1858, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Bengalia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste Pont (1980c: 791)].
F
AMILY
: CALLIPHORIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Although Feng et al. (1998) treated this nominal genus as a subgenus of Bengalia Robineau-Desvoidy,
1830, we prefer to keep it in synonymy with Bengalia pending further review. Lehrer (2005: 176) briefly
discussed the type species, indicating that it was impossible to place since it was a female: “dipterologists
refer to this nomen dubium in a spirit of inertia and have assigned it to the rank of type species of the
genus Eubengalia Townsend, 1926 without any scientific justification.”
408. Eubiomyia Townsend, 1916k: 74.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Eubiomyia calosomae Townsend, 1916 (as “Pseudatractocera calosomae
Coquillett, 1897”) [with “Biomyia (Viviania) georgiae Coqt., 1897, l.c., p.p., Amherst, Massachusetts (not
Viviania georgiae B.B.”) in synonymy].
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Eubiomyia calosomae Townsend, 1916, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Zaira Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 111)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
409. Eubischofimyia Townsend, 1927a: 249.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Eubischofimyia analis Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Eubischofimyia analis Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 65)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
410. Eublepharipeza Townsend, 1914e: 46.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Eublepharipeza hystrix Townsend, 1914; Eublepharipeza gabana Townsend,
1914; Eublepharipeza nigra Townsend, 1914.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Eublepharipeza hystrix Townsend, 1914, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Bombyliomyia Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889 [teste Guimarães (1971: 39)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Two of the originally included species-group taxa (gabana and nigra) are labeled as new subspecies but
there is no indication of what the nominate species is in either case.
411. Euboettcheria Townsend, 1927a: 231.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Euboettcheria australis Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Euboettcheria australis Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid subgenus of Peckia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste Buenaventura & Pape (2013: 17)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Originally proposed as a full genus.
EVENHUIS ET AL.
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412. Eubrachycoma Townsend, 1916f: 19.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Brachycoma apicalis Coquillett, 1897.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Brachycoma apicalis Coquillett, 1897 [= Erythrandra picipes Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891], by
original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Erythrandra Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891 [teste Pape (1996: 163)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
413. Eubrachymera Townsend, 1919a: 162.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Eubrachymera debilis Townsend, 1919.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Eubrachymera debilis Townsend, 1919, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Pseudopachystylum Mik, 1891 [teste O’Hara & Wood (1998: 754)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
414. Eucalliphora Townsend, 1908a: 118.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Calliphora latifrons Hough, 1899.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Calliphora latifrons Hough 1899 [= Musca lilaea Walker, 1849], by monotypy.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Calliphora Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste Poole (1996: 77)].
F
AMILY
: CALLIPHORIDAE.
415. Eucalodexia Townsend, 1908a: 64.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Homodexia flavipes Bigot, 1889.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Homodexia flavipes Bigot, 1889, by monotypy.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Calodexia Wulp, 1891 [teste Wood (1985: 25)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Guimarães (1971: 106) and Wood (1985: 25) gave the type designation of Eucalodexia Townsend,
1892 as Homodexia flavipes Bigot, 1889, by original designation, but this is incorrect. Townsend’s
(1908a: 64) statement “This genus is proposed for Homodexia flavipes Bigot” is not an explicit type
designation [see Thomson & Evenhuis (1990) and Sabrosky (1999) for more details]. Since there is only
one included species, the type species is Homodexia flavipes Bigot, 1889, by monotypy.
416. Eucelatoria Townsend, 1909b: 249.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Tachina armigera Coquillett, 1889.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Tachina armigera Coquillett, 1889, by monotypy.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 88)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
417. Eucelatoriopsis Townsend, 1927a: 276.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Eucelatoriopsis teffeensis Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Eucelatoriopsis teffeensis Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Eucelatoria Townsend, 1909 [teste Wood (1985: 40)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
418. Euceromasia Townsend, 1912c: 112.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Euceromasia spinosa Townsend, 1912.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Euceromasia spinosa Townsend, 1912, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 172)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
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107
CHARLES HENRY TYLER TOWNSEND
419. Euchaetogyne Townsend, 1908a: 59 [1908b: 357].
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Hystrichodexia roederi Williston, 1893.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Hystrichodexia roederi Williston, 1893, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 26).
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
420. Euchaetophleps Townsend, 1916b: 625.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Chaetophleps polita Coquillett, 1902.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Chaetophleps polita Coquillett, 1902 [= Degeeria anthracina Bigot, 1889], by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Oxynops Townsend, 1912 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 103)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
421. Euclausicella Townsend, 1927a: 269, 306.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Euclausicella uruhuasi Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Euclausicella uruhuasi Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Italispidea Townsend, 1927 [teste Wood (1985: 48)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: There are two original spellings of this nominal genus in Townsend (1927a): Eclausicella (page 269)
and Euclausicella (page 306). Townsend (1927a: second unnumbered page of errata) corrected the
spelling.
422. Euclytia Townsend, 1908a: 60 [1908c: 380].
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Clytia flava Townsend, 1891.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Clytia flava Townsend, 1891, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 226)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
423. Eucnephalia Townsend, 1892o: 138 [1892q: 166].
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: None.
F
IRST
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Eucnephalia gonoides Townsend, 1892 (in Townsend, 1892q: 167).
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Eucnephalia gonoides Townsend, 1892, by subsequent designation (Townsend, 1892q: 167).
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 173)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Although fully described in Townsend (1892q: 166), Eucnephalia was made available in an earlier
paper (Townsend, 1892o: 138) where characters are given to differentiate it in a key to genera. No species
were included in the earlier paper, thus the type species is by subsequent designation in Townsend
(1892q).
424. Eucordylidexia Townsend, 1915e: 41.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Eucordylidexia ategulata Townsend, 1915.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Eucordylidexia ategulata Townsend, 1915 [= Dexia petiolata Wiedemann, 1830], by original
designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Cordyligaster Macquart, 1843 [teste Guimarães (1971: 111)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
EVENHUIS ET AL.
108
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425. Eucordyligaster Townsend, 1917a: 123.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Cordyligaster septentrionalis Townsend, 1909.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Cordyligaster septentrionalis Townsend, 1909, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Cordyligaster Macquart, 1843 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 46)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
426. Eucoronimyia Townsend, 1908a: 84.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Isoglossa hastata Coquillett, 1895.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Isoglossa hastata Coquillett, 1895, automatic [by designation of the same species (by original
designation) for Isoglossa Coquillett, 1895].
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: New replacement name for Isoglossa Coquillett, 1895; valid genus [teste O’Hara & Wood
(2004: 334)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
[Eucorpulentosoma] Townsend, 1914a: 11.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Unavailable name; no differentiating characters or included species; treated under
Eucorpulentosoma Townsend, 1914 [teste this work].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: This nominal genus was listed in the narrative in Townsend (1914a: 11) without criteria to make it
available there. It was subsequently fully described in a following installment of this series of papers
(Townsend, 1914f: 87).
427. Eucorpulentosoma Townsend, 1914f: 87.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Eucorpulentosoma simile Townsend, 1914.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Eucorpulentosoma simile Townsend, 1914, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 65)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
428. Eucyrtophloeba Townsend, 1916m: 316.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Eucyrtophloeba rhois Townsend, 1916.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Eucyrtophloeba rhois Townsend, 1916, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Cyrtophleba Rondani, 1856 [teste Mesnil (1974: 1266)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
429. Eudasyphora Townsend, 1911b: 169, 170.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Lucilia lasiophthalma Macquart, 1834 (as “Dasyphora lasiophthalma”).
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Lucilia lasiophthalma Macquart, 1834 (as “Dasyphora lasiophthalma”) [= Musca cyanella Meigen,
1826], by monotypy.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid subgenus of Dasyphora Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste Nihei & Carvalho (2007: 530)].
F
AMILY
: MUSCIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Originally described as a full genus.
430. Eudejeania Townsend, 1912f: 335.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Eudejeania subalpina Townsend, 1912; Eudejeania nigra Townsend, 1912.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Eudejeania subalpina Townsend, 1912, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 53)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
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CHARLES HENRY TYLER TOWNSEND
431. Eudemoticus Townsend, 1908a: 75.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Tachina soror Zetterstedt, 1844 (as “Demoticus soror Egger, of Europe”).
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Aphria xyphias Pandellé, 1896, by monotypy [fixed by Art. 70.3.2 in O’Hara et al. (2009: 152)].
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: New replacement name for Plagiopsis Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889; junior synonym of
Aphria Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste Herting & Dely-Draskovits (1993: 336)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
432. Eudexodes Townsend, 1908a: 103.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Dexodes eggeri Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Dexodes eggeri Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889, by monotypy.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Oswaldia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863 [teste O’Hara et al. (2009: 53)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Herting & Dely-Draskovits (1993: 162) gave the type designation as Dexodes eggeri Brauer &
Bergenstamm, 1889, by original designation, but this is incorrect. Townsend’s (1908a: 103) statement
“This genus is proposed for Dexodes eggeri Brauer and Bergenstamm” is not an explicit designation of a
type species [see Evenhuis & Thompson (1990) and Sabrosky (1999) for more details]. Since there is only
one included species, the type species is Dexodes eggeri Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889, by monotypy.
433. Euempheremyia Townsend, 1927a: 249.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Euempheremyia paulensis Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Euempheremyia paulensis Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 66)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
434. Euepalpodes Townsend, 1915n: 429.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Euepalpodes arcuatus Townsend, 1915.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Euepalpodes arcuatus Townsend, 1915, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 63)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
435. Euepalpus Townsend, 1908a: 115 [1908d: 390].
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Euepalpus flavicauda Townsend, 1908.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Euepalpus flavicauda Townsend, 1908, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 66)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: The genus-group and species-group names were published as new twice in 1908 (Townsend, 1908a,
1908d). Dating research for these two works (Thompson et al. 1999: 533, 551) found no exact publication
date, but Townsend (1908a) was published before 30 June and Townsend (1908d) was published before 28
August. If future dating research ever shows Townsend (1908d) to predate Townsend (1908a), the names
are made available there by reference to Figure 156 on the unpaginated plate bound between pages 374
and 375 of Williston (1908) and the type fixation for the nominal genus would by be monotypy.
436. Euexorista Townsend, 1912d: 166.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Tachina futilis Osten Sacken, 1887.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Tachina futilis Osten Sacken, 1887 [preoccupied by Tachina futilis Zetterstedt, 1844; = Euexorista
rebaptizata Gosseries, 1989], by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 173)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
EVENHUIS ET AL.
110
·
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437. Eufabricia Townsend, 1908a: 111 [1908d: 390].
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Eufabricia flavicans Townsend, 1908.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Eufabricia flavicans Townsend, 1908 [= Tachina diaphanus Fabricius, 1805], by original
designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Archytas Jaennicke, 1867 [teste Guimarães (1971: 48)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: The genus-group and species-group names were published as new twice in 1908 (Townsend, 1908a,
1908d). Current dating research for these two works (Thompson et al. 1999: 533, 551) has found no exact
publication dates for either, with Townsend (1908a) published before 30 June and Townsend (1908d)
published before 28 August. If future dating research ever shows Townsend (1908d) to predate Townsend
(1908a), the names are made available there by reference to Figure 157 on the unpaginated plate bound
between pages 374 and 375 of Williston (1908) and the type fixation for the nominal genus would be
Eufabricia flavicans Townsend, 1908, by monotypy.
438. Eufabriciopsis Townsend, 1915b: 22.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Gymnomma quadrisetosa Coquillett, 1902.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Gymnomma quadrisetosa Coquillett, 1902, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 66)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
439. Eufletcherimyia Townsend, 1934b: 111.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Eufletcherimyia aurea Townsend, 1934.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Eufletcherimyia aurea Townsend, 1934, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid subgenus of Lepidodexia Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891 [teste Pape (1996: 232)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Originally proposed as a full genus.
440. Eugaedia Townsend, 1916b: 621.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Gaediopsis setosa Coquillett, 1897.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Gaediopsis setosa Coquillett, 1897, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Gaediopsis Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004:
176).
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
441. Eugaediopsis Townsend, 1916b: 620.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Gaediopsis ocellaris Coquillett, 1897.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Gaediopsis ocellaris Coquillett, 1897, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Gaediopsis Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004:
176).
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
442. Eugymnochaeta Townsend, 1912f: 314.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Gymnochaeta alcedo Loew, 1869; Eugymnochaeta equatorialis Townsend,
1912.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Gymnochaeta alcedo Loew, 1869, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Chrysotachina Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004:
286)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
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111
CHARLES HENRY TYLER TOWNSEND
443. Eugymnochaetopsis Townsend, 1927d: 287.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Eugymnochaetopsis lateralis Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Eugymnochaetopsis lateralis Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Linnaemya Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste Crosskey (1977b: 632)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
444. Eugymnogaster Townsend, 1931d: 328.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Gymnogaster montana Coquillett, 1897.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Gymnogaster montana Coquillett, 1897, automatic [by designation of the same species (by original
designation) for Gymnogaster Townsend, 1926].
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: New replacement name for Gymnogaster Townsend, 1926; junior synonym of Freraea
Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 44)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
445. Eugymnopeza Townsend, 1933a: 453.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Eugymnopeza braueri Townsend, 1933 (with “Gymnopeza denudata BB” in
synonymy).
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Eugymnopeza braueri Townsend, 1933, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste O’Hara et al. (2009: 34)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
446. Euhemiargyra Townsend, 1927a: 260.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Euhemiargyra parva Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Euhemiargyra parva Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Miopharus Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889 [teste Wood (1985: 61)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
447. Euhilarella Townsend, 1915b: 22.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Gymnoprosopa fulvicornis Coquillett, 1895.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Gymnoprosopa fulvicornis Coquillett, 1895, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Phrosinella Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863 [teste Pape (1996: 122)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
448. Euhuascaraya Townsend, 1927a: 255.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Euhuascaraya atra Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Euhuascaraya atra Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 66)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
449. Euhyperecteina Townsend, 1915b: 19.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Admontia nasoni Coquillett, 1895.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Admontia nasoni Coquillett, 1895, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Admontia Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 74)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
EVENHUIS ET AL.
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450. Euhypochaetopsis Townsend, 1928a: 394.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Euhypochaetopsis orientalis Townsend, 1928.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Euhypochaetopsis orientalis Townsend, 1928, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Campylocheta Rondani, 1859. New synonymy.
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Crosskey (1977b: 613) placed Euhypochaetopsis Townsend, 1928 as a junior synonym of Elpe
Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863. Elpe was subsequently (Herting & Dely-Draskovits, 1993: 374) treated as a
junior synonym of Campylocheta Rondani, 1859. We thus here treat Euhypochaetopsis Townsend, 1928
as a junior synonym of Campylocheta Rondani, 1859, n. syn.
[Euhystricia] Townsend, 1914a: 11.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Unavailable name; no differentiating characters or included species; treated under Euhystricia
Townsend, 1914 [teste this work].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: This nominal genus was listed in the narrative in Townsend (1914a: 11) without criteria to make it
available there. It was subsequently fully described in a following installment of this series of papers
(Townsend, 1914f: 84).
451. Euhystricia Townsend, 1914f: 84.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Euhystricia nigra Townsend, 1914.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Euhystricia nigra Townsend, 1914, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 41)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
452. Euidiella Townsend, 1917h: 192.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Musca discolor Fabricius, 1794 (with “Stomorhina muscina, Rdi., S. scalaris ,
Big.” in synonymy); Idia quadrinotata Bigot, 1874; Euidiella unicolor Townsend, 1917; Euidiella
purpurea Townsend, 1917.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Musca discolor Fabricius, 1794, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Stomorhina Rondani, 1861 [teste James (1977: 554)].
F
AMILY
: RHINIIDAE.
[Eujurinella] Townsend, 1914a: 11.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Unavailable name; no differentiating characters or included species; treated under Jurinella
Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889 [teste this work].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: This nominal genus was listed in the narrative in Townsend (1914a: 11) without criteria to make it
available there. It was subsequently fully described in a following installment of this series of papers
(Townsend, 1914f: 86).
453. Eujurinella Townsend, 1914f: 86.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Eujurinella abdominalis Townsend, 1914.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Eujurinella abdominalis Townsend, 1914, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Jurinella Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889 [teste Guimarães (1971: 56)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
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113
CHARLES HENRY TYLER TOWNSEND
454. Eujurinia Townsend, 1908a: 113 [1908c: 380].
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Hyctricia pollinosa Wulp, 1888.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Hystricia pollinosa Wulp, 1888 sensu Townsend, 1908 [misidentification; = Eujurinia jicaltepecia
Townsend, 1931], by monotypy.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Jurinella Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889 [teste Guimarães (1971: 56)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
455. Eujuriniodes Townsend, 1935c: 219.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Eujuriniodes eva Townsend, 1935.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Eujuriniodes eva Townsend, 1935, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 54)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
456. Eujuriniopsis Townsend, 1931d: 354.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Hystricia pollinosa Wulp, 1888.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Hystricia pollinosa Wulp, 1888, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Jurinella Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889 [teste Guimarães (1971: 56)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
457. Eularvaevora Townsend, 1916f: 27.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Tachina algens Wiedemann, 1830.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Tachina algens Wiedemann, 1830 sensu Townsend, 1916 [misidentification; type fixed as
Fabriciella ampliforceps Rowe, 1931 via ICZN Code Article 70.3.2 [by O’Hara & Wood (2004: 325)].
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Nowickia Wachtl, 1894 (subgenus of Tachina Meigen, 1803) [teste O’Hara
& Wood (2004: 325)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Originally proposed as a full genus.
458. Eulasiona Townsend, 1892n: 119 [1892: 139].
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Eulasiona comstocki Townsend, 1892.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Eulasiona comstocki Townsend, 1892, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 56)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Eulasiona was made available in two papers issued simultaneously in the June issue of the Transactions
of the American Entomological Society. Although page precedence is not regulated in the ICZN Code,
most workers give the original citation for this nominal genus as dating from the full description of it in
Townsend (1892n: 119) rather than from Townsend (1892o: 139), in which characters to differentiate it
are given in the key to genera.
459. Eulasiopalpus Townsend, 1913m: 104.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Lasiopalpus albipes Townsend, 1913.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Lasiopalpus albipes Townsend, 1913, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 54)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
EVENHUIS ET AL.
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460. Euleucomyia Townsend, 1934c: 202.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Euleucomyia australis Townsend, 1934.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Euleucomyia australis Townsend, 1934 [= Tachina brevicornis Wiedemann, 1830], by original
designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Tricharaea Thomson, 1869 [teste Pape (1996: 435)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
461. Euloewia Townsend, 1915m: 109.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Loewia globosa Townsend, 1892; Euloewia madrensis Townsend, 1915.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Loewia globosa Townsend, 1892, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Gnadochaeta Macquart, 1851 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 276)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: The original designation of Loewia globosa Townsend, 1892 as the type species in on page 108 in the
narrative of the work.
462. Euloewiodoria Townsend, 1927a: 260.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Euloewiodoria eulalia Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Euloewiodoria eulalia Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 162)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
463. Euloewiopsis Townsend, 1917c: 222.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Euloewiopsis setosa Townsend, 1917.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Euloewiopsis setosa Townsend, 1917 [= Tachina anthracina Wiedemann, 1830], by original
designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 26)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
464. Eumachaeraea Townsend, 1927a: 263.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Eumachaeraea auricephala Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Eumachaeraea auricephala Townsend, 1927, original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 134)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
465. Eumacrohoughia Townsend, 1927a: 275.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Eumacrohoughia nuda Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Eumacrohoughia nuda Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Houghia Coquillett, 1897 [teste Fleming et al. (2014: 9)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
466. Eumacronychia Townsend, 1892n: 98 [1892o: 136].
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Eumacronychia decens Townsend, 1892; Eumacronychia elita Townsend, 1892.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Eumacronychia decens Townsend, 1892, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Pape (1996: 86)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
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CHARLES HENRY TYLER TOWNSEND
R
EMARKS
: Eumacronychia was made available in two papers issued simultaneously in the June issue of the
Transactions of the American Entomological Society. Although page precedence is not regulated in the
ICZN Code, most workers give the original citation for this nominal genus as dating from the full
description of it in Townsend (1892n: 98) rather than from Townsend (1892o: 136), in which characters to
differentiate it are given in the key to genera.
467. Eumasicera Townsend, 1909b: 249.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Eumasicera coccidella Townsend, 1909.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Eumasicera coccidella Townsend, 1909 (as “L. coccidella n. sp.”), by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Houghia Coquillett, 1897 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 183)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
468. Eumedoria Townsend, 1916f: 12.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Tachina digramma Meigen, 1824.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Tachina digramma Meigen, 1824, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Gastrolepta Rondani, 1862 [teste Herting & Dely-Draskovits (1993: 149)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
469. Eumegaparia Townsend, 1908a: 58.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Megaparia flaveola Coquillett, 1902.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Megaparia flaveola Coquillett, 1902, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 26)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE
470. Eumelanepalpus Townsend, 1915j: 74.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Eumelanepalpus ruber Townsend, 1915.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Eumelanepalpus ruber Townsend, 1915, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 66)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
471. Eumesembrina Townsend, 1908a: 50, 124.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Mesembrina latreillii Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 (as “Mes. latreillei Robineau-
Desvoidy”); Eumesembrina alascensis Townsend, 1908.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Mesembrina latreillii Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, by subsequent designation (Sharp, 1910: 383).
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Mesembrina Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste Poole (1996: 184)].
F
AMILY
: MUSCIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Huckett (1965) and Poole (1996) gave the type species as Mesembrina latreillei by original designation,
but this is incorrect. The statement “Proposed for Mes. latreillei Robineau-Desvoidy” is not an explicit
statement of a type fixation [see Thompson & Evenhuis (1990) and Sabrosky (1999) for more details].
Thus, because there are two originally included species, a subsequent type species designation is needed,
and the earliest is of Mesembrina latreillii Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 by Sharp (1910: 383 [January]).
Coquillett (1910: 124 [4 August]) designated the same species but was later.
472. Eumesembrinella Townsend, 1931a: 69.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Musca quadrilineata Fabricius, 1805 (with “Ochromyia flavipennis 1st Macq.” in
synonymy).
EVENHUIS ET AL.
116
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T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Musca quadrilineata Fabricius, 1805 [preoccupied by Musca quadrilineata Gmelin, 1790; =
Ochromyia flavipennis Macquart, 1844, by original designation].
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste James (1970: 2)].
F
AMILY
: CALLIPHORIDAE.
473. Eumetopiops Townsend, 1933a: 445.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Araba nebulosa Coquillett, 1902.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Araba nebulosa Coquillett, 1902, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Sphenometopa Townsend, 1908 [teste Pape (1996: 145)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
474. Eumicrophthalma Townsend, 1915r: 97.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Eumicrophthalma shannoni Townsend, 1915.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Eumicrophthalma shannoni Townsend, 1915 [= Megaprosopus michiganensis Townsend, 1892],
by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Microphthalma Macquart, 1843 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 270)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
475. Eumiltogramma Townsend, 1933a: 443.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Eumiltogramma angustifrons Townsend, 1933
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Eumiltogramma angustifrons Townsend, 1933, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Miltogramma Meigen, 1803 [teste Pape (1996: 105)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
476. Eumusca Townsend, 1911b: 168, 170.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Musca coruina Fabricius, 1781 (as “Musca corvina”).
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Musca coruina Fabricius, 1781 [= Musca autumnalis De Geer, 1776], by monotypy.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Musca Linnaeus, 1758 [teste Pont (1986: 87)].
F
AMILY
: MUSCIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Huckett (1965: 913) stated that Eumusca Townsend, 1911 was originally proposed as a subgenus
[although not stated, presumably of Musca Linnaeus, 1758]. However, a check of the original paper by
Townsend (1911b) shows no evidence of a proposal of this name as a subgenus. Townsend clearly
separated it from Musca and said it is a new genus in the narrative of the paper (pages 167–168) and in the
heading for the new genus (page 170). Huckett (1965: 913) gave the method of type species fixation as by
original designation, but this is incorrect. The statement “Proposed for Musca corvina Fab.” is deemed to
not be an explicit statement of a type fixation [see Thompson & Evenhuis (1990) and Sabrosky (1999) for
more details]. Thus, because there in only one originally included species, the type species is Musca
coruina Fabricius, 1781(as “Musca corvina”), by monotypy, which is the method of type species fixation
listed by Pont (1986: 87).
477. Eumyobia Townsend, 1911a: 146.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Eumyobia flava Townsend, 1911.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Eumyobia flava Townsend, 1911, by monotypy.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Leskia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste O’Hara & Wood (1998: 754)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Although O’Hara & Wood (1998: 754) indicated the correct method of type fixation for this name,
Guimarães (1971: 116) gave the method of type fixation as by original designation (as “gen., sp. n.”),
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·
117
CHARLES HENRY TYLER TOWNSEND
which is incorrect. The ICZN Code Article 68.2.1 allows such a phraseology to be an original designation
only if it is applied to one of two or more originally included species. In this case, there is only one
included species, thus the type fixation is by monotypy.
478. Eumyothyria Townsend, 1892n: 121 [1892o: 141].
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Eumyothyria illinoiensis Townsend, 1892.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Eumyothyria illinoiensis Townsend, 1892, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Cryptomeigenia Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891 [teste O’Hara & Wood
(2004: 84)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Eumyothyria was made available in two papers issued simultaneously in the June issue of the
Transactions of the American Entomological Society. Although page precedence is not regulated in the
ICZN Code, most workers give the original citation for this nominal genus as dating from the full
description of it in Townsend (1892n: 98) rather than from Townsend (1892o: 136), in which characters to
differentiate it are given in the key to genera.
479. Eunemorilla Townsend, 1919a: 177.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Eunemorilla peruviana Townsend, 1919.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Eunemorilla peruviana Townsend, 1919, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 121)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
480. Eunotochaeta Townsend, 1934c: 203.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Eunotochaeta amazonica Townsend, 1934.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Eunotochaeta amazonica Townsend, 1934, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Notochaeta Aldrich, 1916 (subgenus of Lepidodexia Brauer &
Bergenstamm, 1891) [teste Pape (1996: 240)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Originally proposed as a full genus.
481. Euoestrogaster Townsend, 1935c: 224.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Euoestrogaster fuscus Townsend, 1935.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Euoestrogaster fuscus Townsend, 1935, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Calodexia Wulp, 1891 [teste Wood (1985: 25)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
482. Euoestrogastrodes Townsend, 1935c: 224.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Euoestrogastrodes flavescens Townsend, 1935.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Euoestrogastrodes flavescens Townsend, 1935, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Calodexia Wulp, 1891 [teste Wood (1985: 25)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
483. Euoestrophasia Townsend, 1892o: 133.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Oestrophasia aperta Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Oestrophasia aperta Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889, by monotypy.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 20)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
EVENHUIS ET AL.
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484. Euoestropsis Townsend, 1913b: 133.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Oestropsis viridis Townsend, 1912, automatic [by designation of the same species (by original
designation) for Oestropsis Townsend, 1912].
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: New replacement name for Oestropsis Townsend, 1912; valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971:
25)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
485. Euomogenia Townsend, 1908a: 132.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Euomogenia lacteata Townsend, 1908.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Euomogenia lacteata Townsend, 1908, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Homogenia Wulp, 1892 [teste Guimarães (1971: 7).
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
486. Eupalpocyptera Townsend, 1927d: 286.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Eupalpocyptera angusticauda Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Eupalpocyptera angusticauda Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Lophosia Meigen, 1824 [teste O’Hara et al. (2009: 128)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
487. Euparaphyto Townsend, 1912f: 359.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Euparaphyto alpina Townsend, 1912.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Euparaphyto alpina Townsend, 1912, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Microcerella Macquart, 1851 [teste Pape (1996: 250)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
488. Eupelecotheca Townsend, 1919a: 169.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Eupelecotheca celer Townsend, 1919.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Eupelecotheca celer Townsend, 1919, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Neomintho Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004:
249)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
489. Eupeleteria Townsend, 1908a: 111.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Musca fera Linnaeus, 1761; Echinomyia magnicornis Zetterstedt, 1844; Tachina
praeceps Meigen, 1824.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Musca fera Linnaeus, 1761, by subsequent designation (Townsend, 1909b: 244).
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Tachina Meigen, 1803 [teste Hering (1984: 855)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Originally proposed as a full genus. This nominal genus is missing from Herting & Dely-Draskovits
(1993), but they listed its type species (Musca fera Linnaeus, 1761) under Eudoromyia Bezzi, 1906. We
follow Herting (1984), who treated Eupeleteria Townsend, 1908 as a junior synonym of Eudoromyia Bezzi,
1906, which itself was treated as a junior synonym of Tachina Meigen, 1803 [teste Hering (1984: 855)].
490. Euphania Townsend, 1916f: 12.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Phania vittata Meigen, 1824.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Phania vittata Meigen, 1824, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Preoccupied by Westwood, 1841; junior synonym of Hemyda Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste
Herting & Dely-Draskovits (1993: 432)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
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119
CHARLES HENRY TYLER TOWNSEND
491. Euphasia Townsend, 1908a: 76.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Neophasia picta Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1893.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Neophasia picta Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1893, automatic [by designation of the same species (by
monotypy) for Neophasia Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1893].
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: New replacement name for Neophasia Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1893; preoccupied by
Stephens, 1830; senior (but invalid) synonym of Neximyia Crosskey, 1967 [teste Cantrell & Crosskey
(1989: 759)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
492. Euphasiopteryx Townsend, 1915b: 23.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Phasiopteryx australis Townsend, 1911.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Phasiopteryx australis Townsend, 1911, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Ormia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 282)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
493. Euphorantha Townsend, 1915b: 20.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Alophora diversa Coquillett, 1897.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Alophora diversa Coquillett, 1897, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Phasia Latreille, 1804 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 227)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
494. Euphormia Townsend, 1919b: 542.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Musca regina Meigen, 1826.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Musca regina Meigen, 1826, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Phormia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste Schumann (1986: 41)].
F
AMILY
: CALLIPHORIDAE.
495. Euphorocera Townsend, 1892n: 112 [1892o: 137].
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Euphorocera tachinomoides Townsend, 1892.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Euphorocera tachinomoides Townsend, 1892, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Chetogena Rondani, 1856 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 145)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
496. Euphoroceropsis Townsend, 1917d: 50.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Euphoroceropsis alba Townsend, 1917.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Euphoroceropsis alba Townsend, 1917, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Austrophorocera Townsend, 1916 [teste O’Hara & Wood (1998: 755)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
497. Euphyto Townsend, 1908a: 63.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Leucostoma subopaca Coquillett, 1897.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Leucostoma subopaca Coquillett, 1897, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Pape (1996: 88)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
EVENHUIS ET AL.
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498. Euprospherysa Townsend, 1928b: 147.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Euprospherysa fumipennis Townsend, 1928.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Euprospherysa fumipennis Townsend, 1928, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Lixophaga Townsend, 1908 [teste Wood (1985: 52)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
499. Eupseudosarcophaga Townsend, 1933a: 442.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Sarcophila mamillata Pandellé, 1896.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Sarcophila mamillata Pandellé, 1896, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Agria Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste Pape (1996: 158)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
500. Euptilodegeeria Townsend, 1931e: 465.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Hypostena obumbrata Wulp, 1890.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Hypostena obumbrata Wulp, 1890, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Inclan & Stireman (2013: 68)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
501. Euptilomyia Townsend, 1939e: 451.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Euptilomyia frontalis Townsend, 1939.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Euptilomyia frontalis Townsend, 1939, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 120)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
502. Euptilopsis Townsend, 1919a: 180.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Ptilopsis sexmaculata Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Ptilopsis sexmaculata Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863, automatic [by designation of the same species (by
monotypy) for Ptilopsis Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863].
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: New replacement name for Ptilopsis Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863; placed in “Doubtful taxa in
Tachinidae” by Herting & Dely-Draskovits (1993: 437)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
503. Euptilopareia Townsend, 1916m: 319.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Paraplagia erucicola Coquillett, 1897.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Paraplagia erucicola Coquillett, 1897, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 57)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
504. Euquadratosoma Townsend, 1915j: 75.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Euquadratosoma rubrum Townsend, 1915.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Euquadratosoma rubrum Townsend, 1915, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Cryptopalpus Rondani, 1850 [teste Guimarães (1971: 61)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
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121
CHARLES HENRY TYLER TOWNSEND
505. Euravinia Townsend, 1917i: 191.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Ravinia communis Parker, 1914.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Ravinia communis Parker, 1914 [= Sarcophaga querula Walker, 1849], by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Ravinia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863 [teste Pape (1996: 284)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
506. Euryceromyia Townsend, 1892n: 115 [1892o: 138].
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Euryceromyia robertsonii Townsend, 1892.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Euryceromyia robertsonii Townsend, 1892, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Neaera Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 280)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Euryceromyia was made available in two papers issued simultaneously in the June issue of the
Transactions of the American Entomological Society. Although page precedence is not regulated in the
ICZN Code, most workers give the original citation for this nominal genus as dating from the full
description of it in Townsend (1892n: 115) rather than from Townsend (1892o: 138), in which characters
to differentiate it are given in the key to genera. The spelling “Euceromyia” has been attributed to
Townsend in a number of works including the Index Zoologicus (Waterhouse, 1902) but is an incorrect
subsequent spelling of Euryceromyia Townsend, 1892. The earliest incorrect attribution using this
misspelling that we have found is by Coquillett (1897: 39) [see List of Diptera Genus-Group Names
Incorrectly Attributed to Townsend].
507. Eurygastropsis Townsend, 1916i: 158.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Eurigaster tasmaniae Walker, 1858.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Eurigaster tasmaniae Walker, 1858, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Cantrell & Crosskey (1989: 777)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
[Eurythiopsis] Townsend, 1914a: 11.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Unavailable name; no differentiating characters or included species; treated under Exopalpus
Macquart, 1851 [teste this work].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: This nominal genus was listed in the narrative in Townsend (1914a: 11) without criteria to make it
available there. It was subsequently fully described in a following installment of this series of papers
(Townsend, 1914d: 30).
508. Eurythiopsis Townsend, 1914d: 30.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Eurythiopsis ochracea Townsend, 1914.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Eurythiopsis ochracea Townsend, 1914, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Exopalpus Macquart, 1851 [teste Guimarães (1971: 55)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
509. Eusaundersiops Townsend, 1915j: 76.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Eusaundersiops notata Townsend, 1915.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Eusaundersiops notata Townsend, 1915 [= Saundersia inornatus Schiner, 1868], by original
designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 67)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
EVENHUIS ET AL.
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510. Euscopolia Townsend, 1892n: 123 [1892o: 141].
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Euscopolia dakotensis Townsend, 1892.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Euscopolia dakotensis Townsend, 1892, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 288)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Euscopolia was made available in two papers issued simultaneously in the June issue of the
Transactions of the American Entomological Society. Although page precedence is not regulated in the
ICZN Code, most workers give the original citation for this nominal genus as dating from the full
description of it in Townsend (1892n: 123) rather than from Townsend (1892o: 141), in which characters
to differentiate it are given in the key to genera.
511. Euscopoliopteryx Townsend, 1917c: 223.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Euscopoliopteryx nebulosa Townsend, 1917.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Euscopoliopteryx nebulosa Townsend, 1917 [= Dictya externa Fabricius, 1805], by original
designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 19)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
512. Euselenomyia Townsend, 1912f: 364.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Euselenomyia peruviensis Townsend, 1912.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Euselenomyia peruviensis Townsend, 1912 [= Miltogramma trilineata Wulp, 1880], by original
designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Senotainia Macquart, 1846 [teste Pape (1996: 133)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
513. Eusenotainia Townsend, 1915b: 22.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Hilarella rufiventris Coquillett, 1897.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Hilarella rufiventris Coquillett, 1897, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Senotainia Macquart, 1846 [teste Pape (1996: 133)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
[Eusignosoma] Townsend, 1914e: 44.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Unavailable name; no differentiating characters or included species; treated under Epalpus
Rondani, 1850 [teste this work].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: This nominal genus was listed in Townsend (1914e: 44) without criteria to make it available there. It
was subsequently made available in a subsequent installment of this series of papers (Townsend, 1914f:
94).
514. Eusignosoma Townsend, 1914f: 94 [1914h: 123].
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: None.
F
IRST
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Eusignosoma aureum Townsend, 1914; Eusignosoma aureolatum Townsend, 1914;
Eusignosoma nigrum Townsend, 1914 (in Townsend, 1914h: 124–126).
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Eusignosoma aureum Townsend, 1914, by subsequent designation (Townsend, 1914h: 124).
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Epalpus Rondani, 1850 [teste Guimarães (1971: 63)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
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123
CHARLES HENRY TYLER TOWNSEND
R
EMARKS
: Guimarães (1971: 63) gave the method of type fixation for Eusignosoma as by original designation in
Townsend (1914h: 123), but this is incorrect. Although Eusignosoma was fully described in Townsend
(1914h: 123) and Eusignosoma aureum Townsend, 1914 was explicitly designated there as the type
species, the genus-group name was made available in an earlier publication (Townsend, 1914f: 94) where
characters were given to differentiate the taxon, but no species were originally included. Because of this
earlier availability and no originally included species, the type fixation is Eusignosoma aureum
Townsend, 1914, by subsequent designation.
515. Eusisyropa Townsend, 1908a: 97.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Tachina blanda Osten Sacken, 1887 (as “Eusisyropa blanda Osten-Sacken”);
Exorista booarmiae Coquillett, 1897 (as “Eusisyropa booarmiae Coquillett”).
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Tachina blanda Osten Sacken, 1887, by subsequent designation (Sharp, 1910: 383; as “Exorista
blanda Osten-Sacken”).
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Hyphantrophaga Townsend, 1892 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 184)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Sabrosky & Arnaud (1965: 1093) gave the type-species for Eusisyropa Townsend, 1908 as Tachina
blanda Osten Sacken, 1887, by monotypy, but this is incorrect as there were two originally included
species. O’Hara & Wood (2004: 184) gave Coquillett (1910: 543 [4 August]) as having made the earliest
subsequent designation of Tachina blanda Osten Sacken, 1887 as the type species. We have found an
earlier one by Sharp (1910: 383 [January]) of the same species.
[Eustomatodexia] Townsend, 1892s: 167.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Eustomatodexia insulensis Townsend, 1892.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Unavailable name; treated under Stomatodexia Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889 [teste Guimarães
(1971: 119)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Both the genus-group and species group names are unavailable according to ICZN Code Article 1.3.2
since Townsend (1892s: 167) named these taxa based on deformities of the abdomen.
516. Eusynamphoneura Townsend, 1917h: 189.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Idia seriepunctata Loew, 1852 (with “Cosmina depressa, Karsch” in synonymy).
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Idia seriepunctata Loew, 1852 [= Dictya aenea Fabricius, 1805], by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Cosmina Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste Pont (1980c: 780; as
Calliphoridae)].
F
AMILY
: RHINIIDAE.
517. Eutelothyria Townsend, 1931d: 332.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Eutelothyria itaquaquecetubae Townsend, 1931
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Eutelothyria itaquaquecetubae Townsend, 1931, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 120)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
518. Euthelaira Townsend, 1912f: 305.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Euthelaira inambarica Townsend, 1912.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Euthelaira inambarica Townsend, 1912, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 156)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
EVENHUIS ET AL.
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519. Euthelairopsis Townsend, 1927a: 258.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Euthelairopsis brasiliensis Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Euthelairopsis brasiliensis Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Neomintho Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891 [teste Guimarães (1971: 156)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
520. Euthelairosoma Townsend, 1926d: 32.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Euthelairosoma chaetopygiale Townsend, 1926.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Euthelairosoma chaetopygiale Townsend, 1926, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Prodegeeria Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1894 [teste O’Hara et al. (2009: 54)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
521. Euthelyconychia Townsend, 1927a: 279.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Euthelyconychia clausa Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Euthelyconychia clausa Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 90)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
[Eutheresia] Townsend, 1911a: 149.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Unavailable name; no differentiating characters given and no available included species; treated
under Billaea Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 22)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Townsend (1911a: 149) stated “for Coquillett’s Theresia analis” but this name is a nomen nudum. It
referred to specimens labeled by Coquillett as Theresia analis but that name was never described and no
characters are given in Townsend (1911a) to differentiate the nominal genus or Theresia analis.
522. Eutheresia Townsend, 1912c: 117.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Eutheresia monohammi Townsend, 1912.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Eutheresia monohammi Townsend, 1912, by monotypy.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Billaea Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 22)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Townsend (1912c: 117) gave details on the type species that explained his brief statement in Townsend
(1911a: 149), indicating that there were specimens in the U.S. National Museum labeled by Coquillett as
“Theresia analis Coquillett” but it was never described by him. Townsend gave the specimens his own
name of monohammi rather than use Coquillett’s.
523. Eutheresiops Townsend, 1917d: 48.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Eutheresiops trixoides Townsend, 1917.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Eutheresiops trixoides Townsend, 1917 [= Tyreomma muscinum Wulp, 1896], by original
designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Tyreomma Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891 [teste Guimarães (1971: 38)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
524. Eutheropsis Townsend, 1916g: 178.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Euthera mannii Mik, 1889.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Euthera mannii Mik, 1889 [= Ocyptera fascipennis Loew, 1854], by original designation.
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CHARLES HENRY TYLER TOWNSEND
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Euthera Loew, 1866 [teste O’Hara et al. (2009: 33)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
525. Euthryptocera Townsend, 1916b: 624.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Tachina latifrons Meigen, 1824.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Tachina latifrons Meigen, 1824 [= Tachina versicolor Fallén, 1820], by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Goniocera Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891 [teste Herting & Dely-Draskovits
(1993: 326)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
526. Euthyprosopa Townsend, 1892n: 106 [1892o: 136].
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Euthyprosopa petiolata Townsend, 1892.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Euthyprosopa petiolata Townsend, 1892 [= Hypertrophocera parvipes Brauer & Bergenstamm,
1891], by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Hypertrophocera Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891 [teste O’Hara & Wood
(2004: 335)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Euthyprosopa was made available in two papers issued simultaneously in the June issue of the
Transactions of the American Entomological Society. Although page precedence is not regulated in the
ICZN Code, most workers give the original citation for this nominal genus as dating from the full
description of it in Townsend (1892n: 106) rather than from Townsend (1892o: 136), in which characters
to differentiate it are given in the key to genera.
527. Eutorocca Townsend, 1919b: 554.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Eutorocca fasciata Townsend, 1919.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Eutorocca fasciata Townsend, 1919, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Torocca Walker, 1859 [teste Crosskey (1977b: 619)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
528. Eutrichophora Townsend, 1915a: 183.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Eutrichophora punensis Townsend, 1915.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Eutrichophora punensis Townsend, 1915, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 77)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
529. Eutrichopoda Townsend, 1908a: 134.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Eutrichopoda nigra Townsend, 1908 (with “Trich. lanipes van der Wulp (non
J.C. Fabricius, Wiedemann), Biol. C.A. Dipt., II, pp. 434–5” in synonymy).
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Eutrichopoda nigra Townsend, 1908, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 7)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
530. Eutricogena Townsend, 1915b: 23.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Tricogena setipennis Coquillett, 1897.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Tricogena setipennis Coquillett, 1897, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Ramonda Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863 (subgenus of Periscepsia Gistel, 1848)
[teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 65)].
EVENHUIS ET AL.
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F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Originally proposed as a full genus.
531. Eutritochaeta Townsend, 1919b: 580.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Eutritochaeta carpocapsae Townsend, 1919.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Eutritochaeta carpocapsae Townsend, 1919, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Nilea Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 132)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
532. Eutrixopsis Townsend, 1919a: 166.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Eutrixopsis javana Townsend, 1919.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Eutrixopsis javana Townsend, 1919, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste O’Hara et al. (2009: 162)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
533. Euxysta Townsend, 1911b: 152, 169.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Xysta semicana Egger, 1860; Xysta grandis Egger, 1860 (as “Euxysta grandis”).
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Xysta semicana Egger, 1860 [= Phasia cana Meigen, 1824], by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Opesia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863 [teste Herting & Dely-Draskovits (1993:
407)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Herting & Dely-Draskovits (1993: 407) gave the method of type fixation as by original designation. In
the full description of the new nominal genus, Townsend (1911b: 169) stated “Proposed for Xysta
semicana Egger”, which is not an explicit designation of that species as the type [see Evenhuis &
Thompson (1990) and Sabrosky (1999) for more details]. However, in the narrative Townsend (1911b:
152) explicitly stated “Euxysta, type X. semicana Egger”, which is an original designation.
534. Euzelia Townsend, 1915b: 23.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Zelia wildermuthii Walton, 1914.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Zelia wildermuthii Walton, 1914, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Zelia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 37)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
[Euzenilla] Townsend, 1912c: 111.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Incorrect subsequent spelling of Euzenillia Townsend, 1911.
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Criteria to make this name available as an emendation were not found to be fulfilled in this work. The
heading states “Euzenilla aurea, new genus and new species”, but reference is clearly made on the next
line to Townsend (1911a: 148) as the original description. Evidence supporting Euzenilla as an incorrect
subsequent spelling is found in the orthography of the tribe, of which Townsend (1912c: 112) treated this
genus as the type. It is spelled as Euzenilliinae where the root of the family-group name is Euzenilli-. If the
intended spelling for the genus-group name were Euzenilla, the root would be Euzenill-
535. Euzenillia Townsend, 1911a: 148.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Euzenillia aurea Townsend, 1911.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Euzenillia aurea Townsend, 1911 [= Hypostena variabilis Coquillett, 1895], by monotypy.
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CHARLES HENRY TYLER TOWNSEND
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Lixophaga Townsend, 1908 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 92)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
536. Euzenilliopsis Townsend, 1916k: 76.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Euzenilliopsis diatraeae Townsend, 1916.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Euzenilliopsis diatraeae Townsend, 1916, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Lixophaga Townsend, 1908 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 92)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
537. Everestiomyia Townsend, 1933a: 466.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Everestiomyia antennalis Townsend, 1933.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Everestiomyia antennalis Townsend, 1933, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste O’Hara et al. (2009: 141)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
538. Exodexia Townsend, 1927a: 227.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Exodexia uruhasi Townsend, 1927 (as “urhuasi”).
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Exodexia uruhasi Townsend, 1927 (as “urhuasi”), by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 29)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: There are two original spellings of the nominal type species in Townsend (1927a): urhuasi (page 227)
and uruhuasi (page 310). Townsend (1927a: second unnumbered page of errata) corrected the spelling.
539. Exoernestia Townsend, 1927a: 244.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Exoernestia uruhasi Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Exoernestia uruhasi Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 83)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
540. Exoristopsis Townsend, 1915n: 426.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Exoristopsis setifera Townsend, 1915.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Exoristopsis setifera Townsend, 1915, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Chrysotachina Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889 [teste O’Hara (2002: 86)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
541. Fabriciodes Townsend, 1916f: 26.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Fabriciodes montana Townsend, 1916 (with “Echinomyia florum Coquillett,
1897” in synonymy).
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Fabriciodes montana Townsend, 1916, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Nowickia Wachtl, 1894 (subgenus of Tachina Meigen, 1803) [teste O’Hara
& Wood (2004: 325)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Originally proposed as a full genus.
EVENHUIS ET AL.
128
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[Fabriciopsis] Townsend, 1914a: 11 [1914e: 48].
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Unavailable name; no differentiating characters or included species; treated under Fabriciopsis
Townsend, 1914 [teste this work].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: This nominal genus was listed in Townsend (1914a: 11; 1914e: 48) without criteria to make it available
in either publication. It was subsequently fully described in a subsequent installment of this series of
papers (Townsend, 1914f: 83).
542. Fabriciopsis Townsend, 1914f: 83.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Fabriciopsis hystrix Townsend, 1914.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Fabriciopsis hystrix Townsend, 1914, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 55)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
543. Fasslomyia Townsend, 1931e: 452.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Fasslomyia fantastica Townsend, 1931.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Fasslomyia fantastica Townsend, 1931, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 84)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
544. Fletcherimyia Townsend, 1917i: 191.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Sarcophaga fletcheri Aldrich, 1916.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Sarcophaga fletcheri Aldrich, 1916, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Pape (1996: 224)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
545. Forcipophasia Townsend, 1935c: 216.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Forcipophasia fusca Townsend, 1935.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Forcipophasia fusca Townsend, 1935, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Acaulona Wulp, 1884 [teste Toma (2003: 269)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
546. Formicocyptera Townsend, 1933a: 451.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Ocyptera atrata Fabricius, 1805.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Ocyptera atrata Fabricius, 1805, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Cylindromyia Meigen, 1803 [teste Crosskey (1980: 826)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
547. Formicomyia Townsend, 1916d: 17.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Formicomyia ovata Townsend, 1916.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Formicomyia ovata Townsend, 1916, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 77)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
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129
CHARLES HENRY TYLER TOWNSEND
548. Formicophania Townsend, 1916m: 322.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Formicophania elegans Townsend, 1916.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Formicophania elegans Townsend, 1916, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Crosskey (1977b: 593)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
549. Formosodoria Townsend, 1933a: 475.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Sturmia dilabida Villeneuve, 1916.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Sturmia dilabida Villeneuve, 1916 [= Meigenia ciliata Wulp, 1881], by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Zygobothria Mik, 1891 (subgenus of Drino Robineau-Devoidy, 1830) [teste
Crosskey (1977b: 693)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: At the time of Crosskey (1977b: 693), Zygobothria Mik, 1891 was considered a full genus. It is
currently treated as a subgenus of Drino Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste O’Hara et al. (2009: 69)].
550. Formosolophosia Townsend, 1927d: 280.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Formosolophosia hemydoides Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Formosolophosia hemydoides Townsend, 1927 [= Xenolophosia hamulata Villeneuve, 1926], by
original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Lophosia Meigen, 1824 [teste O’Hara et al. (2009: 128)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
551. Froggattimyia Townsend, 1916i: 155.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Froggattimyia hirta Townsend, 1916.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Froggattimyia hirta Townsend, 1916, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Cantrell & Crosskey (1989: 766)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
552. Frontiniella Townsend, 1918c: 21.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Frontiniella parancilla Townsend, 1918 [with “Frontina ancilla Coq., 1897,
Rev. Tach., 106 (nec Walker, Dipt. Saund., 209” in synonymy)].
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Frontiniella parancilla Townsend, 1918, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 174)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: The original spelling of the type species (as “Frontiniella pararcilla”) has been considered by all
subsequent workers as a printer’s error for Frontiniella parancilla.
553. Frontiniellopsis Townsend, 1927h: 61.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Frontiniellopsis sumatrensis Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Frontiniellopsis sumatrensis Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Atractocerops Townsend, 1916 [teste Crosskey (1977b: 687)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
554. Frontinogaedia Townsend, 1926a: 37.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Baumhaueria analis Wulp, 1867.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Baumhaueria analis Wulp, 1867, by original designation.
EVENHUIS ET AL.
130
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C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Chaetogaedia Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004:
166)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
555. Frontocnephalia Townsend, 1916d: 16.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Frontocnephalia angusta Townsend, 1916.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Frontocnephalia angusta Townsend, 1916, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 175)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
556. Gabanimyia Townsend, 1914a: 10 [1914e: 44].
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: None.
F
IRST
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Gabanimyia polita Townsend, 1914; Gabanimyia hystricosa Townsend, 1914 (in
Townsend, 1914e: 45–46).
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Gabanimyia polita Townsend, 1914, by subsequent designation (in Townsend, 1914e: 45).
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Trichophora Macquart, 1847 [teste Guimarães (1971: 72)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Guimarães (1971: 72) gave the method of type fixation for Gabanimyia as by original designation in
Townsend (1914e: 44), but this is incorrect. Although Gabanimyia was fully described in Townsend
(1914e: 44) and Gabanimyia polita Townsend, 1914 was explicitly designated there as the type species,
the genus-group name was made available in an earlier publication (Townsend, 1914a: 10) where
characters were given to differentiate the taxon, but no species were originally included. Because of this
earlier availability and no originally included species, the type fixation is Gabanimyia polita Townsend,
1914, by subsequent designation.
557. Gaediogonia Townsend, 1927h: 71.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Gaediogonia jacobsoni Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Gaediogonia jacobsoni Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Pseudogonia Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889 [teste Crosskey (1977b: 684)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
558. Gaedioxenis Townsend, 1943a: 335.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Gaedioxenis setifrons Villeneuve, 1937.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Gaedioxenis setifrons Villeneuve, 1937, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Evenhuis et al. (2008: 14)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Villeneuve (1937) proposed Gaedioxenis and Villeneuve (1939) subsequently mentioned the genus-
group name, and each paper included two new available nominal species in that genus, but no type species
was designated from the included species in either work. Because Gaedioxenis was proposed after 1930
without a type-species designation, it is an unavailable name from both Villeneuve works. Townsend
(1943a: 335) was the first to satisfy the criteria to make Gaedioxenis available by giving a bibliographic
reference to the description and designating Gaedioxenis setifrons Villeneuve, 1937 as the type species.
Gaedioxenis thus takes authorship and date of availability from Townsend (1943a: 335).
559. Galactomyia Townsend, 1908a: 135.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Trichopoda radiata Loew, 1863; Thereva lanipes Fabricius, 1805 (with
Trichopoda formosa Wiedemann, 1830 in synonymy); Trichopoda tropicalis Townsend, 1897.
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131
CHARLES HENRY TYLER TOWNSEND
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Trichopoda radiata Loew, 1863 [= Thereva lanipes Fabricius, 1805], by subsequent designation
(Sharp, 1910: 383).
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid subgenus of Trichopoda Berthold, 1827 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 233)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE
R
EMARKS
: Originally proposed as a full genus. Previous catalogs [e.g., Sabrosky & Arnaud (1965: 966),
Guimarães (1971: 7), O’Hara & Wood (2004: 233) gave the type species as Trichopoda radiata Loew,
1863 by original designation, but this is incorrect. Townsend’s (1908a: 135) statement “This genus is
proposed for Trich. radiata H. Loew” is not an explicit designation of that species as the type [see
Evenhuis & Thompson (1990) and Sabrosky (1999) for more details]. Since there is more than one
originally included nominal species, a subsequent designation is necessary. The earliest we have found is
of Trichopoda radiata Loew, 1863 by Sharp (1910: 383 [January]). Coquillett (1910: 546 [4 August])
designated Thereva lanipes Fabricius, 1805, but this was later.
[Gastrophilus] Townsend, 1891b: 94, 96 [1908a: 51; 1908a: 117; 1911b: 154; 1914g: 163].
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Incorrect subsequent spelling of Gasterophilus Leach, 1817 or subsequent usage of
Gastrophilus Agassiz, 1846.
F
AMILY
: OESTRIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: The earliest mention of the nominal genus Gasterophilus Leach, 1817 using the spelling “Gastrophilus”
is Gastrophilus (Agassiz, 1846: 160), as an unjustified emendation.
[Gaudiophana] Townsend, 1927a: 245.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Incorrect subsequent spelling of Gaediophana Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1893.
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Criteria to make this name available as an emendation were not found to be fulfilled in this work. The
misspelling was corrected in the errata in the same work (Townsend, 1927a: second unnumbered page).
560. Geneodes Townsend, 1934f: 394.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Geneodes grisescens Townsend, 1934.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Geneodes grisescens Townsend, 1934, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 117)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
561. Geneoglossa Townsend, 1935c: 225.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Geneoglossa glossata Townsend, 1935.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Geneoglossa glossata Townsend, 1935, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Genea Rondani, 1850 [teste Guimarães (1971: 116)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
562. Geneopsis Townsend, 1927a: 212.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Geneopsis major Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Geneopsis major Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Genea Rondani, 1850 [teste Guimarães (1971: 116)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
563. Germariopsis Townsend, 1915i: 66.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Germariopsis andina Townsend, 1915.
EVENHUIS ET AL.
132
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T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Germariopsis andina Townsend, 1915, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 175)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
564. Gerocyptera Townsend, 1916g: 178.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Trichoprosopa marginalis Walker, 1860.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Trichoprosopa marginalis Walker, 1860, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid subgenus of Cylindromyia Meigen, 1803 [teste O’Hara et al. (2009: 126)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Originally proposed as a full genus.
565. Gerotachina Townsend, 1916i: 152.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Tachina obtusa Walker, 1856 (with “Echinomyia stolida Wlk., 1858” in
synonymy).
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Tachina obtusa Walker, 1856, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Microtropesa Macquart, 1846 [teste Cantrell & Crosskey (1989: 761)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
566. Giebelia Townsend, 1921a: 133.†
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Giebelia ignota Townsend, 1921.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Giebelia ignota Townsend, 1921, by monotypy.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Preoccupied by Kellogg, 1896; senior (but invalid) synonym of Agiebelia Townsend, 1933
[teste Evenhuis (1994: 463)].
F
AMILY
: OESTRIDAE.
567. Gigantachinosoma Townsend, 1932b: 106.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Gigantachinosoma giganteum Townsend, 1932.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Gigantachinosoma giganteum Townsend, 1932, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Jurinella Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889 [teste Guimarães (1971: 56)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
568. Gigantoepalpus Townsend, 1931e: 443.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Gigantoepalpus heros Townsend, 1931.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Gigantoepalpus heros Townsend, 1931, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 67)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
569. Gigantotheca Townsend, 1917i: 192.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Gigantotheca galapagensis Townsend, 1917.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Gigantotheca galapagensis Townsend, 1917 [= Sarcophaga violenta Walker, 1849], by original
designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid subgenus of Blaesoxipha Loew, 1861 [teste Pape (1996: 199)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Originally proposed as a full genus.
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133
CHARLES HENRY TYLER TOWNSEND
570. Ginglymia Townsend, 1892n: 118 [1892o: 138].
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Ginglymia acrirostris Townsend, 1892.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Ginglymia acrirostris Townsend, 1892, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 262)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Ginglymia was made available in two papers issued simultaneously in the June issue of the
Transactions of the American Entomological Society. Although page precedence is not regulated in the
ICZN Code, most workers give the original citation for this nominal genus as dating from the full
description of it in Townsend (1892n: 118) rather than from Townsend (1892o: 138), in which characters
to differentiate it are given in the key to genera. O’Hara & Wood (2004: 262) indicated that the spellings
“Ginglymyia” and “Ginglimyia” were emendations but unfortunately did not give data on authorship or the
works in which these emendations were published.
571. Girschneria Townsend, 1919a: 181.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Girschneria mirabilis Townsend, 1919.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Girschneria mirabilis Townsend, 1919, by monotypy.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Carcelia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste Herting & Dely-Draskovits
(1993: 213)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Herting & Dely-Draskovits (1993: 213) gave the type species and method of fixation for this nominal
genus as Girschneria mirabilis Townsend, 1919, by original designation, but this is incorrect. The
statement by Townsend (1919a: 181) of “Girschneria mirabilis, new genus and species” does not
constitute an original designation. The ICZN Code Article 68.2.1 allows such a phraseology to be an
original designation only if it is applied to one of two or more originally included species. In the case of
Girschneria Townsend, 1919, there is only one included species, thus the type fixation for Girschneria
Townsend, 1919 is Girschneria mirabilis Townsend, 1919, by monotypy
572. Glaucosarcophaga Townsend, 1917d: 45.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Glaucosarcophaga knabi Townsend, 1917 [with “Sarcophaga villipes Aldrich,
op. cit., 178–9 (nec Wulp, 1895, Biologia C.-A., Dipt. II, 269” in synonymy)].
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Glaucosarcophaga knabi Townsend, 1917 [= Sarcophaga albicans Wiedemann, 1830], by original
designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Tripanurga Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891 [teste Pape (1996: 436)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
[Goedartia] Townsend, 1938g: 244.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Incorrect spelling of Gaedartia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863 or subsequent usage of Goedartia
Bezzi & Stein, 1907.
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: The earliest mention of the nominal genus Gaedartia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863 using the spelling
“Goedartia” that we have found is Goedartia Bezzi & Stein (1907: 318), as an unjustified emendation
[teste Evenhuis et al. (2010: 82)].
573. Goliathocera Townsend, 1915a: 21.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Clausicella antennalis Coquillett, 1895.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Clausicella antennalis Coquillett, 1895, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Phytomyptera Rondani, 1844 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 252)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
EVENHUIS ET AL.
134
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574. Gonanamastax Townsend, 1933a: 472.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Blepharipa goniaeformis Macquart, 1846.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Blepharipa goniaeformis Macquart, 1846, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Tritaxys Macquart, 1847 [teste Cantrell & Crosskey (1989: 780)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
575. Goniochaeta Townsend, 1891m: 351.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Goniochaeta plagioides Townsend, 1891.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Goniochaeta plagioides Townsend, 1891, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 57)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
576. Goniocnephalia Townsend, 1915u: 222.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Goniocnephalia melanica Townsend, 1915.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Goniocnephalia melanica Townsend, 1915, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Onychogonia Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004:
191)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
577. Goniogramma Townsend, 1931d: 316.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Goniogramma herbsti Townsend, 1931.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Goniogramma herbsti Townsend, 1931 [= Opsidia intonsa Aldrich, 1928], by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Opsidia Coquillett, 1895 [teste Pape (1996: 121)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
578. Goniomima Townsend, 1908a: 105.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Belvosia luteola Coquillett, 1900.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Belvosia luteola Coquillett, 1900, by monotypy.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Belvosia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 160)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
579. Goniophyto Townsend, 1927d: 281.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Goniophyto formosensis Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Goniophyto formosensis Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Pape (1996: 164)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
580. Graphomuscina Townsend, 1918d: 152.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Graphomuscina africana Townsend, 1918.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Graphomuscina africana Townsend, 1918 [= Musca eustolia Walker, 1858], by original
designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Graphomya Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste Pont (1980a: 745)].
F
AMILY
: MUSCIDAE.
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135
CHARLES HENRY TYLER TOWNSEND
[Graphomyia] Townsend, 1892v: 282 [1892y: 32; 1908a: 49; 1911b: 169].
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Incorrect subsequent spelling of Graphomya Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 or subsequent usage of
Graphomyia Macquart, 1834.
F
AMILY
: MUSCIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: The earliest mention of the nominal genus Graphomya Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 that we have found in
this study using the spelling “Graphomyia” is Graphomyia Macquart (1834a: 134) as an unjustified
emendation, n. syn.
[Graphoymia] Townsend, 1914g: 163.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Incorrect subsequent spelling of Graphomya Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830.
F
AMILY
: MUSCIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Criteria to make this name available as an emendation were not found to be fulfilled in this work.
581. Guerinioestrus Townsend, 1931d: 318.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Cephenemyia grandis Guérin-Méneville, 1844.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Cephenemyia grandis Guérin-Méneville, 1844, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Rogenhofera Brauer, 1863 [teste Papavero & Guimarães (2009: 8)].
F
AMILY
: OESTRIDAE.
582. Gymnamedoria Townsend, 1927d: 283.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Gymnamedoria medinoides Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Gymnamedoria medinoides Townsend, 1927 [= Succingulum transvittatum Pandellé, 1896], by
original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Trigonospila Pokorny, 1886 [teste O’Hara et al. (2009: 55)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
583. Gymnaporia Townsend, 1919a: 170.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Gymnostylia fasciata Macquart, 1848.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Gymnostylia fasciata Macquart, 1848, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Uramya Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste Guimarães (1980: 193)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
584. Gymnocamptops Townsend, 1927a: 222.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Gymnocamptops grisescens Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Gymnocamptops grisescens Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid subgenus of Lepidodexia Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891 [teste Pape (1996: 233)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
REMARKS: Originally proposed as a full genus.
585. Gymnocarcelia Townsend, 1919b: 592.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Gymnocarcelia ricinorum Townsend, 1919 (with “Sturmia albifrons Coquillett
1897” in synonymy).
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Gymnocarcelia ricinorum Townsend, 1919, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Carcelia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 116)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
EVENHUIS ET AL.
136
·
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[Gymnochaeta] Townsend, 1892o: 137 [1911b: 161].
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Incorrect subsequent spelling of Gymnocheta Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 or subsequent usage of
Gymnochaeta Macquart, 1835.
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: The earliest mention of the nominal genus Gymnocheta Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 we have found using
the spelling “Gymnochaeta” is Gymnochaeta Macquart (1835: 149), as an unjustified emendation [teste
Evenhuis et al. (2010b: 84)].
586. Gymnochaetopsis Townsend, 1914a: 15.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Gymnochaetopsis analis Townsend, 1914.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Gymnochaetopsis analis Townsend, 1914, by original designation (but see R
EMARKS
below).
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 82)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Guimarães (1971: 82) gave the method of type fixation for Gymnochaetopsis Townsend, 1914 as
Gymnochaetopsis analis Townsend, 1914, by original designation. The fact that the designated type
species in Townsend (1914a: 15), Gymnochaetopsis analis Townsend, appears to be a nomen nudum there
(only the name is listed) and was not described until a subsequent installment of the series (i.e., Townsend,
1914d: 29) would appear to make the fixation as by subsequent monotypy. However, ICZN Code Article
12.2.6 allows the availability of both the genus-group name and the species-group name in Townsend
(1914a: 15), thus both names are available from Townsend (1914a: 15) and the method of fixation is
indeed original designation.
587. Gymnodoria Townsend, 1927a: 260.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Gymnodoria capitata Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Gymnodoria capitata Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Myiopharus Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889 [teste Wood (1985: 61)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
588. Gymnoerycia Townsend, 1916m: 312.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Gymnoerycia rubra Townsend, 1916.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Gymnoerycia rubra Townsend, 1916, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Lespesia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 123)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
589. Gymnogaster Townsend, 1926a: 25.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Gymnophania montana Coquillett, 1897.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Gymnophania montana Coquillett, 1897, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Preoccupied by Gronovius, 1763; junior synonym of Freraea Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste
O’Hara & Wood (2004: 44)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
590. Gymnommopsis Townsend, 1927a: 255.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Gymnommopsis gagatea Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Gymnommopsis gagatea Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 78)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
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137
CHARLES HENRY TYLER TOWNSEND
R
EMARKS
: There are two original spellings of the nominal type species of Gymnommopsis in Townsend (1927a):
gagates (page 255) and gagatea (page 312). Townsend (1927a: second unnumbered page of errata)
corrected the spelling.
591. Gymnopalpus Townsend, 1919a: 172.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Gymnopalpus setipennis Townsend, 1919.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Gymnopalpus setipennis Townsend, 1919, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid subgenus of Spathidexia Townsend, 1912 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 48)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Originally proposed as a full genus.
592. Gymnoprosopa Townsend, 1892n: 108 [1892o: 136].
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Gymnoprosopa argentifrons Townsend, 1892; Gymnoprosopa polita Townsend,
1892; Gymnoprosopa clarifrons Townsend, 1892.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Gymnoprosopa polita Townsend, 1892, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Pape (1996: 89)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Gymnoprosopa was made available in two papers issued simultaneously in the June issue of the
Transactions of the American Entomological Society. Although page precedence is not regulated in the
ICZN Code, most workers give the original citation for this nominal genus as dating from the full
description of it in Townsend (1892n: 108) rather than from Townsend (1892o: 136), in which characters
to differentiate it are given in the key to genera.
593. Gymnopsoa Townsend, 1919a: 161.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Gymnopsoa texana Townsend, 1919.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Gymnopsoa texana Townsend, 1919, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Microcerella Macquart, 1851 [teste Pape (1996: 251)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
594. Gymnosturmia Townsend, 1927a: 248.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Gymnosturmia grisea Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Gymnosturmia grisea Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Topomeigenia Townsend, 1919 [teste Guimarães (1971: 193)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
[Gymnozega] Townsend, 1891b: 100.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Incorrect subsequent spelling of Gymnopeza Zetterstedt, 1842.
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Criteria to make this name available as an emendation were not found to be fulfilled in this work.
595. Gyrovaga Townsend, 1933a: 473.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Tachina vicina Zetterstedt, 1849.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Tachina vicina Zetterstedt, 1849, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Preoccupied by Gistel, 1848; junior synonym of Drino Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste Herting
& Dely-Draskovits (1993: 207)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
EVENHUIS ET AL.
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596. Haemorrhoestrus Townsend, 1934f: 406.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Oestrus haemorrhoidalis Linnaeus, 1758.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Oestrus haemorrhoidalis Linnaeus, 1758, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Gasterophilus Leach, 1817 [teste Guimarães (1967a: 1)].
F
AMILY
: OESTRIDAE.
[Halidaya] Townsend, 1908a: 6 [1926d: 15; 1932a: 34].
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Incorrect subsequent spelling of Halydaia Egger, 1856 or subsequent usage of Halidaya
Gerstaecker, 1857.
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Criteria to make this name available as an emendation were not found to be fulfilled in this work. The
earliest mention of the nominal genus Halydaia Egger, 1856 that we have found in this study using the
spelling “Halidaya” is Halidaya Gerstaecker (1857: 421), as an unjustified emendation.
597. Halidayopsis Townsend, 1927d: 282.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Halidayopsis formosensis Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Halidayopsis formosensis Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Prosheliomyia Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891 [teste O’Hara et al. (2009:
42)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
598. Harrisiopsis Townsend, 1927a: 247.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Harrisiopsis spinosa Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Harrisiopsis spinosa Townsend, 1927 [= Tachina leucophrys Wiedemann, 1830], by original
designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Leschenaultia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste Toma & Guimarães (2002:
35)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
599. Hecatoepalpus Townsend, 1933a: 467.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Micropalpus prohecate Speiser, 1910.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Micropalpus prohecate Speiser, 1910, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Linnaemya Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste Crosskey (1980: 846)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: An interesting orthographical note on this nominal genus: The original spelling of the genus-group
name (both in the description and in the journal index) is with a dipthong “œ” as Hecatœpalpus, while the
derivation of the name (although not indicated) is almost assuredly Hecato- epalpus and not Hecatœ-
palpus.
600. Helicobiopsis Townsend, 1927a: 230.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Helicobiopsis aurescens Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Helicobiopsis aurescens Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Helicobia Coquillett, 1895 [teste Pape (1996: 225)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
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139
CHARLES HENRY TYLER TOWNSEND
601. Heliolydella Townsend, 1927a: 277.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Heliolydella aurata Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Heliolydella aurata Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Eucelatoria Townsend, 1909 [teste Wood (1985: 40)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
602. Heliolydella Townsend, 1934c: 210.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Heliolydella homoeonychioides Townsend, 1934.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Heliolydella homoeonychioides Townsend, 1934, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Preoccupied by Townsend, 1927; junior synonym of Exoristoides Coquillett, 1897 [teste
O’Hara (2002: 86)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
603. Heliolydellops Townsend, 1934f: 405.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Heliolydella homoeonychioides Townsend, 1934.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Heliolydella homoeonychioides Townsend, 1934, automatic [by designation of the same species (by
original designation) for Heliolydella Townsend, 1934].
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: New replacement name for Heliolydella Townsend, 1934; junior synonym of Exoristoides
Coquillett, 1897 [teste O’Hara (2002: 86)]
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
604. Helioplagia Townsend, 1934c: 211.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Helioplagia amazonica Townsend, 1934.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Helioplagia amazonica Townsend, 1934, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Chrysotachina Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889 [teste O’Hara (2002: 86)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
605. Helioprosopa Townsend, 1927a: 239.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Helioprosopa facialis Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Helioprosopa facialis Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 78)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
606. Hemiargyra Townsend, 1908a: 88.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Hemiargyra nigra Townsend, 1908.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Hemiargyra nigra Townsend, 1908, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Myiopharus Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889 [teste Guimarães (1971: 141)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
607. Hemiargyrophylax Townsend, 1927a: 265.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Hemiargyrophylax punctilucis Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Hemiargyrophylax punctilucis Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Myiopharus Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889 [teste Wood (1985: 61)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
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608. Hemiargyropsis Townsend, 1927a: 260.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Hemiargyropsis frontalis Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Hemiargyropsis frontalis Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Myiopharus Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889 [teste Wood (1985: 61)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
609. Hemilydella Townsend, 1927a: 278.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Hemilydella fasciata Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Hemilydella fasciata Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Eucelatoria Townsend, 1909 [teste Wood (1985: 49)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
610. Hemimasipoda Townsend, 1927a: 267.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Hemimasipoda brasiliensis Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Hemimasipoda brasiliensis Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Winthemia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste Guimarães (1971: 196)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
611. Hemipyrellia Townsend, 1918d: 154.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Hemipyrellia curriei Townsend, 1918.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Hemipyrellia curriei Townsend, 1918 [= Lucilia fernandica Macquart, 1855], by original
designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Crosskey (1980: 793)].
F
AMILY
: CALLIPHORIDAE.
612. Hemisturmia Townsend, 1927a: 262.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Hemisturmia carcelioides Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Hemisturmia carcelioides Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 203)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: There are two original spellings of this nominal genus in Townsend (1927a): Humisturmia (page 262)
and Hemisturmia (page 316). Townsend (1927a: second unnumbered page of errata) corrected the
spelling.
613. Hesperodinera Townsend, 1919b: 551.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Hesperodinera cinerea Townsend, 1919.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Hesperodinera cinerea Townsend, 1919, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Estheria Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 26)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
614. Hesperophasia Townsend, 1915u: 220.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Hesperophasia setosa Townsend, 1915.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Hesperophasia setosa Townsend, 1915, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid subgenus of Kirbya Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 59)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Originally proposed as a full genus.
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CHARLES HENRY TYLER TOWNSEND
615. Hesperophasiopsis Townsend, 1915u: 221.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Hesperophasiopsis californica Townsend, 1915.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Hesperophasiopsis californica Townsend, 1915, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid subgenus of Kirbya Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 59)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Originally proposed as a full genus.
616. Heyneophasia Townsend, 1934c: 208.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Heyneophasia heynei Townsend, 1934.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Heyneophasia heynei Townsend, 1934, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Phasia Latreille, 1804 [teste Sun & Marshall (2003: 19)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
617. Himantostomopsis Townsend, 1921a: 133.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Himantostoma hungarica Thalhammer, 1897.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Himantostoma hungarica Thalhammer, 1897, by monotypy.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Diplopota Bezzi, 1918 [teste Herting & Dely-Draskovits (1993: 416)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Herting (1984) and Herting & Dely-Draskovits (1993: 416) gave the method of type fixation for
Himantostomopsis Townsend, 1921 as by original designation, but this is incorrect. Townsend (1921a:
133) stated “Proposed for Himantostoma hungarica Thalhammer (1897)”, which is not an explicit
designation of that species as the type [see Evenhuis & Thompson (1990); Sabrosky (1999) for more
details]. Thus, because there is only one included species, the type fixation for Himantostomopsis is
Himantostoma hungarica Thalhammer, 1897, by monotypy.
618. Hinea Townsend, 1916b: 629.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Nemoraea setigera Coquillett, 1902.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Nemoraea setigera Coquillett, 1902, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Preoccupied by Gray, 1847; Adams, 1905; senior (but invalid) synonym of Hineomyia
Townsend, 1916 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 240)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
619. Hineomyia Townsend, 1916e: 12.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Nemoraea setigera Coquillett, 1902, automatic [by designation of same species (by original
designation) for Hinea Townsend, 1916].
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: New replacement name for Hinea Townsend, 1916; valid genus [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004:
240)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
620. Hippoestrus Townsend, 1933a: 447.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Rhinoestrus hippopotami Grünberg, 1904.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Rhinoestrus hippopotami Grünberg, 1904, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Rhinoestrus Brauer, 1886 [teste Pont (1980e: 887)].
F
AMILY
: OESTRIDAE.
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621. Homalactia Townsend, 1915a: 21.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Exoristoides harringtoni Coquillett, 1902.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Exoristoides harringtoni Coquillett, 1902, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 289)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
622. Homohexamera Townsend, 1934e: 247.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Protohystricia huttoni Malloch, 1930.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Protohystricia huttoni Malloch, 1930, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Protohystricia Malloch, 1929 [teste Cantrell & Crosskey (1989: 754)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
623. Homohypochaeta Townsend, 1927a: 255.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Homohypochaeta reclinata Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Homohypochaeta reclinata Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 89)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
624. Homosaundersia Townsend, 1931e: 439.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Saundersia rufa Schiner, 1868.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Saundersia rufa Schiner, 1868, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 67)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
625. Homosaundersiops Townsend, 1931e: 446.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Homosaundersiops haenschi Townsend, 1931.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Homosaundersiops haenschi Townsend, 1931, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 67)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
626. Homotrixodes Townsend, 1926b: 529.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Eupododexia diaphana Villeneuve, 1915.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Eupododexia diaphana Villeneuve, 1915, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Eupododexia Villeneuve, 1915 [teste Crosskey (1980: 833)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
[Huascaraya] Townsend, 1914a: 11.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Unavailable name; no differentiating characters or included species; treated under Trichophora
Macquart, 1847 [teste this work].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: This nominal genus was listed in the narrative in Townsend (1914a: 11) without criteria to make it
available there. It was fully described in a subsequent installment of this series of papers (Townsend,
1914f: 82).
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CHARLES HENRY TYLER TOWNSEND
627. Huascaraya Townsend, 1914f: 82.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Huascaraya tegulata Townsend, 1914.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Huascaraya tegulata Townsend, 1914, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Trichophora Macquart, 1847 [teste Guimarães (1971: 72)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
628. Huascarayopsis Townsend, 1927a: 254.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Huascarayopsis paulensis Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Huascarayopsis paulensis Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 67)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
629. Huascarodexia Townsend, 1919a: 176.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Huascarodexia pulchra Townsend, 1919.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Huascarodexia pulchra Townsend, 1919, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 101)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
630. Huascaromusca Townsend, 1918d: 155.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Huascaromusca cruciata Townsend, 1918.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Huascaromusca cruciata Townsend, 1918 [= Calliphora xanthorrhina Bigot, 1888], by original
designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste James (1970: 3)].
F
AMILY
: CALLIPHORIDAE.
[Huebneria] Townsend, 1912a: 49.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Incorrect subsequent spelling of Hubneria Robineau-Desvoidy, 1848 or subsequent usage of
Huebneria Marschall, 1873.
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: The earliest mention of the nominal genus Hubneria Robineau-Desvoidy, 1847 using the spelling
“Huebneria” is Huebneria Marschall (1873: 334; as “Hübneria”), as an unjustified emendation [teste
Evenhuis et al. (2010b: 90)].
[Humisturmia] Townsend, 1927a: 263.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Incorrect original spelling of Hemisturmia Townsend, 1927 [teste Townsend (1927a: second
unnumbered page of errata)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
[Hyalomyia] Townsend, 1891c: 135 [1891m: 381; 1892y: 4; 1895d: 65; 1908a: 37; 1912a: 45].
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Incorrect subsequent spelling of Hyalomya Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 or subsequent usage of
Hyalomyia Macquart, 1834.
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: The earliest mention of the nominal genus Hyalomya Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 using the spelling
“Hyalomyia” is Hyalomyia Macquart (1834a: 207), as an unjustified emendation
EVENHUIS ET AL.
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631. Hyalomyodes Townsend, 1893b: 429.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Hyalomyodes weedii Townsend, 1893.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Hyalomyodes weedii Townsend, 1893 [= Hyalomyia triangulifera Loew, 1863], by monotypy.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Strongygaster Macquart, 1834 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 305)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
[Hylemyia] Townsend, 1892x: 291 [1892y: 37; 1914g: 165].
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Incorrect subsequent spelling of Hylemya Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 or subsequent usage of
Hylemyia Macquart, 1835.
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: The earliest mention of the nominal genus Hylemya Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 using the spelling
“Hylemyia” is Hylemyia Macquart (1835: 315, 682), as an unjustified emendation.
632. Hylotomomyia Townsend, 1916e: 31.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Admontia hylotomae Coquillett, 1898.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Admontia hylotomae Coquillett, 1898, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Vibrissina Rondani, 1861 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 109)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
633. Hypenomyia Townsend, 1919b: 545.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Hypenomyia petiolata Townsend, 1919.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Hypenomyia petiolata Townsend, 1919, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Preoccupied by Grimshaw, 1901; junior synonym of Microchaetina Wulp, 1891 [teste O’Hara
& Wood (2004: 27)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Arnaud (1952) proposed the new replacement name Reinhardiana for the preoccupied Hypenomyia
Townsend, but this has since proven unnecessary as Microchaetina Wulp, 1891 is an older available
synonymous name.
634. Hypertrophocera Townsend, 1891m: 360.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Hypertrophocera parvipes Townsend, 1891.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Hypertrophocera parvipes Townsend, 1891, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 335)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
635. Hypertrophomma Townsend, 1915r: 99.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Hypertrophomma opaca Townsend, 1915 (with “Hypostena opaca Coq.” in
synonymy).
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Hypertrophomma opaca Townsend, 1915, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 163)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
636. Hyphantrophaga Townsend, 1892f: 247.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Meigenia hyphantriae Townsend, 1891.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Meigenia hyphantriae Townsend, 1891, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 184)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
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CHARLES HENRY TYLER TOWNSEND
637. Hypochaetopsis Townsend, 1915n: 422.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Hypochaetopsis chaetosa Townsend, 1915.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Hypochaetopsis chaetosa Townsend, 1915, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 89)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
638. Hypodermodes Townsend, 1912a: 46.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Musca mystacea Linnaeus, 1758.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Musca mystacea Linnaeus, 1758, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Mesembrina Meigen, 1826 [teste Pont (1986: 84)].
F
AMILY
: MUSCIDAE.
639. Hypodoria Townsend, 1927a: 274.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Hypodoria orbitalis Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Hypodoria orbitalis Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 135)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
640. Hypohoughia Townsend, 1927a: 255.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Hypohoughia reclinata Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Hypohoughia reclinata Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 136)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
641. Hypomyothyria Townsend, 1927a: 276.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Hypomyothyria hypodermica Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Hypomyothyria hypodermica Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Eucelatoria Townsend, 1909 [teste Wood (1985: 40)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
642. Hypophorinia Townsend, 1927a: 279.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Hypophorinia hyphena Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Hypophorinia hyphena Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Argyrodoria Townsend, 1927 [teste Guimarães (1971: 126)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
643. Hypophylax Townsend, 1935c: 232.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Hypophylax prospheryx Townsend, 1935.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Hypophylax prospheryx Townsend, 1935, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Preoccupied by Fairmaire, 1905; junior synonym of Vibrissina Rondani, 1861 [teste Wood
(1985: 87)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
644. Hypoproxynops Townsend, 1927a: 279.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Hypoproxynops rufiventris Townsend, 1927.
EVENHUIS ET AL.
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T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Hypoproxynops rufiventris Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 136)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
645. Hypopygiopsis Townsend, 1916m: 300.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Hypopygiopsis splendens Townsend, 1916.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Hypopygiopsis splendens Townsend, 1916 [= Musca fumipennis Walker, 1856], by original
designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste James (1977: 533)].
F
AMILY
: CALLIPHORIDAE.
646. Hystriciella Townsend, 1915q: 95.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Hystriciella aurifrons Townsend, 1915.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Hystriciella aurifrons Townsend, 1915 [= Musca pilosa Drury, 1773], by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 55)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
[Hystriciopsis] Townsend, 1914a: 11.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Unavailable name; no differentiating characters or included species; treated under Hystriciopsis
Townsend, 1914 [teste this work].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: This nominal genus was listed in the narrative in Townsend (1914a: 11) without criteria to make it
available there. It was fully described in a subsequent installment of this series of papers (Townsend,
1914f: 85).
647. Hystriciopsis Townsend, 1914f: 85.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Hystriciopsis obscura Townsend, 1914.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Hystriciopsis obscura Townsend, 1914, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Hystricia Macquart, 1844 [teste O’Hara (2002: 97)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
648. Hystricocnema Townsend, 1919a: 160.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Sarcophaga robusta Aldrich, 1916.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Sarcophaga robusta Aldrich, 1916 [= Sarcophaga plinthopyga Wiedemann, 1830], by original
designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Gigantotheca Townsend, 1917 (subgenus of Blaesoxipha Loew, 1861)
[teste Pape (1996: 199)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Originally proposed as a full genus.
649. Hystricovoria Townsend, 1928a: 395.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Hystricovoria bakeri Townsend, 1928.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Hystricovoria bakeri Townsend, 1928, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste O’Hara et al. (2009: 39)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
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CHARLES HENRY TYLER TOWNSEND
[Hystrisiphona] Townsend, 1915b: 22.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Incorrect subsequent spelling of Hystrisyphona Bigot, 1859 or subsequent usage of
Hystrisiphona of Bigot (1883).
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: The earliest mention of the nominal genus Hystrisyphona Bigot, 1859 we have found using the spelling
“Hystrisiphona” is by Bigot (1883: 61), as an incorrect subsequent spelling [teste Evenhuis & Pont (2004:
31)].
650. Ichneumonops Townsend, 1908a: 82.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Ichneumonops mirabilis Townsend, 1908.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Ichneumonops mirabilis Townsend, 1908, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid subgenus of Cylindromyia Meigen, 1803 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 217)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Originally proposed as a full genus.
651. Iconofrontina Townsend, 1931d: 330.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Iconofrontina minthoidea Townsend, 1931.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Iconofrontina minthoidea Townsend, 1931, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 208)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
652. Iconomedina Townsend, 1916b: 626.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Degeeria washingtonae Coquillett, 1895.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Degeeria washingtonae Coquillett, 1895, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Admontia Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 74)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
653. Ictericodexia Townsend, 1934f: 391.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Ictericodexia aristata Townsend, 1934.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Ictericodexia aristata Townsend, 1934, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 106)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
654. Ictericophyto Townsend, 1916b: 626.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Eulasiona spinosa Coquillett, 1897.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Eulasiona spinosa Coquillett, 1897
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Blepharomyia Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004:
52)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
655. Idielliopsis Townsend, 1917h: 190.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Idielliopsis similis Townsend, 1917.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Idielliopsis similis Townsend, 1917 [= Idia xanthogaster Wiedemann, 1820], by original
designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste James (1977: 546)].
F
AMILY
: RHINIIDAE.
EVENHUIS ET AL.
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656. Imitomyia Townsend, 1912a: 49.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Himantostoma sugens Loew, 1863.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Himantostoma sugens Loew, 1863, automatic [by designation of the same species (by monotypy)
for Himantostoma Loew, 1863].
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: New replacement name for Himantostoma Loew, 1863; valid genus [teste O’Hara & Wood
(2004: 44)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
657. Incamyia Townsend, 1912d: 164 [1912f: 317].
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: None.
F
IRST
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Incamyia cuzcensis Townsend, 1912 (in Townsend, 1912f).
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Incamyia cuzcensis Townsend, 1912, by subsequent monotypy (Townsend, 1912f: 317).
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 136)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Guimarães (1971: 136) gave the method of type fixation for this genus as by original designation in
Townsend (1912f: 317), but this is incorrect. Incamyia was fully described in Townsend (1912f: 317) and
the type species was designated there as Incamyia cuzcensis Townsend, 1912. However, in an earlier
publication (Townsend, 1912d: 164) the name is made available by giving characters to differentiate it
from Doryphorophaga Townsend, 1912, but no species were included. Thus, the type species is Incamyia
cuzcensis Townsend, 1912 by subsequent monotypy in Townsend (1912f).
658. Incamyiopsis Townsend, 1919b: 587.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Incamyiopsis imitatrix Townsend, 1919.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Incamyiopsis imitatrix Townsend, 1919, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 137)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
659. Indosturmia Townsend, 1932a: 49.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Crossocosmia indica Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1893.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Crossocosmia indica Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1893 [= Tachina zebrina Walker, 1849], by original
designation
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Blepharipa Rondani, 1856 [teste Crosskey (1977b: 673)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
660. Innshanotroxis Townsend, 1933a: 466.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Innshanotroxis engeli Townsend, 1933.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Innshanotroxis engeli Townsend, 1933 [= Hystriomyia nigrosetosa Zimin, 1931], by original
designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Hystriomyia Portschinsky, 1881 [teste O’Hara et al. (2009: 158)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
661. Irengia Townsend, 1935c: 217.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Irengia guianensis Townsend, 1935.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Irengia guianensis Townsend, 1935, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 23)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
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CHARLES HENRY TYLER TOWNSEND
662. Ischyrophaga Townsend, 1915b: 23.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Thelairodes ischyri Coquillett, 1905.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Thelairodes ischyri Coquillett, 1905, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 106)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
663. Isoprosopaea Townsend, 1943a: 336.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Prosopaea sororcula Villeneuve, 1938.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Prosopaea sororcula Villeneuve, 1938, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Chaetexorista Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1894 [teste Evenhuis et al. (2008:
17)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Villeneuve (1938) proposed Isoprosopaea as a subgenus of Prosopaea Rondani, 1861 and included two
available species, but failed to designate a type species. Genus-group names proposed after 1930 without a
type-species designation are unavailable. Townsend (1943a: 336) was the first to make Isoprosopaea
available by bibliographic reference to the original description and designating Prosopaea sororcula
Villeneuve, 1938 as type species. Thus, Isoprosopaea takes its authorship and date of publication from
Townsend (1943a). Evenhuis et al. (2008: 17) followed Crosskey (1980: 859) in treating Isoprosopaea as
a junior synonym of Chaetexorista Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1894.
664. Isosturmia Townsend, 1927h: 67.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Isosturmia inversa Townsend, 1927; Isosturmia intermedia Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Isosturmia inversa Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste O’Hara et al. (2009: 71)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
665. Itabiomyia Townsend, 1927a: 280.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Itabiomyia fulvescens Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Itabiomyia fulvescens Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Lixophaga Townsend, 1908 [teste Wood (1985: 52)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
666. Itacnephalia Townsend, 1927a: 236.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Itacnephalia analis Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Itacnephalia analis Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 176)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
667. Itacuphocera Townsend, 1927a: 238.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Itacuphocera ocellaris Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Itacuphocera ocellaris Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 78)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
668. Italispidea Townsend, 1927a: 268.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Italispidea antennalis Townsend, 1927.
EVENHUIS ET AL.
150
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T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Italispidea antennalis Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 137)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
669. Italydella Townsend, 1927a: 278.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Italydella geminata Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Italydella geminata Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 137)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
670. Itamintho Townsend, 1931d: 329.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Itamintho erro Townsend, 1931.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Itamintho erro Townsend, 1931, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 96)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
671. Itamobia Townsend, 1927a: 224.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Itamobia ornata Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Itamobia ornata Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Macronychia Rondani, 1859 [teste Pape (1996: 94)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
672. Itaplectops Townsend, 1927a: 265.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Itaplectops antennalis Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Itaplectops antennalis Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 137)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Guimarães (1971: 287) misspelled this nominal genus in his index as “Itaplectopsis” but it was listed
with correct orthography in the catalog proper.
673. Itasaundersia Townsend, 1927a: 254.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Itasaundersia robusta Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Itasaundersia robusta Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 67)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
674. Itasturmia Townsend, 1927a: 276.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Itasturmia intermedia Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Itasturmia intermedia Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 189)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
675. Itavoria Townsend, 1931e: 474.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Itavoria aurescens Townsend. 1931.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Itavoria aurescens Townsend. 1931, by original designation.
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151
CHARLES HENRY TYLER TOWNSEND
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 91)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
676. Itaxanthomelana Townsend, 1927a: 214.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Itaxanthomelana grandis Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Itaxanthomelana grandis Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 8)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
677. Iteuthelaira Townsend, 1927a: 264.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Iteuthelaira intermedia Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Iteuthelaira intermedia Townsend, 1927 [= Musca esuriens Fabricius, 1805], by original
designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 156)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
678. Jaenimyia Townsend, 1912f: 350.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Jaenimyia albicincta Townsend, 1912; Jaenimyia punctata Townsend, 1912.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Jaenimyia albicincta Townsend, 1912, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Pterotopeza Townsend, 1908 [teste Toma & Guimarães (2000: 8)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
[Jamaicaria] Townsend, 1936c: 96 [1938e: 225].
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Incorrect subsequent spelling of Jamacaria Curran, 1928.
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Criteria to make this name available as an emendation were not found to be fulfilled in these works.
679. Jaynesleskia Townsend, 1934f: 395.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Leskiomima jaynesi Aldrich, 1924.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Leskiomima jaynesi Aldrich, 1924, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Genea Rondani, 1850 [teste O’Hara & Wood (1998: 755)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
680. Jesuimyia Townsend, 1926b: 541.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Tachina cruciata Wiedemann, 1830.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Tachina cruciata Wiedemann, 1830, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Nemorilla Rondani, 1856 [teste Crosskey (1980: 863)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
681. Jicaltepecia Townsend, 1917d: 49.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Jicaltepecia rafaela Townsend, 1917.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Jicaltepecia rafaela Townsend, 1917, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Spathimeigenia Townsend, 1915 [teste Guimarães (1971: 148)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
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682. Juquianicia Townsend, 1934b: 112.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Juquianicia juquiana Townsend, 1934.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Juquianicia juquiana Townsend, 1934, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Metopia Meigen, 1803 [teste Pape (1996: 97)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
683. Juriniopsis Townsend, 1916k: 73.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Juriniopsis floridensis Townsend, 1916 (with “Musca hystrix Williston (nec
Fabricius) p.p., 1886” in synonymy).
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Juriniopsis floridensis Townsend, 1916, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 315)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
684. Juriniosoma Townsend, 1927a: 255.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Juriniosoma gagateum Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Juriniosoma gagateum Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 68)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
685. Jurinodexia Townsend, 1915b: 22.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Hystrisiphona bicolor Giglio-Tos, 1893.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Hystrisiphona bicolor Giglio-Tos, 1893, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 30)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
686. Kellymyia Townsend, 1917i: 191.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Sarcophaga kellyi Aldrich, 1914.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Sarcophaga kellyi Aldrich, 1914, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid subgenus of Blaesoxipha Loew, 1861 [teste Pape (1996: 202)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Originally proposed as a full genus.
687. Knabia Townsend, 1915k: 286.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Knabia hirsuta Townsend, 1915.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Knabia hirsuta Townsend, 1915 [= Gonia frontosa Say, 1829], by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Gonia Meigen, 1803 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 178)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
688. Kurintjimyia Townsend, 1926d: 38.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Kurintjimyia jacobsoni Townsend, 1926.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Kurintjimyia jacobsoni Townsend, 1926, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Tachina Meigen, 1803. New synonymy.
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Crosskey (1977b: 637) placed Kurintjimyia Townsend, 1926 as a junior synonym of Servillia
Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830. Servillia has subsequently been treated as a valid subgenus of Tachina Meigen,
1803 (e.g., Herting, 1984: 86) or as a junior synonym of Tachina subgenus Tachina (e.g., O’Hara et al.,
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CHARLES HENRY TYLER TOWNSEND
2009: 175). We thus here treat Kurintjimyia Townsend, 1926 as a junior synonym of Tachina Meigen,
1803, n. syn.
689. Kuwanimyia Townsend, 1916m: 319.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Kuwanimyia conspersa Townsend, 1916.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Kuwanimyia conspersa Townsend, 1916, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste O’Hara et al. (2009: 110)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
[Labidigaster] Townsend, 1892o: 134, 137.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Incorrect spelling of Labigastera Macquart, 1834 or subsequent usage of Labidigaster
Macquart, 1844.
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: The earliest mention of the nominal genus Labigastera Macquart, 1834 we have found in this study
using the spelling “Labidigaster” is Labidigaster Macquart (1844: 46), as an unjustified emendation, n.
syn.
690. Laccoprosopa Townsend, 1891m: 365.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Laccoprosopa sarcophagina Townsend, 1891.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Laccoprosopa sarcophagina Townsend, 1891, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Brachicoma Rondani, 1856 [teste Pape (1996: 160)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
691. Lachnomma Townsend, 1892n: 103 [1892o: 137].
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Lachnomma magnicornis Townsend, 1892.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Lachnomma magnicornis Townsend, 1892 [= Atrophopoda singularis Townsend, 1891], by
original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Paradidyma Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004:
272)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Lachnomma was made available in two papers issued simultaneously in the June issue of the
Transactions of the American Entomological Society. Although page precedence is not regulated in the
ICZN Code, most workers give the original citation for this nominal genus as dating from the full
description of it in Townsend (1892n: 103) rather than from Townsend (1892o: 137), in which characters
to differentiate it are given in the key to genera.
692. Lachnommopsis Townsend, 1915n: 421.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Lachnommopsis armata Townsend, 1915.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Lachnommopsis armata Townsend, 1915, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Paradidyma Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891 [teste Guimarães (1971: 115).]
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
693. Larvaevoropsis Townsend, 1916f: 24.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Echinomyia dakotensis Coquillett, 1892; Larvaevoropsis orientalis Townsend,
1916 (with “Echinomyia florum Coquillett, 1897” in synonymy).
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Echinomyia dakotensis Coquillett, 1892, by original designation.
EVENHUIS ET AL.
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C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Nowickia Wachtl, 1894 (subgenus of Tachina Meigen, 1803) [teste O’Hara
& Wood (2004: 325)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Originally proposed as a full genus.
694. Latreillimyia Townsend, 1908a: 104.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Musca bifasciata Fabricius, 1775; Belvosia leucopgya Wulp, 1882.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Musca bifasciata Fabricius, 1775, automatic [by designation of the same species (by subsequent
designation of Coquillett, 1910: 558) for Latreillia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830].
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: New replacement name for Latreillia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830; junior synonym of Belvosia
Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 160)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
695. Leiosiopsis Townsend, 1927h: 62.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Leiosiopsis aristalis Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Leiosiopsis aristalis Townsend, 1927 [= Isosturmia intermedia Townsend, 1927], by original
designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Isosturmia Townsend, 1927 [teste Crosskey (1977b: 676)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
696. Leptidosophia Townsend, 1931d: 335.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Leptidosophia lutescens Townsend, 1931.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Leptidosophia lutescens Townsend, 1931, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 112)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
697. Leptodexia Townsend, 1919b: 550.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Leptodexia gracilis Townsend, 1919.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Leptodexia gracilis Townsend, 1919, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 30)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
698. Leptomacquartia Townsend, 1919b: 568.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Leptomacquartia planifrons Townsend, 1919.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Leptomacquartia planifrons Townsend, 1919, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 106)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
699. Leskiolydella Townsend, 1927a: 269.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Leskiolydella aurata Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Leskiolydella aurata Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 137)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
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CHARLES HENRY TYLER TOWNSEND
700. Leskiopalpus Townsend, 1916b: 629.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Leskiopalpus calidus Townsend, 1916.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Leskiopalpus calidus Townsend, 1916 [= Myiobia depilis Coquillett, 1895], by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Leskia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 263)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
701. Leskiopsis Townsend, 1916b: 627.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Myiobia thecata Coquillett, 1895 [with “Leskia analis Coquillett, Rev. Tach.,
1897, p. 67, part (not Dexia analis Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vol. 6, 1829, p. 177”) in synonymy].
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Myiobia thecata Coquillett, 1895, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 47)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
702. Leucoravinia Townsend, 1928b: 143.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Leucoravinia quadraticephala Townsend, 1928.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Leucoravinia quadraticephala Townsend, 1928 [= Tachina brevicornis Wiedemann, 1830], by
original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Tricharaea Thomson, 1869 [teste Pape (1996: 435)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
703. Lindigepalpus Townsend, 1931e: 444.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Hystricia testacea Macquart, 1846.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Hystricia testacea Macquart, 1846 [preoccupied by Hystricia testacea Macquart, 1844; =
Lindigepalpus townsendi Guimarães, 1971], by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 68)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
704. Lindigia Townsend, 1931d: 352.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Hystricia plagiata Schiner, 1868.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Hystricia plagiata Schiner, 1868, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Preoccupied by Karsten, 1858; Kriechbaumer, 1898; treated as a valid genus [teste Guimarães
(1971: 58)]; senior (but invalid) synonym of Oharamyia Evenhuis, Pont & Whitmore, n. name. New
synonymy.
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Curran (1947) was the last to work on species in this nominal genus, gave characters to separate it from
Jurinella Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889, and proposed three new species. Given the available taxonomic
work on the genus, we feel confident that it is currently taxonomically valid and here propose the new
replacement name Oharamyia Evenhuis, Pont & Whitmore, n. name for it.
705. Lipoptilocnema Townsend, 1934b: 111.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Lipoptilocnema lanei Townsend, 1934.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Lipoptilocnema lanei Townsend, 1934, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid subgenus of Sarcophaga Meigen, 1826 [teste Pape (1996: 342)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Originally proposed as a full genus.
EVENHUIS ET AL.
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·
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706. Lithexorista Townsend, 1921a: 133.†
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Lithexorista scudderi Townsend, 1921.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Lithexorista scudderi Townsend, 1921, by monotypy.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Evenhuis (1994: 466)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Evenhuis (1994: 466) gave the method of type fixation for Lithexorista as by original designation, but
this is incorrect. A check of the original work shows no evidence of an original designation and, since
there is only one included species, the type species is Lithexorista scudderi Townsend, 1921, by
monotypy.
707. Lithoglossina Townsend, 1938c: 166.†
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Glossina armatipes Cockerell, 1917.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Glossina armatipes Cockerell, 1917, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Glossina Wiedemann, 1830 [teste Evenhuis (1994: 462)].
F
AMILY
: GLOSSINIDAE.
708. Lithohypoderma Townsend, 1917b: 129.†
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Musca ascarides Scudder, 1877.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Musca ascarides Scudder, 1877, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Cuterebra Clark, 1815 [teste Evenhuis (1994: 464)].
F
AMILY
: OESTRIDAE.
709. Lithotachina Townsend, 1921a: 133.†
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Echinomyia antiqua Heer, 1849.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Echinomyia antiqua Heer, 1849, by monotypy.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Evenhuis (1994: 466)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
710. Lixophaga Townsend, 1908a: 86.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Lixophaga parva Townsend, 1908.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Lixophaga parva Townsend, 1908, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 92)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
711. Loewioestrus Townsend, 1918d: 152.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Cephalomyia variolosa Loew, 1863.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Cephalomyia variolosa Loew, 1863, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Oestrus Linnaeus, 1758 [teste Pont (1980e: 887)].
F
AMILY
: OESTRIDAE.
712. Lophosiocera Townsend, 1916b: 623.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Lophosiocera curriei Townsend, 1916 [with “Clausicella setigera Coquillett,
Rev. Tach., 1897, p. 56, part (not Lophosia setigera Thomson, Dipt. Eugenies Resa, 1868, p. 527”) in
synonymy].
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Lophosiocera curriei Townsend, 1916, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Phytomyptera Rondani, 1844 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 253)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
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157
CHARLES HENRY TYLER TOWNSEND
713. Lophosiocyptera Townsend, 1927h: 59.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Lophosiocyptera lophosioides Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Lophosiocyptera lophosioides Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Lophosia Meigen, 1824 [teste O’Hara et al. (2009: 128)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
714. Lophosiodes Townsend, 1927d: 285.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Lophosiodes scutellatus Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Lophosiodes scutellatus Townsend, 1927 [= Xenolophosia perpendicularis Villeneuve, 1927], by
original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Lophosia Meigen, 1824 [teste O’Hara et al. (2009: 128)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
715. Lophosiopsis Townsend, 1928a: 381.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Lophosiopsis costalis Townsend, 1928
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Lophosiopsis costalis Townsend, 1928, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Lophosia Meigen, 1824 [teste Crosskey (1977b: 595)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
716. Lydellactia Townsend, 1927a: 279.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Lydellactia clausa Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Lydellactia clausa Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Lixophaga Townsend, 1908 [teste Wood (1985: 51)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
717. Lydellohoughia Townsend, 1927a: 280.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Lydellohoughia nana Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Lydellohoughia nana Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Eucelatoria Townsend, 1909 [teste Wood (1985: 40)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
718. Lydellothelaira Townsend, 1919b: 558.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Lydellothelaira collaris Townsend, 1919.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Lydellothelaira collaris Townsend, 1919, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 138)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
719. Lydinolydella Townsend, 1927a: 278.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Lydinolydella metallica Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Lydinolydella metallica Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 138)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
720. Lyperosiops Townsend, 1912a: 47.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Stomoxys stimulans Meigen, 1824.
EVENHUIS ET AL.
158
·
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T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Stomoxys stimulans Meigen, 1824, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Haematobosca Bezzi, 1907 [teste Pont (1986: 110)].
F
AMILY
: MUSCIDAE.
[Lyxophaga] Townsend, 1936d: 152.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Incorrect spelling of Lixophaga Townsend, 1908.
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Criteria to make this name available as an emendation were not found to be fulfilled in this work. This
mispelling was corrected in Townsend (1938f: 234).
721. Machairomasicera Townsend, 1919b: 577.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Machairomasicera carinata Townsend, 1919.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Machairomasicera carinata Townsend, 1919, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Eucelatoria Townsend, 1909 [teste Wood (1985: 40)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
722. Macrohoughia Townsend, 1927a: 261.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Macrohoughia marmorata Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Macrohoughia marmorata Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Houghia Coquillett, 1897 [teste Fleming et al. (2014: 9)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
723. Macrohoughiopsis Townsend, 1927a: 261.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Macrohoughiopsis similis Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Macrohoughiopsis similis Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 159)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
724. Macrojurinia Townsend, 1916d: 20.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Jurinia brasiliensis Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Jurinia brasiliensis Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 59)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
[Macronichia] Townsend, 1931c: 379 [1935f: 214, 269, 274].
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Incorrect subsequent spelling of Macronychia Rondani, 1859.
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Townsend (1935f: 269) incorrectly listed the spelling “Macronychia” as an emendation for
“Macronichia”. Actually, both are multiple original spellings in Rondani (1859). Rondani (1862: 11) acted
as First Reviser (ICZN Code Article 24.2.4) and chose Macronychia as the correct spelling [teste O’Hara
et al. (2011: 111)]. Thus, the listings by Townsend of Macronichia are incorrect subsequent spellings of
Macronychia Rondani, 1859.
725. Macropatelloa Townsend, 1931e: 472.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Macropatelloa tanumeana Townsend, 1931
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CHARLES HENRY TYLER TOWNSEND
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Macropatelloa tanumeana Townsend, 1931, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Treated as “Unrecognized Genus in Exoristini” [teste this work].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: This nominal genus was omitted from Guimarães (1971) but its type species, Macropatelloa tanumeana
Townsend, 1931, was listed as “Unrecognized species of Exoristini”. Since the type species is the only
known species of the genus, the genus is hereby treated as “Unrecognized Genus in Exoristini”.
726. Macropodexia Townsend, 1933a: 462.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Dexia longipes Macquart, 1846.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Dexia longipes Macquart, 1846, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Senostoma Macquart, 1847 [teste Barraclough (1992: 1309)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
727. Macrosophia Townsend, 1933a: 459.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Macrosophia papua Townsend, 1933.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Macrosophia papua Townsend, 1933, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Doleschalla Walker, 1861 [teste Cantrell & Crosskey (1989: 748)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
728. Macrozenillia Townsend, 1927h: 68.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Macrozenillia aurescens Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Macrozenillia aurescens Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Pales Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste Crosskey (1977b: 677)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
729. Madremyia Townsend, 1916m: 305.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Madremyia parva Townsend, 1916.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Madremyia parva Townsend, 1916 [= Phorocera saundersii Williston, 1889], by original
designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 131)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
730. Makasinocera Townsend, 1915n: 431.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Makasinocera unguis Townsend, 1915.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Makasinocera unguis Townsend, 1915, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Archytas Jaennicke, 1867 [teste Guimarães (1971: 48)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
731. Makasinocerops Townsend, 1935c: 219.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Makasinocerops fulviventris Townsend, 1935.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Makasinocerops fulviventris Townsend, 1935 [preoccupied by Jurinia fulviventris Robineau-
Desvoidy, 1830; = Archytas shannoni Guimarães, 1960], by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Archytas Jaennicke, 1867 [teste Guimarães (1971: 48)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
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732. Makilingimyia Townsend, 1928a: 382.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Makilingimyia melanoptera Townsend, 1928.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Makilingimyia melanoptera Townsend, 1928, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Hermya Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste Crosskey (1977b: 593)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
733. Malaiocrocuta Townsend, 1933a: 479.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Melanophora molitor Wiedemann, 1824 (as “Tochina molitor Wied.”).
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Melanophora molitor Wiedemann, 1824 (as “Tochina molitor Wied.”), by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Istoglossa Rondani, 1856 [teste Crosskey (1977b: 628)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
734. Malayocyptera Townsend, 1926d: 31.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Malayocyptera munita Townsend, 1926.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Malayocyptera munita Townsend, 1926, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Cylindromyia Meigen, 1803 [teste Crosskey (1977b: 592)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
735. Malayodinera Townsend, 1926d: 27.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Malayodinera montana Townsend, 1926.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Malayodinera montana Townsend, 1926, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Philippodexia Townsend, 1926 [teste Crosskey (1977b: 605)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
736. Malayodoria Townsend, 1926d: 35.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Malayodoria fumipennis Townsend, 1926.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Malayodoria fumipennis Townsend, 1926, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Argyrophylax Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889 [teste Crosskey (1977b: 663)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
737. Malayomedina Townsend, 1926d: 20.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Malayomedina petiolata Townsend, 1926.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Malayomedina petiolata Townsend, 1926, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Phytorophaga Bezzi, 1923 [teste Crosskey (1977b: 650)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
738. Mallochomacquartia Townsend, 1934e: 247.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Macquartia vexata Hutton, 1901.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Macquartia vexata Hutton, 1901, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Cantrell & Crosskey (1989: 756)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
739. Mallochomyia Townsend, 1926a: 25.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Mallochomyia johanseni Townsend, 1926 (with “Phormia caerulea Malloch
(1919)” in synonymy)
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CHARLES HENRY TYLER TOWNSEND
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Mallochomyia johanseni Townsend, 1926, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Protophormia Townsend, 1908 [teste Rognes (1991: 128)].
F
AMILY
: CALLIPHORIDAE.
740. Mantidophaga Townsend, 1919a: 160.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Mantidophaga stagmomantidis Townsend, 1919.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Mantidophaga stagmomantidis Townsend, 1919 [= Sarcophaga flavipes Aldrich, 1916], by original
designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Tephromyia Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891 (subgenus of Blaesoxipha Loew,
1861) [teste Pape (1996: 207)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Originally proposed as a full genus.
741. Maracajuia Townsend, 1939e: 448.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Maracajuia caudata Townsend, 1939.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Maracajuia caudata Townsend, 1939, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Phyllophilopsis Townsend, 1915 [teste Wood (1985: 74)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
742. Masiceropsis Townsend, 1916g: 178.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Masicera pauciseta Coquillett, 1897.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Masicera pauciseta Coquillett, 1897 [= Tachina archippivora Riley, 1871], by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Lespesia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1862 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 123)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
743. Matucania Townsend, 1919b: 568.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Matucania mellisquama Townsend, 1919.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Matucania mellisquama Townsend, 1919, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 98)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
744. Mauritiodoria Townsend, 1932a: 52.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Medoria spinicosta Thomson, 1869.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Medoria spinicosta Thomson, 1869, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Crosskey (1980: 856)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
745. Mayodistichona Townsend, 1928b: 152.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Mayodistichona facialis Townsend, 1928.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Mayodistichona facialis Townsend, 1928, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 176)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
746. Mayophorinia Townsend, 1927a: 263.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Mayophorinia angusta Townsend, 1927.
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Zootaxa 3978 (1) © 2015 Magnolia Press
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Mayophorinia angusta Townsend, 1927, original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Myiopharus Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889 [teste Wood (1985: 61)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
747. Mayoschizocera Townsend, 1927a: 380.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Mayoschizocera ramata Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Mayoschizocera ramata Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 168)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
748. Medinacemyia Townsend, 1928a: 377.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Medinacemyia sibuyana Townsend, 1928.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Medinacemyia sibuyana Townsend, 1928, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Prosheliomyia Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891 [teste Crosskey (1977b: 618)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
749. Medinodexia Townsend, 1927h: 57.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Medinodexia fulviventris Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Medinodexia fulviventris Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Crosskey (1977b: 649)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
750. Medinophyto Townsend, 1927a: 219.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Medinophyto gracilis Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Medinophyto gracilis Townsend, 1927[ = Musca dilecta Wiedemann, 1830], by original
designation,
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 106)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE
751. Megaeuloewia Townsend, 1919b: 545.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Megaeuloewia morinioides Townsend, 1919.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Megaeuloewia morinioides Townsend, 1919, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Gnadochaeta Macquart, 1851 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 276)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
752. Megapariopsis Townsend, 1915b: 22.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Megaparia opaca Townsend, 1899.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Megaparia opaca Townsend, 1899, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 27)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
[Megarrhina] Townsend, 1892p: 149.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Incorrect subsequent spelling of Megarhinus Robineau-Desvoidy, 1827 or subsequent usage of
Megarrhina Osten Sacken, 1881.
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CHARLES HENRY TYLER TOWNSEND
F
AMILY
: CULICIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: The earliest mention of the nominal genus Megarhinus Robineau-Desvoidy, 1827 using the spelling
“Megarrhina” is Megarrhina Osten Sacken (1881: 398), as an unjustified emendation [teste Evenhuis et
al. (2010b: 106)].
[Megistocera] Townsend, 1892p: 150, 158.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Incorrect subsequent spelling of Maekistocera Wiedemann, 1821.
F
AMILY
: TIPULIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: The earliest mention of the nominal genus Maekistocera Wiedemann, 1821 using the spelling
“Megistocera” is by Wiedemann in Meigen (1826: vi), as an incorrect subsequent spelling [see Evenhuis
& Pont (2013) for more details]. Townsend (1892p: 158) listed Maekistocera as well as Megistocera, but
it is unclear if this was meant as a listing in synonymy or an emendation since the reference to Megistocera
is the incorrect subsequent spelling in Wiedemann (1828). As the intended treatment is equivocal, we
invoke ICZN Code Article 33.5 and treat the usage in Townsend (1892p) as an incorrect subsequent
spelling of Maekistocera Wiedemann, 1821.
753. Megistodexia Townsend, 1933a: 456.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Megistodexia diaristata Townsend, 1933.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Megistodexia diaristata Townsend, 1933, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Sumpigaster Macquart, 1855 [teste Crosskey (1980: 842)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
754. Megistogastropsis Townsend, 1916g: 178.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Megistogaster wallacei Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Megistogaster wallacei Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889 [= Dexia alulifera Walker, 1860], by original
designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Cantrell & Crosskey (1989: 752)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
755. Meigenielloides Townsend, 1919b: 573.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Meigenielloides cinerea Townsend, 1919.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Meigenielloides cinerea Townsend, 1919, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 97)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
756. Melanactia Townsend, 1927a: 258.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Melanactia macrocera Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Melanactia macrocera Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Oxynops Townsend, 1912 [teste Wood (1985: 71)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
E
MENDATIONS
: Mellanactia Guimarães, 1971: 293 (unjustified), n. syn.
757. Melanepalpellus Townsend, 1927a: 250.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Melanepalpellus corpulentus Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Melanepalpellus corpulentus Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
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C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 68)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
758. Melanepalpus Townsend, 1914j: 154.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Melanepalpus albipes Townsend, 1914; Melanepalpus fulvus Townsend, 1914.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Melanepalpus albipes Townsend, 1914, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 68)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE
759. Melanocyptera Townsend, 1927a: 215.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Melanocyptera carinata Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Melanocyptera carinata Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Cylindromyia Meigen, 1803 [teste Guimarães (1971: 15)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
760. Melanodoria Townsend, 1927a: 280.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Melanodoria nigrisquamis Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Melanodoria nigrisquamis Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Myiopharus Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889 [teste Wood (1985: 62)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
761. Melanojeania Townsend, 1933a: 465.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Dejeania pertristis Villeneuve, 1913.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Dejeania pertristis Villeneuve, 1913, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Dejeania Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste Crosskey (1980: 849)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
762. Melanophyto Townsend, 1916m: 304.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Melanophyto maerens Townsend, 1916.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Melanophyto maerens Townsend, 1916, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Boettcheria Parker, 1914 [teste Pape (1996: 212)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
763. Melanorlopteryx Townsend, 1927a: 273.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Melanorlopteryx costalis Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Melanorlopteryx costalis Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 140)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
764. Melanoromintho Townsend, 1935c: 226.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Melanoromintho barbiellinii Townsend, 1935.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Melanoromintho barbiellinii Townsend, 1935, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 140)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
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165
CHARLES HENRY TYLER TOWNSEND
765. Melanorophasia Townsend, 1934c: 205.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Melanorophasia minuscula Townsend, 1934.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Melanorophasia minuscula Townsend, 1934, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 8)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
766. Melinocera Townsend, 1915b: 22.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Meriania chalybaea Coquillett, 1902.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Meriania chalybaea Coquillett, 1902, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Panzeria Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 244)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
767. Mesembrierigone Townsend, 1931e: 457.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Mesembrierigone alpina Townsend, 1931.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Mesembrierigone alpina Townsend, 1931, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 84)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
768. Mesembrinellopsis Townsend, 1927a: 208.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Mesembrinellopsis mima Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Mesembrinellopsis mima Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Philornis Meinert, 1890 [teste Carvalho et al. (2005: 60)].
F
AMILY
: MUSCIDAE.
769. Mesembrinormia Townsend, 1931d: 321.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Mesembrinormia pertyi Townsend, 1931 (with “Musca quadrilineata Perty (nec.
Fab.)” in synonymy).
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Mesembrinormia pertyi Townsend, 1931, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 200].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
770. Mesembriomintho Townsend, 1916i: 158.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Mesembriomintho compressa Townsend, 1916.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Mesembriomintho compressa Townsend, 1916 [= Sumpigaster fasciatus Macquart, 1855], by
original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Sumpigaster Macquart, 1855 [teste Cantrell & Crosskey (1989: 753)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
771. Mesembriophyto Townsend, 1916m: 301.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Mesembriophyto magellana Townsend, 1916.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Mesembriophyto magellana Townsend, 1916, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Dasyuromyia Bigot, 1885 [teste Guimarães (1971: 97)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
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[Mesomelaena] Townsend, 1912a: 52.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Incorrect subsequent spelling of Mesomelena Rondani, 1859.
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Criteria to make this name available as an emendation were not found to be fulfilled in this work.
772. Metagonistylum Townsend, 1927a: 379.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Metagonistylum minense Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Metagonistylum minense Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Lydella Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste Woodley (1994: 135)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
773. Metallicomintho Townsend, 1919b: 555.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Metallicomintho abdominalis Townsend, 1919.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Metallicomintho abdominalis Townsend, 1919, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Paradidyma Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004:
272).
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
774. Metalliopsis Townsend, 1917h: 198.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Metalliopsis setosa Townsend, 1917.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Metalliopsis setosa Townsend, 1917, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Metallea Wulp, 1880 [teste James (1977: 552)].
F
AMILY
: RHINIIDAE.
775. Metamesembrina Townsend, 1908a: 50, 124.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Musca meridiana Linnaeus, 1758.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Musca meridiana Linnaeus, 1758, by monotypy.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Mesembrina Meigen, 1803 [teste Pont (1986: 84)].
F
AMILY
: MUSCIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Pont (1986: 84) gave the method of type fixation for Metamesembrina Townsend, 1908, as by original
designation, but this is incorrect. The statement by Townsend (1908a: 124) of “Proposed for Mes.
meridiana Linné” is not an explicit statement of type fixation [see Evenhuis & Thompson (1990) and
Sabrosky (1999) for more details]. Thus, because there is only one originally included species, the type
species of Metamesembrina Townsend, 1908 is Musca meridiana Linnaeus, 1758, by monotypy.
776. Metamyobia Townsend, 1927a: 213.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Metamyobia filipalpis Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Metamyobia filipalpis Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 117)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
777. Metarrhinomyia Townsend, 1927a: 279.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Metarrhinomyia angusta Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Metarrhinomyia angusta Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Myiopharus Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889 [teste Wood (1985: 62)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
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CHARLES HENRY TYLER TOWNSEND
778. Metatachina Townsend, 1919b: 588.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Metatachina mellifrons Townsend, 1919.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Metatachina mellifrons Townsend, 1919 [= Paradexodes aurifrons Townsend, 1908], by original
designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Oswaldia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 102)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
779. Metavoria Townsend, 1915r: 101.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Metavoria orientalis Townsend, 1915.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Metavoria orientalis Townsend, 1915, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Metaplagia Coquillett, 1895 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 61)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE
780. Methypostena Townsend, 1908a: 67.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Hypostena barbata Coquillett, 1895.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Hypostena barbata Coquillett, 1895, by monotypy.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Medina Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 95)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: The statement in Townsend (1908a: 67) “This genus is proposed for the type of Hypostena barbata
Coquillett” was thought to be an original designation by Sabrosky & Arnaud (1965: 1051), but this is
incorrect. This phraseology is not an explicit designation of that species as the type [see Evenhuis &
Thompson (1990) and Sabrosky (1999) for more details]. Thus, because there is only one included species,
the type fixation for Methypostena is Hypostena barbata Coquillett, 1895, by monotypy as correctly
indicated by O’Hara & Wood (2004: 95).
781. Metopiops Townsend, 1912f: 338.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Metopiops mirabilis Townsend, 1912.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Metopiops mirabilis Townsend, 1912, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid subgenus of Pseudochaeta Coquillett, 1895 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 196)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Originally proposed as a full genus.
782. Metopoactia Townsend, 1927a: 268.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Metopoactia andina Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Metopoactia andina Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 140)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
783. Metopomintho Townsend, 1927d: 283.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Metopomintho sauteri Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Metopomintho sauteri Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Phyllomya Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste O’Hara et al. (2009: 41)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
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784. Metopomuscopteryx Townsend, 1915u: 219.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Muscopteryx tibialis Coquillett, 1902.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Muscopteryx tibialis Coquillett, 1902, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 62)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
785. Metoposarcophaga Townsend, 1917d: 46.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Sarcophaga pachyprocta Parker, 1916.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Sarcophaga pachyprocta Parker, 1916 [= Sarcophaga importuna Walker, 1849], by original
designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Tripanurga Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891 [teste Pape (1996: 436)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
786. Metoposisyrops Townsend, 1916m: 320.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Metoposisyrops oryzae Townsend, 1916.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Metoposisyrops oryzae Townsend, 1916, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Lydella Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste Woodley (1994: 135)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
787. Metopotachina Townsend, 1915b: 21.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Echinomyia palpalis Coquillett, 1902.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Echinomyia palpalis Coquillett, 1902, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Nowickia Wachtl, 1894 (subgenus of Tachina Meigen, 1803) [teste O’Hara
& Wood (2004: 325)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Originally proposed as a full genus.
788. Miamimyia Townsend, 1916m: 308.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Miamimyia cincta Townsend, 1916.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Miamimyia cincta Townsend, 1916, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 97)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
789. Miamimyiops Townsend, 1939e: 452.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Miamimyiops mattoensis Townsend, 1939.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Miamimyiops mattoensis Townsend, 1939, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 172)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
[Michrochaetona] Townsend, 1919b: 565.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Incorrect original spelling of Microchaetona Townsend, 1916 [teste Townsend (1939c: 120)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
790. Microaporia Townsend, 1919b: 560.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Microaporia elegans Townsend, 1919.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Microaporia elegans Townsend, 1919, by original designation.
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CHARLES HENRY TYLER TOWNSEND
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 96)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
791. Microcalliphora Townsend, 1916b: 618.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Lucilia varipes Macquart, 1851.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Lucilia varipes Macquart, 1851, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Chrysomya Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste Kurahashi (1989: 712)].
F
AMILY
: CALLIPHORIDAE.
792. Microcephalopsis Townsend, 1918d: 153.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Microcephalus neugebaueri Portschinsky, 1881.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Microcephalus neugebaueri Portschinsky, 1881, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Portschinskia Semenov, 1902 [teste Soós & Minář (1986: 245)].
F
AMILY
: OESTRIDAE.
793. Microchaetogyne Townsend, 1931d: 344.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Prosena melaena Wulp, 1891.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Prosena melaena Wulp, 1891, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 30)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
794. Microchaetona Townsend, 1919b: 565.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Microchaetona gracilis Townsend, 1919.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Microchaetona gracilis Townsend, 1919, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Phyllophilopsis Townsend, 1915 [teste Wood (1985: 73)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: There are two original spellings for this nominal genus in Townsend (1919b): Microchaetona (page
565) and Michrochaetona (page 565). By subsequent usage by the author (ICZN Code Article 24.2.4),
Townsend (1939c: 120) acted as First Reviser and selected Microchaetona as the correct original spelling.
795. Microchaetonops Townsend, 1934f: 391.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Microchaetonops medinops Townsend, 1934.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Microchaetonops medinops Townsend, 1934, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Phyllophilopsis Townsend, 1915 [teste Wood (1985: 73)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
796. Microgymnomma Townsend, 1916d: 18.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Microgymnomma orbitalis Townsend, 1916.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Microgymnomma orbitalis Townsend, 1916, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 79)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
797. Micromasiphya Townsend, 1934f: 399.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Micromasiphya curta Townsend, 1934.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Micromasiphya curta Townsend, 1934, by original designation.
EVENHUIS ET AL.
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C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 199)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
798. Micromintho Townsend, 1919b: 554.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Micromintho melania Townsend, 1919.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Micromintho melania Townsend, 1919, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Paradidyma Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004:
272).
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
799. Micronotochaeta Townsend, 1927a: 233.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Micronotochaeta costalis Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Micronotochaeta costalis Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Notochaeta Aldrich, 1916 (subgenus of Lepidodexia Brauer &
Bergenstamm, 1891) [teste Pape (1996: 240)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Originally proposed as a full genus.
800. Micronychiops Townsend, 1915n: 423.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Micronychiops aurescens Townsend, 1915.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Micronychiops aurescens Townsend, 1915, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 85)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
801. Microphytomyptera Townsend, 1927d: 287.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Microphytomyptera minuta Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Microphytomyptera minuta Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Phytomyptera Rondani, 1845 [teste O’Hara et al. (2009: 151)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
802. Microplagia Townsend, 1915n: 437.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Microplagia nitens Townsend, 1915.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Microplagia nitens Townsend, 1915, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 91)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
803. Microrutilia Townsend, 1915b: 23.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Rutilia minor Macquart, 1846.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Rutilia minor Macquart, 1846 by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid subgenus of Rutilia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste Cantrell & Crosskey (1989: 746)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Originally proposed as a full genus.
804. Microsciasma Townsend, 1915u: 234.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Microsciasma minuta Townsend, 1915.
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CHARLES HENRY TYLER TOWNSEND
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Microsciasma minuta Townsend, 1915, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Catharosia Rondani, 1868 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 212)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
805. Microsenotainia Townsend, 1916b: 618.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Senotainia nana Coquillett, 1897.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Senotainia nana Coquillett, 1897, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Senotainia Macquart, 1846 [teste Pape (1996: 133)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
806. Microtrichommodes Townsend, 1927a: 245.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Microtrichommodes elegans Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Microtrichommodes elegans Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Exopalpus Macquart, 1851 [teste Guimarães (1971: 55)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
[Microtropeza] Townsend, 1913a: 43.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Incorrect subsequent spelling of Microtropesa Macquart, 1846 or subsequent usage of
Microtropeza Macquart, 1851.
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: The earliest mention of the nominal genus Microtropesa Macquart, 1846 using the spelling
“Microtropeza” is Microtropeza Macquart (1851: 331), as an unjustified emendation.
807. Miltoravinia Townsend, 1917i: 191.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Sarcophaga planifrons Aldrich, 1916.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Sarcophaga planifrons Aldrich, 1916, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Ravinia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863 [teste Pape (1996: 284)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
808. Minthocyptera Townsend, 1926d: 31.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Minthocyptera malaya Townsend, 1926.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Minthocyptera malaya Townsend, 1926, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Ocypteromima Townsend, 1916 [teste Crosskey (1977b: 629)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
809. Minthodexiopsis Townsend, 1927a: 221.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Minthodexia flavicornis Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Minthodexia flavicornis Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 107)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
810. Minthohoughia Townsend, 1919b: 581.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Minthohoughia cylindrica Townsend, 1919.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Minthohoughia cylindrica Townsend, 1919, by original designation.
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C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Spathidexia Townsend, 1912 [teste Guimarães (1971: 95)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
811. Mintholeskia Townsend, 1934f: 395.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Mintholeskia melanopyga Townsend, 1934.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Mintholeskia melanopyga Townsend, 1934, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 117)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Through a typesetting error, this nominal genus is listed under a repeated heading of “Microleskia
Thompson” in Guimarães (1971: 117).
812. Minthomima Townsend, 1927a: 380.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Minthomima chaetosa Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Minthomima chaetosa Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Arrhinactia Townsend, 1927 [teste Guimarães (1971: 94)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
813. Minthomyia Townsend, 1919b: 564.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Minthomyia abdominalis Townsend, 1919.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Minthomyia abdominalis Townsend, 1919, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Erythromelana Townsend, 1919 [teste Wood (1985: 39)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
814. Minthoplagia Townsend, 1915q: 92.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Minthoplagia rafaeli Townsend, 1915.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Minthoplagia rafaeli Townsend, 1915, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 91)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
815. Minthopsis Townsend, 1915n: 417.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Minthopsis vittata Townsend, 1915.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Minthopsis vittata Townsend, 1915, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 141)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
816. Minthotachina Townsend, 1935c: 227.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Minthotachina miscella Townsend, 1935.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Minthotachina miscella Townsend, 1935, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 141)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
817. Minthozelia Townsend, 1919b: 556.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Minthozelia montana Townsend, 1919.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Minthozelia montana Townsend, 1919, by original designation.
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CHARLES HENRY TYLER TOWNSEND
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Zelia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 37)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
818. Molliopsis Townsend, 1933a: 470.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Mollia malayana Townsend, 1926.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Mollia malayana Townsend, 1926, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Medina Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste O’Hara et al. (2009: 51)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
819. Monoestrogaster Townsend, 1939e: 449.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Monoestrogaster mattoensis Townsend, 1939.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Monoestrogaster mattoensis Townsend, 1939, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Calodexia Wulp, 1891 [teste Wood (1985: 25)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
820. Mononotochaeta Townsend, 1935b: 73.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Mononotochaeta myersi Townsend, 1935.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Mononotochaeta myersi Townsend, 1935, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Notochaeta Aldrich, 1916 (subgenus of Lepidodexia Brauer &
Bergenstamm, 1891) [teste Pape (1996: 240)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Originally proposed as a full genus.
[Morphomyia] Townsend, 1892u: 274.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Incorrect spelling of Morphomya Rondani, 1856 or subsequent usage of Morphomyia Rondani,
1862.
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: The earliest mention of the nominal genus Morphomya Rondani, 1856 we have found using the spelling
“Morphomyia” is Morphomyia Rondani (1862: 47), as an unjustified emendation [teste O’Hara et al.
(2011: 120)].
821. Moreiria Townsend, 1932b: 107.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Moreiria maura Townsend, 1932.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Moreiria maura Townsend, 1932, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 186)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
822. Morphodexia Townsend, 1931d: 342.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Morphodexia microphthalmoides Townsend, 1931.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Morphodexia microphthalmoides Townsend, 1931 [= Camarona barrosi Brèthes, 1919], by
original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 24)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
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174
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823. Murdockiana Townsend, 1916b: 622.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Euphorocera gelida Coquillett, 1897.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Euphorocera gelida Coquillett, 1897, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Chetogena Rondani, 1856 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 145)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
824. Muscinothelaira Townsend, 1916m: 310.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Muscinothelaira lutzi Townsend, 1916.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Muscinothelaira lutzi Townsend, 1916, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Myiopharus Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889 [teste Wood (1985: 61)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
825. Muscopteryx Townsend, 1892o: 137 [1892q: 170].
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: None.
F
IRST
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Muscopteryx chaetosula Townsend, 1892 (in Townsend, 1892q: 171).
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Muscopteryx chaetosula Townsend, 1892, by subsequent designation (Townsend, 1892q: 171).
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 63)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Although fully described in Townsend (1892q: 170), Muscopteryx was made available in an earlier
paper (Townsend, 1892o: 137) where characters are given to differentiate it in a key to genera. No species
were included in the earlier paper, thus the type species is by subsequent designation in Townsend
(1892q).
826. Myersimyia Townsend, 1935e: 221.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Myersimyia mixta Townsend, 1935.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Myersimyia mixta Townsend, 1935, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Exoristoides Coquillett, 1897 [teste O’Hara (2002: 75)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
827. Myiodoria Townsend, 1927a: 279.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Myiodoria discalis Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Myiodoria discalis Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Lydinolydella Townsend, 1927 [teste Guimarães (1971: 138)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
828. Myiodoriops Townsend, 1935c: 227.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Myiodoriops marginalis Townsend, 1935.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Myiodoriops marginalis Townsend, 1935, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Inclan & Stireman (2013: 68)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
829. Myiophasiopsis Townsend, 1927a: 378.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Myiophasiopsis flavotegulata Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Myiophasiopsis flavotegulata Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
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CHARLES HENRY TYLER TOWNSEND
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 110)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
[Myiospila] Townsend, 1908a: 49.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Incorrect subsequent spelling of Myospila Rondani 1856 or subsequent usage of Myiospila
Rondani, 1868.
F
AMILY
: MUSCIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: The earliest mention of the nominal genus Myospila Rondani, 1856 we have found using the spelling
“Myiospila” is Myiospila Rondani (1868b: 602), as an unjustified emendation [teste O’Hara et al. (2011:
124)].
830. Myiosturmia Townsend, 1927a: 272.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Myiosturmia mixta Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Myiosturmia mixta Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Lespesia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863 [teste Guimarães (1983: 14)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
831. Myioxynops Townsend, 1927a: 278.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Myioxynops palpalis Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Myioxynops palpalis Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Myiopharus Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889 [teste Wood (1985: 62)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
832. Myobiomima Townsend, 1926d: 22.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Myobiomima longimana Townsend, 1926.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Myobiomima longimana Townsend, 1926, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Crosskey (1977b: 629)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
833. Myobiopsis Townsend, 1916b: 628.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Myobiopsis similis Townsend, 1916 [with “Leskia analis Coquillett, Rev. Tach.,
1897, p. 67, part (not Dexia analis Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vol. 6, 1829, p. 177)” in synonymy].
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Myobiopsis similis Townsend, 1916, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Leskia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste O’Hara & Wood (1998: 756)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
834. Myocerops Townsend, 1916g: 178.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Musca carinifrons Fallén, 1816.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Musca carinifrons Fallén, 1816, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Dinera Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste Herting & Dely-Draskovits (1993:
361)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
835. Myoceropsis Townsend, 1915b: 23.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Rhynchiodexia flavotessellata Walton, 1914.
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176
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T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Rhynchiodexia flavotessellata Walton, 1914, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Ptilodexia Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004:
33)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
836. Myocuphocera Townsend, 1931b: 168.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Tachina macrocera Wiedemann, 1824.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Tachina macrocera Wiedemann, 1824 sensu Townsend, 1931 [misidentification; = Neocuphocera
nepos Townsend, 1927], by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Neocuphocera Townsend, 1927 [teste Guimarães (1971: 79)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Guimarães (1971: 79) gave the method of type species fixation for this nominal genus as by monotypy,
but this is incorrect. Townsend (1931b: 168) clearly gave “(gt)” after the species name, which is his
abbreviation for “genotype”. Thus, Tachina macrocera Wiedemann, 1924 is the type species by original
designation.
837. Myothyriopsis Townsend, 1919b: 575.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Myothyriopsis bivittata Townsend, 1919.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Myothyriopsis bivittata Townsend, 1919 [= Masicera picta Wulp, 1890], by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 132)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
838. Myxexoristops Townsend, 1911b: 155, 170.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Myxexorista pexops Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Myxexorista pexops Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891 [= Phryxe blondeli Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830],
by monotypy.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 191)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Although O’Hara & Wood (2004: 191) correctly indicated the method of type fixation as by monotypy,
Herting & Dely-Draskovits (1993: 227) incorrectly gave it as by original designation. Townsend (1911b:
169) stated “Proposed for Myxexorista pexops B. B.”, which is not an explicit designation of that species
as the type [see Evenhuis & Thompson (1990) and Sabrosky (1999) for more details]. Thus, because there
is only one included species, the type fixation for Myxexoristops is Myxexorista pexops Brauer &
Bergenstamm, 1891, by monotypy.
839. Nasonimyia Townsend, 1916b: 619.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Heteropterina nasoni Coquillett, 1895.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Heteropterina nasoni Coquillett, 1895
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Taxigramma Macquart, 1850 [teste Pape (1996: 151)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
840. Neacroglossa Townsend, 1927a: 238.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Neacroglossa brasiliensis Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Neacroglossa brasiliensis Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Spallanzania Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste O’Hara & Wood (1998:
753)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
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177
CHARLES HENRY TYLER TOWNSEND
841. Neadmontia Townsend, 1912d: 164.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Admontia limata Coquillett, 1902.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Admontia limata Coquillett, 1902, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Phyllomya Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 68)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
842. Neaphria Townsend, 1914a: 12.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Neaphria dexina Townsend, 1914.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Neaphria dexina Townsend, 1914, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 85)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
843. Neaporia Townsend, 1908a: 67.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Aporia quadrimaculata Macquart, 1846; Aporia limacodis Townsend, 1892.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Aporia quadrimaculata Macquart, 1846, automatic [by designation of the same species (by
monotypy) for Aporia Macquart, 1846].
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: New replacement name for Aporia Macquart, 1846; preoccupied by Gorham, 1897; senior (but
invalid) synonym of Uramya Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste Guimarães (1980: 193)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
844. Neargyrophylax Townsend, 1927a: 265.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Neargyrophylax argentescens Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Neargyrophylax argentescens Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Myiopharus Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889 [teste Poole (1996: 291)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Guimarães (1971: 142) misspelled this nominal genus as “Neoargyophylax”, which seems to have been
perpetuated in the some of the subsequent literature (e.g., Toma & Nihei, 2006) and online bioinformatic
resources.
845. Nemosturmia Townsend, 1926a: 34.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Nemosturmia pilosa Townsend, 1926.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Nemosturmia pilosa Townsend, 1926 [= Winthemia fumiferanae Tothill, 1912], by original
designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Smidtia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 205).
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
846. Neoarchytas Townsend, 1915n: 430.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Neoarchytas inambarica Townsend, 1915.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Neoarchytas inambarica Townsend, 1915, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Archytas Jaennicke, 1867 [teste Guimarães (1971: 48)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
847. Neobrachelia Townsend, 1931e: 458.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Neobrachelia charapemyioides Townsend, 1931.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Neobrachelia charapemyioides Townsend, 1931, by original designation.
EVENHUIS ET AL.
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·
Zootaxa 3978 (1) © 2015 Magnolia Press
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 86)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
848. Neocampylochaeta Townsend, 1927a: 255.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Neocampylochaeta genalis Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Neocampylochaeta genalis Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste O’Hara (2012: 44)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
849. Neocraspedothrix Townsend, 1927a: 257.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Neocraspedothrix nova Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Neocraspedothrix nova Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 168)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: There are two original spellings of the nominal type species of Neocraspedothrix in Townsend (1927a):
nova (page 257) and nana (page 333). By subsequent usage by the author (ICZN Code Article 24.2.4),
Townsend (1927b: tenth unnumbered page) acted as First Reviser and selected nova as the correct original
spelling.
850. Neocuphocera Townsend, 1927a: 239.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Neocuphocera nepos Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Neocuphocera nepos Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 79)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: There are two original spellings of this nominal genus in Townsend (1927a): Neucuphocera (page 239)
and Neocuphocera (page 333). Townsend (1927a: second unnumbered page of errata) corrected the
spelling.
851. Neocyptera Townsend, 1916f: 32.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Ocyptera dosiades Walker, 1849.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Ocyptera dosiades Walker, 1849 [= Ocyptera interrupta Meigen, 1824], by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid subgenus of Cylindromyia Meigen, 1803 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 218)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Originally proposed as a full genus.
852. Neodionaea Townsend, 1916b: 631.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Dionaea nitoris Coquillett, 1898.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Dionaea nitoris Coquillett, 1898, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Clairvillia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 223)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
853. Neoerigone Townsend, 1919b: 590.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Neoerigone cinerea Townsend, 1919.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Neoerigone cinerea Townsend, 1919, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Chrysotachina Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889 [teste O’Hara (2002: 86)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
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CHARLES HENRY TYLER TOWNSEND
854. Neoeuantha Townsend, 1931d: 336.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Dexia aucta Wiedemann, 1830.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Dexia aucta Wiedemann, 1830, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1982: 166)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
855. Neofischeria Townsend, 1908a: 74[1908c: 380].
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Neofischeria flava Townsend, 1908.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Neofischeria flava Townsend, 1908, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Solieria Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 264)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
856. Neogymnomma Townsend, 1915j: 69.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Neogymnomma rufa Townsend, 1915.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Neogymnomma rufa Townsend, 1915, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 68)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
857. Neohypostena Townsend, 1915b: 22.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Hypostena gracilis Coquillett, 1904.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Hypostena gracilis Coquillett, 1904 [= Ocyptera triquetra Olivier, 1812], by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Icelia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste Guimarães (1976: 177)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Both the genus-group name Neohypostena Townsend, 1915 and its type species Hypostena gracilis
Coquillett, 1904 from Nicaragua were omitted from the Neotropical tachinid catalog of Guimarães (1971).
858. Neojurinia Townsend, 1914e: 48.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: None.
F
IRST
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Neojurinia abscondens Townsend, 1914 (in Townsend, 1914f: 81).
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Neojurinia abscondens Townsend, 1914, by subsequent designation (Townsend, 1914f: 81).
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Jurinella Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889 [teste Guimarães (1971: 56).
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Guimarães (1971: 56) gave the method of type fixation for Neojurinia Townsend, 1914 as by original
designation, but this is incorrect. The genus-group name is made available in Townsend (1914e: 48), but
there are no originally included species. In a subsequent paper in the series (Townsend, 1914f: 81) there is
the first included species and an explicit designation of it as the type species, thus the type fixation for
Neojurinia Townsend, 1914 is Neojurinia abscondens Townsend, 1914, by subsequent designation in
Townsend (1914f: 81).
859. Neokirkia Townsend, 1918d: 153.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Kirkia minuta Rodhain & Bequaert, 1915.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Kirkia minuta Rodhain & Bequaert, 1915, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Kirkioestrus Rodhain & Bequaert, 1914 [teste Pont (1980e: 886)].
F
AMILY
: OESTRIDAE.
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860. Neolophosia Townsend, 1939b: 253.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Neolophosia shannoni Townsend, 1939.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Neolophosia shannoni Townsend, 1939, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 16)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
861. Neometachaeta Townsend, 1915n: 415.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Neometachaeta polita Townsend, 1915.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Neometachaeta polita Townsend, 1915, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 115)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
862. Neometapodia Townsend, 1892c: 71.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Miltogramma grisea Meigen, 1824 sensu Townsend, 1892 [misidentification; = Metopia pilicornis
Pandellé, 1895], automatic [by designation of the same species (by subsequent designation of Brauer,
1893: 503) for Metopodia Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891].
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Unjustified new replacement name for Metopodia Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891; junior
synonym of Metopodia Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891 [teste Neave (1940a: 393)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Townsend (1892c: 71) proposed the new replacement name Neometapodia for Metopodia Brauer &
Bergenstamm 1891, thinking it might be confused with either Metopodius Westwood, 1842 or Metapodus
Amyot & Serville, 1843 (the latter an unjustified emendation of the former). However, neither of those
two nominal genera is a homonym of Metopodia, so the new replacement name by Townsend was
unjustified. Neometapodia was not listed in Pape’s (1996) world catalog. We follow Neave (1940a: 393)
in treating it as a junior synonym of Metopodia Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891.
863. Neominthopsis Townsend, 1915n: 418.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Neominthopsis discalis Townsend, 1915.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Neominthopsis discalis Townsend, 1915, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 142)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
864. Neommasicera Townsend, 1927a: 275.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Neommasicera fulvipes Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Neommasicera fulvipes Townsend, 1927 [= Redtenbacheria brasiliensis Schiner, 1868], by original
designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Pseudoredtenbacheria Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889 [teste Wood (1985:
79)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
865. Neomuscina Townsend, 1919b: 541.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Neomuscina cavicola Townsend, 1919.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Neomuscina cavicola Townsend, 1919 [= Muscina tripunctata Wulp, 1896], by original
designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Carvalho et al. (2005: 92)].
F
AMILY
: MUSCIDAE.
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181
CHARLES HENRY TYLER TOWNSEND
866. Neomyostoma Townsend, 1935c: 218.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Neomyostoma ptilodexioides Townsend, 1935.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Neomyostoma ptilodexioides Townsend, 1935, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 31)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
867. Neonyctia Townsend, 1919a: 163.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Neonyctia ciliata Townsend, 1919.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Neonyctia ciliata Townsend, 1919, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Chaetonopsis Townsend, 1915 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 53)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
868. Neophorocera Townsend, 1912d: 163.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Phorocera edwardsii Williston, 1889.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Phorocera edwardsii Williston, 1889, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Chetogena Rondani, 1856 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 145)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
869. Neophryxe Townsend, 1916m: 318.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Neophryxe psychidis Townsend, 1916.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Neophryxe psychidis Townsend, 1916, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste O’Hara et al. (2009: 96)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
870. Neophyllophila Townsend, 1927a: 235.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Neophyllophila neotropica Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Neophyllophila neotropica Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Phyllophilopsis Townsend, 1915 [teste Wood (1985: 73)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
871. Neophyto Townsend, 1908a: 55 [1908c: 379].
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Phyto setosa Coquillett, 1895; Neophyto anomala Townsend, 1908 (with “Phyto
clesides Coquillett (non Walker)” in synonymy).
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Phyto setosa Coquillett, 1895, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid subgenus of Lepidodexia Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891 [teste Pape (1996: 64)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Originally proposed as a full genus.
872. Neophytodes Townsend, 1931d: 317.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Neophytodes lindneri Townsend, 1931.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Neophytodes lindneri Townsend, 1931, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid subgenus of Lepidodexia Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891 [teste Pape (1996: 64)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Originally proposed as a full genus.
EVENHUIS ET AL.
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873. Neopodomyia Townsend, 1927a: 241.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Neopodomyia oralis Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Neopodomyia oralis Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 191)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: There are two original spellings of this nominal genus in Townsend (1927a): Neopodomyia (page 241)
and Neupodomyia (page 334). By subsequent usage of the author (ICZN Code Article 24.2.4), Townsend
(1927b: tenth unnumbered page) acted as First Reviser and selected Neopodomyia as the correct original
spelling.
874. Neoprosena Townsend, 1927a: 221.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Neoprosena haustellata Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Neoprosena haustellata Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Prosenoides Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891 [teste Guimarães (1971: 32)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
875. Neopsalida Townsend, 1916b: 632.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Leucostoma neomexicana Townsend, 1892.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Leucostoma neomexicana Townsend, 1892 [= Musca aterrima Villers, 1789], by original
designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Leucostoma Meigen, 1803 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 224)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
876. Neopsidia Townsend, 1928b: 144.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Opsidia metopioides Allen, 1926.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Opsidia metopioides Allen, 1926, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Opsidia Coquillett, 1895 [teste Pape (1996: 121)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
877. Neopyrellia Townsend, 1939e: 446.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Neopyrellia neglecta Townsend, 1939.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Neopyrellia neglecta Townsend, 1939, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Preoccupied by Enderlein, 1935; senior (but invalid) synonym of Neorypellia Pont, 1972 [teste
Carvalho et al. (2005: 27)].
F
AMILY
: MUSCIDAE.
878. Neosarromyia Townsend, 1927a: 237.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Neosarromyia neotropica Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Neosarromyia neotropica Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 79); as “Neossarromyia”)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
879. Neoscotia Townsend, 1919b: 579.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Tachina grandis Zetterstedt, 1844.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Scotia placida Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863, automatic [by designation of the same species (by
original designation) for Scotia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863].
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CHARLES HENRY TYLER TOWNSEND
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: New replacement name for Scotia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863; placed in “Doubtful taxa in
Tachinidae” [teste Herting & Dely-Draskovits (1993: 437)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
880. Neosolieria Townsend, 1927a: 211.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Neosolieria nasuta Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Neosolieria nasuta Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 64)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
881. Neothelaira Townsend, 1912c: 109.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Neothelaira dexina Townsend, 1912.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Neothelaira dexina Townsend, 1912, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Belida Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 78)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
882. Neotractocera Townsend, 1892n: 105 [1892o: 136].
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Neotractocera anomala Townsend, 1892.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Neotractocera anomala Townsend, 1892 [= Hypertrophocera parvipes Brauer & Bergenstamm,
1891], by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Hypertrophocera Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891 [teste O’Hara & Wood
(2004: 335)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Neotractocera was made available in two papers issued simultaneously in the June issue of the
Transactions of the American Entomological Society. Although page precedence is not regulated in the
ICZN Code, most workers give the original citation for this nominal genus as dating from the full
description of it in Townsend (1892n: 105) rather than from Townsend (1892o: 136), in which characters
to differentiate it are given in the key to genera.
883. Neotrafoia Townsend, 1912f: 313.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Neotrafoia incarum Townsend, 1912.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Neotrafoia incarum Townsend, 1912, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Trafoia Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1893 [teste Guimarães (1971: 83)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
884. Neotrafoiopsis Townsend, 1931e: 452.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Neotrafoiopsis andina Townsend, 1931.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Neotrafoiopsis andina Townsend, 1931, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 82)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
EVENHUIS ET AL.
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885. Neotropidomyia Townsend, 1891m: 382.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Tropidomyia macronychia Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889 [= Dexia biserialis Portschinsky, 1881],
automatic [by designation of the same species (by monotypy) for Tropidomyia Brauer & Bergenstamm,
1889].
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: New replacement name for Tropidomyia Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889; junior synonym of
Phania Meigen, 1824 [teste Herting & Dely-Draskovits (1993: 434)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
886. Neouromyia Townsend, 1891m: 382.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Tachina curvicauda Fallén, 1820, automatic [by designation of the same species (by subsequent
designation in Rondani, 1856: 75) for Uromyia Meigen, 1838].
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Unnecessary new replacement name for Uromyia Meigen, 1838 [not preoccupied by Uramya
Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830]; junior synonym of Phania Meigen, 1824 [teste Herting & Dely-Draskovits
(1993: 434)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
887. Neowinnertzia Townsend, 1912a: 52.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Metopia mesomelaena Loew, 1848.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Metopia mesomelaena Loew, 1848, automatic [by designation of the same species (by original
designation) for Winnertzia Schiner, 1861].
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: New replacement name for Winnertzia Schiner, 1861; junior synonym of Mesomelena Rondani,
1859 [teste Pape (1996: 97].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
888. Neowinthemia Townsend, 1919b: 583.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Neowinthemia abdominalis Townsend, 1919.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Neowinthemia abdominalis Townsend, 1919, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Winthemia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 206)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
889. Neoxynops Townsend, 1934f: 403.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Neoxynops nana Townsend, 1934.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Neoxynops nana Townsend, 1934, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Myiopharus Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889 [teste Wood (1985: 62)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
890. Nephochaetona Townsend, 1919a: 174.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Nephochaetona mima Townsend, 1919.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Nephochaetona mima Townsend, 1919, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 94)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
891. Nephochaetopteryx Townsend, 1934c: 203.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Nephochaetopteryx pallidiventris Townsend, 1934.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Nephochaetopteryx pallidiventris Townsend, 1934, by original designation.
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185
CHARLES HENRY TYLER TOWNSEND
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Pape (1996: 259)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
892. Nephoplagia Townsend, 1919a: 171.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Nephoplagia arcuata Townsend, 1919.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Nephoplagia arcuata Townsend, 1919, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 91)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
893. Nephopteropsis Townsend, 1916b: 623.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Clausicella johnsoni Coquillett, 1897.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Clausicella johnsoni Coquillett, 1897, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Phytomyptera Rondani, 1844 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 253)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
894. Nepocarcelia Townsend, 1927a: 267.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Nepocarcelia fulva Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Nepocarcelia fulva Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 204)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
895. Nepophasmophaga Townsend, 1927a: 268.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Nepophasmophaga facialis Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Nepophasmophaga facialis Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 172)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
[Neucuphocera] Townsend, 1927a: 239.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Incorrect original spelling of Neocuphocera Townsend, 1927 [teste Townsend (1927a: second
unnumbered page of errata)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
[Neupodomyia] Townsend, 1927a: 334.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Incorrect original spelling of Neopodomyia Townsend, 1927 [teste Townsend (1927b: tenth
unnumbered page)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
896. Neuroplagia Townsend, 1933a: 479.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Plagia nudinerva Villeneuve, 1920.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Plagia nudinerva Villeneuve, 1920, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Hyleorus Aldrich, 1926 [teste Herting & Dely-Draskovits (1993: 384)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
EVENHUIS ET AL.
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897. Newsteadina Townsend, 1921a: 133.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Stomoxys fuscus Walker, 1849.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Stomoxys fuscus Walker, 1849, by monotypy.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Preoccupied by Theobald, 1909; junior synonym of Austenina Townsend, 1921 (subgenus of
Glossina Wiedemann, 1830) [teste Pont (1980b: 762)].
F
AMILY
: GLOSSINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Originally proposed as a full genus. Pont (1980b: 762) gave the method of type fixation for
Newsteadina Townsend, 1921 as by original designation, but this is incorrect. Townsend (1921a: 132)
stated “Proposed for Stomoxys fuscus Walker (1849)”, which is not an explicit designation of that species
as the type [see Evenhuis & Thompson (1990) and Sabrosky (1999) for more details]. Thus, because there
is only one included species, the type fixation for Newsteadina is Stomoxys fuscus Walker, 1849, by
monotypy.
898. Notochaetopsis Townsend, 1918a: 162.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Sarcophaga masculina Aldrich, 1916.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Sarcophaga masculina Aldrich, 1916, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Acanthodotheca Townsend, 1918 (subgenus of Blaesoxipha Loew, 1861)
[teste Pape (1996: 177)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Originally described as a full genus.
899. Obolocera Townsend, 1919a: 180.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Homoeonychia rapae Smith, 1917.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Homoeonychia rapae Smith, 1917 [= Tachina vulgaris Fallén, 1810], by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Phryxe Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 136)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
900. Ochrocera Townsend, 1916f: 17.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Ochrocera vaginalis Townsend, 1916.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Ochrocera vaginalis Townsend, 1916, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 30)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
901. Ochroepalpus Townsend, 1927a: 255.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Ochroepalpus ochraceus Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Ochroepalpus ochraceus Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 69)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
902. Ochromeigenia Townsend, 1919b: 578.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Ochromeigenia ormioides Townsend, 1919.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Ochromeigenia ormioides Townsend, 1919 [= Hamaxia incongruum Walker, 1860], by original
designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Palpostoma Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste Crosskey (1977b: 609)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
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187
CHARLES HENRY TYLER TOWNSEND
903. Ochromia Townsend, 1935f: 269.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Unjustified emendation of Ochromyia Macquart, 1835; junior synonym of Bengalia Robineau-
Desvoidy, 1830. New synonymy.
F
AMILY
: CALLIPHORIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Name made available as an emendation by virtue of the original and changed spellings appearing
together in the same publication and the changed spelling being adopted. Townsend (1935f: 269) listed
Ochromia as a previously published emendation for Ochromyia but we have not been able to find any use
of this spelling that fulfills any of the criteria for an emendation prior to Townsend (1935f: 269).
Ochromyia Macquart, 1835 is currently treated as a junior synonym of Bengalia Robineau-Desvoidy,
1830 [teste James (1977: 528)].
904. Ochrophasia Townsend, 1927e: 288 [1928a: 374].
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Ochrophasia atripennis Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Ochrophasia atripennis Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Ectophasia Townsend, 1912 [teste Crosskey (1977b: 589)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
[Ocrisia] Townsend, 1935f: 159.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Ocrisia testacea Townsend, 1935 (as “O. testacea Sg”).
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Unavailable name; genus-group name proposed after 1930 without characters to differentiate it;
treated under Pollenia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste James (1977: 538; as “Ochrisia”)].
F
AMILY
: CALLIPHORIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: In his key, Townsend (1935f: 159) gave characters of a specimen in the Paris Collection under the name
“Ocrisia testacea”, unaware that this was a manuscript name of Séguy. The species-group name is thus
available from the key in Townsend (1935f: 159), but no separate characters were given for the genus-
group name. Because Townsend (1935f) is after 1930, the genus-group name is not made available by
indication (i.e., ICZN Code Article 12.2.6, which covers cases where the same characters are used to
distinguish both the genus- and species-group names). We thus follow James (1977: 538)] in treating
Ocrisia in Townsend (1935f) as a nomen nudum.
905. Ocypterodes Townsend, 1916b: 631.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Ocyptera euchenor Walker, 1849.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Ocyptera euchenor Walker, 1849 sensu Townsend, 1916 [misidentification; = Ocyptera fumipennis
Bigot, 1878], by original designation. [Type fixed as Ocyptera fumipennis Bigot, 1878 by ICZN Code
Article 70.3.2 in O’Hara & Wood (2004: 215)].
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Cylindromyia Meigen, 1803 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 215)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
906. Ocypteromima Townsend, 1916c: 175.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Ocypteromima polita Townsend, 1916.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Ocypteromima polita Townsend, 1916, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Crosskey (1980: 845)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
907. Ocypteropsis Townsend, 1916b: 630.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Ocyptera flavifrons Macquart, 1851.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Ocyptera flavifrons Macquart, 1851 [= Ocyptera bimacula Walker, 1849], by original designation.
EVENHUIS ET AL.
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C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Cylindromyia Meigen, 1803 [teste Cantrell & Crosskey (1989: 736)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
908. Ocypterosipha Townsend, 1894b: 79.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Ocypterosipha willistoni Townsend, 1894.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Ocypterosipha willistoni Townsend, 1894, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Beskia Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889 [teste Guimarães (1971: 14)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
[Ocypterosipho] Townsend, 1908a: 81, 82.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Incorrect subsequent spelling of Ocypterosipha Townsend, 1894.
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Criteria to make this name available as an emendation were not found to be fulfilled in this work.
909. Ocypterosoma Townsend, 1915b: 19.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Admontia polita Coquillett, 1898.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Admontia polita Coquillett, 1898, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Phyllomya Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 68)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
910. Ocypteryx Townsend, 1931d: 326.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Ocypteryx ochrescens Townsend, 1931.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Ocypteryx ochrescens Townsend, 1931, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Preoccupied by Leach, 1817; junior synonym of Cylindromyia Meigen, 1803 [teste Guimarães
(1971: 15)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
911. Ocyrtosoma Townsend, 1912a: 48.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Cyrtosoma rufum Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1893.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Cyrtosoma rufum Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1893, automatic [by designation of the same species (by
monotypy) for Cyrtosoma Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1893].
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: New replacement name for Cyrtosoma Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1893; valid genus [teste
Guimarães (1971: 37)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Guimarães (1971: 37) gave the method of type fixation for Cyrtosoma Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1893 as
by original designation (as “gen., sp. n.”), but this is incorrect. The ICZN Code Article 68.2.1 allows such
a phraseology to be an original designation only if it is applied to one of two or more originally included
species. In the case of Cyrtosoma Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1893, there is only one included species, thus
the type fixation for Cyrtosoma Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1893 is Cyrtosoma rufum Brauer &
Bergenstamm, 1893, by monotypy.
912. Odontocyptera Townsend, 1915u: 233.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Odontocyptera nana Townsend, 1915.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Odontocyptera nana Townsend, 1915, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Apinocyptera Townsend, 1915 (subgenus of Cylindromyia Meigen, 1803)
[teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 214)].
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189
CHARLES HENRY TYLER TOWNSEND
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Originally proposed as a full genus.
913. Odontosoma Townsend, 1916b: 633.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Celatoria spinosa Coquillett, 1897.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Celatoria spinosa Coquillett, 1897, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Medina Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 95)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
[Oedamagena] Townsend, 1891b: 96.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Incorrect subsequent spelling of Oedemagena Latreille, 1818.
F
AMILY
: OESTRIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Criteria to make this name available as an emendation were not found to be fulfilled in this work. A
reprint of Townsend (1891b) in the Bishop Museum that was originally given to J.O. Westwood by
Townsend contains marginalia written in Townsend’s hand correcting this typographical error.
914. Oedemamedina Townsend, 1927a: 269.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Oedemamedina costalis Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Oedemamedina costalis Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 142)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
915. Oedemapeza Townsend, 1908a: 65, 66.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Atrophopoda townsendi Williston, 1896.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Atrophopoda townsendi Williston, 1896, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Paradidyma Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891 [teste O’Hara & Wood (1998:
754)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Although Guimarães (1971: 114) treated this nominal genus as a junior synonym of Ceratomyiella
Townsend, 1891, Wood (1987: 1218) and O’Hara & Wood (1998: 754) placed Oedemapeza as a junior
synonym of Paradidyma Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891. Both Ceratomyiella Townsend and Paradidyma
Brauer & Bergenstamm were published in 1891, with Paradidyma Brauer & Bergenstamm published on
17 December [see Evenhuis (2014) for dating] and Ceratomyiella Townsend published in November (date
printed on issue). In the interests of stability of nomenclature and taxonomy, Paradidyma Brauer &
Bergenstamm, 1891 is treated here as having priority over Ceratomyiella Townsend, 1891.
916. Oedemasoma Townsend, 1908a: 80.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Oedemasoma nuda Townsend, 1908; Wahlbergia brevipennis Loew, 1863.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Oedemasoma nuda Townsend, 1908 [= Wahlbergia brevipennis Loew, 1863], by original
designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Besseria Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 213)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
917. Oedematocera Townsend, 1916b: 621.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Hypostena flaveola Coquillett, 1897.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Hypostena flaveola Coquillett, 1897, by original designation.
EVENHUIS ET AL.
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C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Anisia Wulp, 1890 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 77)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
918. Oedematopteryx Townsend, 1916b: 633.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Alophora pulverea Coquillett, 1897.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Alophora pulverea Coquillett, 1897, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Phasia Latreille, 1804 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 227)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
919. Oestrocara Townsend, 1935a: 104.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Semisuturia nitidiventris Malloch, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Semisuturia nitidiventris Malloch, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Glaurocara Thomson, 1869 [teste Crosskey (1977b: 612)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
920. Oestrogaster Townsend, 1912f: 309.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Oestrogaster fumosus Townsend, 1912.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Oestrogaster fumosus Townsend, 1912.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Calodexia Wulp, 1891 [teste Guimarães (1971: 153)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
921. Oestrogastrodes Townsend, 1915n: 425.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Oestrogastrodes similis Townsend, 1915.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Oestrogastrodes similis Townsend, 1915, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Calodexia Wulp, 1891 [teste Guimarães (1971: 154)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
922. Oestrogastropsis Townsend, 1915n: 424.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Oestrogastropsis mexicana Townsend, 1915.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Oestrogastropsis mexicana Townsend, 1915, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Calodexia Wulp, 1891 [teste Guimarães (1971: 153)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
923. Oestrohilarella Townsend, 1919a: 162.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Hilarella aristalis Coquillett, 1897.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Hilarella aristalis Coquillett, 1897, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Oebalia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863 [teste Pape (1996: 119)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
924. Oestrohystricia Townsend, 1912f: 332.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Oestrohystricia subalpina Townsend, 1912.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Oestrohystricia subalpina Townsend, 1912, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 69)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
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191
CHARLES HENRY TYLER TOWNSEND
925. Oestrophasiana Townsend, 1931d: 320.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Dictya uncana Fabricius, 1805.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Dictya uncana Fabricius, 1805, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Oestrophasia Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889 [teste Guimarães (1977: 220)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
926. Oestroplagia Townsend, 1919b: 566.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Oestroplagia petiolata Townsend, 1919.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Oestroplagia petiolata Townsend, 1919, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Hesperomyia Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004:
182)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
927. Oestropsis Townsend, 1912f: 355.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Oestropsis viridis Townsend, 1912.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Oestropsis viridis Townsend, 1912, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Preoccupied by Brauer, 1868; Smith, 1868; senior (but invalid) synonym of Euoestropsis
Townsend, 1913 [teste Guimarães (1971: 25)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
928. Oestrosomomyia Townsend, 1933a: 443.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Miltogramma globularis Meigen, 1824.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Miltogramma globularis Meigen, 1824, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Pape (1996: 156)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
929. Okanagania Townsend, 1915k: 289.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Okanagania hirta Townsend, 1915.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Okanagania hirta Townsend, 1915, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Panzeria Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 244)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
930. Okea Townsend, 1916k: 74.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Winthemia okefenokeensis Smith, 1916.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Winthemia okefenokeensis Smith, 1916, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Winthemia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 205)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
931. Okeopsis Townsend, 1927a: 267.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Okeopsis palpalis Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Okeopsis palpalis Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Winthemia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1820 [teste Guimarães (1971: 196)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
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932. Olenochaeta Townsend, 1892n: 114 [1892o: 138].
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Olenochaeta kansensis Townsend, 1892.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Olenochaeta kansensis Townsend, 1892, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Distichona Wulp, 1890 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 170)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Olenochaeta was made available in two papers issued simultaneously in the June issue of the
Transactions of the American Entomological Society. Although page precedence is not regulated in the
ICZN Code, most workers give the original citation for this nominal genus as dating from the full
description of it in Townsend (1892n: 114) rather than from Townsend (1892o: 138), in which characters
to differentiate it are given in the key to genera.
933. Oligolydella Townsend, 1927a: 275.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Oligolydella fulvipes Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Oligolydella fulvipes Townsend, 1927 [preoccupied by Neommasicera fulvipes Townsend, 1927; =
Redtenbacheria brasiliensis Schiner, 1868], by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Pseudoredtenbacheria Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889 [teste Wood (1985:
79)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Guimarães (1971: 147) failed to list this nominal genus in his catalog but placed its type species in
synonymy with the type species of Pseudoredtenbacheria Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889. Wood (1985:
79) explicitly placed both Oligolydella Townsend, 1927 and Neommasicera Townsend, 1927 in synonymy
with Pseudoredtenbacheria Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889, the treatment of which we follow here.
934. Oligooestrus Townsend, 1932d: 1.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Oligooestrus oestroideus Townsend, 1932.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Oligooestrus oestroideus Townsend, 1932, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 216)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
935. Olindopsis Townsend, 1927a: 274.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Olindopsis andinensis Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Olindopsis andinensis Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Calolydella Townsend, 1927 [teste Wood (1985: 28)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
936. Ollachactia Townsend, 1927a: 262.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Ollachactia mucronata Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Ollachactia mucronata Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 143)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
937. Ollachea Townsend, 1919b: 576.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Ollachea elongata Townsend, 1919.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Ollachea elongata Townsend, 1919, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 143)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
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193
CHARLES HENRY TYLER TOWNSEND
938. Ollacheryphe Townsend, 1927a: 256.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Ollacheryphe facialis Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Ollacheryphe facialis Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 88)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
939. Ommaleskia Townsend, 1917c: 227.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Ommaleskia fumosa Townsend, 1917.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Ommaleskia fumosa Townsend, 1917, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Calodexia Wulp, 1891 [teste Wood (1985: 25)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
940. Ommasicera Townsend, 1911a: 145.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Ommasicera chaetosa Townsend, 1911.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Ommasicera chaetosa Townsend, 1911, by monotypy.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 204; as “Oomasicera”)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Guimarães (1971: 204) gave the method of type fixation as by original designation (as “gen., sp. n.”),
but this is incorrect. The ICZN Code Article 68.2.1 allows such a phraseology to be an original designation
only if it is applied to one of two or more originally included species. In this case, there is only one
included species, thus the type fixation is by monotypy.
[Oncodes] Townsend, 1895e: 608.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Incorrect subsequent spelling of Ogcodes Latreille, 1797 or subsequent usage of Oncodes
Meigen, 1822.
F
AMILY
: ACROCERIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: The earliest mention of the nominal genus Ogcodes Latreille, 1797 using the spelling “Oncodes” is
Oncodes Meigen (1822: 99), as an unjustified emendation.
941. Oomeigenia Townsend, 1915n: 434 (as “Oömeigenia”).
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Oomeigenia chosica Townsend, 1915.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Oomeigenia chosica Townsend, 1915, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Euhalidaya Walton, 1914 [teste Wood (1985: 45)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
942. Opelousia Townsend, 1919b: 547.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Opelousia obscura Townsend, 1919.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Opelousia obscura Townsend, 1919, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Angioneura Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1893 (subgenus of Melanomya
Rondani, 1856) [teste Downes (1965: 932)].
F
AMILY
: CALLIPHORIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Originally proposed as a full genus.
943. Ophirion Townsend, 1911a: 134.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Ophirion mirabile Townsend, 1911.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Ophirion mirabile Townsend, 1911, by monotypy.
EVENHUIS ET AL.
194
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C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 122)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Guimarães (1971: 122) gave the method of type fixation as by original designation (as “gen., sp. n.”),
but this is incorrect. The ICZN Code Article 68.2.1 allows such a phraseology to be an original designation
only if it is applied to one of two or more originally included species. In this case, there is only one
included species, thus the type fixation is by monotypy.
944. Ophirionopsis Townsend, 1927a: 217.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Ophirionopsis brasiliensis Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Ophirionopsis brasiliensis Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Ophirion Townsend, 1911 [teste Wood (1985: 67)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
945. Ophirodexia Townsend, 1911a: 134.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Ophirodexia pulchra Townsend, 1911.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Ophirodexia pulchra Townsend, 1911, by monotypy.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 101)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Guimarães (1971: 210) gave the method of type fixation as by original designation (as “gen., sp. n.”),
but this is incorrect. The ICZN Code Article 68.2.1 allows such a phraseology to be an original designation
only if it is applied to one of two or more originally included species. In this case, there is only one
included species, thus the type fixation is by monotypy.
946. Ophirosturmia Townsend, 1911a: 133.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Ophirosturmia cincta Townsend, 1911.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Ophirosturmia cincta Townsend, 1911, by monotypy.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 210)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Guimarães (1971: 101) gave the method of type fixation as by original designation (as “gen., sp. n.”),
but this is incorrect. The ICZN Code Article 68.2.1 allows such a phraseology to be an original designation
only if it is applied to one of two or more originally included species. In this case, there is only one
included species, thus the type fixation is by monotypy.
[Oposophyopsis] Townsend, 1931a: 72.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Incorrect subsequent spelling of Opsophytopsis Townsend, 1918.
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Criteria to make this name available as an emendation were not found to be fulfilled in this work.
947. Oppiopsis Townsend, 1915b: 20.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Brachycoma sheldoni Coquillett, 1898.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Brachycoma sheldoni Coquillett, 1898, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Neophyto Townsend, 1895 (subgenus of Lepidodexia Brauer &
Bergenstamm, 1891) [teste Pape (1996: 239)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Originally proposed as a full genus.
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195
CHARLES HENRY TYLER TOWNSEND
948. Opsidiopsis Townsend, 1919b: 544.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Opsidiopsis oblata Townsend, 1919.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Opsidiopsis oblata Townsend, 1919, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Opsidia Coquillett, 1895 [teste Pape (1996: 121)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
949. Opsocyptera Townsend, 1927e: 284 [1928a: 370].
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Opsocyptera optima Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Opsocyptera optima Townsend, 1927 [= Ocyptera fuscipennis Wiedemann, 1830], by original
designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Cylindromyia Meigen, 1803 [teste Crosskey (1977b: 592)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
950. Opsodexia Townsend, 1915b: 20.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Chaetona bicolor Coquillett, 1899.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Chaetona bicolor Coquillett, 1899, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid subgenus of Melanomya Rondani, 1856 [teste Downes (1965: 932)].
F
AMILY
: CALLIPHORIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Originally proposed as a full genus.
951. Opsodexiopsis Townsend, 1935b: 69.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Opsodexia abdominalis Reinhard, 1929.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Opsodexia abdominalis Reinhard, 1929, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Melanomya Rondani, 1856 [teste Poole (1996: 79)].
F
AMILY
: CALLIPHORIDAE.
952. Opsoempheria Townsend, 1927a: 249.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Opsoempheria atra Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Opsoempheria atra Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 69)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
953. Opsoleskia Townsend, 1919b: 565.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Opsoleskia flava Townsend, 1919.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Opsoleskia flava Townsend, 1919, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Ophirion Townsend, 1911 [teste Wood (1985: 67)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
954. Opsomeigenia Townsend, 1919b: 577.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Hypostena pusilla Coquillett, 1895.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Hypostena pusilla Coquillett, 1895, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 101)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
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955. Opsophana Townsend, 1916i: 273.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Masicera rufifacies Macquart, 1847.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Masicera rufifacies Macquart, 1847, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Anagonia Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891 [teste Cantrell & Crosskey (1989:
765)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
956. Opsophasiops Townsend, 1915b: 22.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Myiophasia flava Coquillett, 1900.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Myiophasia flava Coquillett, 1900, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Palpostoma Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste Cantrell & Crosskey (1989:
748)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
957. Opsophasiopteryx Townsend, 1917c: 222.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Opsophasiopteryx mima Townsend, 1917.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Opsophasiopteryx mima Townsend, 1917, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 21)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
[Opsophyopsis] Townsend, 1918a: 163.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Incorrect original spelling of Opsophytopsis Townsend, 1918 [teste Townsend (1935f: 178)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
958. Opsophyto Townsend, 1915b: 23.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Sarcophaga opifera Coquillett, 1892.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Sarcophaga opifera Coquillett, 1892, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Blaesoxipha Loew, 1861 [teste Pape (1996: 187)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
959. Opsophytopsis Townsend, 1918a: 163.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Opsophytopsis insularis Townsend, 1918.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Opsophytopsis insularis Townsend, 1918, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Acridiophaga Townsend, 1917 (subgenus of Blaesoxipha Loew, 1861)
[teste Pape (1996: 184)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Originally published as a full genus. There are two original spellings of this nominal genus in
Townsend (1918a): Opsophyopsis (page 163) and Opsophytopsis (page 163). By subsequent usage of the
author (ICZN Code Article 24.2.4), Townsend (1935f: 178) acted as First Reviser and selected
Opsophytopsis as the correct original spelling.
960. Opsosturmia Townsend, 1927a: 277.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Opsosturmia tarsalis Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Opsosturmia tarsalis Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 191)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
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CHARLES HENRY TYLER TOWNSEND
961. Opsotheresia Townsend, 1919b: 552.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Opsotheresia obesa Townsend, 1919.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Opsotheresia obesa Townsend, 1919, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 30)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
962. Opsozelia Townsend, 1919b: 557.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Opsozelia discalis Townsend, 1919.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Opsozelia discalis Townsend, 1919, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 101)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Guimarães (1971: 101) gave the taxonomically valid type species as Musca lateralis Fabricius, 1805,
but failed to note that the name is preoccupied by Musca lateralis Linnaeus, 1758. Opsozelia discalis
Townsend, 1919 is the next available name for Musca lateralis Fabricius, 1805.
963. Opticopteryx Townsend, 1931e: 455.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Opticopteryx alpina Townsend, 1931.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Opticopteryx alpina Townsend, 1931, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 84)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
964. Oreophyto Townsend, 1916m: 302.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Oreophyto ochreicornis Townsend, 1916.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Oreophyto ochreicornis Townsend, 1916, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Ateloglossa Coquillett, 1899 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 20)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
965. Organomyia Townsend, 1915u: 232.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Organomyia frontalis Townsend, 1915.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Organomyia frontalis Townsend, 1915, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Mystacella Wulp, 1890 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 190)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
966. Orientodoria Townsend, 1933a: 477.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Tachina orientalis Wiedemann, 1830.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Tachina orientalis Wiedemann, 1830, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Prosopodopsis Townsend, 1926 [teste Crosskey (1977b: 693)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
967. Orilliopsis Townsend, 1928a: 396.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Orilliopsis orientalis Townsend, 1928.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Orilliopsis orientalis Townsend, 1928, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Ocypteromima Townsend, 1916 [teste Crosskey (1977b: 629)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
968. Ormiophasia Townsend, 1919a: 164.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Ormiophasia busckii Townsend, 1919.
EVENHUIS ET AL.
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T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Ormiophasia busckii Townsend, 1919, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 22)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
969. Ornithomusca Townsend, 1916j: 45.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Ornithomusca victoria Townsend, 1916.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Ornithomusca victoria Townsend, 1916 [= Morellia indecora Walker, 1858], by original
designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Passeromyia Rodhain & Villeneuve, 1915 [teste Pont (1989: 676)].
F
AMILY
: MUSCIDAE.
[Ornithomyia] Townsend, 1908a: 43.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Incorrect subsequent spelling of Ornithomya Latreille, 1802 or subsequent usage of
Ornithomyia Macquart, 1835.
F
AMILY
: HIPPOBOSCIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: The earliest mention of the nominal genus Ornithomya Latreille, 1802 using the spelling “Ornithomyia”
that we have found is Ornithomyia Macquart (1835: 641), as an unjustified emendation [teste O’Hara et al.
(2011: 133)].
970. Orobrachycoma Townsend, 1927a: 230.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Orobrachycoma ornata Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Orobrachycoma ornata Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid subgenus of Lepidodexia Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891 [teste Pape (1996: 64)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Originally proposed as a full genus.
971. Orodexia Townsend, 1927a: 227.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Orodexia ornata Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Orodexia ornata Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid subgenus of Lepidodexia Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891 [teste Pape (1996: 64)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Originally proposed as a full genus.
972. Orohoughia Townsend, 1934f: 403.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Orohoughia aurata Townsend, 1934.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Orohoughia aurata Townsend, 1934, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Houghia Coquillett, 1897 [teste Fleming et al. (2014: 10)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
973. Oromasiphya Townsend, 1927a: 249.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Oromasiphya ornata Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Oromasiphya ornata Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 199)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
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199
CHARLES HENRY TYLER TOWNSEND
974. Orophorocera Townsend, 1927a: 267.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Orophorocera ocellaris Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Orophorocera ocellaris Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Eucelatoria Townsend, 1909 [teste Wood (1985: 40)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
975. Orosarcophaga Townsend, 1927a: 231.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Orosarcophaga ornata Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Orosarcophaga ornata Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid subgenus of Lepidodexia Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891 [teste Pape (1996: 64)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Originally proposed as a full genus.
976. Orthaporia Townsend, 1919a: 167.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Orthaporia similis Townsend, 1919.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Orthaporia similis Townsend, 1919 [= Dexia longa Walker, 1852], by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Uramya Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste Guimarães (1980: 193)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
977. Ossidingia Townsend, 1919a: 179.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Ossidingia ornata Townsend, 1919.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Ossidingia ornata Townsend, 1919 [= Tachina cruciata Wiedemann, 1830], by original
designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Crosskey (1984: 201)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
978. Ostracophyto Townsend, 1915u: 228.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Ostracophyto aristalis Townsend, 1915.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Ostracophyto aristalis Townsend, 1915, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 295)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
[Othellia] Townsend, 1914g: 162.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Incorrect subsequent spelling of Orthellia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863.
F
AMILY
: MUSCIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Criteria to make this name available as an emendation were not found to be fulfilled in this work.
979. Otomasicera Townsend, 1912c: 113.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Otomasicera patella Townsend, 1912.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Otomasicera patella Townsend, 1912, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 193)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
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980. Oxapampoepalpus Townsend, 1931e: 441.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Oxapampoepalpus auroanalis Townsend, 1931.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Oxapampoepalpus auroanalis Townsend, 1931, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Parepalpus Coquillett, 1902 [teste Guimarães (1971: 69)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
981. Oxexorista Townsend, 1912d: 165.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Exorista eudryae Townsend, 1892.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Exorista eudryae Townsend, 1892, by original designation
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Sisyropa Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 139)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
982. Oxyaporia Townsend, 1919a: 170.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Gymnostylia ornata Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Gymnostylia ornata Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 143)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
983. Oxydexiops Townsend, 1927e: 289 [1928a: 375].
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Oxydexiops uramyoides Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Oxydexiops uramyoides Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Urodexia Osten Sacken, 1882 [teste O’Hara et al. (2009: 56)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
984. Oxydosphyria Townsend, 1926a: 40.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Oxydosphyria infernalis Townsend, 1926.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Oxydosphyria infernalis Townsend, 1926 [= Tachina iterans Walker, 1849], by original
designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid subgenus of Peleteria Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 317)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Originally proposed as a full genus.
985. Oxyepalpus Townsend, 1927a: 253.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Oxyepalpus brasiliensis Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Oxyepalpus brasiliensis Townsend, 1927 [= Epalpus flavoscutellatus Bischof, 1904], by original
designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 69)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Guimarães (1971: 69) erred in stating the type species as Epalpus flavoscutellatus Bischof, 1904, by
original designation
986. Oxynops Townsend, 1912c: 110.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Oxynops serratus Townsend, 1912.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Oxynops serratus Townsend, 1912 [= Degeeria anthracina Bigot, 1889], by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 103)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
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CHARLES HENRY TYLER TOWNSEND
987. Oxynopsis Townsend, 1927a: 270.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Oxynopsis brasiliensis Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Oxynopsis brasiliensis Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Myiopharus Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889 [teste Wood (1985: 61)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
988. Oxyophirion Townsend, 1927a: 270.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Oxyophirion punctigerum Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Oxyophirion punctigerum Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Ophirion Townsend, 1911 [teste Wood (1985: 67)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
989. Oxyrutilia Townsend, 1926d: 30.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Oxyrutilia jacobsoni Townsend, 1926.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Oxyrutilia jacobsoni Townsend, 1926 [= Rutilia angusticarinata Macquart, 1848], by original
designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Nemoraea Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste Crosskey (1977b: 625)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
990. Oxysarcodexia Townsend, 1917i: 191.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Sarcophaga peltata Aldrich, 1916.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Sarcophaga peltata Aldrich, 1916, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Pape (1996: 262)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
991. Pachygraphiops Townsend, 1934c: 204.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Pachygraphiops pacta Townsend, 1934.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Pachygraphiops pacta Townsend, 1934, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Harpagopyga Aldrich, 1916 (subgenus of Lepidodexia Brauer &
Bergenstamm, 1891) [teste Pape (1996: 234)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Originally described as a full genus.
992. Pachynocera Townsend, 1919b: 585.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Pachynocera petiolata Townsend, 1919.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Pachynocera petiolata Townsend, 1919, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 92)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
[Pachyophthalma] Townsend, 1891m: 354.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Incorrect subsequent spelling of Pachyophthalmus Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889.
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Criteria to make this name available as an emendation were not found to be fulfilled in this work.
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[Pachyrrhina] Townsend, 1892p: 151.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Incorrect subsequent spelling of Pachyrhina Macquart, 1834 or subsequent usage of
Pachyrrhina Osten Sacken, 1881.
F
AMILY
: TIPULIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: The earliest mention of the nominal genus Pachyrhina Macquart, 1834 using the spelling
“Pachyrrhina” is Pachyrrhina Osten Sacken (1881: 399), as an unjustified emendation, n. syn.
993. Pachysoma Townsend, 1931c: 379.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Wohlfahrtiodes nudus Villeneuve, 1910 (as “Pachysoma nudum Vill.”).
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Wohlfahrtiodes nudus Villeneuve, 1910 (as “Pachysoma nudum Vill.”), by monotypy.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Preoccupied by Macleay, 1821; Geoffroy, 1828; de Haan, 1835; Kölliker, 1853; Claus, 1862:
Mingazzini, 1891; Szépligheti, 1916; junior synonym of Wohlfahrtiodes Villeneuve, 1910 [teste Pape
(1996: 173).
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
994. Paleostomoxys Townsend, 1921a: 133.†
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Paleostomoxys giebelii Townsend, 1921.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Paleostomoxys giebelii Townsend, 1921, by monotypy.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Evenhuis (1994: 459)].
F
AMILY
: MUSCIDAE.
995. Paleotachina Townsend, 1921a: 134.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Paleotachina smithii Townsend, 1921.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Paleotachina smithii Townsend, 1921 [= Spilogaster gigas Stein, 1906], by monotypy.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Aethiopomyia Malloch, 1921 [teste O’Hara et al. (2013: 30)].
F
AMILY
: MUSCIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Evenhuis (1994: 467; as “Palaeotachina”) gave the method of type fixation for Paleotachina
Townsend, 1921 as by original designation, but this is incorrect. A check of the original work showed no
evidence of an original type designation. Thus, because there is only one included species, the type
fixation for Paleotachina is Paleotachina smithii Townsend, 1921, by monotypy. Townsend (1938c)
originally followed Smith (1868) in thinking this specimen was of Baltic origin. Grimaldi et al. (1994)
showed that it was of African copal origin, thus not truly fossil. Townsend (1938c) placed this nominal
genus in Tachinidae. Recent examination of the copal specimen has shown it to not belong to Tachinidae
but to the muscid genus Aethiopomyia Malloch, 1921 where it is synonymous with Aethiopomyia gigas
(Stein, 1906) (O’Hara et al., 2013).
996. Palexorista Townsend, 1921a: 134.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Tachina succini Giebel, 1862 (as “Tichina succini Giebel”).
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Tachina succini Giebel, 1862 (as “Tichina succini Giebel”), by monotypy.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid subgenus of Drino Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863 [teste O’Hara et al. (2009: 67)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Originally proposed as a full genus. Previous catalogs [e.g., Cantrell & Crosskey (1989: 778); Evenhuis
(1994: 467); O’Hara et al. (2009: 67)] gave the method of type fixation for Palexorista Townsend, 1921 as
by original designation, but this is incorrect. Townsend (1921a: 132) stated “Proposed for Tichina succini
Giebel (1862)”, which is not an explicit designation of that species as the type [see Evenhuis & Thompson
(1990) and Sabrosky (1999) for more details]. Thus, because there is only one included species, the type
fixation for Palexorista is Tachina succini Giebel, 1862, by monotypy.
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CHARLES HENRY TYLER TOWNSEND
997. Palpexorista Townsend, 1926a: 28.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Palpexorista phoroceroides Townsend, 1926.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Palpexorista phoroceroides Townsend, 1926 [= Phorocera imitator Aldrich & Webber, 1924], by
original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Austrophorocera Townsend, 1916 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 142)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
998. Palpocyptera Townsend, 1927e: 283 [1928a: 369].
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Palpocyptera pulchra Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Palpocyptera pulchra Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Lophosia Meigen, 1824 [teste O’Hara et al. (2009: 128)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
999. Palpolinnaemyia Townsend, 1927a: 238.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Palpolinnaemyia perorbitalis Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Palpolinnaemyia perorbitalis Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 79)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1000. Palpostomotrixa Townsend, 1927d: 277.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Palpostomotrixa paradoxa Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Palpostomotrixa paradoxa Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Eutrixopsis Townsend, 1919 [teste Crosskey (1977b: 609)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1001. Palpotachina Townsend, 1915u: 229.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Palpotachina similis Townsend, 1915.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Palpotachina similis Townsend, 1915, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 59)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1002. Palpozenillia Townsend, 1934f: 404.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Zenillia palpalis Aldrich, 1932.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Zenillia palpalis Aldrich, 1932, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 211)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1003. Panacemyia Townsend, 1919a: 164.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Panacemyia panamensis Townsend, 1919.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Panacemyia panamensis Townsend, 1919, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Trigonospila Pokorny, 1886 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 108)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
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1004. Panamaphyto Townsend, 1931d: 314.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Miltogramma biseta Thomson, 1869.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Miltogramma biseta Thomson, 1869 [= Sarcophaga inoa Walker, 1849], by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Galopagomyia Bischof, 1904 [teste Pape (1996: 163)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
1005. Panzeriopsis Townsend, 1915k: 290.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Panzeriopsis curriei Townsend, 1915.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Panzeriopsis curriei Townsend, 1915, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid subgenus of Peleteria Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 318)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Originally proposed as a full genus.
1006. Parabrachelia Townsend, 1916i: 159.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Masicera rufipes Macquart, 1847.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Masicera rufipes Macquart, 1847 [= Myobia tenuisetosa Macquart, 1847], by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Aprotheca Macquart, 1851 [teste Cantrell & Crosskey (1989: 782)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1007. Paracalliphora Townsend, 1916i: 151.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Calliphora oceaniae Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830; Calliphora tibialis Macquart,
1846; Calliphora rufipes Macquart, 1843.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Calliphora oceaniae Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [= Musca augur Fabricius, 1775], by original
designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid subgenus of Calliphora Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste Kurahashi (1989: 704)].
F
AMILY
: CALLIPHORIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Originally proposed as a full genus.
1008. Paractinochaeta Townsend, 1934f: 393.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Thelairodes carlosalbertoi Lima, 1926.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Thelairodes carlosalbertoi Lima, 1926, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Actinochaeta Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889 [teste Guimarães (1971: 113)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1009. Parademoticus Townsend, 1916b: 629.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Demoticus piperi Coquillett, 1897.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Demoticus piperi Coquillett, 1897, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Solieria Robineau-Desvoidy, 1849 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 264)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1010. Paradexodes Townsend, 1908a: 101.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Paradexodes aurifrons Townsend, 1908; Paradexodes albifacies Townsend,
1908.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Paradexodes aurifrons Townsend, 1908, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Oswaldia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 102)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
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CHARLES HENRY TYLER TOWNSEND
1011. Paradionaea Townsend, 1916b: 631.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Leucostoma atra Townsend, 1916.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Leucostoma atra Townsend, 1916 [= Ocyptera simplex Fallén, 1815], by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Leucostoma Meigen, 1803 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 224)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1012. Parodomyiops Townsend, 1935c: 221.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Parodomyiops thelairodops Townsend, 1935.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Parodomyiops thelairodops Townsend, 1935, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 94)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1013. Parafeburia Townsend, 1933a: 446.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Ocyptera maculata Fallén, 1815.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Ocyptera maculata Fallén, 1815, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Paykullia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste Herting (1993: 115)].
F
AMILY
: RHINOPHORIDAE.
1014. Parafischeria Townsend, 1908a: 74 [1908c: 380].
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Drepanoglossa venatoris Coquillett, 1895 (as “Demoticus venatoris Coquillett”).
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Drepanoglossa venatoris Coquillett, 1895 (as “Demoticus venatoris Coquillett”) [= Masicera
eucerata Bigot, 1889], by monotypy.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Solieria Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 264)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Although O’Hara & Wood (2004: 264) correctly indicated the method of type-species fixation as by
monotypy, Sabrosky & Arnaud (1965: 1011) incorrectly gave the type-species fixation for Parafischeria
Townsend, 1908 as by original designation. Townsend (1908a: 74) stated “This genus is proposed for the
type of Demoticus venatorius Coquillett”, which is not an explicit designation of that species as the type
[see Evenhuis & Thompson (1990) and Sabrosky (1999) for more details]. Thus, because there is only one
included species, the type fixation for Parafischeria is Demoticus venatorius Coquillett, 1895, by
monotypy
1015. Paragermaria Townsend, 1909b: 247.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Paragermaria autumnalis Townsend, 1909.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Paragermaria autumnalis Townsend, 1909, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Distichona Wulp, 1890 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 170)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1016. Paragymnochaeta Townsend, 1915b: 21.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Eugymnochaeta equatorialis Townsend, 1912.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Eugymnochaeta equatorialis Townsend, 1912, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Chrysotachina Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889 [teste Guimarães (1971: 81)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
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1017. Parajurinia Townsend, 1928b: 153.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Parajurinia obesa Townsend, 1928.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Parajurinia obesa Townsend, 1928, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 59)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1018. Paralispidea Townsend, 1915b: 20.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Admontia unispinosa Coquillett, 1898.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Admontia unispinosa Coquillett, 1898, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Eulasiona Townsend, 1892 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 55)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1019. Parameigenia Townsend, 1919b: 576.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Paradexodes albifacies Townsend, 1908.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Paradexodes albifacies Townsend, 1908, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Oswaldia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 102)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1020. Parametopia Townsend, 1916b: 619.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Parametopia morrisoni Townsend, 1916 [with “Metopia leucocephala
Coquillett, Rev. Tach., 1897, p. 127, part (not Musca leucocephala Rossi, Fauna Etr., vol. 2, 1790, p.
306)” in synonymy].
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Parametopia morrisoni Townsend, 1916 [= Degeeria lateralis Macquart, 1848], by original
designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Preoccupied by Reitter, 1884; junior synonym of Metopia Meigen, 1803 [teste Pape (1996:
97)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
1021. Paramuscopteryx Townsend, 1915u: 218.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Paramuscopteryx genalis Townsend, 1915.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Paramuscopteryx genalis Townsend, 1915, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Eulasiona Townsend, 1892 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 55)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1022. Paramyocera Townsend, 1915n: 405.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Paramyocera discalis Townsend, 1915.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Paramyocera discalis Townsend, 1915, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Rhamphinina Bigot, 1885 [teste Guimarães (1971: 34)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1023. Paranaphora Townsend, 1908a: 72.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Paranaphora diademoides Townsend, 1908 (with “Ervia triquetra of Mr.
Coquillett’s Revision of the Tachinidae (1897), page 66”) in synonymy.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Paranaphora diademoides Townsend, 1908 [= Ocyptera triquetra Olivier, 1812], by original
designation.
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CHARLES HENRY TYLER TOWNSEND
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Icelia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 256)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1024. Paranetia Townsend, 1927a: 277.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Paranetia punctata Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Paranetia punctata Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Lixophaga Townsend, 1908 [teste Wood (1985: 51)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1025. Paraphasia Townsend, 1915b: 20.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Alophora fenestrata Bigot, 1888.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Alophora fenestrata Bigot, 1888, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Phasia Latreille, 1804 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 227)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1026. Paraphasiana Townsend, 1940b: 889.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Paraphasiana dysderci Townsend, 1940.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Paraphasiana dysderci Townsend, 1940, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Phasia Latreille, 1804 [teste Sun & Marshall (2003: 19)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1027. Paraphasiopsis Townsend, 1917c: 232.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Paraphasiopsis mellicornis Townsend, 1917.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Paraphasiopsis mellicornis Townsend, 1917, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 199)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1028. Paraphasmophaga Townsend, 1915u: 223.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Paraphasmophaga clavis Townsend, 1915.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Paraphasmophaga clavis Townsend, 1915, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 193)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1029. Paraphorantha Townsend, 1915b: 20.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Alophora grandis Coquillett, 1897.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Alophora grandis Coquillett, 1897, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Phasia Latreille, 1804 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 227)]
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1030. Paraphrissopoda Townsend, 1915s: 118.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Peckia lamanensis Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Peckia lamanensis Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [= Musca gulo Fabricius, 1805], by original
designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Peckia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste Buenaventura & Pape (2013: 43)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
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1031. Paraphryno Townsend, 1933a: 469.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Tachina vetula Meigen, 1824.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Tachina vetula Meigen, 1824, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Phryno Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste O’Hara et al. (2009: 114)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1032. Paraporia Townsend, 1912a: 48.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Aporia quadrimaculata Macquart, 1846.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Aporia quadrimaculata Macquart, 1846, automatic [by designation of the same species (automatic)
for Neaporia Townsend, 1908].
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: New replacement name for Neaporia Townsend, 1908; junior synonym of Uramya Robineau-
Desvoidy, 1830 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 50)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1033. Paraprospherysa Townsend, 1927a: 280.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Paraprospherysa fumipennis Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Paraprospherysa fumipennis Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Lixophaga Townsend, 1908 [teste Wood (1985: 52)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1034. Parapsalida Townsend, 1916b: 632.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Phyto nigricornis Townsend, 1892.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Phyto nigricornis Townsend, 1892 [= Leucostoma gravipes Wulp, 1890], by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Leucostoma Meigen, 1803 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 224)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1035. Parapyrellia Townsend, 1915q: 97.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Musca violacea Fabricius, 1805.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Musca violacea Fabricius, 1805 sensu Townsend, 1915 [preoccupied by Musca violacea Scopoli,
1763; misidentification; = Pyrellia maculipennis Macquart, 1843], by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid subgenus of Morellia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste Nihei & Carvalho (2007: 528)].
F
AMILY
: MUSCIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Originally described as a full genus.
1036. Pararrhinactia Townsend, 1935c: 232.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Pararrhinactia parva Townsend, 1935.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Pararrhinactia parva Townsend, 1935, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Houghia Coquillett, 1897 [teste Fleming et al. (2014: 10)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1037. Parasarcodexia Townsend, 1917i: 192, 195.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Sarcophaga parkeri Aldrich, 1916.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Sarcophaga parkeri Aldrich, 1916, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Boettcheria Parker, 1914 [teste Pape (1996: 212)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
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CHARLES HENRY TYLER TOWNSEND
1038. Paratactopsis Townsend, 1917c: 230.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Paratactopsis setosa Townsend, 1917.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Paratactopsis setosa Townsend, 1917 [= Choeteprosopa cyanea Macquart, 1851], by original
designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Choeteprosopa Macquart, 1851 [teste Guimarães (1971: 183)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1039. Parathelaira Townsend, 1919b: 558.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Parathelaira panamensis Townsend, 1919.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Parathelaira panamensis Townsend, 1919, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Calodexia Wulp, 1891 [teste Wood (1985: 25)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1040. Paratheresia Townsend, 1915d: 65.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Paratheresia signifera Townsend, 1912.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Paratheresia signifera Townsend, 1912 [= Sarcophaga claripalpis Wulp, 1895], by original
designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Billaea Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 22)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1041. Parazelia Townsend, 1919b: 556.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Parazelia pulchra Townsend, 1919.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Parazelia pulchra Townsend, 1919, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Preoccupied by Bigot, 1882; senior (but invalid) synonym of Cesapanama Koçak & Kemal,
2010 [teste Koçak & Kemal (2010: 158)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1042. Parechinotachina Townsend, 1931d: 353.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Dejeania plumitarsis Wulp, 1886.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Dejeania plumitarsis Wulp, 1886, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 59)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1043. Parepalpodes Townsend, 1915n: 428.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Parepalpodes rimacensis Townsend, 1915.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Parepalpodes rimacensis Townsend, 1915, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Trichoporia Macquart, 1847 [teste Guimarães (1971: 72)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1044. Pareupogona Townsend, 1916i: 157.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Masicera oblonga Macquart, 1847.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Masicera oblonga Macquart, 1847, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Cantrell & Crosskey (1989: 767)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
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1045. Parkerella Townsend, 1942a: 149.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Parkerella parva Townsend, 1942.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Parkerella parva Townsend, 1942, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Triarthria Stephens, 1829 [teste O’Hara (1996: 16)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1046. Parodomyia Townsend, 1917c: 225.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Parodomyia paradoxica Townsend, 1917.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Parodomyia paradoxica Townsend, 1917, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Thelairodes Wulp, 1891 [teste Guimarães (1971: 95)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1047. Parthenoleskia Townsend, 1941b: 339.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Parthenoleskia parkeri Townsend, 1941.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Parthenoleskia parkeri Townsend, 1941, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 118)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1048. Patelloa Townsend, 1916b: 619.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Phorocera leucaniae Coquillett, 1897.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Phorocera leucaniae Coquillett, 1897, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 193)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1049. Patelloapsis Townsend, 1927a: 263.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Patelloapsis similis Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Patelloapsis similis Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Patelloa Townsend, 1916 [teste Guimarães (1971: 211)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
[Pegomyia] Townsend, 1892x: 293.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Incorrect subsequent spelling of Pegomya Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 or subsequent usage of
Pegomyia Curtis, 1837.
F
AMILY
: ANTHOMYIIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: The earliest mention of the nominal genus of Pegomya Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 we have found using
the spelling “Pegomyia” is Pegomyia Curtis (1837: pl. 264), as an unjustified emendation [teste Evenhuis
et al. (2010b: 128)].
1050. Pelecotheca Townsend, 1919a: 168.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Pelecotheca panamensis Townsend, 1919.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Pelecotheca panamensis Townsend, 1919, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 156)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
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CHARLES HENRY TYLER TOWNSEND
1051. Peleteriopsis Townsend, 1916b: 630.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Echinomyia flaviventris Wulp, 1888; Peleteriopsis tegulata Townsend, 1916.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Echinomyia flaviventris Wulp, 1888, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Peleteria Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 319)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1052. Peltopyga Townsend, 1917i: 191.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Sarcophaga celerata Aldrich, 1916.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Sarcophaga celerata Aldrich, 1916, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Fletcherimyia Townsend, 1917 [teste Pape (1996: 224)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
1053. Pennapoda Townsend, 1897i: 282.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Trichopoda phasiana Townsend, 1897.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Trichopoda phasiana Townsend, 1897, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 8)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Originally described as a subgenus of Trichopoda Berthold, 1827.
1054. Penthosiosoma Townsend, 1926b: 538.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Penthosiosoma pictipennis Townsend, 1926.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Penthosiosoma pictipennis Townsend, 1926, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Crosskey (1977b: 597)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1055. Peracroglossa Townsend, 1931e: 468.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Peracroglossa peruviana Townsend, 1931.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Peracroglossa peruviana Townsend, 1931, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 177)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1056. Periopticochaeta Townsend, 1927a: 245.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Periopticochaeta pendula Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Periopticochaeta pendula Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 79)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1057. Perua Townsend, 1912f: 364.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Perua cuzcana Townsend, 1912.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Perua cuzcana Townsend, 1912, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Microphthalma Macquart, 1843 [teste Guimarães (1971: 24)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
EVENHUIS ET AL.
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1058. Petrargyrops Townsend, 1927a: 275.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Petrargyrops punctiger Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Petrargyrops punctiger Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Houghia Coquillett, 1897 [teste Fleming et al. (2014: 9)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1059. Petrosarcophaga Townsend, 1919b: 543.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Petrosarcophaga arizonica Townsend, 1919.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Petrosarcophaga arizonica Townsend, 1919 [= Sarcophaga bishoppi Aldrich, 1916], by original
designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Wohlfahrtiopsis Townsend, 1917 (subgenus of Sarcophaga Meigen, 1826)
[teste Pape (1996: 416)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Originally proposed as a full genus. The status of the taxonomically valid type species of
Petrosarcophaga Townsend, 1919 is equivocal in Pape (1996: 414). Under the genus Petrosarcophaga, P.
arizonica is listed as a junior synonym of Sarcophaga bishoppi Aldrich, 1916. However, in the listing of
species in the subgenus Wohlfahrtiopsis, arizonica is listed as a taxonomically valid species.
1060. Phaenopsis Townsend, 1912f: 362.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Phaenopsis arabella Townsend, 1912.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Phaenopsis arabella Townsend, 1912, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid subgenus of Pseudachaeta Coquillett, 1895 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 197)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Originally proposed as a full genus.
1061. Phalacrodexia Townsend, 1915b: 21.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Chaetona flavipennis Coquillett, 1902.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Chaetona flavipennis Coquillett, 1902, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Opsodexia Townsend, 1915 (subgenus of Melanomya Rondani, 1861) [teste
Downes (1965: 932)].
F
AMILY
: CALLIPHORIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Originally proposed as a full genus.
1062. Phalacrophyto Townsend, 1915b: 23.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Paraphyto sarcophagina Coquillett, 1902.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Paraphyto sarcophagina Coquillett, 1902, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 31)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1063. Phantasiomyia Townsend, 1915u: 225.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Phantasiomyia gracilis Townsend, 1915.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Phantasiomyia gracilis Townsend, 1915, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 264)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
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213
CHARLES HENRY TYLER TOWNSEND
1064. Phantasiosiphona Townsend, 1915q: 93.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Phantasiosiphona tropica Townsend, 1915.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Phantasiosiphona tropica Townsend, 1915, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Siphona Meigen, 1803 [teste O’Hara (1983: 275)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1065. Phasiatacta Townsend, 1911a: 144.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Phasiatacta elongata Townsend, 1911.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Phasiatacta elongata Townsend, 1911, by monotypy.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 177)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Guimarães (1971: 177) gave the method of type fixation as by original designation (as “gen., sp. n.”),
but this is incorrect. The ICZN Code Article 68.2.1 allows such a phraseology to be an original designation
only if it is applied to one of two or more originally included species. In this case, there is only one
included species, thus the type fixation is by monotypy.
1066. Phasioclista Townsend, 1891m: 369.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Phasioclista metallica Townsend, 1891.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Phasioclista metallica Townsend, 1891, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Gnadochaeta Macquart, 1851 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 276)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1067. Phasiocyptera Townsend, 1927a: 215.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Phasiocyptera punctata Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Phasiocyptera punctata Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 17)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1068. Phasiodexia Townsend, 1925e: 250.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Phasiodexia flavida Townsend, 1925.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Phasiodexia flavida Townsend, 1925, by original designation
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Dexia Meigen, 1826 [teste O’Hara et al. (2009: 28)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1069. Phasiomyia Townsend, 1915b: 20.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Alophora splendida Coquillett, 1902.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Alophora splendida Coquillett, 1902, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Phasia Latreille, 1804 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 227)]
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1070. Phasioormia Townsend, 1933a: 447.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Phasioormia pallida Townsend, 1933.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Phasioormia pallida Townsend, 1933, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste O’Hara et al. (2009: 161)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
EVENHUIS ET AL.
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1071. Phasiophyto Townsend, 1919b: 548.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Phasiophyto fumifera Townsend, 1919.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Phasiophyto fumifera Townsend, 1919, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 1100].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1072. Phasiopsis Townsend, 1912c: 108.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Phasiopsis floridana Townsend, 1912.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Phasiopsis floridana Townsend, 1912, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Masiphya Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004:
201)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1073. Phasiostoma Townsend, 1915u: 224.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Phasiostoma aristalis Townsend, 1915.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Phasiostoma aristalis Townsend, 1915, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Phytomyptera Rondani, 1844 [ teste O’Hara & Wood (1998: 756)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1074. Phasmofrontina Townsend, 1931e: 473.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Phasmofrontina perarida Townsend, 1931.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Phasmofrontina perarida Townsend, 1931, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 212)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1075. Phasmophaga Townsend, 1909b: 243.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Phasmophaga antennalis Townsend, 1909; Phasmophaga meridionalis
Townsend, 1909.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Phasmophaga antennalis Townsend, 1909, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 104)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1076. Philippodexia Townsend, 1926b: 533.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Philippodexia longipes Townsend, 1926.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Philippodexia longipes Townsend, 1926, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Crosskey (1977b: 605)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1077. Philippodoria Townsend, 1928a: 391.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Philippodoria fasciata Townsend, 1928.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Philippodoria fasciata Townsend, 1928, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Palexorista Townsend, 1921 (subgenus of Drino Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830)
[teste Crosskey (1977b: 677)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
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215
CHARLES HENRY TYLER TOWNSEND
R
EMARKS
: At the time that Crosskey (1977b: 677) treated Philippodoria Townsend, 1928 as a junior synonym of
Palexorista Townsend, 1921, the latter was considered a full genus. Palexorista is currently considered a
subgenus of Drino Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste O’Hara et al. (2009: 67).]
1078. Philippoformosia Townsend, 1927e: 282 [1928a: 368].
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Philippoformosia splendida Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Philippoformosia splendida Townsend, 1927 [preoccupied by Musca splendida Donovan, 1805; =
Rutilia townsendi Crosskey, 1977], by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Chrysorutilia Townsend, 1915 (subgenus of Rutilia Robineau-Desvoidy,
1830) [teste Crosskey (1977b: 607)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Originally proposed as a full genus.
1079. Philippolophosia Townsend, 1927e: 59 [1928a: 384].
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Philippolophosia sumatrensis Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Philippolophosia sumatrensis Townsend, 1927 [= Duvaucelia bicincta Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830],
by monotypy.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Lophosia Meigen, 1824 [teste Crosskey (1977b: 595)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Crosskey (1977b: 595) gave the original description of this nominal genus as in Townsend (1928a)
where Philippolophosia ornata Townsend, 1928 is the type species by original designation; however, the
name is made available earlier, in Townsend (1927e: 59), where the only species, Philippolophosia
sumatrensis Townsend, 1927, is the type species by monotypy. Both P. ornata and P. sumatrensis are
considered synonymous with Duvaucelia bicincta [teste Crosskey (1977b: 595)], so there is no change in
generic concept.
1080. Philotrichostylum Townsend, 1933a: 460.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Trichostylum fasciatum Townsend, 1928.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Trichostylum fasciatum Townsend, 1928, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Billaea Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste Crosskey (1977b: 601)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1081. Phoeniciomyia Townsend, 1915u: 231.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Phoeniciomyia arizonica Townsend, 1915.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Phoeniciomyia arizonica Townsend, 1915, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Blondelia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 79)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
[Phoranthella] Townsend, 1915b: 23.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Phoranthella morrisoni Townsend, 1915.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Unavailable name; rejected by I.C.Z.N. (1954: 309 [Opinion 205]); treated under Phasia
Latreille, 1804 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 227)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
[Phoranthella] Townsend, 1936c: 58 [1938b: 68].
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Phoranthella morrisoni Townsend, 1936.
EVENHUIS ET AL.
216
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C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Unavailable name; treated under Phoranthella Brooks, 1945 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004:
227).
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Only the original proposal of Phoranthella in Townsend (1915b: 23) was rejected by the I.C.Z.N.
(1954: 309 [Opinion 205). Additionally, subsequent listings of Phoranthella in Townsend (1936c: 58 and
1938b: 68) do not fulfill the criteria of ICZN Code Article 13 to make either the genus-group or the species
group names available there. The earliest availability of the genus- and species-group names is from
Brooks (1945).
1082. Phoriniophylax Townsend, 1927h: 62.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Phoriniophylax phoeda Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Phoriniophylax phoeda Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Argyrophylax Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889 [teste O’Hara et al. (2009:
100)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1083. Phorocerosoma Townsend, 1927h: 61.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Phorocerosoma forte Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Phorocerosoma forte Townsend, 1927 [= Masicera vicaria Walker, 1856], by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste O’Hara et al. (2009: 114)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1084. Phosocephala Townsend, 1908a: 69.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Phosocephala metallica Townsend, 1908.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Phosocephala metallica Townsend, 1908, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 79)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1085. Phosococephalops Townsend, 1927a: 237.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Phosococephalops fulvus Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Phosococephalops fulvus Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Gonia Meigen, 1803 [teste Guimarães (1971: 175)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1086. Phrissopolia Townsend, 1908a: 93.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Prospherysa crebra Wulp, 1890; Phrissopolia desertorum Townsend, 1908.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Prospherysa crebra Wulp, 1890, by subsequent designation (Sharp, 1910: 385).
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Chaetogaedia Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004:
166)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Sabrosky & Arnaud (1965: 1078) gave the method of type-species designation for Phrissopolia
Townsend, 1908 as by monotypy, but this is incorrect as there were two originally included species.
O’Hara & Wood (2004: 166) gave Prospherysa crebra Wulp, 1890 designated by Coquillett (1910: 589 [4
August]) as the earliest subsequent type designation for this nominal genus. We have found an earlier
designation by Sharp (1910: 385 [January]) of the same species.
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CHARLES HENRY TYLER TOWNSEND
1087. Phrynactia Townsend, 1926d: 34.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Phrynactia petiolata Townsend, 1926.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Phrynactia petiolata Townsend, 1926 [= Scopolia spinicosta Thomson, 1869], by original
designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Chaetoria Becker, 1908 [teste Crosskey (1977b: 656)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1088. Phrynofrontina Townsend, 1919b: 579.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Phrynofrontina convexa Townsend, 1919.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Phrynofrontina convexa Townsend, 1919 [= Sturmia discalis Coquillett, 1902], by original
designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Lixophaga Townsend, 1908 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 92)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1089. Phrynolydella Townsend, 1919b: 572.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Phrynolydella polita Townsend, 1919.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Phrynolydella polita Townsend, 1919, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Blondelia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 79)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1090. Phrynotachina Townsend, 1927a: 263.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Phrynotachina minor Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Phrynotachina minor Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 212)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1091. Phryxosturmia Townsend, 1927h: 68.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Phryxosturmia jacobsoni Townsend, 1926.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Phryxosturmia jacobsoni Townsend, 1926 [= Blepharella lateralis Macquart, 1851], by original
designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Blepharella Macquart, 1851 [teste Crosskey (1977b: 672)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1092. Phylacteropoda Townsend, 1916b: 623.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Clausicella tarsalis Coquillett, 1895.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Clausicella tarsalis Coquillett, 1895, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Phytomyptera Rondani, 1844 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 253)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1093. Phyllaristomyia Townsend, 1931e: 466.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Phyllaristomyia fiebrigi Townsend, 1931.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Phyllaristomyia fiebrigi Townsend, 1931, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 184)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
EVENHUIS ET AL.
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·
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1094. Phyllolabella Townsend, 1919a: 168.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Phyllolabella robusta Townsend, 1919.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Phyllolabella robusta Townsend, 1919 [= Tachina chrysophora Wiedemann, 1830], by original
designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Hypotachina Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891 [teste Guimarães (1971: 39)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1095. Phyllophila Townsend, 1915b: 21.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Chaetona nitens Coquillett, 1899.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Chaetona nitens Coquillett, 1899, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Preoccupied by Guenée, 1852; Stål, 1857; Lioy, 1864; senior (but invalid) synonym of
Phyllophilopsis Townsend, 1915 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 105)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1096. Phyllophilopsis Townsend, 1915c: 78.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Chaetona nitens Coquillett, 1899, automatic [by designation of the same species (by original
designation) for Phyllophila Townsend, 1915].
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: New replacement name for Phyllophila Townsend, 1915; valid genus [teste O’Hara & Wood
(2004: 105)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1097. Phyllophorocera Townsend, 1916b: 621.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Phorocera sternalis Coquillett, 1902.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Phorocera sternalis Coquillett, 1902, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Nilea Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 132)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1098. Phyllophryno Townsend, 1927a: 263.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Phyllophryno antennalis Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Phyllophryno antennalis Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 145)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1099. Phytoadmontia Townsend, 1916b: 626.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Admontia setigera Coquillett, 1904.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Admontia setigera Coquillett, 1904, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Paradidyma Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004:
272)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1100. Phytopsis Townsend, 1915b: 20.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Amobia californica Coquillett, 1895.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Amobia californica Coquillett, 1895, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Preoccupied by Hall, 1847; senior (but invalid) synonym of Meledonus Aldrich, 1926 [teste
O’Hara & Wood (2004: 60)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
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CHARLES HENRY TYLER TOWNSEND
1101. Pictoepalpus Townsend, 1915j: 71.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Pictoepalpus clarus Townsend, 1915.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Pictoepalpus clarus Townsend, 1915, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 70)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1102. Pilatea Townsend, 1916g: 178.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Masicera celer Coquillett, 1897.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Masicera celer Coquillett, 1897, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Allophorocera Hendel, 1901 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 157)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1103. Pirionimyia Townsend, 1931d: 343.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Pirionimyia paradoxa Townsend, 1931.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Pirionimyia paradoxa Townsend, 1931, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 32)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1104. Piximactia Townsend, 1927a: 279.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Piximactia uruhuasi Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Piximactia uruhuasi Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 145)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1105. Plagimasicera Townsend, 1915n: 411.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Plagimasicera petiolata Townsend, 1915.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Plagimasicera petiolata Townsend, 1915, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 212)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1106. Plagiophryxe Townsend, 1926a: 32.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Plagiophryxe pecosensis Townsend, 1926.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Plagiophryxe pecosensis Townsend, 1926, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Phryxe Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 136)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
[Plagiopps] Townsend, 1927a: 243.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Incorrect subsequent spelling of Plagiops Townsend, 1911.
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: This misspelling was corrected in the errata (Townsend, 1927a: second unnumbered page).
1107. Plagiops Townsend, 1911a: 141 [1912f: 303].
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Plagiops littoralis Townsend, 1911.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Plagiops littoralis Townsend, 1911 [= Plagiprospherysa floridensis Townsend, 1892], by
monotypy.
EVENHUIS ET AL.
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Zootaxa 3978 (1) © 2015 Magnolia Press
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Preoccupied by Amyot, 1846; junior synonym of Stomatomyia Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889
(subgenus of Chetogena Rondani, 1856) [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 148)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Originally proposed as a full genus. Townsend (1912f: 303) gave the full description of the genus, but
gave a different type species, Plagiops meridionalis Townsend, 1912. Townsend was apparently unaware
that his treatment of Plagiops in Townsend (1911a: 141) with discussion of characters would make the
name available there and with a different type species, Plagiops littoralis Townsend, 1911, by monotypy.
Both Plagiops littoralis Townsend, 1911 and Plagiops meridionalis are considered members of the
subgenus Chetogena (Stomatomyia) Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 148)].
1108. Plagiotachina Townsend, 1927a: 261.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Plagiotachina peruviana Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Plagiotachina peruviana Townsend, 1927 [preoccupied by Euphorocera peruviana Townsend,
1912; = Euphorocera townsendi Guimarães, 1971], by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Chetogena Rondani, 1856 [teste O’Hara & Wood (1998: 756)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1109. Plagiprospherysa Townsend, 1892n: 113 [1892o: 137].
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Plagiprospherysa valida Townsend, 1892; Plagiprospherysa floridensis
Townsend, 1892.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Plagiprospherysa valida Townsend, 1892 [= Prospherysa parvipalpis Wulp, 1890], by original
designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Stomatomyia Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889 (subgenus of Chetogena
Rondani, 1856) [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 148)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Originally proposed as a full genus. Plagiprospherysa was made available in two papers issued
simultaneously in the June issue of the Transactions of the American Entomological Society. Although
page precedence is not regulated in the ICZN Code, most workers give the original citation for this
nominal genus as dating from the full description of it in Townsend (1892n: 113) rather than from
Townsend (1892o: 137), in which characters to differentiate it are given in the key to genera.
1110. Platycobboldia Townsend, 1934i: 277.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Cobboldia loxodontis Brauer, 1896.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Cobboldia loxodontis Brauer, 1896, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Cobboldia Brauer, 1887 [teste Pont (1980d: 884; as Gasterophilidae)].
F
AMILY
: OESTRIDAE.
1111. Platyphasia Townsend, 1935c: 216.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Platyphasia similis Townsend, 1935.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Platyphasia similis Townsend, 1935, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Preoccupied by Skuse, 1890; senior (but invalid) synonym of Brasilomyia Özdikmen, 2010
[teste Özdikmen (2010: 293)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1112. Platyrrhinodexia Townsend, 1927a: 228.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Platyrrhinodexia punctulata Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Platyrrhinodexia punctulata Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
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CHARLES HENRY TYLER TOWNSEND
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 32)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1113. Plaxactia Townsend, 1931e: 476.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Plaxactia facialis Townsend, 1931.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Plaxactia facialis Townsend, 1931, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Lixophaga Townsend, 1908 [teste Wood (1985: 52)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1114. Plectopsis Townsend, 1927a: 257.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Plectopsis palpalis Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Plectopsis palpalis Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 169)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1115. Podosturmia Townsend, 1928b: 151.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Podosturmia dirphiae Townsend, 1928.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Podosturmia dirphiae Townsend, 1928, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 191)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1116. Polideosoma Townsend, 1915u: 226.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Polideosoma rohweri Townsend, 1915.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Polideosoma rohweri Townsend, 1915, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Ramonda Robineau-Desvoidy, 1963 (subgenus of Periscepsia Gistel, 1848)
[teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 66)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Originally proposed as a full genus.
1117. Poliophrys Townsend, 1908a: 90 [1908c: 381].
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Poliophrys sierricola Townsend, 1908; Poliophrys organensis Townsend, 1908.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Poliophrys sierricola Townsend, 1908, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Gaediopsis Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004:
176)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1118. Polistiopsis Townsend, 1915f: 43.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Polistiopsis mima Townsend, 1915.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Polistiopsis mima Townsend, 1915, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 17)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
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222
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1119. Polistomyia Townsend, 1908a: 132.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Trichopoda trifasciata Loew, 1863; Trichopoda histrio Walker, 1849;
Trichopoda indivisa Townsend, 1897; Thereva plumipes Fabricius, 1805; Trichopoda umbra Walker,
1849; Polistomyia subdivisa Townsend, 1908.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Trichopoda trifasciata Loew, 1863 [= Thereva plumipes Fabricius, 1805], by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Trichopoda Berthold, 1827 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 234)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1120. Polleniopsis Townsend, 1917h: 201.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Polleniopsis pilosa Townsend, 1917.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Polleniopsis pilosa Townsend, 1917, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste James (1977: 539)].
F
AMILY
: CALLIPHORIDAE.
[Pollenomyia] Townsend, 1931c: 373.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Pollenomyia sinensis Townsend, 1931 (as “Pollenomyia sinensis, Seguy”).
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Unavailable name; treated under Pollenia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste Schumann (1986:
44)].
F
AMILY
: CALLIPHORIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Townsend (1931c: 373) described as new a specimen in the Paris Collection under the name
“Pollenomyia sinensis”, unaware that this was a manuscript name that was eventually described in Séguy
(1935). Although the species-group name is available from Townsend (1931c: 373), the genus-group is
unavailable because it does not fulfill the criteria of ICZN Code Article 13 (no characters separate from
the ones used for the species-group name were given). Séguy (1935) is the earliest work where the genus-
group name is made available.
1121. Polygastropsis Townsend, 1919a: 173.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Polygaster brasiliensis Townsend, 1917.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Polygaster brasiliensis Townsend, 1917, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Polygaster Wulp, 1890 [teste Guimarães (1971: 94)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1122. Preuthera Townsend, 1933a: 452.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Euthera peringueyi Bezzi, 1925.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Euthera peringueyi Bezzi, 1925, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Euthera Loew, 1866 [teste Crosskey (1980: 829)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1123. Proarchytas Townsend, 1931d: 351.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Tachina daemon Wiedemann, 1830.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Tachina daemon Wiedemann, 1830, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Archytas Jaennicke, 1867 [teste Guimarães (1971: 48)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1124. Procarcelia Townsend, 1927a: 267, 349.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Procarcelia brasiliensis Townsend, 1927.
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223
CHARLES HENRY TYLER TOWNSEND
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Procarcelia brasiliensis Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 195)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: There are two original spellings of this nominal genus in Townsend (1927a): Procarcella (page 267)
and Procarcelia (page 349). Townsend (1927a: second unnumbered page of errata) corrected the spelling.
[Procarcella] Townsend, 1927a: 267.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Incorrect original spelling of Procarcelia Townsend, 1927 [teste Townsend (1927a: second
unnumbered page of errata)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1125. Procistogaster Townsend, 1934c: 208.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Procistogaster ferruginea Townsend, 1934.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Procistogaster ferruginea Townsend, 1934 [= Cistogaster immaculata Macquart, 1834], by original
designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Gymnoclytia Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1893 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004:
220)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1126. Procleonice Townsend, 1935c: 223.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Procleonice prolixa Townsend, 1935.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Procleonice prolixa Townsend, 1935, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 99)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1127. Procraspedothrix Townsend, 1932a: 56.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Tachina zonella Zetterstedt, 1844.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Tachina zonella Zetterstedt, 1844, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Phytomyptera Rondani, 1844 [teste Andersen (1988: 45)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1128. Procyanopsis Townsend, 1934c: 209.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Procyanopsis pictipennis Townsend, 1934.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Procyanopsis pictipennis Townsend, 1934, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Deopalpus Townsend, 1908 [teste Guimarães (1971: 76)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1129. Prodexilla Townsend, 1933a: 461.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Prodexilla petiolata Townsend, 1933.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Prodexilla petiolata Townsend, 1933 [= Dexia posio Walker, 1849], by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Microphthalma Macquart, 1843 [teste Crosskey (1980: 840)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1130. Prodexodes Townsend, 1927a: 280.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Prodexodes rufiventris Townsend, 1927.
EVENHUIS ET AL.
224
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T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Prodexodes rufiventris Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Calodexia Townsend, 1927 [teste Wood (1985: 28)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1131. Prodiaphania Townsend, 1927c: 159.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Diaphania testacea Macquart, 1843, automatic [by designation of the same species (by monotypy)
for Diaphania Macquart, 1843].
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: New replacement name for Diaphania Macquart, 1843; valid genus [teste Cantrell & Crosskey
(1989: 744)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1132. Proepalpus Townsend, 1927a: 255.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Proepalpus paulensis Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Proepalpus paulensis Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Jurinia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste Guimarães (1971: 68)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1133. Progastrophilus Townsend, 1934f: 406.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Oestrus pecorum Fabricius, 1794.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Oestrus pecorum Fabricius, 1794, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Gasterophilus Leach, 1817 [teste Pont (1980d: 883; as Gasterophilidae)].
F
AMILY
: OESTRIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: This nominal genus was omitted from the Palaearctic catalog of Soós & Minář (1986). However, they
treated the type species of Progastrophilus Townsend, 1934 (Oestrus pecorum Fabricius, 1794) as a
member of Gasterophilus Leach, 1817.
1134. Prohypostena Townsend, 1916e: 12.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Prohypostena braueri Townsend, 1916 (with Tachina procera Rondani, 1859 in
synonymy).
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Prohypostena braueri Townsend, 1916 (with Tachina procera Rondani, 1859 in synonymy), by
original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Leiophora Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863 [teste Herting & Dely-Draskovits
(1993: 159)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1135. Prohypotachina Townsend, 1933a: 464.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Prohypotachina rutilioides Townsend, 1933.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Prohypotachina rutilioides Townsend, 1933, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Nemoraea Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste Crosskey (1977b: 624)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1136. Proleskia Townsend, 1927a: 211.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Proleskia hirta Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Proleskia hirta Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 86)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
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CHARLES HENRY TYLER TOWNSEND
1137. Proleskiomima Townsend, 1934f: 395.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Proleskiomima frontalis Townsend, 1934.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Proleskiomima frontalis Townsend, 1934, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 118)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1138. Prolixophaga Townsend, 1934f: 404.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Lixophaga plumbea Aldrich, 1925.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Lixophaga plumbea Aldrich, 1925, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Lixophaga Townsend, 1908 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 92)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1139. Prolophosia Townsend, 1933a: 450.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Prolophosia petiolata Townsend, 1933.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Prolophosia petiolata Townsend, 1933, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Crosskey (1980: 828)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1140. Prolypha Townsend, 1934c: 210.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Prolypha palmarum Townsend, 1934.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Prolypha palmarum Townsend, 1934, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 88)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1141. Promasiphya Townsend, 1927a: 379.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Masiphya confusa Aldrich, 1925.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Masiphya confusa Aldrich, 1925, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Masiphya Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891 [teste O’Hara & Wood (1998:
757)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1142. Promasipoda Townsend, 1934f: 399.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Promasipoda pinguioides Townsend, 1934.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Promasipoda pinguioides Townsend, 1934 by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Winthemia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste Guimarães (1971: 196)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1143. Promegaparia Townsend, 1931d: 339.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Promegaparia petiolata Townsend, 1931.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Promegaparia petiolata Townsend, 1931, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 24)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1144. Prometopiops Townsend, 1927a: 268.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Prometopiops polita Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Prometopiops polita Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
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C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 212)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1145. Promicrosillus Townsend, 1935c: 230.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Siphosturmia pollinosa Townsend, 1912.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Siphosturmia pollinosa Townsend, 1912, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Siphosturmia Coquillett, 1897 [teste O’Hara & Wood (1998: 757)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1146. Promintho Townsend, 1926d: 23.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Promintho sungayana Townsend, 1926.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Promintho sungayana Townsend, 1926, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste O’Hara et al. (2009: 157)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1147. Promusca Townsend, 1915h: 434.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Musca domestica Linnaeus, 1758.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Musca domestica Linnaeus, 1758, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Musca Linnaeus, 1758 [teste Carvalho et al. (2005: 22)].
F
AMILY
: MUSCIDAE.
1148. Pronemorilla Townsend, 1935c: 229.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Pronemorilla mima Townsend, 1935.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Pronemorilla mima Townsend, 1935, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Winthemia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste Coelho et al. (1989: 274)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1149. Prooppia Townsend, 1926d: 32.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Carcelia fuscipennis Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Carcelia fuscipennis Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 sensu Townsend, 1926 [misidentification; =
Hubneria nigripalpis Robineau-Desvoidy, 1848; fixed by action of ICZN Code Article 70.3.9 in O’Hara et
al. (2009: 76)].
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste O’Hara et al. (2009: 76)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1150. Proparachaeta Townsend, 1928b: 152.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Proparachaeta paraguayensis Townsend, 1928.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Proparachaeta paraguayensis Townsend, 1928, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 186)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1151. Proparathelaira Townsend, 1928a: 378.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Proparathelaira plumosa Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Proparathelaira plumosa Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
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CHARLES HENRY TYLER TOWNSEND
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Xanthopteromyia Townsend, 1926 [teste Crosskey (1977b: 619)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1152. Prophaenopsis Townsend, 1927a: 273.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Prophaenopsis nitens Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Prophaenopsis nitens Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Thelyoxynops Townsend, 1927 [teste Wood (1985: 84)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1153. Prophasiopsis Townsend, 1927a: 250.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Prophasiopsis polita Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Prophasiopsis polita Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 200)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1154. Prophorichaeta Townsend, 1928a: 390.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Prophorichaeta philippina Townsend, 1928.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Prophorichaeta philippina Townsend, 1928, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Periscepsia Gistel, 1848 [teste Crosskey (1977b: 615)
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1155. Prophorinia Townsend, 1927a: 277.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Prophorinia proletaria Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Prophorinia proletaria Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Lixophaga Townsend, 1908 [teste Wood (1985: 51)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1156. Prophorostoma Townsend, 1927a: 227.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Prophorostoma pulchra Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Prophorostoma pulchra Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 32)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1157. Prophryno Townsend, 1927a: 262.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Prophryno aurulans Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Prophryno aurulans Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Lespesia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste Guimarães (1971: 208)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1158. Prophrynopsis Townsend, 1927a: 273.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Prophrynopsis peruviana Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Prophrynopsis peruviana Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Incamyia Townsend, 1912 [teste Guimarães (1971: 136)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
EVENHUIS ET AL.
228
·
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1159. Proroglutea Townsend, 1919b: 574.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Proroglutea piligera Townsend, 1919.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Proroglutea piligera Townsend, 1919, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 146)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1160. Prosenostoma Townsend, 1932a: 39.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Senostoma flavipes Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Senostoma flavipes Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889 sensu Townsend, 1932 [misidentification; =
Rutilia hirticeps Malloch, 1929], by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Microrutilia Townsend, 1915 (subgenus of Rutilia Robineau-Desvoidy,
1830) [teste Cantrell & Crosskey (1989: 746)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Originally proposed as a full genus.
[Prosopaea] Townsend, 1892o: 137.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Incorrect subsequent spelling of Prosopea Rondani, 1861 or subsequent usage of Prosopaea
Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889.
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: The earliest mention of the nominal genus Prosopea Rondani, 1861 we have found using the spelling
“Prosopaea” is Prosopaea Brauer & Bergenstamm (1889: 91), as an unjustified emendation [teste O’Hara
et al. (2011: 151)].
1161. Prosophia Townsend, 1927h: 58.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Prosophia kloofia Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Prosophia kloofia Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Torocca Walker, 1859 [teste Crosskey (1977b: 619)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1162. Prosopodopsis Townsend, 1926b: 542.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Tachina fasciata Wiedemann, 1830.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Tachina fasciata Wiedemann, 1830 [preoccupied by Tachina fasciata Fallén, 1820; = Prosopaea
appendiculata Meijere, 1910], by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste O’Hara et al. (2009: 116)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1163. Prosopofrontina Townsend, 1926d: 33.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Prosopofrontina pulchra Townsend, 1926.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Prosopofrontina pulchra Townsend, 1926, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Istocheta Rondani, 1859 [teste Herting (1984: 24)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Evenhuis et al. (2008: 6) treated Prosopofrontina Townsend, 1926 as a taxonomically valid genus in
error because they missed the fact that Herting (1984: 24) had synonymized it under Istocheta Rondani,
1859.
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229
CHARLES HENRY TYLER TOWNSEND
1164. Prospanipalpus Townsend, 1931e: 448.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Prospanipalpus peruvianus Townsend, 1931.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Prospanipalpus peruvianus Townsend, 1931, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 80)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1165. Prospherysodoria Townsend, 1928b: 149.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Prospherysodoria paraguayensis Townsend, 1928.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Prospherysodoria paraguayensis Townsend, 1928, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 1246)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1166. Prosthetocirca Townsend, 1917i: 192.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Prosthetocirca cana Townsend, 1917.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Prosthetocirca cana Townsend, 1917 [= Myobia dasycnemis Thomson, 1969], by original
designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Sarothromyiops Townsend, 1917 [teste Pape (1996: 429)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
1167. Prosturmia Townsend, 1927h: 69.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Prosturmia profana Townsend, 1926; Prosturmia subanajama Townsend, 1926.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Prosturmia profana Townsend, 1926 [= Masicera solennis Walker, 1858], by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Palexorista Townsend, 1921 (subgenus of Drino Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830)
[teste Crosskey (1977b: 677)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: At the time Crosskey (1977b: 677) treated Prosturmia Townsend, 1927 as a junior synonym of
Palexorista Townsend, 1921, the latter was considered a full genus. Palexorista is currently considered a
subgenus of Drino Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste O’Hara et al. (2009: 67).]
1168. Protaporia Townsend, 1919a: 171.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Protaporia galerucae Townsend, 1919.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Protaporia galerucae Townsend, 1919, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Cantrell & Crosskey (1989: 768)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1169. Protodejeania Townsend, 1915b: 21.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Dejeania hystricosa Williston, 1886.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Dejeania hystricosa Williston, 1886, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 323)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1170. Protodexia Townsend, 1912c: 117.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Protodexia synthetica Townsend, 1912.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Protodexia synthetica Townsend, 1912 [= Sarcophaga hunteri Hough, 1898], by original
designation.
EVENHUIS ET AL.
230
·
Zootaxa 3978 (1) © 2015 Magnolia Press
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Tephromyia Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891 (subgenus of Blaesoxipha Loew,
1861) [teste Pape (1996: 207)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Originally proposed as a full genus.
1171. Protogonia Townsend, 1912f: 347.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Protogonia ocellaris Townsend, 1912.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Protogonia ocellaris Townsend, 1912, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Preoccupied by Cope, 1881; senior (but invalid) synonym of Protogoniops Townsend, 1913
[teste Guimarães (1971: 177)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1172. Protogoniops Townsend, 1913b: 133.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Protogonia ocellaris Townsend, 1912, automatic [by designation of the same species (by original
designation) for Protogonia Townsend, 1912].
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: New replacement name for Protogonia Townsend, 1912; valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971:
177)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1173. Protogoniopsis Townsend, 1915n: 412.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Protogoniopsis arida Townsend, 1915.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Protogoniopsis arida Townsend, 1915, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 184)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1174. Protomeigenia Townsend, 1916i: 156.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Protomeigenia aurea Townsend, 1916.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Protomeigenia aurea Townsend, 1916, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Froggattimyia Townsend, 1916 [teste Cantrell & Crosskey (1989: 766)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1175. Protomiltogramma Townsend, 1916i: 154.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Protomiltogramma cincta Townsend, 1916.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Protomiltogramma cincta Townsend, 1916, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Pape (1996: 128)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
1176. Protophormia Townsend, 1908a: 123.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Phormia terraenovae Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Phormia terraenovae Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, by monotypy.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Sabrosky (1999: 258)].
F
AMILY
: CALLIPHORIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: The ICZN Commission placed Protophormia Townsend, 1908, on the Official List (I.C.Z.N., 1990: 126
[Opinion 1618]) as part of its action to conserve the usage of Protocalliphora Hough, 1899.
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231
CHARLES HENRY TYLER TOWNSEND
1177. Prowinthemia Townsend, 1928b: 151.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Prowinthemia paraguayensis Townsend, 1928.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Prowinthemia paraguayensis Townsend, 1928, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Winthemia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste Guimarães (1971: 196)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1178. Proxynops Townsend, 1927a: 274.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Proxynops proximus Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Proxynops proximus Townsend, 1927 [= Sphaerina nitidula Wulp, 1890], by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Sphaerina Wulp, 1890 [teste Guimarães (1971: 149)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1179. Psalidopteryx Townsend, 1916f: 21.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Psalidopteryx slossonae Townsend, 1916.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Psalidopteryx slossonae Townsend, 1916, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Graphogaster Rondani, 1868 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 251).
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1180. Psammoppia Townsend, 1915b: 20.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Brachycoma pulverea Coquillett, 1897.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Brachycoma pulverea Coquillett, 1897 [Muscopteryx chaetosula Townsend, 1892], by original
designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Muscopteryx Townsend, 1892 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 63)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1181. Pseudatractocera Townsend, 1892n: 107 [1892o: 136].
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Pseudatractocera neomexicana Townsend, 1892.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Pseudatractocera neomexicana Townsend, 1892, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Zaira Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 111)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Pseudatractocera was made available in two papers issued simultaneously in the June issue of the
Transactions of the American Entomological Society. Although page precedence is not regulated in the
ICZN Code, most workers give the original citation for this nominal genus as dating from the full
description of it in Townsend (1892n: 107) rather than from Townsend (1892o: 136), in which characters
to differentiate it are given in the key to genera.
1182. Pseudeuantha Townsend, 1915n: 416.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Pseudeuantha linelii Townsend, 1915.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Pseudeuantha linelii Townsend, 1915, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Uramya Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste O’Hara & Wood (1998: 757)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1183. Pseudoarchytas Townsend, 1915a: 185.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Pseudoarchytas marmorata Townsend, 1915.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Pseudoarchytas marmorata Townsend, 1915, by original designation.
EVENHUIS ET AL.
232
·
Zootaxa 3978 (1) © 2015 Magnolia Press
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Archytas Jaennicke, 1867 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 307)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1184. Pseudoarchytopsis Townsend, 1927a: 252.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Pseudoarchytopsis brasiliensis Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Pseudoarchytopsis brasiliensis Townsend, 1927 [= Gonia incertus Macquart, 1851], by original
designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Archytas Jaennicke, 1867 [teste Guimarães (1971: 47)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1185. Pseudobombyliomyia Townsend, 1931d: 347.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Pseudobombyliomyia linellii Townsend, 1931.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Pseudobombyliomyia linellii Townsend, 1931, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 43)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1186. Pseudochaetona Townsend, 1919b: 563.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Pseudochaetona polita Townsend, 1919.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Pseudochaetona polita Townsend, 1919, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 108)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1187. Pseudodidyma Townsend, 1915k: 287.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Pseudodidyma pullula Townsend, 1915.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Pseudodidyma pullula Townsend, 1915, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Cyzenis Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 169)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1188. Pseudoeribea Townsend, 1926a: 26.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Pseudoeribea paradexoides Townsend, 1926.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Pseudoeribea paradexoides Townsend, 1926, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Blondelia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 79)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1189. Pseudogymnosoma Townsend, 1918d: 151.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Pseudogymnosoma inflatum Townsend, 1918.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Pseudogymnosoma inflatum Townsend, 1918, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Neomyia Walker, 1859. New synonymy.
F
AMILY
: MUSCIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Pont (1980a: 727) treated Pseudogymnosoma as a junior synonym of Orthellia Robineau-Desvoidy,
1830, which has since been found to be a junior synonym of Neomyia Walker, 1859 [teste e.g., Pont (1989:
679)]; thus we treat Pseudogymnosoma as a junior synonym of Neomyia Walker, 1859, n. syn.
1190. Pseudokea Townsend, 1927e: 69 [1928a: 393].
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Pseudokea sumatrana Townsend, 1927.
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CHARLES HENRY TYLER TOWNSEND
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Pseudokea sumatrana Townsend, 1927, by monotypy.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Winthemia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste Cantrell & Crosskey (1989:
772)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Crosskey (1977b: 662) and Cantrell & Crosskey (1989: 772) listed the original description of
Pseudokea as Townsend (1928a: 393) where the type species is Pseudokea neowinthemioides Townsend,
1928 by original designation. However, the genus-group name is made available earlier, in Townsend
(1927e: 69), where the only included species, Pseudokea sumatrana Townsend, 1927, is the type species
by monotypy. There is no change in generic concept with the change in type species since both Pseudokea
sumatrana and Pseudokea neowinthemioides are currently considered synonyms of each other [teste
Cantrell (1989: 96)].
1191. Pseudominthodes Townsend, 1933a: 455.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Pseudominthodes scutellaris Townsend, 1933.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Pseudominthodes scutellaris Townsend, 1933, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Crosskey (1980: 842)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1192. Pseudomyothyria Townsend, 1892n: 131 [1892o: 141].
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Pseudomyothyria indecisa Townsend, 1892.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Pseudomyothyria indecisa Townsend, 1892 [= Tachina ancilla Walker, 1853], original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Myiopharus Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004:
98)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Pseudomyothyria was made available in two papers issued simultaneously in the June issue of the
Transactions of the American Entomological Society. Although page precedence is not regulated in the
ICZN Code, most workers give the original citation for this nominal genus as dating from the full
description of it in Townsend (1892n: 131) rather than from Townsend (1892o: 141), in which characters
to differentiate it are given in the key to genera.
1193. Pseudopalpostoma Townsend, 1926b: 533.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Palpostoma desvoidyi Aldrich, 1922.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Palpostoma desvoidyi Aldrich, 1922, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Palpostoma Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste Cantrell & Crosskey (1989:
749)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1194. Pseudopsodexia Townsend, 1935b: 69.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Opsodexia cruciata Reinhard, 1929.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Opsodexia cruciata Reinhard, 1929, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Downes (1986: 14)].
F
AMILY
: RHINOPHORIDAE.
1195. Pseudorectocera Townsend, 1928a: 385.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Pseudorectocera albifacies Townsend, 1928.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Pseudorectocera albifacies Townsend, 1928 [= Tachina belzebul Wiedemann, 1830], by original
designation.
EVENHUIS ET AL.
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Zootaxa 3978 (1) © 2015 Magnolia Press
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Hermya Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste Crosskey (1977b: 593)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1196. Pseudorthellia Townsend, 1916j: 44.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Lucilia viridiceps Macquart, 1851.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Lucilia viridiceps Macquart, 1851 [= Lucilia timorensis Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830], by original
designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Neomyia Walker, 1859 [teste Pont (1989: 679)].
F
AMILY
: MUSCIDAE.
1197. Pseudosarcophagula Townsend, 1927a: 220.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Pseudosarcophagula brasiliensis Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Pseudosarcophagula brasiliensis Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Sarcophagula Wulp, 1887 [teste Pape (1996: 433)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
1198. Pseudoservillia Townsend, 1916g: 178.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Echinomyia flavopilosa Bigot, 1888.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Echinomyia flavopilosa Bigot, 1888, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Tachina Meigen, 1803. New synonymy.
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Crosskey (1977b: 637) placed Pseudoservillia Townsend, 1916 as a junior synonym of Servillia
Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830. Servillia has subsequently been treated as a valid subgenus of Tachina Meigen,
1803 (e.g., Herting, 1984: 86) or as a junior synonym of Tachina subgenus Tachina (e.g., O’Hara et al.,
2009: 175). We thus here treat Pseudoservillia Townsend, 1916 as a junior synonym of Tachina Meigen,
1803, n. syn.
1199. Pseudosiphona Townsend, 1916b: 622.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Siphona brevirostris Coquillett, 1897.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Siphona brevirostris Coquillett, 1897, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid subgenus of Siphona Meigen, 1803 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 301)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Originally proposed as a full genus.
1200. Pseudoxanthozona Townsend, 1931e: 442.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Pseudoxanthozona denudata Townsend, 1931.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Pseudoxanthozona denudata Townsend, 1931, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 70)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1201. Pseudoxanthozonella Townsend, 1931e: 437.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Pseudoxanthozonella similis Townsend, 1931.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Pseudoxanthozonella similis Townsend, 1931, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 70)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
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235
CHARLES HENRY TYLER TOWNSEND
1202. Pterinopterna Townsend, 1919b: 553.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Pterinopterna ciliata Townsend, 1919.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Pterinopterna ciliata Townsend, 1919, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Tyreomma Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891 [teste Guimarães (1971: 38)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1203. Pterotopeza Townsend, 1908a: 113.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Blepharipeza tarsalis Schiner, 1868.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Blepharipeza tarsalis Schiner, 1868, automatic [by designation of the same species (by monotypy)
for Chaetoprocta Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891].
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: New replacement name for Chaetoprocta Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891; valid genus [teste
Guimarães (1971: 186; as “Pteropeza”)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1204. Ptilolydella Townsend, 1927a: 278.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Ptilolydella aristalis Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Ptilolydella aristalis Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Lixophaga Townsend, 1908 [teste Wood (1985: 51)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1205. Ptilomyiopsis Townsend, 1933c: 527.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Ptilomyia plumata Curran, 1925.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Ptilomyia plumata Curran, 1925, automatic [by designation of the same species (by original
designation) for Ptilomyia Curran, 1925].
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: New replacement name for Ptilomyia Curran, 1925; valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 121)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1206. Punaclista Townsend, 1915n: 406.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Punaclista setosa Townsend, 1915.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Punaclista setosa Townsend, 1915, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Prosopochaeta Macquart, 1851 [teste Guimarães (1971: 99)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1207. Punamyia Townsend, 1915n: 428.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Punamyia transitionalis Townsend, 1915.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Punamyia transitionalis Townsend, 1915, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 80)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1209. Punamyocera Townsend, 1919b: 549.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Punamyocera oroyensis Townsend, 1919.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Punamyocera oroyensis Townsend, 1919, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 34)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
EVENHUIS ET AL.
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1210. Punaphyto Townsend, 1915n: 410.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Punaphyto tridens Townsend, 1915.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Punaphyto tridens Townsend, 1915, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Helicobia Coquillett, 1895 [teste Pape (1996: 225)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
1211. Punasarcophaga Townsend, 1915n: 408.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Punasarcophaga auromaculata Townsend, 1915.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Punasarcophaga auromaculata Townsend, 1915, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Ravinia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste Pape (1996: 284)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
1212. Pycnosomops Townsend, 1934i: 277.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Musca putoria Wiedemann, 1830.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Musca putoria Wiedemann, 1830 [= Musca chloropyga Wiedemann, 1818], by original
designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Chrysomya Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste Pont (1980c: 788)].
F
AMILY
: CALLIPHORIDAE.
1212. Pygocalcager Townsend, 1935e: 215.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Calcager humeratum Hutton, 1091.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Calcager humeratum Hutton, 1901, by monotypy.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Cantrell & Crosskey (1989: 758)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Cantrell & Crosskey (1989: 758) gave the method of type fixation for Pygocalcager Townsend, 1935 as
by original designation, but this is incorrect. Townsend (1935e: 215) stated “Erected for Calcager
humeratum Hutton, from New Zealand”, which is not an explicit designation of that species as the type
[see Evenhuis & Thompson (1990) and Sabrosky (1999) for more details]. Thus, because there is only one
included species, the type fixation for Pygocalcager is Calcager humeratum Hutton, 1901, by monotypy.
1213. Pygophorinia Townsend, 1927a: 274.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Pygophorinia peruviana Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Pygophorinia peruviana Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Calolydella Townsend, 1927 [teste Wood (1985: 28)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1214. Pyraustomyia Townsend, 1916b: 627.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Panzeria penitalis Coquillett, 1897.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Panzeria penitalis Coquillett, 1897, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Eriothrix Meigen, 1803 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 55)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1215. Pyrrhodexia Townsend, 1931d: 341.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Dexia pyrrhoprocta Wiedemann, 1830.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Dexia pyrrhoprocta Wiedemann, 1830, by original designation.
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237
CHARLES HENRY TYLER TOWNSEND
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 25)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1216. Pyrrhoernestia Townsend, 1931e: 450.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Pyrrhoernestia petiolata Townsend, 1931.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Pyrrhoernestia petiolata Townsend, 1931, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 82)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
[Pyrrhosia] Townsend, 1892u: 276 [1908a: 8, 67].
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Incorrect subsequent spelling of Pyrrosia Rondani, 1856.
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Criteria to make this name available as an emendation were not found to be fulfilled in this work.
1217. Pyrrhotachina Townsend, 1931e: 447.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Pyrrhotachina proboscidea Townsend, 1931.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Pyrrhotachina proboscidea Townsend, 1931, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 80)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
[Quadratosoma] Townsend, 1914i: 143.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Unavailable name; no differentiating characters or included species; treated under
Quadratosoma Townsend, 1914 [teste this work].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: This nominal genus was listed in Townsend (1914i: 143) without criteria to make it available there. It
was described in a subsequent installment of this series of papers (Townsend, 1914j: 153).
1218. Quadratosoma Townsend, 1914j: 153.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Quadratosoma rufum Townsend, 1914.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Quadratosoma rufum Townsend, 1914, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 70)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
[Rachoepalpus] Townsend, 1927a: 249.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Incorrect subsequent spelling of Rhacheopalpus Townsend, 1908.
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: This misspelling was corrected in the errata (Townsend, 1927a: second unnumbered page).
1219. Rafaelia Townsend, 1917d: 45.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Rafaelia rufiventris Townsend, 1917.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Rafaelia rufiventris Townsend, 1917, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Pape (1996: 282)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
EVENHUIS ET AL.
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1220. Raimondia Townsend, 1917d: 47.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Raimondia uruhuasi Townsend, 1917.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Raimondia uruhuasi Townsend, 1917, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Lepidodexia Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891 [teste Pape (1996: 237)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
1221. Raviniopsis Townsend, 1918a: 160.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Raviniopsis aurea Townsend, 1918.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Raviniopsis aurea Townsend, 1918, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid subgenus of Argoravinia Townsend, 1917 [teste Carvalho Filho & Esposito (2012: 3)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Originally described as a full genus.
1222. Rhachoepalpodes Townsend, 1935c: 220.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Rhachoepalpodes quatuornotatus Townsend, 1935.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Rhachoepalpodes quatuornotatus Townsend, 1935, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Rhachoepalpus Townsend, 1908 [teste Guimarães (1971: 70)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1223. Rhachoepalpus Townsend, 1908a: 114.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Saundersia testacea Wulp, 1888; Rhachoepalpus olivaceus Townsend, 1908.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Saundersia testacea Wulp, 1888, by subsequent designation (Sharp, 1910: 385).
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 324)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Both Guimarães (1971: 70) and O’Hara & Wood (2004: 324) gave Saundersia testacea Wulp, 1888 by
Coquillett (1910: 599 [4 August]) as the earliest subsequent designation for this nominal genus. We have
found an earlier one by Sharp (1910: 385 [January]) of the same species. Guimarães (1971: 70) treated the
nominal genus as valid, but transferred the type species, Saundersia testacea Wulp, 1888, as a new
combination under Epalpus Rondani, 1850 (Guimarães, 1971: 65). O’Hara & Wood (2004: 324) also
treated Rhachoepalpus Townsend, 1908 as a valid genus, but in their references to previous works on the
genus made no mention of the new combination of the type species in Guimarães (1971: 65). We follow
O’Hara & Wood (2004) in treating the genus as valid until the equivocal placement of type species in the
two works can be resolved.
1224. Rhachogaster Townsend, 1915k: 291.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Rhachogaster kermodei Townsend, 1915.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Rhachogaster kermodei Townsend, 1915 [= Tachina algens Wiedemann, 1830], by original
designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid subgenus of Tachina Meigen, 1803 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 330)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Originally proposed as a full genus.
1225. Rhachosaundersia Townsend, 1931e: 439.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Rhachosaundersia boliviana Townsend, 1931.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Rhachosaundersia boliviana Townsend, 1931, by original designation.
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239
CHARLES HENRY TYLER TOWNSEND
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 71)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1226. Rhamphopteryx Townsend, 1931e: 456.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Rhamphopteryx retrorsa Townsend, 1931.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Rhamphopteryx retrorsa Townsend, 1931, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Preoccupied by Bryk, 1913; senior (but invalid) synonym of Mehmetia Özdikmen, 2007 [teste
Özdikmen (2007: 165)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1227. Rhinogastrophilus Townsend, 1918d: 152.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Oestrus nasalis Linnaeus, 1758.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Oestrus nasalis Linnaeus, 1758, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Gasterophilus Leach, 1817 [teste Pont (1980d: 883; as Gasterophilidae)].
F
AMILY
: OESTRIDAE.
[Rhinomydes] Townsend, 1933a: 474.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Incorrect original spelling of Rhinomyodes Townsend, 1932 [teste Townsend, 1936d: 201)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1228. Rhinomyodes Townsend, 1933a: 474.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Rhinomyodes emporomyioides Townsend, 1933.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Rhinomyodes emporomyioides Townsend, 1933, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste O’Hara et al. (2009: 78)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: There are two original spellings of this nominal genus in Townsend (1933a): Rhinomydes (page 474)
and Rhinomyodes (page 474). By subsequent usage by the author (ICZN Code Article 24.2.4), Townsend
(1936d: 201) acted as First Reviser and selected Rhinomyodes as the correct original spelling.
[Rhodendorfia] Townsend, 1935a: 104.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Incorrect subsequent spelling of Rohdendorfia Townsend, 1934.
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Criteria to make this name available as an emendation were not found to be fulfilled in this work.
1229. Rhombothyriops Townsend, 1915n: 419.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Rhombothyriops elegans Townsend, 1915.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Rhombothyriops elegans Townsend, 1915, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 148)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
[Rhymosia] Townsend, 1892p: 149.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Incorrect subsequent spelling of Rymosia Winnertz, 1863 or subsequent usage of Rhymosia
Mik, 1886.
F
AMILY
: MYCETOPHILIDAE.
EVENHUIS ET AL.
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R
EMARKS
: The earliest mention of the nominal genus Rymosia Winnertz, 1863 we have found in this study using
the spelling “Rhymosia” is Rhymosia Mik (1886: 513), as an unjustified emendation, n. syn.
[Rhynchodexia] Townsend, 1892u: 274, 276.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Incorrect subsequent spelling of Rhynchionodexia Bigot, 1885.
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Criteria to make this name available as as emendation were not found to be fulfilled in this work.
[Rhynchomyia] Townsend, 1891b: 92 [1892y: 34].
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Incorrect subsequent spelling of Rhyncomya Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 or subsequent usage of
Rhynchomyia Macquart, 1835.
F
AMILY
: RHINIIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: The earliest mention of the nominal genus Rhyncomya Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 we have found using
the spelling “Rhynchomyia” is Rhynchomyia Macquart (1835: 247), as an unjustified emendation, n. syn.
1230. Rhynchomyiopsis Townsend, 1917h: 195.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Rhynchomyiopsis indica Townsend, 1917.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Rhynchomyiopsis indica Townsend, 1917 [preoccupied by Rhynchomyia indica Rondani, 1875; =
Rhyncomya townsendi James, 1977], by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Rhyncomya Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste James (1977: 553)].
F
AMILY
: RHINIIDAE.
1231. Rhynchopeteina Townsend, 1931e: 459.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Peteina stylata Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Peteina stylata Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Petinarctia Villeneuve, 1928 (subgenus of Periscepsia Gistel, 1848) [teste
Herting & Dely-Draskovits (1993: 377)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: At the time that Herting & Dely-Draskovits (1993: 377) treated Rhynchopeteina Townsend, 1931 as a
junior synonym of Petinarctia Villeneuve, 1928, Petinarctia was considered a full genus. Petinarctia is
currently considered a subgenus of Periscepsia Gistel, 1848 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 65)].
1232. Rileyella Townsend, 1909b: 249.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Tachina aletiae Riley, 1879.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Tachina aletiae Riley, 1879, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Lespesia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 123)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1233. Rileymyia Townsend, 1893j: 277.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Rileya americana Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1893.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Rileya americana Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1893, automatic [by designation of the same species (by
monotypy) for Rileya Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1893].
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: New replacement name for Rileya Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1893; junior synonym of
Leschenaultia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 187)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
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CHARLES HENRY TYLER TOWNSEND
1234. Roeseliopsis Townsend, 1915b: 23.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Racodineura americana Coquillett, 1897.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Racodineura americana Coquillett, 1897, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Phasmophaga Townsend, 1909 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 104)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1235. Rohdendorfia Townsend, 1934g: 213.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Tachina oestracea Fallén, 1820.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Tachina oestracea Fallén, 1820, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Preoccupied by Smirnov, 1924; junior synonym of Miltogramma Meigen, 1803 [teste Pape
(1996: 105)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
1236. Rohdendorfina Townsend, 1935a: 104.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Tachina oestracea Fallén, 1820, automatic [by designation of the same species (for Rohdendorfia
Townsend, 1934) by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: New replacement name for Rohdendorfia Townsend, 1934; junior synonym of Miltogramma
Meigen, 1803 [teste Pape (1996: 105)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
1237. Rondanimyia Townsend, 1908a: 67.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Macquartia chalconota Meigen, 1824.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Macquartia chalconota Meigen, 1824, automatic [by designation of the same species (by
monotypy) for Gymnopsis Rondani, 1859].
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: New replacement name for Gymnopsis Rondani, 1859; junior synonym of Macquartia
Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste Coquillett (1910: 601)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Herting & Dely-Draskovits (1993: 436) treated Rondanimyia in “Doubtful taxa in Tachinidae”, perhaps
not realizing that Townsend (1908a: 67) had included Macquartia chalconota Meigen, 1824 as the singly
included species. Herting & Dely-Draskovits (1993: 312) treated Macquartia chalconota as a valid species
of Macquartia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 and Coquillett (1910: 601) treated the genus-group name as a
junior synonym of Macquartia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, which we follow here.
1238. Roraimomusca Townsend, 1935b: 69.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Roraimomusca roraima Townsend, 1935.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Roraimomusca roraima Townsend, 1935, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Sarconesiopsis Townsend, 1918 [teste Mariluis & Peris (1985: 71)].
F
AMILY
: CALLIPHORIDAE.
1239. Rupununia Townsend, 1935b: 74.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Rupununia polita Townsend, 1935.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Rupununia polita Townsend, 1935, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Metopia Meigen, 1803 [teste Pape (1996: 97)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
EVENHUIS ET AL.
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1240. Rutilodexia Townsend, 1915b: 23.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Rutilia angustipennis Walker, 1858.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Rutilia angustipennis Walker, 1858, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Cantrell & Crosskey (1989: 747)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1241. Rutilotrixa Townsend, 1933a: 448.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Trixa lateralis Walker, 1849.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Trixa lateralis Walker, 1849, by original designation
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Cantrell & Crosskey (1989: 740)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1242. Santschia Townsend, 1919a: 161.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Santschia algeriensis Townsend, 1919.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Santschia algeriensis Townsend, 1919, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Blaesoxipha Loew, 1861 [teste Pape (1996: 187)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
[Sarcaphaga] Townsend, 1940a: 396.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Incorrect subsequent spelling of Sarcophaga Meigen, 1826.
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Criteria to make this name available as an emendation were not found to be fulfilled in this work.
1243. Sarcocalirrhoe Townsend, 1928b: 145.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Sarcocalirrhoe zuercheri Townsend, 1928.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Sarcocalirrhoe zuercheri Townsend, 1928, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 34)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1244. Sarcoclista Townsend, 1892n: 122 [1892o: 140].
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Sarcoclista dakotensis Townsend, 1892.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Sarcoclista dakotensis Townsend, 1892 [= Trixoclista distincta Townsend, 1892], by original
designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Erythrandra Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891 [teste Pape (1996: 163)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Sarcoclista was made available in two papers issued simultaneously in the June issue of the
Transactions of the American Entomological Society. Although page precedence is not regulated in the
ICZN Code, most workers give the original citation for this nominal genus as dating from the full
description of it in Townsend (1892n: 122) rather than from Townsend (1892o: 140), in which characters
to differentiate it are given in the key to genera.
1245. Sarcodexia Townsend, 1892m: 105.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Sarcodexia sternodontis Townsend, 1892.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Sarcodexia sternodontis Townsend, 1892 [= Sarcophaga lambens Wiedemann, 1830], by original
designation.
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243
CHARLES HENRY TYLER TOWNSEND
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid subgenus of Peckia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste Buenaventura & Pape (2013: 69)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
1246. Sarcodexiopsis Townsend, 1917i: 190.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Sarcophaga biseriata Aldrich, 1916.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Sarcophaga biseriata Aldrich, 1916, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Pape (1996: 293)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
1247. Sarcolydella Townsend, 1927a: 272.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Sarcolydella analis Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Sarcolydella analis Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Prospherysa Wulp, 1890 [teste Guimarães (1971: 212)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1248. Sarcomacronychia Townsend, 1892n: 100 [1892o: 136].
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Sarcomacronychia unica Townsend, 1892.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Sarcomacronychia unica Townsend, 1892 [= Miltogramma erythrura Wulp, 1890], by original
designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Amobia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste Pape (1996: 72)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Sarcomacronychia was made available in two papers issued simultaneously in the June issue of the
Transactions of the American Entomological Society. Although page precedence is not regulated in the
ICZN Code, most workers give the original citation for this nominal genus as dating from the full
description of it in Townsend (1892n: 100) rather than from Townsend (1892o: 136), in which characters
to differentiate it are given in the key to genera.
1249. Sarconesiopsis Townsend, 1918d: 156.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Sarconesiopsis caerulea Townsend, 1918.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Sarconesiopsis caerulea Townsend, 1918 [= Calliphora chilensis Macquart, 1843], by original
designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste James (1970: 14)].
F
AMILY
: CALLIPHORIDAE.
1250. Sarcophodexia Townsend, 1918a: 161.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Sarcophaga hamata Aldrich, 1916.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Sarcophaga hamata Aldrich, 1916, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Acanthodotheca Townsend, 1918 (subgenus of Blaesoxipha Loew, 1861)
[teste Pape (1996: 177)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
R
EMARK
: Originally proposed as a full genus.
1251. Sarcopromusca Townsend, 1927a: 209.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Sarcopromusca arcuata Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Sarcopromusca arcuata Townsend, 1927 [= Orthellia pruna Shannon & Del Ponte, 1926], by
original designation.
EVENHUIS ET AL.
244
·
Zootaxa 3978 (1) © 2015 Magnolia Press
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Carvalho et al. (2005: 33)].
F
AMILY
: MUSCIDAE.
1252. Sarcoprosena Townsend, 1927a: 228.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Sarcoprosena triangulifera Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Sarcoprosena triangulifera Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 38)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1253. Sarcotachinella Townsend, 1892n: 110 [1892o: 136].
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Sarcotachinella intermedia Townsend, 1892.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Sarcotachinella intermedia Townsend, 1892 [= Sarcophaga sinuata Meigen, 1826], by original
designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid subgenus of Sarcophaga Meigen, 1826 [teste Pape (1996: 406)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Originally described as a full genus. Sarctotachinella was made available in two papers issued
simultaneously in the June issue of the Transactions of the American Entomological Society. Although
page precedence is not regulated in the ICZN Code, most workers give the original citation for this
nominal genus as dating from the full description of it in Townsend (1892n: 110) rather than from
Townsend (1892o: 136), in which characters to differentiate it are given in the key to genera.
1254. Sarothromyiops Townsend, 1917i: 191.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Sarothromyiops cinctus Townsend, 1917.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Sarothromyiops cinctus Townsend, 1917 [= Myobia dasycnemis Thomson, 1869], by original
designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Pape (1996: 429)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
1255. Sarraceniomyia Townsend, 1917i: 192.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Sarcophaga sarraceniae Riley, 1874.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Sarcophaga sarraceniae Riley, 1874, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Bercaeopsis Townsend, 1917 (subgenus of Sarcophaga Meigen, 1826)
[teste Downes in Pape (1996: 304)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Originally proposed as a full genus.
1256. Saundersiopmima Townsend, 1927a: 246.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Saundersiopmima spinosa Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Saundersiopmima spinosa Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Jurinella Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889 [teste Guimarães (1971: 56)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1257. Saundersiops Townsend, 1914i: 138.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Saundersiops confluens Townsend, 1914; Saundersiops cruciata Townsend,
1914; Saundersiops cruciata cayensis Townsend, 1914; Saundersiops simillima Townsend, 1914;
Saundersiops simillima punesis Townsend, 1914.
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245
CHARLES HENRY TYLER TOWNSEND
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Saundersiops confluens Townsend, 1914, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 71)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1258. Scarabaeophaga Townsend, 1918a: 160.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Sarcophaga utilis Aldrich, 1915.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Sarcophaga utilis Aldrich, 1915, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Wohlfahrtiopsis Townsend,1917 (subgenus of Sarcophaga Meigen, 1826)
[teste Pape (1996: 414)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Originally proposed as a full genus.
[Scatophaga] Townsend, 1927a: 210.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Incorrect subsequent spelling of Scathophaga Meigen, 1803 or subsequent usage of Scatophaga
of Fabricius (1805: 203).
F
AMILY
: SCATHOPHAGIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Criteria to make this name available as an emendation were not found to be fulfilled in this work. The
earliest mention of the nominal genus Scathophaga Meigen, 1803 using the spelling “Scatophaga” is by
Fabricius (1805: 203), as an incorrect subsequent spelling.
1259. Schistocercophaga Townsend, 1928c: 152.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Oedematocera dampfi Aldrich, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Oedematocera dampfi Aldrich, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Anisia Wulp, 1890 [teste Wood (1985: 20)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1260. Schistostephana Townsend, 1919b: 551.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Schistostephana aurifrons Townsend, 1919.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Schistostephana aurifrons Townsend, 1919, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 38)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1261. Schizactia Townsend, 1926a: 31.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Schizotachina vitinervis Thompson, 1911.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Schizotachina vitinervis Thompson, 1911, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Phytomyptera Rondani, 1844 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 253)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1262. Schizoceromyia Townsend, 1926b: 542.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Schizotachina fergusoni Bezzi, 1923.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Schizotachina fergusoni Bezzi, 1923, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Ceromya Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste Cantrell & Crosskey (1989:
764)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
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1263. Schizocerophaga Townsend, 1916k: 77.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Schizocerophaga leibyi Townsend, 1916.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Schizocerophaga leibyi Townsend, 1916, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Vibrissina Rondani, 1861 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 109)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1264. Scutellomusca Townsend, 1931d: 313.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Musca scutellaris Fabricius, 1805.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Musca scutellaris Fabricius, 1805, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Carvalho et al. (2005: 148)].
F
AMILY
: MUSCIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: The original proposal of this nominal genus in Townsend (1931d: 313) is listed as “Scutello musca, gen.
nov.” making it appear that the genus-group name is “Scutello” and that the species-group name is
“musca”. Although there is no errata (in this work or subsequently) making a correction, it is clear from
other entries of new genus-group names in this work that the heading is of the genus-group name only.
Thus, following common orthography of this nominal genus in subsequent works as “Scutellomusca”, it is
treated as such here.
1264. Scutellorthellia Townsend, 1933a: 439.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Musca lauta Wiedemann, 1830.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Musca lauta Wiedemann, 1830, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Neomyia Walker, 1859 [teste Pont (1989: 678)].
F
AMILY
: MUSCIDAE.
1265. Senexorista Townsend, 1927h: 63.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Senexorista sumatrana Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Senexorista sumatrana Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Carcelia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste Crosskey (1977b: 664).
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1266. Sericodoria Townsend, 1928b: 149.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Sericodoria sericea Townsend, 1928.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Sericodoria sericea Townsend, 1928, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 213)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1268. Sericophoromyiops Townsend, 1933a: 470.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Tachina dasyops Wiedemann, 1824.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Tachina dasyops Wiedemann, 1824, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Winthemia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste Crosskey (1980: 864)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1269. Sericotachina Townsend, 1916g: 178.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Paratachina vulpecula Wulp, 1896.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Paratachina vulpecula Wulp, 1896, by original designation.
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247
CHARLES HENRY TYLER TOWNSEND
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Crosskey (1977b: 636)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1270. Servilliodes Townsend, 1926d: 37.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Servilliodes sumatrensis Townsend, 1926.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Servilliodes sumatrensis Townsend, 1926, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Tachina Meigen, 1803. New synonymy.
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: There are two original spellings of this nominal genus in Townsend (1926d): Servilliodes (page 37) and
Servilliodos (page 37). By subsequent usage of the author (ICZN Code Article 24.2.4), Townsend (1939c:
62) acted as First Reviser and selected Servilliodes as the correct original spelling. Crosskey (1977b: 637)
placed Servilliodes Townsend, 1926 as a junior synonym of Servillia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830. Servillia
has subsequently been treated as a valid subgenus of Tachina Meigen, 1803 (e.g., Herting, 1984: 86) or as
a junior synonym of Tachina subgenus Tachina (e.g., O’Hara et al., 2009: 175). We thus here treat
Servilliodes Townsend, 1926 as a junior synonym of Tachina Meigen, 1803, n. syn.
[Servilliodos] Townsend, 1926d: 37.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Incorrect subsequent spelling of Servilliodes Townsend, 1926 [teste Townsend (1939c: 62)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1271. Servilliopsis Townsend, 1916m: 314.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Servilliopsis buccata Townsend, 1916.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Servilliopsis buccata Townsend, 1916 [= Echinomyia flavopilosa Bigot, 1888], by original
designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Tachina Meigen, 1803. New synonymy.
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Crosskey (1977b: 637) placed Servilliopsis Townsend, 1916 as a junior synonym of Servillia Robineau-
Desvoidy, 1830. Servillia has subsequently been treated as a valid subgenus of Tachina Meigen, 1803
(e.g., Herting, 1984: 86) or as a junior synonym of Tachina subgenus Tachina (e.g., O’Hara et al., 2009:
175). We thus here treat Servilliopsis Townsend, 1916 as a junior synonym of Tachina Meigen, 1803, n.
syn.
1272. Setasiphona Townsend, 1934e: 248.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Actia siphonosoma Malloch, 1930.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Actia siphonosoma Malloch, 1930, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Actia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste Crosskey (1977b: 642)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1273. Shannoniella Townsend, 1939b: 249.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Shannoniella cuspidata Townsend, 1939.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Shannoniella cuspidata Townsend, 1939, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Pape & Arnaud (2001: 257)].
F
AMILY
: RHINOPHORIDAE.
1274. Shannonomyiella Townsend, 1939b: 252.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Shannonomyiella ortalidoptera Townsend, 1939.
EVENHUIS ET AL.
248
·
Zootaxa 3978 (1) © 2015 Magnolia Press
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Shannonomyiella ortalidoptera Townsend, 1939, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 19)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1275. Signoepalpus Townsend, 1931e: 446.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Signoepalpus spinosus Townsend, 1931.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Signoepalpus spinosus Townsend, 1931, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Saundersiops Townsend, 1914 [teste Guimarães (1971: 71)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
[Signosoma] Townsend, 1914e: 44.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Unavailable name; no differentiating characters or included species; treated under Signosoma
Townsend, 1914 [teste this work].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: This nominal genus was listed in the narrative in Townsend (1914e: 44) without criteria to make it
available there. It was subsequently fully described in a following installment of this series of papers
(Townsend, 1914f: 93).
1276. Signosoma Townsend, 1914f: 93.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Signosoma impressum Townsend, 1914.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Signosoma impressum Townsend, 1914, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 71)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1277. Signosomopsis Townsend, 1914f: 95.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Signosomopsis argentea Townsend, 1914.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Signosomopsis argentea Townsend, 1914, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 72)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1278. Siphoactia Townsend, 1927a: 212.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Siphoactia charapensis Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Siphoactia charapensis Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 170)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1279. Siphoclytia Townsend, 1892n: 116 [1892o: 139].
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Siphoclytia robertsonii Townsend, 1892.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Siphoclytia robertsonii Townsend, 1892, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid subgenus of Genea Rondani, 1850 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 261)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Originally published as a full genus. Siphoclytia was made available in two papers issued
simultaneously in the June issue of the Transactions of the American Entomological Society. Although
page precedence is not regulated in the ICZN Code, most workers give the original citation for this
nominal genus as dating from the full description of it in Townsend (1892n: 116) rather than from
Townsend (1892o: 139), in which characters to differentiate it are given in the key to genera.
Zootaxa 3978 (1) © 2015 Magnolia Press
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249
CHARLES HENRY TYLER TOWNSEND
1280. Siphocrocuta Townsend, 1935c: 229.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Siphocrocuta trinidadensis Townsend, 1935.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Siphocrocuta trinidadensis Townsend, 1935, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 170)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1281. Sipholeskia Townsend, 1916b: 628.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Drepanoglossa occidentalis Coquillett, 1895.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Drepanoglossa occidentalis Coquillett, 1895, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Leskia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste O’Hara & Wood (1998: 757)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
[Siphoniomyia] Townsend, 1927a: 239 [1931b: 166].
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Incorrect subsequent spelling of Siphonionomyia Bigot, 1885 or subsequent usage of
Siphoniomyia of Bigot (1885).
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: The earliest mention of the nominal genus Siphonionomyia Bigot, 1885 using the spelling
“Siphoniomyia” is by Bigot (1885: xii), as an incorrect subsequent spelling [teste Evenhuis & Pont (2004:
54)].
1282. Siphonopsis Townsend, 1916b: 622.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Siphona plusiae Coquillett, 1895.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Siphona plusiae Coquillett, 1895, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Preoccupied by Agassiz, 1846; treated as a valid subgenus of Siphona Meigen, 1803 [teste
O’Hara & Wood (2004: 305)]; senior (but invalid) synonym of Jimimyia Evenhuis, Pont & Whitmore,
n. name. New synonymy.
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Originally proposed as a full genus. Siphonopsis Townsend, 1916 is preoccupied by Siphonopsis
Agassiz, 1846, which has been missed in previous catalogs. Because of the treatment of this nominal
genus as a taxonomically valid subgenus in O’Hara & Wood (2004), we feel confident that this is a
taxonomically valid genus-group taxon and propose the new replacement name Jimimyia for it; honoring
the work of James O’Hara on Siphonini.
1283. Siphophyto Townsend, 1892n: 127 [1892o: 140].
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Siphophyto floridensis Townsend, 1892; Siphophyto neomexicanus Townsend,
1892.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Siphophyto floridensis Townsend, 1892, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Clausicella Rondani, 1856 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 258)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Siphophyto was made available in two papers issued simultaneously in the June issue of the
Transactions of the American Entomological Society. Although page precedence is not regulated in the
ICZN Code, most workers give the original citation for this nominal genus as dating from the full
description of it in Townsend (1892n: 127) rather than from Townsend (1892o: 140), in which characters
to differentiate it are given in the key to genera.
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1284. Siphoplagia Townsend, 1891m: 349.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Siphoplagia anomala Townsend, 1891.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Siphoplagia anomala Townsend, 1891 [= Heteropterina spinulosa Bigot, 1889], by original
designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Plagiomima Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004:
69)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: This name is misspelled as Siphoplaga in the index to this journal (Anonymous, 1891b: viii).
1285. Siphoplagiopsis Townsend, 1917a: 123.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Siphoplagiopsis similis Townsend, 1917.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Siphoplagiopsis similis Townsend, 1917, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Plagiomima Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004:
69)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1286. Siphopsalida Townsend, 1915n: 439.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Siphopsalida meridionalis Townsend, 1915.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Siphopsalida meridionalis Townsend, 1915, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Leucostoma Meigen, 1803 [teste Guimarães (1971: 17)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1287. Siphosturmiopsis Townsend, 1915q: 91.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Siphosturmiopsis rafaeli Townsend, 1915.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Siphosturmiopsis rafaeli Townsend, 1915, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Siphosturmia Coquillett, 1897 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 138)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1288. Sisasarcophaga Townsend, 1928b: 143.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Sisasarcophaga metallica Townsend, 1928.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Sisasarcophaga metallica Townsend, 1928, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Notochaeta Aldrich, 1916 (subgenus of Lepidodexia Brauer &
Bergenstamm, 1891) [teste Pape (1996: 240)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Originally proposed as a full genus.
1289. Sisyphomyia Townsend, 1927a: 257.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Sisyphomyia pygmaea Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Sisyphomyia pygmaea Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 170)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: There are two original spellings of the nominal type species of Sisyphomyia in Townsend (1927a): S.
pygmae (page 257) and S. pygmaea (page 357). Townsend (1927a: second unnumbered page of errata)
corrected the spelling.
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251
CHARLES HENRY TYLER TOWNSEND
1290. Sisyrohoughia Townsend, 1927a: 275.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Sisyrohoughia similis Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Sisyrohoughia similis Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Houghia Coquillett, 1897 [teste Fleming et al. (2014: 9)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1291. Sisyropododexia Townsend, 1927e: 281 [1928a: 367].
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Sisyropododexia luteicornis Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Sisyropododexia luteicornis Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Allothelaira Villeneuve, 1915 [teste Crosskey (1977b: 617)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1292. Sisyrosturmia Townsend, 1926a: 35.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Sisyrosturmia chaetosa Townsend, 1926.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Sisyrosturmia chaetosa Townsend, 1926, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Allophorocera Hendel, 1901 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 157)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1293. Slossonaemyia Townsend, 1916b: 624.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Chaetophleps rostrata Coquillett, 1898.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Chaetophleps rostrata Coquillett, 1898, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Chaetostigmoptera Townsend, 1916 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 82)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
[Somomyia] Townsend, 1892v: 283 [1892y: 36].
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Incorrect spelling of Somomya Bertoloni, 1861 or subsequent usage of Somomyia Rondani,
1868.
F
AMILY
: CALLIPHORIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: The earliest mention of the nominal genus Somomya Bertoloni, 1861 we have found using the spelling
“Somomyia” is Somomyia Rondani (1868a: 51), an unjustified emendation [teste O’Hara et al. (2011:
166)].
1294. Sorochemyia Townsend, 1915g: 45.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Sorochemyia oroya Townsend, 1915.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Sorochemyia oroya Townsend, 1915, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 80)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1295. Spanipalpus Townsend, 1908a: 110.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Trichophora miscelli Coquillett, 1897.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Trichophora miscelli Coquillett, 1897, by monotypy.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Deopalpus Townsend, 1908 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 110)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Although O’Hara & Wood (2004) gave the correct method of type fixation as by monotypy, Sabrosky
& Arnaud (1965: 1003) incorrectly gave the type-species fixation for Spanipalpus Townsend, 1908 as by
original designation. Townsend (1908a: 110) stated “This genus is proposed for Trichophora miscelli
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Coquillett”, which is not an explicit designation of that species as the type [see Evenhuis & Thompson
(1990) and Sabrosky (1999) for more details]. Thus, because there is only one included species, the type
fixation for Spanipalpus is Trichophora miscelli Coquillett, 1897, by monotypy.
1296. Spathidexia Townsend, 1912c: 110.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Spathidexia clemonsi Townsend, 1912.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Spathidexia clemonsi Townsend, 1912, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 47)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1297. Spathimeigenia Townsend, 1915b: 19.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Spathimeigenia spinigera Townsend, 1915.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Spathimeigenia spinigera Townsend, 1915, by
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Vibrissina Rondani, 1861 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 148)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1298. Spathimyia Townsend, 1912f: 318.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Spathimyia ferox Townsend, 1912.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Spathimyia ferox Townsend, 1912, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Eucelatoria Townsend, 1909 [teste Wood (1985: 40)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1299. Sphalloglandulus Townsend, 1915n: 438.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Sphalloglandulus unicus Townsend, 1915.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Sphalloglandulus unicus Townsend, 1915, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Incamyia Townsend, 1912 [teste Guimarães (1971: 136)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1300. Sphenometopa Townsend, 1908a: 64.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Araba nebulosa Coquillett, 1902.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Araba nebulosa Coquillett, 1902, by monotypy.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Pape (1996: 144)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Although Pape (1996: 144) correctly gave the method of type fixation for this nominal genus as by
monotypy, Downes (1965: 939) incorrectly gave the method of type fixation as by original designation.
Townsend (1908a: 64) stated “This genus is proposed for Araba nebulosa Coquillett”, which is not an
explicit designation of that species as the type [see Evenhuis & Thompson (1990) and Sabrosky (1999) for
more details]. Thus, because there is only one included species, the type fixation for Sphenometopa is
Araba nebulosa Coquillett, 1902, by monotypy.
[Spilegaster] Townsend, 1914g: 163.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Incorrect subsequent spelling of Spilogaster Macquart, 1835.
F
AMILY
: MUSCIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Criteria to make this name available as an emendation were not found to be fulfilled in this work.
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CHARLES HENRY TYLER TOWNSEND
1301. Spirobolomyia Townsend, 1917d: 43.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Sarcophaga singularis Aldrich, 1916.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Sarcophaga singularis Aldrich, 1916, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Pape (1996: 430)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
1302. Squamomedina Townsend, 1934f: 392.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Squamomedina squamata Townsend, 1934.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Squamomedina squamata Townsend, 1934, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 108)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1303. Steiniomyia Townsend, 1932a: 54.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Plagia elata Meigen, 1838.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Plagia elata Meigen, 1838, by monotypy.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Hyleorus Aldrich, 1926 [teste O’Hara et al. (2009: 38)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1304. Stenaulacodoria Townsend, 1928e: 161.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Stenaulacodoria spatulata Townsend, 1928.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Stenaulacodoria spatulata Townsend, 1928, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Spathidexia Townsend, 1912 [teste Guimarães (1971: 95)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1305. Stenaulacotheca Townsend, 1919a: 162.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Sarcophaga spatulata Aldrich, 1916.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Sarcophaga spatulata Aldrich, 1916, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Tephromyia Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891 (subgenus of Blaesoxipha Loew,
1861) [teste Pape (1996: 207)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Originally proposed as a full genus.
1306. Stenodexiopsis Townsend, 1926d: 17.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Stenodexiopsis sumatrensis Townsend, 1926.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Stenodexiopsis sumatrensis Townsend, 1926 [secondary homonym of Sumpigaster sumatrensis
Townsend, 1926], by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Sumpigaster Macquart, 1855 [teste Crosskey (1977b: 624)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Crosskey (1976: 197; 1977b: 624) noted that Sumpigaster sumatrensis Townsend, 1926 and
Stenodexiopsis sumatrensis Townsend, 1926 are secondary homonyms of each other since both are
currently placed in Stenodexiopsis, but he preferred not to propose a new replacement name for
Stenodexiopsis sumatrensis Townsend, 1926, pending a full revision of the genus. Since both names were
published in the same work, either could be considered having priority over the other and be replaced if no
available synonyms are found.
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1307. Stenopygopsis Townsend, 1935b: 73.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Stenopygopsis subcylindrica Townsend, 1935.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Stenopygopsis subcylindrica Townsend, 1935, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid subgenus of Lepidodexia Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891 [teste Pape (1996: 64)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Originally proposed as a full genus.
1308. Stenosturmia Townsend, 1927a: 274.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Stenosturmia stricta Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Stenosturmia stricta Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 191)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
[Stephanostoma] Townsend, 1927a: 231.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Unavailable name. See List of Diptera Genus-Group Names Incorrectly Attributed to
Townsend for details.
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
1310. Steveniopsis Townsend, 1919b: 546.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Steveniopsis sinuata Townsend, 1919.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Steveniopsis sinuata Townsend, 1919, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Microchaetina Wulp, 1891 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 27)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
[Stilbomyia] Townsend, 1913a: 43.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Incorrect subsequent spelling of Silbomyia Macquart, 1843 or subsequent usage of Stilbomyia
Agassiz, 1846.
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: The earliest mention of the nominal genus Silbomyia Macquart, 1843 using the spelling “Stilbomyia” is
Stilbomyia Agassiz (1846: 353), as an unjustified emendation.
1310. Stomatolydella Townsend, 1919b: 570.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Stomatolydella infernalis Townsend, 1919.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Stomatolydella infernalis Townsend, 1919, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Myiopharus Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004:
98)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1311. Stomatorhinia Townsend, 1935f: 269.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Unjustified emendation of Stomorhina Rondani, 1861; junior synonym of Stomorhina Rondani,
1861. New synonymy.
F
AMILY
: RHINIIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Name made available by the original and changed spelling appearing together in the same work and the
changed spelling being adopted. Townsend (1935f: 269) listed “Stomatorhinia” as a previously published
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CHARLES HENRY TYLER TOWNSEND
emendation of Stomorhina but no such publication using that spelling and fulfilling the criteria as an
emendation could be found in any work prior to Townsend (1935f).
1312. Stomatotachina Townsend, 1931e: 464.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Stomatotachina splendida Townsend, 1931.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Stomatotachina splendida Townsend, 1931 [= Parasetigena porteri Brèthes, 1920], by original
designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 160)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1313. Strobliomyia Townsend, 1926a: 31.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Thryptocera fissicornis Strobl, 1909.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Thryptocera fissicornis Strobl, 1909, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Peribaea Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863 [teste O’Hara et al. (2009: 165)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1314. Strongyloneuropsis Townsend, 1928a: 376.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Strongyloneuropsis malayensis Townsend, 1928.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Strongyloneuropsis malayensis Townsend, 1928, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Isomyia Walker, 1860 [teste James (1977: 547)].
F
AMILY
: RHINIIDAE.
1315. Sturmimasiphya Townsend, 1935c: 230.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Sturmimasiphya ciliata Townsend, 1935.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Sturmimasiphya ciliata Townsend, 1935, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 200)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1316. Sturmioactia Townsend, 1927a: 261.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Sturmioactia auronigra Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Sturmioactia auronigra Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 192)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1317. Sturmiodexia Townsend, 1919b: 549.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Sturmiodexia rubescens Townsend, 1919.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Sturmiodexia rubescens Townsend, 1919, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 35)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1318. Sturmiodoria Townsend, 1928a: 391.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Sturmiodoria facialis Townsend, 1928.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Sturmiodoria facialis Townsend, 1928, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Drino Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste O’Hara et al. (2009: 66)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
EVENHUIS ET AL.
256
·
Zootaxa 3978 (1) © 2015 Magnolia Press
1319. Sturmiomima Townsend, 1934f: 404.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Sturmiomima sturmioides Townsend, 1934.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Sturmiomima sturmioides Townsend, 1934, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 192)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1320. Sturmiopsis Townsend, 1916m: 313.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Sturmiopsis inferens Townsend, 1916.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Sturmiopsis inferens Townsend, 1916, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste O’Hara et al. (2009: 82)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1321. Stylogynemyia Townsend, 1927d: 280.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Stylogynemyia cylindrica Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Stylogynemyia cylindrica Townsend, 1927 [= Xenolophosia hamulata Villeneuve, 1926], by
original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Lophosia Meigen, 1824 [teste O’Hara et al. (2009: 128)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1322. Stylurodoria Townsend, 1933a: 476.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Stylurodoria stylata Townsend, 1933.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Stylurodoria stylata Townsend, 1933, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Sisyropa Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889 [teste O’Hara et al. (2009: 82)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1323. Succingulodes Townsend, 1935c: 225.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Succingulodes elodioides Townsend, 1935.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Succingulodes elodioides Townsend, 1935, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 149)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1324. Suioestrus Townsend, 1921a: 134.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Suioestrus cookii Townsend, 1921.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Suioestrus cookii Townsend, 1921, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Poole (1996: 203)].
F
AMILY
: OESTRIDAE.
1325. Sumatrodexia Townsend, 1926d: 26.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Sumatrodexia brevirostris Townsend, 1926.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Sumatrodexia brevirostris Townsend, 1926 [= Dexia extendens Walker, 1856], by original
designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Dexia Meigen, 1826 [teste Crosskey (1977b: 601)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
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257
CHARLES HENRY TYLER TOWNSEND
1326. Sumatrodoria Townsend, 1927h: 64.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Sumatrodoria summaria Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Sumatrodoria summaria Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Palexorista Townsend, 1921 (subgenus of Drino Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830)
[teste Crosskey (1977b: 677)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: At the time Crosskey (1977b: 677) treated Sumatrodoria Townsend, 1927 as a junior synonym of
Palexorista Townsend, 1921, the latter was considered a full genus. Palexorista is currently considered a
subgenus of Drino Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste O’Hara et al. (2009: 67).]
1327. Sumatrosturmia Townsend, 1927h: 70.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Sumatrosturmia orbitalis Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Sumatrosturmia orbitalis Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Blepharipa Rondani, 1856 [teste O’Hara et al. (2009: 102)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1328. Sumatrotachina Townsend, 1927h: 59, 70.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Sumatrotachina facialis Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Sumatrotachina facialis Townsend, 1927 [= Echinomyia lampros Wulp, 1896], by original
designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Mikia Kowarz, 1885 [teste Crosskey (1977b: 635)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1329. Sumichrastia Townsend, 1916g: 178.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Hystrichodexia aurea Giglio-Tos, 1893.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Hystrichodexia aurea Giglio-Tos, 1893, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 35)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1330. Synamphoneuropsis Townsend, 1917h: 199.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Synamphoneuropsis viridis Townsend, 1917.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Synamphoneuropsis viridis Townsend, 1917, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Cosmina Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste James (1977: 544; in
Calliphoridae)].
F
AMILY
: RHINIIDAE.
1331. Synorbitomyia Townsend, 1933a: 442.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Hoplacephala linearis Villeneuve, 1929.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Hoplacephala linearis Villeneuve, 1929, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Hoplacephala Macquart, 1846 [teste Pape (1996: 90)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
1332. Synthesiostrebla Townsend, 1913e: 98.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Synthesiostrebla amorphochili Townsend, 1913.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Synthesiostrebla amorphochili Townsend, 1913, by original designation.
EVENHUIS ET AL.
258
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Zootaxa 3978 (1) © 2015 Magnolia Press
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Wenzel (1970: 12)].
F
AMILY
: HIPPOBOSCIDAE.
1333. Syringosoma Townsend, 1917c: 232.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Syringosoma pennipes Townsend, 1917.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Syringosoma pennipes Townsend, 1917, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 8)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1334. Tachinodexia Townsend, 1933a: 457.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Tachina flavipennis Wiedemann, 1824.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Tachina flavipennis Wiedemann, 1824, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Sumpigaster Macquart, 1855 [teste Crosskey (1977b: 624)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1335. Tachinomyia Townsend, 1892n: 96 [1892o: 135].
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Tachinomyia robusta Townsend, 1892; Tachinomyia floridensis Townsend,
1891.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Tachinomyia robusta Townsend, 1892 [= Tachina panaetius Walker, 1849], by original
designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 155)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Tachinomyia was made available in two papers issued simultaneously in the June issue of the
Transactions of the American Entomological Society. Although page precedence is not regulated in the
ICZN Code, most workers give the original citation for this nominal genus as dating from the full
description of it in Townsend (1892n: 96) rather than from Townsend (1892o: 135), in which characters to
differentiate it are given in the key to genera.
1336. Tachinophasia Townsend, 1931d: 323.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Tachinophasia transita Townsend, 1931.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Tachinophasia transita Townsend, 1931, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 17)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1337. Tachinophyto Townsend, 1892n: 130 [1892o: 140].
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Tachinophyto floridensis Townsend, 1892.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Tachinophyto floridensis Townsend, 1892, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Myiopharus Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004:
98)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Tachinophyto was made available in two papers issued simultaneously in the June issue of the
Transactions of the American Entomological Society. Although page precedence is not regulated in the
ICZN Code, most workers give the original citation for this nominal genus as dating from the full
description of it in Townsend (1892n: 130) rather than from Townsend (1892o: 140), in which characters
to differentiate it are given in the key to genera.
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·
259
CHARLES HENRY TYLER TOWNSEND
1338. Tachinophytopsis Townsend, 1927a: 277.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Tachinophytopsis carinata Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Tachinophytopsis carinata Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Eucelatoria Townsend, 1909 [teste Wood (1985: 20)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1339. Tachinosoma Townsend, 1927a: 246.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Tachinosoma corpulentum Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Tachinosoma corpulentum Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Jurinella Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889 [teste Guimarães (1971: 56)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
[Tackina] Townsend, 1921a: 133.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Incorrect subsequent spelling of Tachina Meigen, 1803.
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Criteria to make this name available as an emendation were not found to be fulfilled in this work.
1340. Tapajohoughia Townsend, 1934f: 405.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Tapajohoughia tropica Townsend, 1934.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Tapajohoughia tropica Townsend, 1934, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Houghia Coquillett, 1897 [teste Fleming et al. (2014: 10)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1341. Tapajoleskia Townsend, 1934f: 396.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Tapajoleskia taurea Townsend, 1934.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Tapajoleskia taurea Townsend, 1934, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 119)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1342. Tapajomintho Townsend, 1934f: 394.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Tapajomintho nigriventris Townsend, 1934.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Tapajomintho nigriventris Townsend, 1934, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Actinochaeta Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889 [teste Guimarães (1971: 113)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1343. Tapajosia Townsend, 1934c: 205.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Tapajosia urucurytuba Townsend, 1934.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Tapajosia urucurytuba Townsend, 1934, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 8)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1344. Taperamyia Townsend, 1935c: 223.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Taperamyia pickeli Townsend, 1935.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Taperamyia pickeli Townsend, 1935, by original designation.
EVENHUIS ET AL.
260
·
Zootaxa 3978 (1) © 2015 Magnolia Press
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 102)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1345. Tasmaniomyia Townsend, 1916i: 152.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Masicera viridiventris Macquart, 1847.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Masicera viridiventris Macquart, 1847, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Cantrell & Crosskey (1989: 779)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
[Tchinaa] Townsend, 1940c: 130.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Incorrect subsequent spelling of Tachina Meigen, 1803.
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Criteria to make this name available a an emendation were not found to be fulfilled in this work. The
misspelling was corrected in Townsend (1943a: 331).
1346. Telothyriosoma Townsend, 1919b: 564.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Telothyriosoma tersa Townsend, 1919.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Telothyriosoma tersa Townsend, 1919, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Ophirion Townsend, 1911 [teste Wood (1985: 67)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
[Tephomyiella] Townsend, 1918a: 164.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Incorrect original spelling of Tephromyiella Townsend, 1918 [teste Townsend (1935f: 198)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
1347. Tephramobia Townsend, 1926d: 14.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Tephramobia trixina Townsend, 1926.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Tephramobia trixina Townsend, 1926, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Hoplacephala Macquart, 1846 [teste Pape (1996: 90)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
1348. Tephromyiella Townsend, 1918a: 164.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Tephromyiella frankliniana Townsend, 1918.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Tephromyiella frankliniana Townsend, 1918 [= Sarcophaga atlanis Aldrich, 1916], by original
designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Blaesoxipha Loew, 1861 [teste Pape (1996: 187)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: There are two original spellings of this nominal genus in Townsend (1918a): Tephromyiella (page 164)
and Tephomyiella (page 164). By subsequent usage of the author (ICZN Code Article 24.2.4), Townsend
(1935f: 198) acted as First Reviser and selected Tephromyiella as the correct original spelling.
1349. Tephromyiopsis Townsend, 1919b: 544.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Megerlea rufocaudatata Bigot, 1888 (as “Megerlea rufocaudata Bigot, 1881”).
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Megerlea rufocaudatata Bigot, 1888 (as “Megerlea rufocaudata Bigot, 1881”), by original
designation.
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261
CHARLES HENRY TYLER TOWNSEND
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Camptops Aldrich, 1916 (subgenus of Lepidodexia Brauer & Bergenstamm,
1861) [teste Pape (1996: 230)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
REMARKS: Originally proposed as a full genus.
1350. Tersesthes Townsend, 1892z: 370.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Tersesthes torrens Townsend, 1892.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Tersesthes torrens Townsend, 1892, by monotypy.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Leptoconops Skuse, 1889 [teste Borkent & Grogan (2009: 4)].
F
AMILY
: CERATOPOGONIDAE.
1351. Thecocarcelia Townsend, 1933a: 471.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Argyrophylax pelmatoprocta Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Argyrophylax pelmatoprocta Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891 [= Masicera acutangula Macquart,
1850], by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Herting & Dely-Draskovits (1993: 219)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
[Thelairochaetoma] Townsend, 1919b: 599.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Incorrect original spelling of Thelairochaetona Townsend, 1919 [teste Townsend (1940c:
109)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1352. Thelairochaetona Townsend, 1919b: 559.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Thelairochaetona thrix Townsend, 1919.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Thelairochaetona thrix Townsend, 1919, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 157)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: There are two original spellings of this nominal genus in Townsend (1919b): Thelairochaetona (page
599) and Thelairochaetoma (page 599). By subsequent usage of the author (ICZN Code Article 24.2.4),
Townsend (1940c: 109) acted as First Reviser and selected Thelairochaetona as the correct original
spelling.
1353. Thelairodoria Townsend, 1927a: 266.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Thelairodoria thrix Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Thelairodoria thrix Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 108)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1354. Thelairoleskia Townsend, 1926d: 23.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Thelairoleskia bicolor Townsend, 1926.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Thelairoleskia bicolor Townsend, 1926, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Crosskey (1977b: 629)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
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262
·
Zootaxa 3978 (1) © 2015 Magnolia Press
1355. Thelairomima Townsend, 1935c: 222.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Thelairomima pictipennis Townsend, 1935.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Thelairomima pictipennis Townsend, 1935, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Uramya Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste Guimarães (1980: 193)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1356. Thelairophasia Townsend, 1919a: 173.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Thelairophasia transita Townsend, 1919.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Thelairophasia transita Townsend, 1919, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 173)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1357. Thelodiscoprosopa Townsend, 1933a: 444.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Thelodiscoprosopa formosana Townsend, 1933.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Thelodiscoprosopa formosana Townsend, 1933, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Phylloteles Loew, 1844 [teste Pape (1996: 127)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
1358. Thelycarcelia Townsend, 1933a: 475.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Thelycarcelia thrix Townsend, 1933.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Thelycarcelia thrix Townsend, 1933. by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Thecocarcelia Townsend, 1933 [teste O’Hara et al. (2009: 82)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1359. Thelylepticocnema Townsend, 1917d: 43.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Sarcophaga incurva Aldrich, 1916.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Sarcophaga incurva Aldrich, 1916, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Tripanurga Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891 [teste Pape (1996: 437)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
1360. Thelyoxynops Townsend, 1927a: 273.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Thelyoxynops orbitalis Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Thelyoxynops orbitalis Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 150)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1361. Thelyphaenopsis Townsend, 1927a: 262.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Thelyphaenopsis atra Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Thelyphaenopsis atra Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Myiopharus Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889 [teste Wood (1985: 61)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1362. Theresiopsis Townsend, 1916m: 300.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Theresiopsis ficorum Townsend, 1916.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Theresiopsis ficorum Townsend, 1916, by original designation.
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263
CHARLES HENRY TYLER TOWNSEND
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Billaea Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste Crosskey (1977b: 600)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1363. Therobiopsis Townsend, 1919a: 166.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Aulacephala braueri Kertész, 1899.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Aulacephala braueri Kertész, 1899, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Therobia Brauer, 1862 [teste Crosskey (1980: 836)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1364. Thysanopsis Townsend, 1917c: 231.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Thysanopsis albicauda Townsend, 1917.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Thysanopsis albicauda Townsend, 1917, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 187)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1365. Thysanosturmia Townsend, 1927a: 271.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Thysanosturmia scutellaris Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Thysanosturmia scutellaris Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 193)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
[Tichina] Townsend, 1921a: 133.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Incorrect subsequent spelling of Tachina Meigen, 1803.
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Criteria to make this name available as an emendation were not found to be fulfilled in this work.
1366. Tinalydella Townsend, 1927a: 265.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Tinalydella tinensis Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Tinalydella tinensis Townsend, 1927, original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Eucelatoria Townsend, 1909 [teste Wood (1985: 40)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1367. Tinanemorilla Townsend, 1927a: 266.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Tinanemorilla angustipennis Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Tinanemorilla angustipennis Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Nemorilla Rondani, 1856 [teste Guimarães (1971: 195)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1368. Tipulidomima Townsend, 1933a: 458.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Tipulidomima tessmanni Townsend, 1933.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Tipulidomima tessmanni Townsend, 1933, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Crosskey (1980: 842)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
EVENHUIS ET AL.
264
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1369. Tipuloleskia Townsend, 1931d: 331.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Tipuloleskia mima Townsend, 1931.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Tipuloleskia mima Townsend, 1931, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 331)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1370. Titanogrypa Townsend, 1917d: 44.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Sarcophaga alata Aldrich, 1916.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Sarcophaga alata Aldrich, 1916, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Pape (1996: 431)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
[Tochina] Townsend, 1933a: 479.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Incorrect subsequent spelling of Tachina Meigen, 1803.
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Criteria to make this name available as an emendation were not found to be fulfilled in this work.
1371. Topomeigenia Townsend, 1919b: 575.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Topomeigenia matutina Townsend, 1919.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Topomeigenia matutina Townsend, 1919, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 193)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1372. Tortriciophaga Townsend, 1916b: 625.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Pseudomyothyria totricis Coquillett, 1895.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Pseudomyothyria totricis Coquillett, 1895, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Erynnia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 171)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1373. Torynotachina Townsend, 1915r: 102.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Torynotachina quinteri Townsend, 1915.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Torynotachina quinteri Townsend, 1915, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Medina Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 95)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
[Toxorrhina] Townsend, 1892p: 151.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Incorrect subsequent spelling of Toxorhina Loew, 1850 or subsequent usage of Toxorrhina
Osten Sacken, 1869.
F
AMILY
: LIMONIIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: The earliest mention of the nominal genus Toxorhina Loew, 1850 we have found in this study using the
spelling “Toxorrhina” is Toxorrhina Osten Sacken (1869: 113), as an unjustified emendation, n. syn.
1374. Tracheomyia Townsend, 1916i: 160.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Oestrus macropi Froggatt, 1913.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Oestrus macropi Froggatt, 1913, by original designation.
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265
CHARLES HENRY TYLER TOWNSEND
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Evenhuis (1989b: 719)].
F
AMILY
: OESTRIDAE.
1375. Trepophrys Townsend, 1908a: 95.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Trepophrys cinerea Townsend, 1908.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Trepophrys cinerea Townsend, 1908, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 213; as “Trepophrix”)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1376. Triachora Townsend, 1908a: 105.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Latreillia unifasciata Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 (with “Exorista flavicauda
Riley” in synonymy).
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Latreillia unifasciata Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, by monotypy.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Belvosia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 160)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
[Tricharea] Townsend, 1931a: 73.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Incorrect subsequent spelling of Tricharaea Thomson, 1869.
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Criteria to make this name available as an emendation were not found to be fulfilled in this work.
1377. Trichinochaeta Townsend, 1917c: 224.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Trichinochaeta orbitalis Townsend, 1917.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Trichinochaeta orbitalis Townsend, 1917, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 151)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
[Trichiopoda] Townsend, 1913h: 147 [1927a: 210; 1931a: 84].
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Incorrect subsequent spelling of Trichopoda Berthold, 1827 or subsequent usage of
Trichiopoda of Latreille (1829).
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Criteria to make this name available as an emendation were not found to be fulfilled in these works. The
earliest mention of the nominal genus Trichopoda Berthold, 1827 using the spelling “Trichiopoda” is by
Latreille (1829: xxi, 512), as an incorrect subsequent spelling.
1378. Trichoberia Townsend, 1933a: 439.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Trichoberia rufopilosa Townsend, 1933.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Trichoberia rufopilosa Townsend, 1933 [= Rhynchomyia lanata Villeneuve, 1920], by original
designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Pont (1980c: 787; as Calliphoridae)].
F
AMILY
: RHINIIDAE.
1379. Trichobius Townsend, 1891e: 105.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Trichobius dugesii Townsend, 1891.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Trichobius dugesii Townsend, 1891, by monotypy.
EVENHUIS ET AL.
266
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Zootaxa 3978 (1) © 2015 Magnolia Press
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Preoccupied by Gervais, 1844; junior synonym of Trichobius Gervais, 1844 [teste Wenzel
(1970: 3)].
F
AMILY
: HIPPOBOSCIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Wenzel (1970: 3) gave the method of type-species fixation for Trichobius Townsend, 1908 as by
original designation. Examination of the original description found no evidence of an original designation,
thus the type species for Trichobius Townsend, 1891 is Trichobius dugesii Townsend, 1891, by monotypy.
1380. Trichocalliphora Townsend, 1915b: 20.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Calliphora villosa Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Calliphora villosa Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [= Musca stygia Fabricius, 1781], by original
designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Neocalliphora Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891 (subgenus of Calliphora
Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830) [teste Kurahashi (1989: 704)].
F
AMILY
: CALLIPHORIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Originally proposed as a full genus.
1381. Trichoclytia Townsend, 1916b: 633.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Clytiomyia atrata Coquillett, 1895.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Clytiomyia atrata Coquillett, 1895 [= Evibrissa americana Bigot, 1889], by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Opesia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 226)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1382. Trichodejeania Townsend, 1913m: 104.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Dejeania vexatrix Osten Sacken, 1877.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Dejeania vexatrix Osten Sacken, 1877, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Adejeania Townsend, 1913 [teste Guimarães (1971: 46)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1383. Trichoduropsis Townsend, 1919a: 169.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Trichodura recta Schiner, 1868.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Trichodura recta Schiner, 1868, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Trichodura Macquart, 1843 [teste Guimarães (1971: 103)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1384. Trichoepalpus Townsend, 1914j: 156.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Trichoepalpus emarginatus Townsend, 1914.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Trichoepalpus emarginatus Townsend, 1914, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 72)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
[Tricholyga] Townsend, 1892o: 133.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Incorrect subsequent spelling of Tricoliga Rondani, 1856 or subsequent usage of Tricholyga by
Rondani (1865: 207).
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
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CHARLES HENRY TYLER TOWNSEND
R
EMARKS
: The earliest mention of the nominal genus Tricoliga Rondani, 1856 we have found in this study using
the spelling “Tricholyga” by Rondani (1865: 207), as an incorrect subsequent spelling [teste O’Hara et al.
(2011: 182)].
1385. Trichometallea Townsend, 1917h: 194.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Trichometallica pollinosa Townsend, 1917.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Trichometallica pollinosa Townsend, 1917, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Rhyncomya Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste James (1977: 553)].
F
AMILY
: RHINIIDAE.
1386. Trichoneura Townsend, 1935f: 269.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Unjustified emendation of Trisonevra Lioy, 1864; junior synonym of Stevenia Robineau-
Desvoidy, 1830. New synonymy.
F
AMILY
: RHINOPHORIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Name made available by the original and changed spelling appearing together in the same work and the
changed spelling being adopted. Townsend (1935f: 269) listed “Trichoneura (nec Ly)” as a previously
published emendation of Trisonevra (as “Trisoneura”) but no such publication using that spelling and
fulfilling the criteria as an emendation could be found in any work prior to Townsend (1935f).
1387. Trichophasia Townsend, 1939e: 447.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Trichophasia transita Townsend, 1939.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Trichophasia transita Townsend, 1939, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Preoccupied by Swainson, 1839; junior synonym of Phasia Latreille, 1804 [teste Sun &
Marshall (2003: 19)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
[Trichophoropsis] Townsend, 1914a: 11.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Unavailable name; no differentiating characters or included species; treated under
Trichophoropsis Townsend, 1914 [teste this work].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: This nominal genus was listed in the narrative in Townsend (1914a: 11) without criteria to make it
available there. It was subsequently fully described in a subsequent installment of this series of papers
(Townsend, 1914e: 42).
1388. Trichophoropsis Townsend, 1914e: 42.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Trichophoropsis puna Townsend, 1914; Trichophoropsis nitens Townsend,
1914.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Trichophoropsis puna Townsend, 1914, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Preoccupied by Bonaparte, 1854; senior (but invalid) synonym of Anicesa Koçak & Kemal,
2010 [teste Koçak & Kemal (2010: 158)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
[Trichophticus] Townsend, 1892x: 293.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Incorrect subsequent spelling of Tricophthicus Rondani, 1861 or subsequent usage of
Trichophticus Rondani, 1871.
F
AMILY
: MUSCIDAE.
EVENHUIS ET AL.
268
·
Zootaxa 3978 (1) © 2015 Magnolia Press
R
EMARKS
: The earliest mention of the nominal genus Tricophthicus Rondani, 1861 we have found using the
spelling “Trichophticus” is Trichophticus Rondani (1871: 335), as an unjustified emendation [teste
O’Hara et al. (2011: 184)].
1389. Trichopododes Townsend, 1893d: 166.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Homogenia rufipes Wulp, 1892; Homogenia latipennis Wulp, 1892; Homogenia
nigroscutellata Wulp, 1892.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Homogenia rufipes Wulp, 1892, automatic [by designation of the same species for Homogenia
Wulp, 1892 (by subsequent designation) by Brauer & Bergenstamm (1894: 87)].
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Unnecessary new replacement name for Homogenia Wulp, 1892; junior synonym of
Homogenia Wulp, 1892 [teste Guimarães (1971: 7)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Townsend (1893d: 166) errantly believed that Homogenia Wulp, 1892 was preoccupied by Homogenes
Chevrolat, 1862 and proposed Trichopododes as a new replacement name for Wulp’s name.
1390. Trichopodopsis Townsend, 1913h: 148.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: None.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Musca pennipes Fabricius, 1781, by subsequent monotypy (in Anonymous, 1913: 313).
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Galactomyia Townsend, 1908 (subgenus of Trichopoda Berthold, 1827)
[teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 233)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Originally proposed as a full genus. Townsend (1913h: 148) had two lines (lines 5 and 6 from the
bottom) that were reversed, thus making it appear that there were no included species for Trichopodopsis
and the type species of Trichopoda Latreille (misspelled as “Trichiopoda”) was Musca pennipes Fabricius,
1781. An errata of unknown authorship (Anonymous, 1913: 313) corrected the mistake. There are no rules
in the ICZN Code governing corrections of type species in errata published subsequent to the original
publication. We therefore take a conservative view of the situation and conclude that the method of type
fixation for Trichopodopsis Townsend, 1913 is by subsequent monotypy.
[Trichoprosopa] Townsend, 1936c: 69.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Incorrect subsequent spelling of Trichoprosopus Macquart, 1843 or subsequent usage of
Trichoprosopa of Walker (1860).
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Criteria to make this name available as an emendation were not found to be fulfilled in this work. This
misspelling was corrected in Townsend (1937b: 253). The earliest mention of the nominal genus
Trichoprosopus Macquart, 1843 using the spelling “Trichoprosopa” is by Walker (1860: 157), as an
incorrect subsequent spelling.
[Trichopticus] Townsend, 1892x: 291.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Incorrect subsequent spelling of Tricophthicus Rondani, 1861 or subsequent usage of
Trichopticus Schnabl, 1889.
F
AMILY
: MUSCIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: The earliest mention of the nominal genus Tricophthicus Rondani, 1861 using the spelling
“Trichopticus” is Trichopticus Schnabl (1889: 345), as an unjustified emendation, n. syn.
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269
CHARLES HENRY TYLER TOWNSEND
1391. Trichopyrrhosia Townsend, 1927a: 243.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Trichopyrrhosia uruhuasi Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Trichopyrrhosia uruhuasi Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 119)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1392. Trichosaundersia Townsend, 1914i: 137.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Trichosaundersia lineata Townsend, 1914.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Trichosaundersia lineata Townsend, 1914, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 72)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1393. Trichoschizotachina Townsend, 1935c: 228.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Trichoschizotachina trinitas Townsend, 1935.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Trichoschizotachina trinitas Townsend, 1935, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 171)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1394. Trichotopteryx Townsend, 1919b: 586.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Trichotopteryx tropica Townsend, 1919.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Trichotopteryx tropica Townsend, 1919, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 170)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1395. Tricyclopsis Townsend, 1916i: 152.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Rhynchomyia dubia Macquart, 1855.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Rhynchomyia dubia Macquart, 1855, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Paracalliphora Townsend, 1916 (subgenus of Calliphora Robineau-
Desvoidy, 1830) [teste this work]. New synonymy.
F
AMILY
: CALLIPHORIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Originally proposed as a full genus. This genus-group name is missing from the catalog by Kurahashi
(1989: 704–705) and appears not to have been treated in any recent taxonomic study. However, the type
species (Rhynchomyia dubia Macquart, 1855) is listed in Kurahashi (1989) as a member of the subgenus
Paracalliphora Townsend, 1916. Because of the treatment by Kurahashi (1989) of its type species, we
thus treat Tricyclopsis Townsend, 1916 as a junior synonym of Paracalliphora Townsend, 1916, n. syn.
1396. Trinitodexia Townsend, 1935c: 222.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Trinitodexia trichops Townsend, 1935.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Trinitodexia trichops Townsend, 1935, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 97)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1397. Trinitodoria Townsend, 1935c: 233.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Trinitodoria media Townsend, 1935.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Trinitodoria media Townsend, 1935, by original designation.
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C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Anisia Wulp, 1890 [teste Wood (1985: 20)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1398. Triodontopyga Townsend, 1927a: 268.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Triodontopyga tridens Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Triodontopyga tridens Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 213)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1399. Trisisyropa Townsend, 1916f: 28.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Trisisyropa vesiculata Townsend, 1916.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Trisisyropa vesiculata Townsend, 1916, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Winthemia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 205].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1400. Trixoclista Townsend, 1892n: 102 [1892o: 136].
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Trixoclista distincta Townsend, 1892.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Trixoclista distincta Townsend, 1892, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Erythrandra Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891 [teste Pape (1996: 163)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Trixoclista was made available in two papers issued simultaneously in the June issue of the
Transactions of the American Entomological Society. Although page precedence is not regulated in the
ICZN Code, most workers give the original citation for this nominal genus as dating from the full
description of it in Townsend (1892n: 102) rather than from Townsend (1892o: 136), in which characters
to differentiate it are given in the key to genera.
1401. Trixodopsis Townsend, 1933c: 527.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Trixodopsis facialis Townsend, 1933.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Trixodopsis facialis Townsend, 1933, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 26)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1402. Trixosarcophaga Townsend, 1917i: 191.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Sarcophaga aurigena Townsend, 1912.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Sarcophaga aurigena Townsend, 1912, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Ravinia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863 [teste Pape (1996: 284)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
1403. Trochilochaeta Townsend, 1940b: 891.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Trochilochaeta transcendens Townsend, 1940.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Trochilochaeta transcendens Townsend, 1940, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 88)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
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CHARLES HENRY TYLER TOWNSEND
1404. Trochilodexia Townsend, 1915b: 22.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Mochlosoma anale Giglio-Tos, 1893.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Mochlosoma anale Giglio-Tos, 1893, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Mochlosoma Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889 [teste Guimarães (1971: 30)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1405. Trochiloglossa Townsend, 1919b: 561.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Trochiloglossa tropica Townsend, 1919.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Trochiloglossa tropica Townsend, 1919, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 119)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1406. Trochiloleskia Townsend, 1917c: 226.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Trochiloleskia flava Townsend, 1917.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Trochiloleskia flava Townsend, 1917, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 119)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1407. Tromodesiana Townsend, 1931d: 339.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Dexia thomae Wiedemann, 1830.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Dexia thomae Wiedemann, 1830, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 102)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1408. Tromodesiopsis Townsend, 1927a: 221.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Tromodesia haemorrhoidalis Bigot, 1889 (with “Musca atrifrons W” in
synonymy).
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Tromodesia haemorrhoidalis Bigot, 1889 [= Musca atrifrons Wiedemann, 1830], by original
designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 102)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1409. Trongia Townsend, 1916m: 299.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Trongia viridis Townsend, 1916.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Trongia viridis Townsend, 1916 [= Musca micans Fabricius, 1805], by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Catapicephala Macquart, 1851 [teste Townsend, 1940a: 398)].
F
AMILY
: CALLIPHORIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: This nominal genus was omitted in the catalog of Oriental Calliphoridae by James (1977). Townsend
(1919a: 182) synonymized his Trongia Townsend, 1916 from Thailand with Catapicephala Macquart,
1851 from Java, and later (Townsend, 1940b: 398) synonymized Trongia viridis Townsend, 1916 with
Musca micans Fabricius, 1805 from India, the latter of which was also omitted from the Oriental catalog
(James, 1977: 532). We follow current usage (e.g., Kurahashi & Magpayo, 2000) in treating Trongia
Townsend, 1916 as a junior synonym of Catapicephala Macquart, 1851.
1410. Tropidodexia Townsend, 1915d: 66.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Tropidodexia lutzi Townsend, 1915.
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T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Tropidodexia lutzi Townsend, 1915, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 22)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1411. Tropidopsiomorpha Townsend, 1927a: 226.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Tropidopsiomorpha tropica Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Tropidopsiomorpha tropica Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 36)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1412. Trypetidomima Townsend, 1935b: 68.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Trypetidomima lutea Townsend, 1935.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Trypetidomima lutea Townsend, 1935, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Pape & Arnaud (2001: 257)].
F
AMILY
: RHINOPHORIDAE.
[Tubercolocera] Townsend, 1927a: 241.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Incorrect original spelling of Tuberculocera Townsend, 1927 [teste Townsend (1927a: second
unnumbered page of errata)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1413. Tuberculocera Townsend, 1927a: 246.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Tuberculocera ochracea Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Tuberculocera ochracea Townsend, 1927 [= Dumerillia rubida Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830], by
original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Dumerillia Robineau-Desvoidy 1830 [teste Guimarães (1971: 53)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: There are two original spellings of this genus in Townsend (1927a): Tubercolocera (page 246) and
Tuberculocera (page 363). Townsend (1927a: second unnumbered page of errata) corrected the spelling.
1414. Tulaeopoda Townsend, 1917i: 190.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Sarcophaga pervillosa Aldrich, 1916.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Sarcophaga pervillosa Aldrich, 1916, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Pape (1996: 438)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
[Tutilodexia] Townsend, 1928a: 368.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Incorrect subsequent spelling of Rutilodexia Townsend, 1915.
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Criteria to make this name available as an emendation were not found to be fulfilled in this work.
1415. Tylodexia Townsend, 1926d: 27.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Tylodexia tenuis Townsend, 1926.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Tylodexia tenuis Townsend, 1926 [= Dexia precedens Walker, 1859], by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Crosskey (1977b: 606)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
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CHARLES HENRY TYLER TOWNSEND
1416. Ucayalimyia Townsend, 1927a: 378.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Ucayalimyia antlerata Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Ucayalimyia antlerata Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 213)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1417. Uclesiopsis Townsend, 1931e: 461.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Uclesia varicornis Curran, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Uclesia varicornis Curran, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Uclesia Girschner, 1901 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 71)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
[Udamoctia] Townsend, 1931a: 78.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Incorrect subsequent spelling of Udamoctis Enderlein, 1928.
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Criteria to make this name available as an emendation were not found to be fulfilled in this work.
1418. Ugimeigenia Townsend, 1916m: 316.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Ugimeigenia elzneri Townsend, 1916.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Ugimeigenia elzneri Townsend, 1916, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Cantrell & Crosskey (1989: 780)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1419. Umbelusia Townsend, 1917i: 194.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Umbelusia analis Townsend, 1917.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Umbelusia analis Townsend, 1917, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Sarcophaga Meigen, 1826 [teste Pape (1996: 420)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
1420. Upodemocera Townsend, 1915u: 228.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Upodemocera robinsoni Townsend, 1915.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Upodemocera robinsoni Townsend, 1915 [= Jurinia nitida Wulp, 1882], by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Rhachogaster Townsend, 1915 (subgenus of Tachina Meigen, 1803) [teste
O’Hara & Wood (2004: 330)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Originally proposed as a full genus.
[Uramyia] Townsend, 1892u: 275.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Incorrect subsequent spelling of Uramya Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 or subsequent usage of
Uramyia Agassiz, 1846.
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: The earliest mention of the nominal genus Uramya Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 we have found using the
spelling “Uramyia” is Uramyia Agassiz (1846: 41), as an unjustified emendation [teste Evenhuis et al.
(2010b: 160)].
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1421. Uraporia Townsend, 1919a: 170.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Aporia caudata Schiner, 1868.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Aporia caudata Schiner, 1868, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 105)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1422. Urochaetona Townsend, 1919b: 562.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Urochaetona longipes Townsend, 1919.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Urochaetona longipes Townsend, 1919, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Phyllophilopsis Townsend, 1915 [teste Wood (1985: 73)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1423. Urodexiomima Townsend, 1927e: 280 [1928a: 366].
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Urodexiomima uramyoides Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Urodexiomima uramyoides Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Crosskey (1977b: 606)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1424. Urodexodes Townsend, 1919b: 572.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Urodexodes charapensis Townsend, 1919.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Urodexodes charapensis Townsend, 1919, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Eucelatoria Townsend, 1909 [teste Wood (1985: 40)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1425. Uroeuantha Townsend, 1927e: 279 [1928a: 365].
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Uroeuantha longipes Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Uroeuantha longipes Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Crosskey (1977b: 63)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1426. Urohypomyia Townsend, 1939e: 450.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Urohypomyia anomala Townsend, 1939.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Urohypomyia anomala Townsend, 1939, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Phyllophilopsis Townsend, 1915 [teste Wood (1985: 74)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1427. Uromacquartia Townsend, 1916b: 626.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Uromacquartia halisidotae Townsend, 1916.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Uromacquartia halisidotae Townsend, 1916, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Uramya Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 50)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
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CHARLES HENRY TYLER TOWNSEND
1428. Uromedina Townsend, 1926d: 18.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Uromedina caudata Townsend, 1926.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Uromedina caudata Townsend, 1926, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste O’Hara et al. (2009: 56)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1429. Urophyllophila Townsend, 1927a: 235.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Urophyllophila caudata Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Urophyllophila caudata Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Phyllophilopsis Townsend, 1915 [teste Wood (1985: 73)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1430. Urophyllopsis Townsend, 1916b: 625.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Admontia retiniae Coquillett, 1897.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Admontia retiniae Coquillett, 1897, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Lixophaga Townsend, 1908 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 92)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1431. Uruactia Townsend, 1927a: 256.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Uruactia uruhuasi Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Uruactia uruhuasi Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid subgenus of Siphona Meigen, 1803 [teste O’Hara (1989: 123)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1432. Urucurymyia Townsend, 1934c: 206.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Urucurymyia urna Townsend, 1934.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Urucurymyia urna Townsend, 1934, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 10)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1433. Uruhuasia Townsend, 1914h: 126.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Uruhuasia cruciata Townsend, 1914; Uruhuasia delta Townsend, 1914.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Uruhuasia cruciata Townsend, 1914, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 73)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Townsend (1914h: 127–128) discussed a “Subgenus B” and gave characters to differentiate it listing
Uruhuasia delta as its type species, the action of which has no nomenclatural standing.
[Uruhuasiopsis] Townsend, 1914f: 94 [1914i: 134]
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Unavailable name; no differentiating characters given and no included species; treated under
Uruhuasiopsis Townsend, 1915 [teste this work].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1434. Uruhuasiopsis Townsend, 1915j: 70.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Uruhuasiopsis analis Townsend, 1915.
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276
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T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Uruhuasiopsis analis Townsend, 1915, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 73)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1435. Uruleskia Townsend, 1934f: 397.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Uruleskia aurescens Townsend, 1934.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Uruleskia aurescens Townsend, 1934, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971:120)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1436. Urumyobia Townsend, 1934f: 396.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Urumyobia aurata Townsend, 1934.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Urumyobia aurata Townsend, 1934, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 120)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1437. Uschizactia Townsend, 1934e: 248.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Actia uniseta Malloch, 1930.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Actia uniseta Malloch, 1930, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Peribaea Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863 [teste Cantrell & Crosskey (1989:
764)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1438. Ushpayacua Townsend, 1928b: 145.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Ushpayacua ureophila Townsend, 1928.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Ushpayacua ureophila Townsend, 1928, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 102)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1439. Valpogonia Townsend, 1928e: 163.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Valpogonia chilensis Townsend, 1928; Valpogonia similis Townsend, 1928.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Valpogonia chilensis Townsend, 1928 [= Chaetocraniopsis argenticeps Aldrich, 1928], by original
designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Chaetocraniopsis Townsend, 1915 [teste Guimarães (1971: 174)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1440. Vanderwulpella Townsend, 1919a: 181.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Xanthomelana anceps Wulp, 1903.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Xanthomelana anceps Wulp, 1903, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 18)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1441. Vanderwulpia Townsend, 1891m: 381.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Vanderwulpia atrophopodoides Townsend, 1891.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Vanderwulpia atrophopodoides Townsend, 1891, by original designation.
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CHARLES HENRY TYLER TOWNSEND
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 274)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1442. Verrugomyia Townsend, 1927a: 217.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Verrugomyia orbitalis Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Verrugomyia orbitalis Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Houghia Coquillett, 1897 [teste Fleming et al. (2014: 9)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1443. Verrugophryno Townsend, 1927a: 262.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Verrugophryno exoristoides Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Verrugophryno exoristoides Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 214)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1444. Vespocyptera Townsend, 1927d: 279.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Vespocyptera petiolata Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Vespocyptera petiolata Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Gerocyptera Townsend, 1916 (subgenus of Cylindromyia Meigen, 1803)
[teste O’Hara et al. (2009: 126)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1445. Vibrissoepalpus Townsend, 1915j: 73.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Vibrissoepalpus flavipes Townsend, 1915.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Vibrissoepalpus flavipes Townsend, 1915, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 73)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1446. Vibrissomyia Townsend, 1912f: 327.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Vibrissomyia lineata Townsend, 1912; Vibrissomyia bicolor Townsend, 1912.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Vibrissomyia lineata Townsend, 1912 [= Epalpus lineolata Bigot, 1888], by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 80)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1447. Vibrissovoria Townsend, 1919b: 567.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Vibrissovoria petiolata Townsend, 1919.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Vibrissovoria petiolata Townsend, 1919, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 178)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1448. Villeneuvia Townsend, 1921a: 134.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Lissoglossa taeniata Villeneuve, 1913.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Lissoglossa taeniata Villeneuve, 1913, by monotypy.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Preoccupied by Schnabl & Dziedzicki, 1912; junior synonym of Lissoglossa Villeneuve, 1913
[teste Herting & Dely-Draskovits (1993: 317)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
EVENHUIS ET AL.
278
·
Zootaxa 3978 (1) © 2015 Magnolia Press
R
EMARKS
: Herting & Dely-Draskovits (1993: 317) gave the method of type fixation for Villeneuvia Townsend,
1921 as by original designation, but this is incorrect. Townsend (1921a: 132) stated “Proposed for
Lissoglossa taeniata Villeneuve (1913)”, which is not an explicit designation of that species as the type
[see Thompson & Evenhuis (1990) and Sabrosky (1999) for more details]. Thus, because there is only one
included species, the type fixation for Villeneuvia is Lissoglossa taeniata Villeneuve, 1913, by monotypy.
1449. Villeneuvimyia Townsend, 1926b: 544.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Lissoglossa taeniata Villeneuve, 1913, automatic [by designation of the same species (by
monotypy) for Villeneuvia Townsend, 1921].
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: New replacement name for Villeneuvia Townsend, 1921; junior synonym of Lissoglossa
Villeneuve, 1913 [teste Herting & Dely-Draskovits (1993: 316)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1450. Vinculomusca Townsend, 1938c: 166.†
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Musca vinculata Scudder, 1877.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Musca vinculata Scudder, 1877, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Evenhuis (1994: 467)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1451. Visayalydina Townsend, 1926a: 31.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Visayalydina sierricola Townsend, 1926.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Visayalydina sierricola Townsend, 1926, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 88)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
[Viviana] Townsend, 1892o: 133.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Incorrect subsequent spelling of Viviania Rondani, 1861.
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Criteria to make this name available as an emendation were not found to be fulfilled in this work.
1452. Viviparomusca Townsend, 1915h: 435.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Musca bezzii Patton & Cragg, 1913; Musca larvipara Portschinsky, 1910 (with
“Musca corvinoides Schnabl & Dziedzicki, 1911” in synonymy).
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Musca bezzii Patton & Cragg, 1913, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Musca Linnaeus, 1758 [teste Pont (1989: 677)].
F
AMILY
: MUSCIDAE.
1453. Wagneriopsis Townsend, 1927d: 281.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Wagneriopsis formosensis Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Wagneriopsis formosensis Townsend, 1927 [= Acompomintho lobata Villeneuve, 1927], by original
designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Acompomintho Villeneuve, 1927 [teste Crosskey (1977a: 584)].
F
AMILY
: RHINOPHORIDAE.
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279
CHARLES HENRY TYLER TOWNSEND
1454. Wiedemanniomyia Townsend, 1933a: 469.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Tachina metallica Wiedemann, 1824.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Tachina metallica Wiedemann, 1824, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Aplomya Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste O’Hara et al. (2009: 58)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
[Winthemyia] Townsend, 1911a: 152.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Incorrect subsequent spelling of Winthemia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830.
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Criteria to make this name available as an emendation were not found to be fulfilled in this work.
[Wohlfartia] Townsend, 1915o: 366.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Incorrect subsequent spelling of Wohlfahrtia Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889.
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Criteria to make this name available as an emendation were not found to be fulfilled in this work.
1455. Wohlfahrtiopsis Townsend, 1917d: 45.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Sarcophaga johnsoni Aldrich, 1916.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Sarcophaga johnsoni Aldrich, 1916, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid subgenus of Sarcophaga Meigen, 1826 [teste Pape (1996: 413)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Originally proposed as a full genus.
1456. Xanthoactia Townsend, 1919b: 585.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Lasioneura palloris Coquillett, 1895.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Lasioneura palloris Coquillett, 1895, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Ceromya Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 297)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1457. Xanthobrachycoma Townsend, 1927a: 232.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Xanthobrachycoma analis Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Xanthobrachycoma analis Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Microcerella Macquart, 1851 [teste Pape (1996: 251)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
1458. Xanthocera Townsend, 1915b: 22.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Xanthocera clistoides Townsend, 1915 (with “Hyalurgus (Macquartia) johnsoni
Coquillett, 1897” in synonymy).
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Xanthocera clistoides Townsend, 1915, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Hyalurgus Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1893 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004:
267)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1459. Xanthochaetona Townsend, 1934f: 392.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Xanthochaetona similis Townsend, 1934.
EVENHUIS ET AL.
280
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Zootaxa 3978 (1) © 2015 Magnolia Press
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Xanthochaetona similis Townsend, 1934, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Phyllophilopsis Townsend, 1915 [teste Wood (1985: 74)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1460. Xanthoepalpodes Townsend, 1931e: 437.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Xanthoepalpodes bischofi Townsend, 1931.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Xanthoepalpodes bischofi Townsend, 1931, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 73)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1461. Xanthoepalpus Townsend, 1914j: 157.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Saundersia bipartita Wulp, 1888 (as “Epalpus bipartitus v.d. Wulp”);
Xanthoepalpus gabanus Townsend, 1914; Saundersia bicolor Williston, 1886; Epalpus semiflavus
Bischof, 1904; Epalpus flavoscutellatus Bischof, 1904.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Saundersia bipartita Wulp, 1888 [= Saundersia bicolor Williston, 1886], by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 332)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1462. Xanthoerigone Townsend, 1927h: 71.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Xanthoerigone oralis Townsend, 1926.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Xanthoerigone oralis Townsend, 1926, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Linnaemya Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste Crosskey (1977b: 632)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1463 Xanthoernestia Townsend, 1926a: 39.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Xanthoernestia antennalis Townsend, 1926.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Xanthoernestia antennalis Townsend, 1926, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Xanthophyto Townsend, 1916 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 281)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1464. Xanthohystricia Townsend, 1931d: 348.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Tachina amisias Walker, 1849.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Tachina amisias Walker, 1849 [= Tachina pyrrhaspis Wiedemann, 1830], by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Macromya Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste Guimarães (1971: 42)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1465. Xantholarvaevora Townsend, 1933a: 465.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Xantholarvaevora formosa Townsend, 1933.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Xantholarvaevora formosa Townsend, 1933 [= Tachina macularia Wiedemann, 1824], by original
designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Tachina Meigen, 1803 [teste O’Hara & Wood (1998: 757)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Originally published as a full genus.
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281
CHARLES HENRY TYLER TOWNSEND
[Xanthomelandoes] Townsend, 1917a: 126.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Incorrect subsequent spelling of Xanthomelanodes Townsend, 1893.
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Criteria to make this name available as an emendation were not found to be fulfilled in this work.
1466. Xanthomelanodes Townsend, 1893i: 167.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Xanthomelana articulata Wulp, 1892; Xanthomelana rubicunda Wulp, 1892;
Xanthomelana dorsalis Wulp, 1892; Xanthomelana trigonalis Wulp, 1892; Xanthomelana gracilenta
Wulp, 1892; Xanthomelana anceps Wulp, 1892.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Xanthomelanodes gracilenta Wulp, 1892, automatic [by designation of the same species (by
subsequent designation) by Coquillett (1910: 620) for Xanthomelana Wulp, 1892].
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: New replacement name for Xanthomelana Wulp, 1892; valid genus [teste O’Hara & Wood
(2004: 235)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Townsend (1893i: 167) errantly believed that Xanthomelana Wulp, 1892 was preoccupied by
Xanthomelon Martens, 1860 (but it is preoccupied by Xanthomelana Waterhouse, 1889) and he proposed
Xanthomelanodes as a new replacement name for Wulp’s name.
1467. Xanthomelanopsis Townsend, 1917a: 126.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Xasnthomelanodes peruanus Townsend, 1911.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Xasnthomelanodes peruanus Townsend, 1911, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 11)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1468. Xanthopetia Townsend, 1933a: 452.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Tachina fascipennis Wiedemann, 1830.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Tachina fascipennis Wiedemann, 1830, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Plesina Meigen, 1838 [teste Crosskey (1980: 830)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1469. Xanthophyllophila Townsend, 1927a: 234.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Xanthophyllophila gracilis Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Xanthophyllophila gracilis Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Phyllophilopsis Townsend, 1927 [teste Wood (1985: 73)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1470. Xanthophyto Townsend, 1916b: 627.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Nemoraea labis Coquillett, 1895.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Nemoraea labis Coquillett, 1895, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 381)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1471. Xanthopteromyia Townsend, 1926d: 24.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Xanthopteromyia tegulata Townsend, 1926 (as “Xanthoteromyia tegulata”).
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Xanthopteromyia tegulata Townsend, 1926 (as “Xanthoteromyia tegulata”), by original
designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Crosskey (1977b: 619)].
EVENHUIS ET AL.
282
·
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F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: There are two original spellings of this nominal genus in Townsend (1926d): Xanthopteromyia (page
24) and Xanthoteromyia (page 25). By subsequent usage of the author (ICZN Code Article 24.2.4),
Townsend (1938e: 386) acted as First Reviser and selected Xanthopteromyia as the correct original
spelling.
[Xanthoteromyia] Townsend, 1926d: 25.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Incorrect original spelling of Xanthopteromyia Townsend, 1926 [teste Townsend (1938e: 386)]
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1472. Xanthotheresia Townsend, 1931d: 345.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Xanthotheresia bicolor Townsend, 1931.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Xanthotheresia bicolor Townsend, 1931, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 38)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1473. Xanthotrichius Townsend, 1934c: 209.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Xanthotrichius xenos Townsend, 1934.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Xanthotrichius xenos Townsend, 1934, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Phasia Latreille, 1804 [teste Sun & Marshall (2003: 19)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1474. Xanthozona Townsend, 1908a: 116.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Tachina melanopyga Wiedemann, 1830.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Tachina melanopyga Wiedemann, 1830, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 74)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: The statement by Townsend (1908a: 116) “The genus is proposed for Tachina melanopyga
Wiedemann” is not an explicit designation of that species as the type [see Evenhuis & Thompson (1990)
and Sabrosky (1999) for more details]. However, an explicit type designation for Xanthozona is made on
page 115 in the narrative of Euepalpus Townsend, 1908.
1475. Xanthozonella Townsend, 1927a: 240.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Xanthozonella brasiliensis Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Xanthozonella brasiliensis Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Diaphanomyia Townsend, 1917 [teste Guimarães (1971: 62)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1476. Xanthozonopsis Townsend, 1916m: 314.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Xanthozonopsis vestita Townsend, 1916.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Xanthozonopsis vestita Townsend, 1916, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Euepalpus Townsend, 1908 [teste Guimarães (1971: 660].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
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283
CHARLES HENRY TYLER TOWNSEND
1477. Xenadmontia Townsend, 1915b: 22.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Hypostena degeeroides Coquillett, 1895.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Hypostena degeeroides Coquillett, 1895, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Admontia Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 74)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1478. Xenophasia Townsend, 1934c: 207.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Xenophasia xanthomelanoides Townsend, 1934.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Xenophasia xanthomelanoides Townsend, 1934, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Preoccupied by Strickland, 1841; senior (but invalid) synonym of Cesaperua Koçak & Kemal,
2010 [teste Koçak & Kemal (2010: 159)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
[Xenophyxis] Townsend, 1942b: 438.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Incorrect subsequent spelling of Xenopyxis Townsend, 1940.
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Criteria to make this name available as an emendation were not found to be fulfilled in this work.
1479. Xenoplagia Townsend, 1914a: 13.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Xenoplagia setosa Townsend, 1914.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Xenoplagia setosa Townsend, 1914, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 93)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1480. Xenoppia Townsend, 1915b: 20.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Xenoppia hypopygialis Townsend, 1915 (with “Brachycoma (Sarcotachinella)
intermedia Coquillett, 1897” in synonymy).
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Xenoppia hypopygialis Townsend, 1915, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Microcerella Macquart, 1851 [teste Pape (1996: 250)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
1481. Xenopyxis Townsend, 1940b: 889.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Xenopyxis mirabilis Townsend, 1940; Xenopyxis grandis Townsend, 1940.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Xenopyxis mirabilis Townsend, 1940, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Neobrachelia Townsend, 1931 [teste Guimarães (1971: 86)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1482. Xeoprosopa Townsend, 1919b: 584.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Xeoprosopa uruhuasi Townsend, 1919.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Xeoprosopa uruhuasi Townsend, 1919, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 171)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1483. Xiphomyia Townsend, 1917a: 125.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Xiphomyia gladiatrix Townsend, 1917.
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284
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T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Xiphomyia gladiatrix Townsend, 1917, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Eucelatoria Townsend, 1909 [teste Wood (1985: 40)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1484. Xiphophasia Townsend, 1937c: 116.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Xiphophasia ushpayacua Townsend, 1937.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Xiphophasia ushpayacua Townsend, 1937, by monotypy.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Phasia Latreille, 1804 [teste Sun & Marshall (2003: 19)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1485. Xylocampta Townsend, 1927a: 233.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Xylocampta sarcophagina Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Xylocampta sarcophagina Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Lepidodexia Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891 [teste Pape (1996: 237)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
1486. Xylocamptomima Townsend, 1927a: 243.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Xylocamptomima oculata Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Xylocamptomima oculata Townsend, 1927 [= Tachina usta Wiedemann, 1830], by original
designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 84)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1487. Xylocamptopsis Townsend, 1927a: 221.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Xylocamptopsis teffeensis Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Xylocamptopsis teffeensis Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid subgenus of Lepidodexia Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891 [teste Pape (1996: 64)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Originally proposed as a full genus. The index to new taxa proposed in the Revista Museu Paulista
compiled by Camargo-Andrade (1936: 738) has the nominal genus misspelled as “Xilocamptopsis”.
1488. Xylocopodes Townsend, 1927a: 207.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Musca semiatra Wiedemann, 1830.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Musca semiatra Wiedemann, 1830, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Pseudogametes Bischof, 1900 [teste Papavero & Guimarães (2009: 7)].
F
AMILY
: OESTRIDAE.
1489. Xystotrixa Townsend, 1927a: 214.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Tachina anthracina Wiedemann, 1830.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Tachina anthracina Wiedemann, 1830, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Euloewiopsis Townsend, 1917 [= teste Guimarães (1971: 26)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
[Xystrotrixa] Townsend, 1938e: 305.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Incorrect subsequent spelling of Xystotrixa Townsend, 1927.
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F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Criteria to make this name available as an emendation were not found to be fulfilled in this work. This
misspelling was corrected in Townsend (1939d: 434).
1490. Yahuarmayoia Townsend, 1927a: 228.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Yahuarmayoia analis Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Yahuarmayoia analis Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 102)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1491. Yahuarphryno Townsend, 1927a: 263.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Yahuarphryno patelloides Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Yahuarphryno patelloides Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Patelloa Townsend, 1916 [teste Guimarães (1971: 211)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1492. Yahuartachina Townsend, 1927a: 261.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Yahuartachina yahuarphrynoides Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Yahuartachina yahuarphrynoides Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Austrophorocera Townsend, 1916 [teste O’Hara & Wood (1998: 757)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1493. Ypophaemyia Townsend, 1916k: 75.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Ypophaemyia malacosomae Townsend, 1916.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Ypophaemyia malacosomae Townsend, 1916 [= Tachina archippivora Riley, 1871], by original
designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Lespesia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 123)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1494. Ypophaemyiops Townsend, 1935c: 233.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Prophryno myersi Aldrich, 1933.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Prophryno myersi Aldrich, 1933, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 214)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1495. Zambesoides Townsend, 1927e: 285 [1928a: 371].
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Zambesoides samarensis Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Zambesoides samarensis Townsend, 1927 [= Lophosia excisa Tothill, 1918, by original
designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Lophosia Meigen, 1824 [teste Crosskey (1977b: 595)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1496. Zambesopsis Townsend, 1933a: 451.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Zambesa claripalpis Villeneuve, 1926.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Zambesa claripalpis Villeneuve, 1926, by original designation.
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C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Zambesa Walker, 1856 [teste O’Hara et al. (2009: 181)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1497. Zizyphomyia Townsend, 1916m: 317.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Zizyphomyia celer Townsend, 1916.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Zizyphomyia celer Townsend, 1916 [= Sturmia limata Coquillett, 1902], by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 141)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1498. Zonoepalpus Townsend, 1927a: 240.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Zonoepalpus brasiliensis Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Zonoepalpus brasiliensis Townsend, 1927 [= Jurinia testaceus Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830], by
monotypy.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 74)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: The original printing of Townsend (1927a: 240) omitted the lines in couplet 280 (after line 7 down) that
listed, for the characters in that couplet, the new nominal genus Zonoepalpus and its type species
Zonoepalpus brasiliensis Townsend, 1927, by original designation. This was corrected two months later in
the separately published errata (Townsend, 1927b: fourth unnumbered page). However, this errata was
subsequent to Townsend (1927a) and therefore cannot be included as part of the original publication.
Characters given on page 304 make available the name of the genus and its only included species, thus the
method of fixation for Zonoepalpus Townsend, 1927 is Zonoepalpus brasiliensis Townsend, 1927, by
monotypy.
1499. Zosteromeigenia Townsend, 1919b: 579.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Zosteromeigenia mima Townsend, 1919.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Zosteromeigenia mima Townsend, 1919, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Cantrell & Crosskey (1989: 768)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1500. Zosteromyiopsis Townsend, 1933a: 456.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Myobia cingulata Macquart, 1851.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Myobia cingulata Macquart, 1851, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Trigonospila Pokorny, 1886 [teste Cantrell & Crosskey (1989: 768)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1501. Zosteropsis Townsend, 1916m: 309.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Zosteropsis rutherfordi Townsend, 1916.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Zosteropsis rutherfordi Townsend, 1916, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Aneogmena Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891 [teste Crosskey (1977b: 686)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1502. Zygastropyga Townsend, 1917i: 191.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Zygastropyga aurea Townsend, 1917.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Zygastropyga aurea Townsend, 1917, by original designation.
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C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Tripanurga Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891 [teste Pape (1996: 436)].
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
1503. Zygocarcelia Townsend, 1927h: 64.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Zygocarcelia cruciata Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Zygocarcelia cruciata Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Isosturmia Townsend, 1927 [teste O’Hara et al. (2009: 71)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
[Zygocenillia] Townsend, 1927h: 67.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Incorrect subsequent spelling of Zygozenillia Townsend, 1927.
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Criteria to make this name available as an emendation were no found to be fulfilled in this work.
1504. Zygofrontina Townsend, 1915n: 427.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Zygofrontina capitis Townsend, 1915.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Zygofrontina capitis Townsend, 1915, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Lespesia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863 [teste Guimarães (1971: 208)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
1505. Zygosturmia Townsend, 1911a: 142.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Zygosturmia inca Townsend, 1911; Tachina distincta Wiedemann, 1824 (as
“Coquillett’s Sturmia distincta”); Masicera protoparcis Townsend, 1892.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Zygosturmia inca Townsend, 1911, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Junior synonym of Drino Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste O’Hara & Wood (2004: 119)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: O’Hara & Wood (2004: 119) gave the method of type fixation as by monotypy, but this is incorrect.
There are three originally included species. Thus, Guimarães (1971: 188) was correct when he gave the
method of type fixation as Zygosturmia inca Townsend, 1911, by original designation (as “gen., sp. n.”).
The ICZN Code Article 68.2.1 such a phraseology to be an original designation allows if it is applied to
one of two or more originally included species. Tachina distincta Wiedemann, 1824 is omitted from the
Neotropical tachinid catalog (Guimarães, 1971). It was originally described from “America merid. insul.”
[= West Indies]. O’Hara & Wood (2004: 121) indicated that Coquillett’s (1897) use of Tachina distincta
Wiedemann in Sturmia is a misidentification for Drino rhoeo (Walker, 1849).
1506. Zygozenillia Townsend, 1927a: 268.
O
RIGINALLY
I
NCLUDED
S
PECIES
: Zygozenillia plumbea Townsend, 1927.
T
YPE
S
PECIES
: Zygozenillia plumbea Townsend, 1927, by original designation.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Valid genus [teste Guimarães (1971: 193)].
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: The index to new taxa proposed in the Revista Museu Paulista compiled by Camargo-Andrade (1936:
740) has this nominal genus misspelled as “Zygozenilia”.
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List of Diptera Genus-Group Names of Townsend by Family
Format of typeface of families below follows that of the catalog.
A
CROCERIDAE
: [Oncodes].
A
NTHOMYIIDAE
: [Pegomyia].
B
LEPHARICERIDAE
: [Blepharocera].
C
ALLIPHORIDAE
: Adichosiops; Africomusca; Aldrichina; [Anthracomyia]; Auchmeromyiella; Bufolucilia;
Calliphoropsis; Carcinomyia; Chlorobrachycoma; [Chrysomyia]; Compsomyiops; [Cynomyia];
Cynomyopsis; [Denatella]; Dexopollenia; [Elephantoloemus]; Eubengalia; Eucalliphora; Euphormia;
Hemipyrellia; Hypopygiopsis; Mallochomyia; Microcalliphora; [Ocrisia]; Opelousia; Opsodexiopsis;
Phalacrodexia; Polleniopsis; [Pollenomyia]; Protophormia; Pycnosomops; Roraimomusca;
Sarconesiopsis; [Somomyia]; Trichocalliphora; Tricyclopsis.
C
ERATOPOG ONIDAE
: Tersesthes.
C
ULICIDAE
: [Megarrhina].
G
LOSSINIDAE
: Austenina; Cockerellitha; Lithoglossina; Newsteadina.
H
IPPOBOSCIDAE
: [Ornithomyia]; Synthesiostrebla; Trichobius.
K
EROPLATIDAE
: [Ceroplatus].
L
IMONIIDAE
: [Toxorrhina].
L
ONCHAEIDAE
: Acucula.
M
USCIDAE
: Awatia; Biopyrellia; Chaetopyrellia; [Curtoneura]; [Curtonoura]; Cyacyrtoneura; Cypselodopteryx;
Cypselopteryx; [Cyrtoneura]; Cyrtoneuropsis; Eudasyphora; Eumesembrina; Eumusca; Graphomuscina;
[Graphomyia]; [Graphoymia]; Hypodermodes; Lyperosiops; Mesembrinellopsis; Metamesembrina;
[Myiospila]; Neomuscina; Neopyrellia; Ornithomusca; [Othellia]; Paleostomoxys; Paleotachina;
Parapyrellia; Promusca; Pseudogymnosoma; Pseudorthellia; Sarcopromusca; Scutellomusca;
Scutellorthellia; [Spilegaster]; [Trichophticus]; [Trichopticus]; Viviparomusca.
M
YCETOPHILIDAE
: [Rhymosia].
O
ESTRIDAE
: Adipterites; Agiebelia; Alouattamyia; Atelecephala; Atrypoderma; Baucuterebra; Berendtia;
[Cephalomyia]; Cephalopsis; [Cephenomyia]; Giebelia; Guerinioestrus; Haemorrhoestrus;
Lithohypoderma; Loewioestrus; Microcephalopsis; Neokirkia; Platycobboldia; Progastrophilus;
Rhinogastrophilus; Suioestrus; Tracheomyia; Xylocopodes.
P
LATYPEZIDAE
: Calotarsa.
R
HINIIDAE
: Borbororhinia; Chloroidia; Chlororhinia; Chlorrhynchomyia; Euidiella; Eusynamphoneura;
Idielliopsis; Metalliopsis; [Rhynchomyia]; Rhynchomyiopsis; Stomatorhinia; Strongyloneuropsis;
Synamphoneuropsis; Trichoberia; Trichometallea.
R
HINOPHORIDAE
: [Acampomintho]; Bezzimyia; Eophyto; Parafeburia; Pseudopsodexia; Shannoniella;
Trichoneura; Trypetidomima; Wagneriopsis.
S
ARCOPHAGIDAE
: Acanthodotheca; Acridiophaga; Afrowohlfahrtia; Agriochaetops; Allaccoprosopa;
Allenanicia; Amblycoryphenes; Amobiopsis; Anaravinia; Andinoravinia; Arabiopsis; [Arabisca];
Arachnidomyia; Argoravinia; Asilidodexia; Aulacophyto; Austrohartigia; Bercaeopsis;
Blaesoxiphotheca; [Blaesoyiphoteca]; Bombobrachycoma; [Brachycoma]; Camptopsis; Cataphyto;
Catasarcophaga; Catheteronychia; Chaetanicia; Chaetoravinia; Chloronesia; Chlorosarcophaga;
Chrysagria; Chrysosarcophaga; Chrysostomomyia; Cistudinomyia; Cryptosarcophila;
Dexomyophora; Dexosarcophaga; Discomyophora; Dolichamobia; Electrotachina; Eleodiomyia;
Euaraba; Euboettcheria; Eubrachycoma; Eufletcherimyia; Euhilarella; Euleucomyia; Eumacronychia;
Eumetopiops; Eumiltogramma; Eunotochaeta; Euparaphyto; Euphyto; Eupseudosarcophaga; Euravinia;
Euselenomyia; Eusenotainia; Fletcherimyia; Gigantotheca; Glaucosarcophaga; Goniogramma;
Goniophyto; Gymnocamptops; Gymnoprosopa; Gymnopsoa; Helicobiopsis; Hystricocnema; Itamobia;
Juquianicia; Kellymyia; Laccoprosopa; Leucoravinia; Lipoptilocnema; [Macronichia]; Mantidophaga;
Melanophyto; [Mesomelaena]; Metoposarcophaga; Micronotochaeta; Microsenotainia; Miltoravinia;
Mononotochaeta; Nasonimyia; Neometapodia; Neophyto; Neophytodes; Neopsidia; Neowinnertzia;
Nephochaetopteryx; Notochaetopsis; Oestrohilarella; Oestrosomomyia; [Oposophyopsis]; Oppiopsis;
Opsidiopsis; [Opsophyopsis]; Opsophyto; Opsophytopsis; Orobrachycoma; Orodexia; Orosarcophaga;
Oxysarcodexia; Pachygraphiops; [Pachyophthalma]; Pachysoma; Panamaphyto; Parametopia;
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Paraphrissopoda; Parasarcodexia; Peltopyga; Petrosarcophaga; Punaphyto; Punasarcophaga; Rafaelia;
Raimondia; Raviniopsis; [Rhodendorfia]; Rohdendorfia; Rohdendorfina; Rupununia; Santschia;
[Sarcaphaga]; Sarcoclista; Sarcodexia; Sarcodexiopsis; Sarcomacronychia; Sarcophodexia;
Sarcotachinella; Sarothromyiops; Sarraceniomyia; Scarabaeophaga; Sisasarcophaga; Sphenometopa;
Spirobolomyia; Stenaulacotheca; Stenopygopsis; [Stephanostoma]; Synorbitomyia; [Tephomyiella];
Tephramobia; Tephromyiella; Tephromyiopsis; Thelodiscoprosopa; Thelylepticocnema; [Tricharea];
Trixoclista; Trixosarcophaga; [Udamoctia]; Umbelusia; [Wohlfartia]; Wohlfahrtiopsis;
Xanthobrachycoma; Xenoppia; Xylocampta; Xylocamptopsis; Zygastropyga.
S
CATHOPHAG IDAE
: [Cordylura]; [Scatophaga].
S
YRPHIDAE
: [Chilosia].
T
ACHINIDAE
: Abepalpus; Abolodoria; Acemeigenia; [Acemyia]; Acemyiopsis; Acephana; Achaetoneuropsis;
[Achatoneura]; Acromiodexia; Acronarista; Acronaristopsis; Actinactia; Actinochaetopsis;
Actinochaetopteryx; Actinocrocuta; Actinodoria; Actinominthella; Actinomintho; Actinophryno;
Actinoprosopa; Actinotachina; Actiopsis; Acuphocera; Adejeania; Adidyma; Admontiopsis;
Adoryphorophaga; Aeolofrontina; Africodexia; Agicuphocera; Aglummyia; Alaskophyto;
Aldrichocyptera; Alitophasia; Almugmyia; Alophorella; Alophorellopsis; Alophorophasia; Alophoropsis;
Alpinoplagia; Amazohoughia; [Amazonella]; Ametadoria; Amicrotrichomma; Amphiboliopsis;
Amphitropesa; Anadistichona; Anaeudora; Anametopochaeta; Anaperistommyia; Anaphorinia;
Anaporia; Anazygosturmia; Andinomyia; Androcyptera; Anemorilla; Anepalpus; Anhangabahuia;
Anoxynops; Anoxynopsella; Anthomyiopsis; Antistaseopsis; Apachemyia; Apacheprospherysa;
Aphantorhapha; Aphantorhaphopsis; Aphrimyobia; Aphriosphyria; [Aphyrosphyria]; Apinocyptera;
Aplomyodoria; Aplomyopsis; Apostrophusia; Aravaipa; [Archinactia]; Archytoepalpus; Arctophyto;
Argentoepalpus; Argyreomyia; Argyrochaetona; Argyrodoria; Argyrophylacoides; Argyrothelaira;
Arrhinactia; Arrhinodexia; [Arthryciopsis]; Asbellopsis; Asilidotachina; Atactomima; [Atactomina];
Atactopsis; Atactosturmia; Athryciopsis; Atractocerops; Atractogonia; Atractouclesia; Atrichiopoda;
Atropharista; Atrophopalpus; Atrophopoda; Aubaeanetia; Aulacocephalopsis; Austeniops; Austrolydella;
Austromacquartia; Austrophasia; Austrophasiopsis; Austrophorocera; Austrophryno;
Austrostaurochaeta; Avibrissosturmia; Azulihoughia; Azygobothria; Barydexia; Bathytheresia;
Belvosiomima; Belvosiomimops; Belvosiopsis; Beskiocephala; Beskioleskia; Bicruciosturmia;
[Bigonichaeta]; Binghamimyia; Biohypostena; Biomyopsis; Bischofimyia; Blephariatacta;
[Blupheropoda]; Bolodoria; Bolohoughia; Bombyliojeania; Bombyliopsis; Bonellimyia; Bonnaniops;
Borgmeiermyia; Botriopsis; Brachybelvosia; [Brachychaeta]; Brachycnephalia; Brachymasicera;
Brachymeropsis; Brauerimyia; Caeniopsis; Caenisoma; Caenisomopsis; Calocarcelia; Calohystricia;
Calolydella; Calothelaira; Calotheresia; Calozenillia; Calpodomyia; Camposiana; Camptophryno;
[Carcalia]; Carceliocephala; Carceliodoria; Carceliopsis; Casahuiria; Catacarcelia; Catagoniopsis;
Catajurinia; Catalinovoria; Catapariprosopa; Cataphorinia; Catemophrys; Catocyptera;
Ceratometopa; Ceratomyiella; Ceromasiops; Ceromasiopsis; [Chaeteprosopa]; Chaetocalirrhoe;
Chaetocnephalia; Chaetocrania; Chaetocraniopsis; Chaetodoria; Chaetogaediopsis; Chaetoglossa;
[Chaetolyga]; Chaetonodexodes; Chaetonopsis; Chaetophlepsis; Chaetophorocera; [Chaetoprosopa];
Chaetosisyrops; Chaetostigmoptera; Chaetotheresia; Chaetoxynops; Chaquimayoia; Charapemyia;
Charapozelia; Chiloclista; Chiloepalpus; Chiricahuia; Chlorodexia; Chlorogastropsis;
Chlorohystricia; Chlorolydella; Chlorometaphyto; Chlorophryno; Chlorotachina; Chromatocera;
Chromoepalpus; Chrysodoria; Chrysoerigone; Chrysoexorista; Chrysohoughia; Chrysomasicera;
Chrysometopiops; [Chrysophryna]; Chrysophryno; Chrysoprospherysa; Chrysopygia; Chrysorutilia;
Chrysosomopsis; Chrysosturmia; Chrysotryphera; [Chryssosturmia]; [Cianogymnomma];
Clistomorpha; [Clithoxynops]; Clythopsis; Clythoxynops; [Clytiomyia]; Cnephaliops; Cnephalodes;
[Cnephalodys]; Cnephalodopsis; Cnephalogonia; Cnephalomyia; Cockerelliana; Coleophasia;
Comyopsis; Conactia; Conactiodoria; Congochrysosoma; Copecrypta; Cordillerodexia; Coronimyia;
Corpulentoepalpus; [Corpulentosoma]; Corpulentosoma; Croesoactia; Cryptospylosia; Cubaemyia;
Cuparymyia; Cuphoceropsis; Curranomyia; Cyanogymnomma; Cyanopsis; Cyclodionaea;
Cyclotaphrys; [Cyclotophrys]; Cylindromasicera; Cylindrophasia; Cystogonia; Cystometopia;
Dactylodidyma; Daeochaeta; Dejeaniopalpus; Dejeaniops; Deltoceromyia; Deopalpus; Dexiomimops;
Dexodomintho; Diaphanomyia; Diaphoropeza; Diatraeophaga; Dichoceropsis; Didymops; Dimasicera;
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Discochaetopsis; Doleschallopsis; Dolichocnephalia; Dolichocodia; Dolichocoxys; Dolichocyptera;
Dolichodinera; Dolichogonia; Dolichopalpellus; Dolichopodomintho; Dolichostoma; Doriella;
Doryphorophaga; Drepanoglossa; Ecatocyptera; Ecatocypterops; Echinomasicera; [Echinomyia];
Echinomyodes; [Echinopyrrhosia]; Echinopyrrhosia; Echinopyrrhosiops; Echinosomopsis;
Echinotachina; Echrysopasta; [Eclausicella]; Ectophasia; Ectophasiopsis; Ecuadorana; Egameigenia;
Elephantocera; Emphanopteryx; Empheremyiops; Engelobogosia; Engelomyia; Ennyomma;
Ennyommopsis; Eoacemyia; Eocarcelia; Eocarceliopsis; Eocyptera; Eocypterula; Eodexiosoma;
Eodolichocolon; Eogymnophthalma; Eohyria; Eomintho; Eomyocera; Eomyoceropsis; Eoparachaeta;
Eophrissopolia; Eophyllophila; Eoptilodexia; Eozenillia; [Epalpellus]; Epalpellus; Epalpodes;
Epaulophasia; Epicuphocera; Epidexia; Epidexiopsis; Epidolichostoma; Epigrimyia; Epimasicera;
Epimeigenia; Epiphanocera; Epiphyllophila; Epiprospherysa; Epixorista; [Epseudocyptera];
Erigonopsis; Eristaliomyia; [Erithorix]; Ernestiopsis; Erviopsis; Erynniopsis; Erythroargyrops;
Erythroepalpus; Erythromelana; Erythrophasia; Euacaulona; Euacemyia; Euadmontia; Euamphibolia;
Euanthoides; Eubiomyia; Eubischofimyia; Eublepharipeza; Eubrachymera; Eucalodexia; Eucelatoria;
Eucelatoriopsis; Euceromasia; Euchaetogyne; Euchaetophleps; Euclausicella; Euclytia; Eucnephalia;
Eucordylidexia; Eucordyligaster; Eucoronimyia; [Eucorpulentosoma]; Eucorpulentosoma;
Eucyrtophloeba; Eudejeania; Eudemoticus; Eudexodes; Euempheremyia; Euepalpodes; Euepalpus;
Euexorista; Eufabricia; Eufabriciopsis; Eugaedia; Eugaediopsis; Eugymnochaeta; Eugymnochaetopsis;
Eugymnogaster; Eugymnopeza; Euhemiargyra; Euhuascaraya; Euhyperecteina; Euhypochaetopsis;
[Euhystricia]; Euhystricia; [Eujurinella]; Eujurinella; Eujurinia; Eujuriniodes; Eujuriniopsis;
Eularvaevora; Eulasiona; Eulasiopalpus; Euloewia; Euloewiodoria; Euloewiopsis; Eumachaeraea;
Eumacrohoughia; Eumasicera; Eumedoria; Eumegaparia; Eumelanepalpus; Eumicrophthalma;
Eumyobia; Eumyothyria; Eunemorilla; Euoestrogaster; Euoestrogastrodes; Euoestrophasia;
Euoestropsis; Euomogenia; Eupalpocyptera; Eupelecotheca; Eupeleteria; Euphania; Euphasia;
Euphasiopteryx; Euphorantha; Euphorocera; Euphoroceropsis; Euprospherysa; Euptilodegeeria;
Euptilomyia; Euptilopareia; Euptilopsis; Euquadratosoma; Euryceromyia; Eurygastropsis;
[Eurythiopsis]; Eurythiopsis; Eusaundersiops; Euscopolia; Euscopoliopteryx; [Eusignosoma];
Eusignosoma; Eusisyropa; [Eustomatodexia]; Eutelothyria; Euthelaira; Euthelairopsis; Euthelairosoma;
Euthelyconychia; [Eutheresia]; Eutheresia; Eutheresiops; Eutheropsis; Euthryptocera; Euthyprosopa;
Eutorocca; Eutrichophora; Eutrichopoda; Eutricogena; Eutritochaeta; Eutrixopsis; Euxysta; Euzelia;
[Euzenilla]; Euzenillia; Euzenilliopsis; Everestiomyia; Exodexia; Exoernestia; Exoristopsis;
Fabriciodes; [Fabriciopsis]; Fabriciopsis; Fasslomyia; Forcipophasia; Formicocyptera; Formicomyia;
Formicophania; Formosodoria; Formosolophosia; Froggattimyia; Frontiniella; Frontiniellopsis;
Frontinogaedia; Frontocnephalia; Gabanimyia; Gaediogonia; Gaedioxenis; Galactomyia;
[Gaudiophana]; Geneodes; Geneoglossa; Geneopsis; Germariopsis; Gerocyptera; Gerotachina;
Gigantachinosoma; Gigantoepalpus; Ginglymia; Girschneria; [Goedartia]; Goliathocera;
Gonanamastax; Goniochaeta; Goniocnephalia; Goniomima; Gymnamedoria; Gymnaporia;
Gymnocarcelia; [Gymnochaeta]; Gymnochaetopsis; Gymnodoria; Gymnoerycia; Gymnogaster;
Gymnommopsis; Gymnopalpus; Gymnosturmia; [Gymnozega]; Gyrovaga; [Halidaya]; Halidayopsis;
Harrisiopsis; Hecatoepalpus; Heliolydella; Heliolydella; Heliolydellops; Helioplagia; Helioprosopa;
Hemiargyra; Hemiargyrophylax; Hemiargyropsis; Hemilydella; Hemimasipoda; Hemisturmia;
Hesperodinera; Hesperophasia; Hesperophasiopsis; Heyneophasia; Himantostomopsis; Hinea;
Hineomyia; Homalactia; Homohexamera; Homohypochaeta; Homosaundersia; Homosaundersiops;
Homotrixodes; [Huascaraya]; Huascaraya; Huascarayopsis; Huascarodexia; [Huebneria];
[Humisturmia]; [Hyalomyia]; Hyalomyodes; [Hylemyia]; Hylotomomyia; Hypenomyia;
Hypertrophocera; Hypertrophomma; Hyphantrophaga; Hypochaetopsis; Hypodoria; Hypohoughia;
Hypomyothyria; Hypophorinia; Hypophylax; Hypoproxynops; Hystriciella; [Hystriciopsis];
Hystriciopsis; Hystricovoria; [Hystrisiphona]; Ichneumonops; Iconofrontina; Iconomedina;
Ictericodexia; Ictericophyto; Imitomyia; Incamyia; Incamyiopsis; Indosturmia; Innshanotroxis;
Irengia; Ischyrophaga; Isoprosopaea; Isosturmia; Itabiomyia; Itacnephalia; Itacuphocera;
Italispidea; Italydella; Itamintho; Itaplectops; Itasaundersia; Itasturmia; Itavoria; Itaxanthomelana;
Iteuthelaira; Jaenimyia; [Jamaicaria]; Jaynesleskia; Jesuimyia; Jicaltepecia; Juriniopsis; Juriniosoma;
Jurinodexia; Knabia; Kurintjimyia; Kuwanimyia; [Labidigaster]; Lachnomma; Lachnommopsis;
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Larvaevoropsis; Latreillimyia; Leiosiopsis; Leptidosophia; Leptodexia; Leptomacquartia;
Leskiolydella; Leskiopalpus; Leskiopsis; Lindigepalpus; Lindigia; Lithexorista; Lithotachina;
Lixophaga; Lophosiocera; Lophosiocyptera; Lophosiodes; Lophosiopsis; Lydellactia; Lydellohoughia;
Lydellothelaira; Lydinolydella; [Lyxophaga]; Machairomasicera; Macrohoughia; Macrohoughiopsis;
Macrojurinia; Macropatelloa; Macropodexia; Macrosophia; Macrozenillia; Madremyia;
Makasinocera; Makasinocerops; Makilingimyia; Malaiocrocuta; Malayocyptera; Malayodinera;
Malayodoria; Malayomedina; Mallochomacquartia; Maracajuia; Masiceropsis; Matucania;
Mauritiodoria; Mayodistichona; Mayophorinia; Mayoschizocera; Medinacemyia; Medinodexia;
Medinophyto; Megaeuloewia; Megapariopsis; Megistodexia; Megistogastropsis; Meigenielloides;
Melanactia; Melanepalpellus; Melanepalpus; Melanocyptera; Melanodoria; Melanojeania;
Melanorlopteryx; Melanoromintho; Melanorophasia; Melinocera; Mesembrinormia ;
Mesembrierigone; Mesembriomintho; Mesembriophyto; Metagonistylum; Metallicomintho;
Metamyobia; Metarrhinomyia; Metatachina; Metavoria; Methypostena; Metopiops; Metopoactia;
Metopomintho; Metopomuscopteryx; Metoposisyrops; Metopotachina; Miamimyia; Miamimyiops;
[Michrochaetona]; Microaporia; Microchaetogyne; Microchaetona; Microchaetonops;
Microgymnomma; Micromasiphya; Micromintho; Micronychiops; Microphytomyptera; Microplagia;
Microrutilia; Microsciasma; Microtrichommodes; [Microtropeza]; Minthocyptera; Minthodexiopsis;
Minthohoughia; Mintholeskia; Minthomima; Minthomyia; Minthoplagia; Minthopsis; Minthotachina;
Minthozelia; Molliopsis; Monoestrogaster; [Morphomyia]; Moreiria; Morphodexia; Murdockiana;
Muscinothelaira; Muscopteryx; Myersimyia; Myiodoria; Myiodoriops; Myiophasiopsis; Myiosturmia;
Myioxynops; Myobiomima; Myobiopsis; Myocerops; Myoceropsis; Myocuphocera; Myothyriopsis;
Myxexoristops; Neacroglossa; Neadmontia; Neaphria; Neaporia; Neargyrophylax; Nemosturmia;
Neoarchytas; Neobrachelia; Neocampylochaeta; Neocraspedothrix; Neocuphocera; Neocyptera;
Neodionaea; Neoerigone; Neoeuantha; Neofischeria; Neogymnomma; Neohypostena; Neojurinia;
Neolophosia; Neometachaeta; Neominthopsis; Neommasicera; Neomyostoma; Neonyctia;
Neophorocera; Neophryxe; Neophyllophila; Neopodomyia; Neoprosena; Neopsalida; Neosarromyia;
Neoscotia; Neosolieria; Neothelaira; Neotractocera; Neotrafoia; Neotrafoiopsis; Neotropidomyia;
Neouromyia; Neowinthemia; Neoxynops; Nephochaetona; Nephoplagia; Nephopteropsis; Nepocarcelia;
Nepophasmophaga; [Neucuphocera]; [Neupodomyia]; Neuroplagia; Obolocera; Ochrocera;
Ochroepalpus; Ochromeigenia; Ochrophasia; Ocypterodes; Ocypteromima; Ocypteropsis;
Ocypterosipha; [Ocypterosipho]; Ocypterosoma; Ocypteryx; Ocyrtosoma; Odontocyptera; Odontosoma;
Oedemamedina; Oedemapeza; Oedemasoma; Oedematocera; Oedematopteryx; Oestrocara;
Oestrogaster; Oestrogastrodes; Oestrogastropsis; Oestrohystricia; Oestrophasiana; Oestroplagia;
Oestropsis; Okanagania; Okea; Okeopsis; Olenochaeta; Oligolydella; Oligooestrus; Olindopsis;
Ollachactia; Ollachea; Ollacheryphe; Ommaleskia; Ommasicera; Oomeigenia; Ophirion;
Ophirionopsis; Ophirodexia; Ophirosturmia; Opsocyptera; Opsoempheria; Opsoleskia;
Opsomeigenia; Opsophana; Opsophasiops; Opsophasiopteryx; [Opsophyopsis]; Opsosturmia;
Opsotheresia; Opsozelia; Opticopteryx; Oreophyto; Organomyia; Orientodoria; Orilliopsis;
Ormiophasia; Orohoughia; Oromasiphya; Orophorocera; Orthaporia; Ossidingia; Ostracophyto;
Otomasicera; Oxapampoepalpus; Oxexorista; Oxyaporia; Oxydexiops; Oxydosphyria; Oxynops;
Oxynopsis; Oxyophirion; Oxyrutilia; Pachynocera; Palexorista; Palpexorista; Palpocyptera;
Palpolinnaemyia; Palpostomotrixa; Palpotachina; Palpozenillia; Panacemyia; Panzeriopsis;
Parabrachelia; Paractinochaeta; Parademoticus; Paradexodes; Paradionaea; Parafischeria;
Paragermaria; Paragymnochaeta; Parajurinia; Paralispidea; Parameigenia; Paramuscopteryx;
Paramyocera; Paranaphora; Paranetia; Paraphasia; Paraphasiana; Paraphasiopsis;
Paraphasmophaga; Paraphorantha; Paraphryno; Paraporia; Paraprospherysa; Parapsalida;
Pararrhinactia; Paratactopsis; Parathelaira; Paratheresia; Parazelia; Parechinotachina; Parepalpodes;
Pareupogona; Parkerella; Parodomyia; Parodomyiops; Parthenoleskia; Patelloa; Patelloapsis;
Pelecotheca; Peleteriopsis; Pennapoda; Penthosiosoma; Peracroglossa; Periopticochaeta; Perua;
Petrargyrops; Phaenopsis; Phalacrophyto; Phantasiomyia; Phantasiosiphona; Phasiatacta;
Phasioclista; Phasiocyptera; Phasiodexia; Phasiomyia; Phasioormia; Phasiophyto; Phasiopsis;
Phasiostoma; Phasmofrontina; Phasmophaga; Philippodexia; Philippodoria; Philippoformosia;
Philippolophosia; Philotrichostylum; Phoeniciomyia; [Phoranthella]; [Phoranthella]; Phoriniophylax;
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Phorocerosoma; Phosocephala; Phosococephalops; Phrissopolia; Phrynactia; Phrynofrontina;
Phrynolydella; Phrynotachina; Phryxosturmia; Phylacteropoda; Phyllaristomyia; Phyllolabella;
Phyllophila; Phyllophilopsis; Phyllophorocera; Phyllophryno; Phytoadmontia; Phytopsis;
Pictoepalpus; Pilatea; Pirionimyia; Piximactia; Plagimasicera; Plagiophryxe; [Plagiopps]; Plagiops;
Plagiotachina; Plagiprospherysa; Platyphasia; Platyrrhinodexia; Plaxactia; Plectopsis; Podosturmia;
Polideosoma; Poliophrys; Polistiopsis; Polistomyia; Polleniopsis; Polygastropsis; Preuthera;
Proarchytas; Procarcelia; [Procarcella]; Procistogaster; Procleonice; Procraspedothrix; Procyanopsis;
Prodexilla; Prodexodes; Prodiaphania; Proepalpus; Prohypostena; Prohypotachina; Proleskia;
Proleskiomima; Prolixophaga; Prolophosia; Prolypha; Promasiphya; Promasipoda; Promegaparia;
Prometopiops; Promicrosillus; Promintho; Pronemorilla; Prooppia; Proparachaeta; Proparathelaira;
Prophaenopsis; Prophasiopsis; Prophorichaeta; Prophorinia; Prophorostoma; Prophryno;
Prophrynopsis; Proroglutea; Prosenostoma; [Prosopaea]; Prosophia; Prosopodopsis; Prosopofrontina;
Prospanipalpus; Prospherysodoria; Prosturmia; Protaporia; Protodejeania; Protogonia;
Protogoniops; Protogoniopsis; Protomeigenia; Prowinthemia; Proxynops; Psalidopteryx; Psammoppia;
Pseudatractocera; Pseudeuantha; Pseudoarchytas; Pseudoarchytopsis; Pseudobombyliomyia;
Pseudochaetona; Pseudodidyma; Pseudoeribea; Pseudokea; Pseudominthodes; Pseudomyothyria;
Pseudopalpostoma; Pseudorectocera; Pseudoservillia; Pseudosiphona; Pseudoxanthozona;
Pseudoxanthozonella; Pterinopterna; Pterotopeza; Ptilolydella; Ptilomyiopsis; Punaclista; Punamyia;
Punamyocera; Pygocalcager; Pygophorinia; Pyraustomyia; Pyrrhodexia; Pyrrhoernestia; [Pyrrhosia];
Pyrrhotachina; [Quadratosoma]; Quadratosoma; [Rachoepalpus]; Rhachoepalpodes; Rhachoepalpus;
Rhachogaster; Rhachosaundersia; Rhamphopteryx; [Rhinomydes]; Rhinomyodes; Rhombothyriops;
[Rhynchodexia]; Rhynchopeteina; Rileyella; Rileymyia; Roeseliopsis; Rondanimyia; Rutilodexia;
Rutilotrixa; Sarcocalirrhoe; Sarcolydella; Sarcoprosena; Saundersiopmima; Saundersiops;
Schistocercophaga; Schistostephana; Schizactia; Schizoceromyia; Schizocerophaga; Senexorista;
Sericodoria; Sericophoromyiops; Sericotachina; Servilliodes; [Servilliodos]; Servilliopsis; Setasiphona;
Shannonomyiella; Signoepalpus; [Signosoma]; Signosoma; Signosomopsis; Siphoactia; Siphoclytia;
Siphocrocuta; Sipholeskia; [Siphoniomyia]; Siphonopsis; Siphophyto; Siphoplagia; Siphoplagiopsis;
Siphopsalida; Siphosturmiopsis; Sisyphomyia; Sisyrohoughia; Sisyropododexia; Sisyrosturmia;
Slossonaemyia; Sorochemyia; Spanipalpus; Spathidexia; Spathimeigenia; Spathimyia;
Sphalloglandulus; Squamomedina; Steiniomyia; Stenaulacodoria; Stenodexiopsis; Stenosturmia;
Steveniopsis; [Stilbomyia]; Stomatolydella; Stomatotachina; Strobliomyia; Sturmimasiphya;
Sturmioactia; Sturmiodexia; Sturmiodoria; Sturmiomima; Sturmiopsis; Stylogynemyia; Stylurodoria;
Succingulodes; Sumatrodexia; Sumatrodoria; Sumatrosturmia; Sumatrotachina; Sumichrastia;
Syringosoma; Tachinodexia; Tachinomyia; Tachinophasia; Tachinophyto; Tachinophytopsis;
Tachinosoma; [Tackina]; Tapajohoughia; Tapajoleskia; Tapajomintho; Tapajosia; Taperamyia;
Tasmaniomyia; [Tchinaa]; Telothyriosoma; Thecocarcelia; [Thelairochaetoma]; Thelairochaetona;
Thelairodoria; Thelairoleskia; Thelairomima; Thelairophasia; Thelycarcelia; Thelyoxynops;
Thelyphaenopsis; Theresiopsis; Therobiopsis; Thysanopsis; Thysanosturmia; [Tichina]; Tinalydella;
Tinanemorilla; Tipulidomima; Tipuloleskia; [Tochina]; Topomeigenia; Tortriciophaga; Torynotachina;
Trepophrys; Triachora; Trichinochaeta; [Trichiopoda]; Trichoclytia; Trichodejeania; Trichoduropsis;
Trichoepalpus; [Tricholyga]; Trichophasia; [Trichophoropsis]; Trichophoropsis; Trichopododes;
Trichopodopsis; [Trichoprosopa]; Trichopyrrhosia; Trichosaundersia; Trichoschizotachina;
Trichotopteryx; Trinitodexia; Trinitodoria; Triodontopyga; Trisisyropa; Trixodopsis;
Trochilochaeta; Trochilodexia; Trochiloglossa; Trochiloleskia; Tromodesiana; Tromodesiopsis;
Tropidodexia; Tropidopsiomorpha; [Tubercolocera]; Tuberculocera; [Tutilodexia]; Tylodexia;
Ucayalimyia; Uclesiopsis; Ugimeigenia; Upodemocera; [Uramyia]; Uraporia; Urochaetona;
Urodexiomima; Urodexodes; Uroeuantha; Urohypomyia; Uromacquartia; Uromedina; Urophyllophila;
Urophyllopsis; Uruactia; Urucurymyia; Uruhuasia; [Uruhuasiopsis]; Uruhuasiopsis; Uruleskia;
Urumyobia; Uschizactia; Ushpayacua; Valpogonia; Vanderwulpella; Vanderwulpia; Verrugomyia;
Verrugophryno; Vespocyptera; Vibrissoepalpus; Vibrissomyia; Vibrissovoria; Villeneuvia;
Villeneuvimyia; Vinculomusca; Visayalydina; [Viviana]; Wiedemanniomyia; [Winthemyia];
Xanthoactia; Xanthocera; Xanthochaetona; Xanthoepalpodes; Xanthoepalpus; Xanthoerigone;
Xanthoernestia; Xanthohystricia; Xantholarvaevora; [Xanthomelandoes]; Xanthomelanodes;
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Xanthomelanopsis; Xanthopetia; Xanthophyllophila; Xanthophyto; Xanthopteromyia;
[Xanthoteromyia]; Xanthotheresia; Xanthotrichius; Xanthozona; Xanthozonella; Xanthozonopsis;
Xenadmontia; Xenophasia; [Xenophyxis]; Xenoplagia; Xenopyxis; Xeoprosopa; Xiphomyia;
Xiphophasia; Xylocamptomima; Xystotrixa; [Xystrotrixa]; Yahuarmayoia; Yahuarphryno;
Yahuartachina; Ypophaemyia; Ypophaemyiops; Zambesoides; Zambesopsis; Zizyphomyia;
Zonoepalpus; Zosteromeigenia; Zosteromyiopsis; Zosteropsis; Zygocarcelia; [Zygocenillia];
Zygofrontina; Zygosturmia; Zygozenillia.
T
IPULIDAE
: [Megistocera]; [Pachyrrhina].
List of Diptera Genus-Group Names Incorrectly Attributed to Townsend
[Dasyphorophaga] Neave, 1939: 19.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Incorrect subsequent spelling of Doryphorophaga Townsend, 1912.
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Name incorrectly attributed to Townsend (1912d).
[Dolichogenia] Sharp, 1917: 245.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Incorrect subsequent spelling of Dolichogonia Townsend, 1915.
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Name incorrectly attributed to Townsend (1915i).
[Dorbinia] Mesnil, 1949: 85.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Subsequent usage of Dorbinia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1847, sensu Townsend (1941: 99)
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Mesnil (1949: 85) treated the subsequent usage of Dorbinia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1847 by Townsend
(1941c: 99) as a Townsend name and proposed a new replacement name for it (Dorbiniella Mesnil, 1949)
incorrectly thinking it was preoccupied by Dorbinia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1847.
[Euceromyia] Coquillett, 1897: 39.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Incorrect subsequent spelling of Euryceromyia Townsend, 1892.
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Name incorrectly attributed to Townsend (1892n).
[Neomasicera] Imperial Bureau of Entomology, 1928: 348.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Incorrect subsequent spelling of Neommasicera Townsend, 1927.
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Name incorrectly attributed to Townsend (1927a).
[Promiltogramma] Sharp, 1919: 232.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Incorrect subsequent spelling of Protomiltogramma Townsend, 1916.
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Name incorrectly attributed to Townsend (1916i).
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[Silphoclytia] Neave, 1940b: 195.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Incorrect subsequent spelling of Siphoclytia Townsend, 1892.
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Name incorrectly attributed to Townsend (1892n).
[Stephanostoma Townsend] sensu Pape, 1996: 420
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Incorrect authorship.
F
AMILY
: SARCOPHAGIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Name incorrectly attributed to Townsend (1927a). Pape (1996) considered Townsend (1927a) as the
work in which this nominal genus was first made available. Townsend (1927a: 231) gave characters to
differentiate this genus-group name in his key, but attributed the name to Lenz. Lenz (1794: 256) proposed
this name as a species-group name but without any assigned genus-group name; hence, it is unavailable
from Lenz (1794). Jördens (1802) listed the name (following Lenz, 1794) but did not accept it. Bremser
(1819: 263) discussed it, saying it was Musca carnaria, but he was treating the name as a species-group
name (Ascaris stephanostoma). Subsequent workers either followed its treatment as a species-group name
or kept it in synonymy as a genus-group name. Townsend (1927a) was thus thought by Pape (1996) to be
the first work in which the name was made available as a genus-group name. However, an earlier work
was found in this study (Cole, 1923) where the genus-group name Stephanostoma is made available by
associating it with an available species name (Musca haemorrhoidalis Fallén, 1817). A few years earlier,
Townsend (1919a) synonymized Bercaea Rondani, 1861 with Stephanostoma saying that the type species
of each were the same; however, at the time Stephanostoma was still an unavailable name, so
synonymizing Bercaea with it did not make Stephanostoma available there. In a short note, Townsend
(1932c: 35) gave the same type species designation for Stephanostoma as Cole did (Musca
haemorrhoidalis Fallén), but was later. Thus, Stephanostoma should originate as an available genus-group
name and have the authorship and date as Stephanostoma Cole, 1923 with the type species as Musca
haemorrhoidalis Fallén, 1817, by monotypy, which places it as an objective junior synonym of Bercaea
Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863 in the Sarcophagidae, n. syn.
[Sturmimasipha] Neave, 1940b: 338.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Incorrect subsequent spelling of Sturmimasiphya Townsend, 1935.
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Name incorrectly attributed to Townsend (1935c).
[Stylurodoxia] Imperial Institute of Entomology, 1933: 379.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Incorrect subsequent spelling of Stylurodoria Townsend, 1933.
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Name incorrectly attributed to Townsend (1933a).
[Ypophaemyia] Neave, 1940b: 686.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Incorrect subsequent spelling of Ypophaemyiops Townsend, 1935.
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Name incorrectly attributed to Townsend (1935c). Ypophaemyia was originally described by Townsend
(1916k).
[Zigyphomyia] Neave, 1940b: 701.
C
URRENT
S
TATUS
: Incorrect subsequent spelling of Zizyphomyia Townsend, 1916
F
AMILY
: TACHINIDAE.
R
EMARKS
: Name incorrectly attributed to Townsend (1916m).
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Index of Diptera Species-Group Names Proposed by Townsend
Date letters correspond to the date-letter combination in the references below. Names listed are in their original
combination and orthography, including misspellings of genus-group names. Species-group names in italics are
unavailable names.
abdominalis, Abolodoria, 1934f: 400
abdominalis, Eujurinella, 1914f: 87
abdominalis, Eutrichopoda, 1929: 371
abdominalis, Metallicomintho, 1919b: 555
abdominalis, Minthomyia, 1919b: 564
abdominalis, Neowinthemia, 1919b: 583
aberrans, Actinotachina, 1929: 372
aberrans, Bonnaniops, 1935c: 231
aberrans, Doryphorophaga, 1916h: 217
aberrans, Ptilolydella, 1929: 372
abscondens, Neojurinia, 1914f: 81
acrididarum, Sarcophaga, 1893e: 468
acrirostris, Ginglymia, 1892n: 119
acroglossoides, Eophrissopolia, 1926a: 37
acroglossoides, Frontina, 1891m: 367
actifera, Actinochaetopteryx, 1927d: 278
acuminata, Cyclodionaea, 1915u: 234
adversa, Adidyma, 1935c: 231
aedon, Oncodes, 1895e: 608
affinis, Achaetoneuropsis, 1927a: 282
africana, Graphomuscina, 1918a: 152
alabamae, Hemimasipoda, 1940b: 892
alascensis, Eumesembrina, 1908a: 124
alata, Alophorophasia, 1927e: 288 [1928a: 374]
alba, Euphoroceropsis, 1917d: 50
albfacies, Carcelia, 1927h: 64
albicauda, Thysanopsis, 1917c: 231
albicincta, Jaenimyia, 1912f: 350
albifacies, Paradexodes, 1908a: 102
albifacies, Pseudorectocera, 1928a: 385
albipes, Lasiopalpus, 1913m: 105
albipes, Melanepalpus, 1914j: 155
albonotatum, Zodion, 1897j: 175
aldrichi, Hystricia, 1892n: 91
aldrichi, Spanipalpus, 1931b: 169
aldrichi, Willistonia, 1931e: 468
aldrichii, Hyalomyia, 1891c: 136
alene, Tabanus, 1895d: 59
aleurites, Conactiodoria, 1940b: 893
algeriensis, Santschia, 1919a: 161
alluandi, Denatella, 1931c: 374
alpina, Chaetocnephalia, 1915i: 63
alpina, Dolichostoma, 1912f: 325
alpina, Echinopyrrhosia, 1914f: 91
alpina, Engelomyia, 1931d: 350
alpina, Eudejeania, 1913m: 106
alpina, Euparaphyto, 1912f: 359
alpina, Mesembrierigone, 1931e: 458
alpina, Opticopteryx, 1931e: 456
alpina, Salmacia, 1912f: 347
amazonica, Actinochaetopsis, 1934f: 393
amazonica, Azulihoughia, 1934f: 401
amazonica, Egameigenia, 1927a: 303
amazonica, Eunotochaeta, 1934c: 203
amazonica, Helioplagia, 1934c: 211
americana, Clista, 1892g: 78
americana, Polidea, 1892g: 82
americana, Thryptocera, 1892d: 69
americana, Tryphera, 1892g: 78
ammophiloides, Systropus, 1901: 159
amorphochili, Synthesiostrebla, 1913e: 98
amydriae, Drepanoglossa, 1908a: 76
analis, Anazygosturmia, 1927a: 286
analis, Anhangabahuia, 1931e: 471
analis, Eubischofimyia, 1927a: 305
analis, Gymnochaetopsis, 1914a: 15 [1914d: 29]
analis, Itacnephalia, 1927a: 319
analis, Sarcolydella, 1927a: 355
analis, Theresia, 1911a: 149
analis, Umbelusia, 1917i: 197
analis, Uruhuasiopsis, 1915j: 71
analis, Xanthobrachycoma, 1927a: 365
analis, Yahuarmayoia, 1927a: 367
anametopochaetoides, Cuparymyia, 1934f: 397
andicola, Archytas, 1915a: 186
andicola, Jurinella, 1914m: 169
andina, Chaetophorocera, 1912f: 342
andina, Chloronesia, 1912f: 361
andina, Copecrypta, 1919b: 591
andina, Dejeania, 1912f: 333
andina, Epicuphocera, 1927a: 304
andina, Epidolichostoma, 1927a: 304
andina, Germariopsis, 1915i: 67
andina, Gymnosturmia, 1929: 377
andina, Metopoactia, 1927a: 329
andina, Neotrafoiopsis, 1931e: 452
andinensis, Chrysophryna, 1929: 373
andinensis, Olindopsis, 1927a: 339
andinus, Megaprosopus, 1912f: 365
andinus, Rhachoepalpus, 1914i: 142
angola, Auchmeromyiella, 1918d: 154
angusta, Actinophryno, 1928b: 148
angusta, Actinotachina, 1927a: 284
angusta, Catajurinia, 1927a: 294
angusta, Cataphorinia, 1927a: 294
angusta, Frontocnephalia, 1916d: 16
angusta, Mayophorinia, 1927a: 326
angusta, Metarrhinomyia, 1927a: 329
angusticauda, Eupalpocyptera, 1927d: 286
angusticornis, Atrophopalpus, 1892i: 131
angustifrons, Chrysoexorista, 1916d: 21 [as viridis ssp.]
angustifrons, Cryptospylosia, 1928a: 389
angustifrons, Eumiltogramma, 1933a: 444
angustifrons, Lucilia, 1908a: 120
angustifrons, Tabanus, 1895d: 59
angustipennis, Tinanemorilla, 1927a: 361
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anomala, Neophyto, 1908a: 55
anomala, Neotractocera, 1892n: 106
anomala, Siphoplagia, 1891m: 350
anomala, Urohypomyia, 1939e: 450
anorbitalis, Androcyptera, 1927e: 287 [1928a: 373]
anser, Cyclotaphrys, 1909b: 246
antennalis, Everestiomyia, 1933a: 466
antennalis, Italispidea, 1927a: 320
antennalis, Itaplectops, 1927a: 321
antennalis, Phasmophaga, 1909b: 244
antennalis, Phyllophryno, 1927a: 347
antennalis, Xanthoernestia, 1926a: 40
antlerata, Ucayalimyia, 1927a: 382
antrozoi, Nycteribia, 1893f: 79
apicalis, Alaccoprosopa, 1934f: 202
apicifera, Volucella, 1895c: 40
arabella, Phaenopsis, 1912f: 363
archytoides, Abepalpus, 1931e: 449
arcuata, Nephoplagia, 1919a: 172
arcuata, Sarcopromusca, 1927a: 355
arcuatus, Euepalpodes, 1915n: 429
arequipae, Erigonopsis, 1912f: 326
argenta, Sarcophaga, 1911a: 139
argentaurea, Paratheresia, 1939f: 548
argentea, Ocyptera, 1891c: 144
argentea, Sarcophaga, 1912f: 358
argentea, Signosomopsis, 1914f: 96
argentescens, Anoxynopsella, 1935c: 226
argentescens, Neargyrophylax, 1927a: 332
argenteus, Rhachoepalpus, 1914k: 153
argentifrons, Amazohoughia, 1934f: 400
argentifrons, Gymnoprosopa, 1892n: 109
argentifrons, Miltogramma, 1891m: 357
argentina, Epimeigenia, 1931e: 463
arida, Aeolofrontina, 1928e: 160
arida, Almugmyia, 1911a: 136
arida, Aplomyodoria, 1928a: 161
arida, Protogoniopsis, 1915n: 412
aristalis, Leiosiopsis, 1927h: 62
aristalis, Ostracophyto, 1915u: 228
aristalis, Phasiostoma, 1915u: 225
aristalis, Ptilolydella, 1927a: 354
aristata, Ictericodexia, 1934f: 391
arizonica, Aphantorhapha, 1919b: 586
arizonica, Petrosarcophaga, 1919b: 544
arizonica, Phoeniciomyia, 1915u: 231
armata, Lachnommopsis, 1915n: 421
arno, Proctacanthus, 1895e: 599
asiliformis, Asilidodexia, 1927d: 279
assimilis, Aubaeanetia, 1919b: 570
assimilis, Austrolydella, 1919b: 573
ategulata, Eucordylidexia, 1915e: 41
ater, Ecatocypterops, 1935c: 217
atra, Bischofimyia, 1927a: 290
atra, Eocypterula, 1926b: 541
atra, Euhuascaraya, 1927a: 307
atra, Leucostoma, 1891m: 380
atra, Opsoempheria, 1927a: 340
atra, Thelyphaenopsis, 1927a: 360
atra, Xanthocera, 1919b: 569
atrata, Arrhinodexia, 1927d: 283
atripennis, Erythrophasia, 1917a: 127
atripennis, Ochrophasia, 1927e: 288 [1928a: 374]
atripennis, Wahlbergia, 1891c: 145
atriplicis, Cecidomyia, 1893j: 1021
atrophopoda, Aravaipa, 1919b: 589
atrophopodella, Actinominthella, 1928e: 158
atrophopodoides, Vanderwulpia, 1891m: 381
atypica, Echinopyrrhosia, 1914f: 92
augusta, Catajurinia, 1927a: 294 [incorrect original
spelling of angusta]
aurantiaca, Trichopoda, 1891c: 140
aurantiacus, Erythroepalpus, 1931e: 439
aurata, Anadistichona, 1934f: 398
aurata, Anaphorinia, 1927a: 285
aurata, Carcalia, 1927h: 65
aurata, Discomyophora, 1927a: 302
aurata, Erviopsis, 1934c: 211
aurata, Heliolydella, 1927a: 314
aurata, Leskiolydella, 1927a: 324
aurata, Orohoughia, 1934f: 403
aurata, Urumyobia, 1934f: 396
auratus, Conops, 1901: 161
aurea, Azygobothria, 1911a: 142
aurea, Conactiodoria, 1934f: 403
aurea, Diaphanomyia, 1917c: 229
aurea, Dolichogonia, 1915i: 68
aurea, Eufletcherimyia, 1934b: 111
aurea, Euzenillia, 1911a: 148 [1912c: 111]
aurea, Macromeigenia, 1916d: 21
aurea, Protomeigenia, 1916i: 156
aurea, Raviniopsis, 1918a: 161
aurea, Vibrissovoria, 1929: 379
aurea, Zygastropyga, 1917i: 195
aureocephala, Anaeudora, 1933a: 468
aureolatum, Eusignosoma, 1914h: 125
aureopilis, Helophilus, 1895c: 51
aurescens, Eucelatoria, 1917c: 226 [as australis ssp.]
aurescens, Helicobiopsis, 1927a: 313
aurescens, Itavoria, 1931e: 475
aurescens, Macrozenillia, 1927h: 68
aurescens, Micronychiops, 1915n: 424
aurescens, Uruleskia, 1934f: 397
aureum, Eusignosoma, 1914h: 124
auribarbata, Sarcophaga, 1911a: 139
auribarbata, Sarcophaga, 1912f: 357
auricaudata, Ceromasia, 1908a: 102
auricaudata, Chrysopygia, 1933a: 472
auricephala, Eumachaeraea, 1927a: 308
aurifacies, Chiloepalpus, 1927d: 281
aurifrons, Ceromasia, 1908a: 102
aurifrons, Hystriciella, 1915q: 95
aurifrons, Neoarchytas, 1917c: 228 [as inambarica ssp.]
aurifrons, Pachyophthalmus, 1891m: 354
aurifrons, Paradexodes, 1908a: 101
aurifrons, Plagia, 1892d: 67
aurifrons, Schistostephana, 1919b: 552
aurigena, Sarcophaga, 1911a: 139
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aurigena, Sarcophaga, 1912f: 357
auroanalis, Oxapampoepalpus, 1931e: 441
auromaculata, Aulacophyto, 1919a: 158
auromaculata, Dolichamobia, 1915n: 408
auromaculata, Euparaphyto, 1919a: 157
auromaculata, Punasarcophaga, 1915n: 409
aurometallica, Bolohoughia, 1927a: 291
auronigra, Calozenillia, 1927h: 67
auronigra, Sturmioactia, 1927a: 358
aurulans, Prophryno, 1927a: 353
australis, Anamastax, 1933a: 473
australis, Euboettcheria, 1927a: 306
australis, Eucelatoria, 1911a: 140
australis, Euleucomyia, 1934c: 202
australis, Leskiomima, 1929: 368
australis, Lucilia, 1908a: 122
australis, Myiophasia, 1916e: 11
australis, Phasiopteryx, 1911a: 136
australis, Spanipalpus, 1928e: 164
autumnalis, Actiopsis, 1917a: 122
autumnalis, Paragermaria, 1909b: 247
avida, Avibrissosturmia, 1927a: 283
baal, Atylotus, 1895d: 58
bahamensis, Acronaristopsis, 1919a: 178
bakeri, Botriopsis, 1928a: 390
bakeri, Eoacemyia, 1926b: 531
bakeri, Eocarceliopsis, 1928a: 393
bakeri, Hystricovoria, 1928a: 395
baltica, Berendtia, 1921a: 133
barberi, Lucilia, 1908a: 121
barbiellinii, Belvosiomimops, 1935c: 229
barbiellinii, Melanoromintho, 1935c: 227
bassleri, Bathytheresia, 1928b: 146
bassleri, Paratheresia, 1929: 367
bella, Milesia, 1897c: 142
bellardiana, Mesembrinella, 1934b: 110
bellardii, Plecia, 1912e: 289
bezzii, Cylindromyiopsis, 1916e: 9
bicapitata, Squamata, 1931a: 78
bicolor, Chiloclista, 1931d: 334
bicolor, Ecuadorana, 1912f: 324
bicolor, Thelairoleskia, 1926d: 23
bicolor, Vibrissomyia, 1912f: 328
bicolor, Xanthotheresia, 1931d: 346
bicrucis, Bicruciosturmia, 1932b: 107
bigeloviae, Eurosta, 1893a: 49
bigeloviaebrassicoides, Cecidomyia, 1893f: 491
bigeloviaestrobiloides, Cecidomyia, 1894c: 176
bischofi, Xanthoepalpodes, 1931e: 438
bivittata, Barydexia, 1928a: 380
bivittata, Calotheresia, 1928a: 380
bivittata, Myothyriopsis, 1919b: 575
boliviana, Alpinoplagia, 1931e: 476
boliviana, Rhachosaundersia, 1931e: 440
boliviana, Trichomorellia, 1931d: 314
bombiformis, Microdon, 1895c: 33
borealis, Chrysomasicera, 1915u: 230
brasiliana, Acaulona, 1937d: 316
brasiliana, Alophorella, 1929: 370
brasiliana, Anicia, 1929: 365
brasiliana, Biohypostena, 1927a: 290
brasiliana, Blephariatacta, 1931e: 468
brasiliana, Borgmeiermyia, 1935d: 293
brasiliana, Catocyptera, 1927a: 295
brasiliana, Paraphorantha, 1937d: 317
brasiliana, Voria, 1929: 380
brasilianum, Parapsalida, 1938a: 204
brasiliensis, Alophoropsis, 1938d: 347
brasiliensis, Antistaseopsis, 1934f: 401
brasiliensis, Aplomyopsis, 1927a: 287
brasiliensis, Belvosiopsis, 1927a: 289
brasiliensis, Brachybelvosia, 1927a: 291
brasiliensis, Brachycnephalia, 1927a: 291
brasiliensis, Celatoria, 1929: 375
brasiliensis, Ceromasiopsis, 1927a: 296
brasiliensis, Chrysomyia, 1892y: 36
brasiliensis, Dejeaniopalpus, 1929: 368
brasiliensis, Euselenomyia, 1929: 365
brasiliensis, Euthelairopsis, 1927a: 309
brasiliensis, Hemimasipoda, 1927a: 315
brasiliensis, Hyalomyodes, 1929: 370
brasiliensis, Leskiopsis, 1929: 369
brasiliensis, Neacroglossa, 1927a: 332
brasiliensis, Ophirionopsis, 1927a: 340
brasiliensis, Oxyepalpus, 1927a: 343
brasiliensis, Oxynopsis, 1927a: 343
brasiliensis, Paratheresia, 1917c: 222
brasiliensis, Polygaster, 1917c: 224
brasiliensis, Procarcelia, 1927a: 349
brasiliensis, Pseudoarchytopsis, 1927a: 354
brasiliensis, Pseudosarcophagula, 1927a: 354
brasiliensis, Siphonopsis, 1929: 374
brasiliensis, Trichodejeania, 1929: 382
brasiliensis, Xanthomelanodes, 1929: 371
brasiliensis, Xanthomelanopsis, 1917c: 233
brasiliensis, Xanthozonella, 1927a: 365
brasiliensis, Ypophaemyia, 1917c: 231 [as malacosomae
ssp.]
brasiliensis, Zonoepalpus, 1927a: 369
braueri, Chrysotachina, 1931e: 452
braueri, Discochaeta, 1933a: 479
braueri, Eugymnopeza, 1933a: 453
braueri, Leptotachina, 1916e: 10
braueri, Paralucilia, 1916e: 11
braueri, Prohypostena, 1916e: 12
braueri, Zosteromyia, 1933a: 457
brevicornis, Ormia, 1919b: 548
brevifrons, Caeniopsis, 1927a: 292
brevirostris, Sumatrodexia, 1926d: 27
buccata, Servilliopsis, 1916m: 315
busckii, Argyreomyia, 1915n: 426
busckii, Beskioleskia, 1919b: 562
busckii, Bezzimyia, 1919b: 592
busckii, Ormiophasia, 1919a: 165
caerulea, Sarconesiopsis, 1918d: 156
caffrariae, Chlorolydella, 1933a: 474
calida, Charapemyia, 1919b: 590
calidus, Leskiopalpus, 1916b: 629
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californica, Hesperophasiopsis, 1915u: 222
californica, Hyalomyodes, 1908a: 126
californicus, Xanthomelanodes, 1908a: 129
calosomae, Eubiomyia, 1916k: 74
campechianus, Tabanus, 1897h: 197
cana, Prosthetocirca, 1917i: 196
capitata, Alophorellopsis, 1927a: 284
capitata, Cockerelliana, 1915u: 218
capitata, Gymnodoria, 1927a: 311
capitis, Zygofrontina, 1915n: 427
carcelioides, Hemisturmia, 1927a: 316
carinata, Eomyocera, 1926b: 538
carinata, Machairomasicera, 1919b: 578
carinata, Melanocyptera, 1927a: 327
carinata, Tachinophytopsis, 1927a: 359
carpocapsae, Eutritochaeta, 1919b: 580
caudata, Blaesoxiphotheca, 1918a: 159
caudata, Maracajuia, 1939e: 449
caudata, Uromedina, 1926d: 19
caudata, Urophyllophila, 1927a: 363
cauta, Catalinovoria, 1926a: 38
cavicola, Chiricahuia, 1918b: 178
cavicola, Neomuscina, 1919b: 541
cayensis, Saundersiops, 1914i: 141 [as cruciata ssp.]
celer, Eupelecotheca, 1919a: 169
celer, Hyalomyia, 1895d: 65
celer, Zizyphomyia, 1916m: 318
ceras, Chrysops, 1897d: 38
ceylanica, Atractocerops, 1916m: 307
ceylanica, Eocarcelia, 1919b: 583
ceylanica, Eophyto, 1919a: 164
chachapoyana, Italydella, 1929: 372
chaetopygiale, Euthelairosoma, 1926d: 33
chaetosa, Actinocrocuta, 1935c: 228
chaetosa, Catheteronychia, 1927a: 295
chaetosa, Chaetoxynops, 1928b: 149
chaetosa, Cryptosarcophila, 1931d: 314
chaetosa, Hypochaetopsis, 1915n: 422
chaetosa, Iteuthelaira, 1929: 369
chaetosa, Minthomima, 1927a: 381
chaetosa, Ommasicera, 1911a: 145
chaetosa, Salmacia, 1912f: 347
chaetosa, Sisyrosturmia, 1926a: 36
chaetosula, Muscopteryx, 1892q: 171
chalcos, Chrysodoria, 1934f: 402
charapemyioides, Neobrachelia, 1931e: 459
charapense, Caenisoma, 1927a: 292
charapensis, Epiprospherysa, 1927a: 305
charapensis, Siphoactia, 1927a: 357
charapensis, Urodexodes, 1919b: 572
chihuahuensis, Brachycoma, 1892q: 165
chilensis, Chaetocraniopsis, 1915i: 69
chilensis, Ectophasiopsis, 1915n: 440
chilensis, Valpogonia, 1928e: 163
chlorescens, Chrysohoughia, 1935c: 231
chosica, Oomeigenia, 1915n: 435
chrysophani, Exorista, 1891i: 197
ciliata, Exorista, 1891m: 363
ciliata, Neonyctia, 1919a: 163
ciliata, Pterinopterna, 1919b: 553
ciliata, Sturmimasiphya, 1935c: 230
cimbicis, Sarcophaga, 1892h: 126
cincta, Croesoactia, 1927a: 300
cincta, Miamimyia, 1916m: 309
cincta, Ophirosturmia, 1911a: 133
cincta, Protomiltogramma, 1916i: 155
cinctus, Sarothromyiops, 1917i: 196
cinerascens, Miltogramma, 1891m: 358
cinerea, Hesperodinera, 1919b: 551
cinerea, Meigenielloides, 1919b: 574
cinerea, Neoerigone, 1919b: 591
cinerea, Trepophrys, 1908a: 96
cinereus, Rhachoepalpus, 1914i: 144
clarifrons, Gymnoprosopa, 1892n: 109
claripennis, Plagiotachina, 1932a: 46
clarus, Pictoepalpus, 1915j: 72
clausa, Chlorrhynchomyia, 1933a: 440
clausa, Euthelyconychia, 1927a: 309
clausa, Lydellactia, 1927a: 324
clavis, Paraphasmophaga, 1915u: 223
clemonsi, Spathidexia, 1912c: 110
clisiocampae, Tachina, 1891d: 83
clistoides, Ennyomma, 1891m: 371
clistoides, Xanthocera, 1915b: 22
coccidella, Eumasicera, 1909b: 249
cochliomyia, Chlorosarcophaga, 1919b: 543
cocklei, Arabiopsis, 1915k: 286
coerulana, Strongyloneura, 1917h: 198
coerulea, Cyanogymnomma, 1927a: 301
collaris, Lydellothelaira, 1919b: 559
collusor, Oscinis, 1895e: 619
colombiana, Cordillerodexia, 1929: 366
communis, Aphriosphyria, 1927a: 287
compressa, Mesembriomintho, 1916i: 159
comstocki, Eulasiona, 1892n: 120
concolor, Patelloapsis, 1929: 378
confluens, Saundersiops, 1914i: 140
confundens, Amobiopsis, 1915b: 20
confundens, Clythopsis, 1927a: 298
conica, Anoxynops, 1927a: 286
conica, Ceratomyiella, 1891m: 380
conica, Chaetodoria, 1927a: 296
conica, Chrysotryphera, 1935c: 232
connectans, Tropidopsis, 1912f: 312
conspersa, Kuwanimyia, 1916m: 319
convexa, Phrynofrontina, 1919b: 580
cookii, Suioestrus, 1921a: 134
cordiae, Volucella, 1897f: 27
cornifera, Ceratometopa, 1931d: 341
cornuta, Casahuiria, 1919b: 582
cornutum, Corpulentosoma, 1914d: 42
corpulentum, Tachinosoma, 1927a: 359
corpulentus, Epalpellus, 1914f: 89
corpulentus, Eulasiopalpus, 1914m: 173
corpulentus, Melanepalpellus, 1927a: 327
costalis, Callitrogopsis, 1935b: 70
costalis, Cyanopsis, 1917c: 228
costalis, Epiphanocera, 1915n: 419
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costalis, Lophosiopsis, 1928a: 382
costalis, Melanorlopteryx, 1927a: 328
costalis, Micronotochaeta, 1927a: 330
costalis, Oedemamedina, 1927a: 337
crescentis, Atactomima, 1916d: 16
croesus, Chrysoprospherysa, 1928b: 148
cruciata, Andinomyia, 1912f: 329
cruciata, Huascaromusca, 1918d: 156
cruciata, Saundersiops, 1914i: 140
cruciata, Uruhuasia, 1914h: 127
cruciata, Zygocarcelia, 1927h: 64
crypta, Carceliocephala, 1934f: 402
cubana, Argyrochaetona, 1919a: 167
cuneata, Cataphyto, 1935b: 72
cuprea, Actinodoria, 1927a: 283
curriei, Hemipyrellia, 1918d: 154
curriei, Lophosiocera, 1916b: 623
curriei, Panzeriopsis, 1915k: 291
curta, Micromasiphya, 1934f: 399
curvicauda, Catapariprosopa, 1927d: 285
cuspidata, Shannoniella, 1939b: 251
cuzcana, Perua, 1912f: 365
cuzcensis, Incamyia, 1912f: 317
cyanea, Cyacyrtoneura, 1931e: 479
cylindrica, Arrhinactia, 1927a: 288
cylindrica, Minthohoughia, 1919b: 581
cylindrica, Stylogynemyia, 1927d: 280
cypseloides, Anthomyiopsis, 1916f: 21
dakotensis, Echinomyia, 1892n: 94
dakotensis, Euscopolia, 1892n: 124
dakotensis, Sarcoclista, 1892n: 123
danai, Zygofrontina, 1940b: 893
datanae, Exorista, 1892w: 288
datanarum, Masicera, 1892w: 287
debilis, Eubrachymera, 1919a: 162
decens, Eumacronychia, 1892n: 99
decisa, Miltogramma, 1892e: 81
decoratus, Echinopyrrhosiops, 1931d: 443
delta, Deltoceromyia, 1931e: 478
delta, Uruhuasia, 1914h: 128
denudata, Pseudoxanthozona, 1931e: 442
desertorum, Phrissopolia, 1908a: 94
desvoidyi, Schaumia, 1919b: 584
desvoidyi, Sophia, 1931d: 338
devia, Copecrypta, 1917c: 227 [as ruficauda ssp.]
dexina, Neaphria, 1914a: 13
dexina, Neothelaira, 1912c: 109
diademoides, Paranaphora, 1908a: 73
diaristata, Megistodexia, 1933a: 456
diatraeae, Euzenilliopsis, 1916k: 76
diatraeae, Palpozenillia, 1941b: 340
dieloceri, Hylotomomyia, 1942b: 438
dimidiata, Paraphorantha, 1937d: 318
dimorpha, Arabisca, 1935f: 208
dirphiae, Podosturmia, 1928b: 151
discalis, Empheremyiops, 1927a: 303
discalis, Epalpus, 1914i: 134
discalis, Myiodoria, 1927a: 331
discalis, Neominthopsis, 1915n: 418
discalis, Opsozelia, 1919b: 557
discalis, Paramyocera, 1915n: 406
distincta, Anazygosturmia, 1929: 377
distincta, Trixoclista, 1892n: 103
divaricata, Dolichodinera, 1935c: 218
dolichopiformis, Dolichopodomintho, 1927d: 278
dominicana, Ormia, 1919b: 548
dubia, Dactylodidyma, 1927a: 301
dugesii, Trichobius, 1891e: 106
duodecimpunctata, Chrysagria, 1935b: 73
dysderci, Euomogenia, 1937d: 317
dysderci, Euphorantha, 1938d: 347
dysderci, Paraphasiana, 1940b: 889
ecitonis, Hyalomyia, 1897f: 30
edessae, Xenophyxis, 1942b: 438
edwardsii, Phorocera, 1891m: 366
egensis, Chrysophryno, 1927a: 298
eiseni, Apatolestes, 1895e: 596
eiseni, Hermetia, 1895e: 594
elegans, Amphitropesa, 1933a: 464
elegans, Eophyllophila, 1926d: 19
elegans, Erythroargyrops, 1917a: 124
elegans, Formicophania, 1916m: 323
elegans, Microaporia, 1919b: 561
elegans, Microtrichommodes, 1927a: 330
elegans, Parachetolyga, 1929: 377
elegans, Rhombothyriops, 1915n: 420
elita, Eumacronychia, 1892n: 100
elodioides, Succingulodes, 1935c: 225
elongata, Asilidotachina, 1931e: 462
elongata, Ollachea, 1919b: 577
elongata, Phasiatacta, 1911a: 144
elzneri, Ugimeigenia, 1916m: 316
emarginata, Camposiana, 1915q: 96
emarginatus, Trichoepalpus, 1914j: 156
emperomyioides, Rhinomyodes, 1933a: 474
enderleini, Ctenoprosballia, 1931a: 76
enderleini, Dienchaeta, 1931a: 76
engeli, Innshanotroxis, 1933a: 467
epalpata, Epseudocyptera, 1927e: 283 [1928a: 369]
episcopa, Epixorista, 1927h: 62
equatorialis, Eomintho, 1926b: 533
equatorialis, Eozenillia, 1926b: 543
equatorialis, Epalpodes, 1912f: 330
equatorialis, Eugymnochaeta, 1912f: 314
equinoctialis, Triachora, 1912f: 348
erigonopsidis, Ernestiopsis, 1931e: 454
erro, Itamintho, 1931d: 330
estebana, Volucella: 1895e: 612
ethiopa, Stylogaster, 1897b: 26
eudryae, Exorista, 1892w: 287
eufitchiae, Masicera, 1892w: 286
eulalia, Euloewiodoria, 1927a: 308
eumyothyroides, Emphanopteryx, 1892n: 121
eva, Eujuriniodes, 1935c: 219
evibrissata, Ecatocyptera, 1927d: 286
exilis, Pseudohystricia, 1892j: 146
exoristoides, Verrugophryno, 1927a: 364
exul, Blepharipeza, 1892d: 64
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facialis, Actinoprosopa, 1927a: 283
facialis, Atactopsis, 1917c: 229
facialis, Chrysops, 1897d: 39
facialis, Cuphoceropsis, 1935c: 220
facialis, Dexomyophora, 1927a: 301
facialis, Helioprosopa, 1927a: 314
facialis, Mayodistichona, 1928b: 152
facialis, Nepophasmophaga, 1927a: 337
facialis, Ollacheryphe, 1927a: 339
facialis, Plaxactia, 1931e: 477
facialis, Sturmiodoria, 1928a: 392
facialis, Sumatrotachina, 1927h: 60
facialis, Trixodopsis, 1933c: 527
fantastica, Fasslomyia, 1931e: 453
fasciata, Calocarcelia, 1927a: 293
fasciata, Eutorocca, 1919b: 554
fasciata, Hemilydella, 1927a: 315
fasciata, Philippodoria, 1928a: 391
fasciatum, Trichostylum, 1928a: 380
fax, Volucella, 1895c: 42
femoralis, Dolichocoxys, 1927h: 57
ferox, Spathimyia, 1912f: 319
ferruginea, Jurinella, 1929: 382
ferruginea, Procistogaster, 1934c: 208
ferruginosa, Belvosia, 1895d: 71
ficorum, Theresiopsis, 1916m: 301
fiebrigi, Phyllaristomyia, 1931e: 467
filamentosa, Epidexia, 1912c: 112
filipalpis, Metamyobia, 1927a: 328
filipes, Eophyllophila , 1927d: 283
flava, Beskiocephala, 1916d: 17
flava, Clytia, 1891m: 372 [unavailable name; teratological
specimen]
flava, Eumyobia, 1911a: 147
flava, Neofischeria, 1908a: 75 [1908c: 380]
flava, Opsoleskia, 1919b: 566
flava, Trochiloleskia, 1917c: 227
flavescens, Euoestrogastrodes, 1935c: 224
flavescens, Leskiopalpus, 1929: 368
flavicans, Eufabricia, 1908a: 112
flavicauda, Euepalpus, 1908a: 115
flavicornis, Miltogramma, 1891m: 355
flavida, Aglummyia, 1915d: 65 [as percinerea ssp.]
flavida, Phasiodexia, 1925e: 251
flavifrons, Chloroidia, 1917h: 196
flavipes, Vibrissoepalpus, 1915j: 74
flavotegulata, Myiophasiopsis, 1927a: 382
floridana, Cnephalomyia, 1911a: 144 [1912c: 113]
floridana, Phasiopsis, 1912c: 108
floridensis, Euphorocera, 1916h: 217
floridensis, Juriniopsis, 1916k: 73
floridensis, Pachyophthalmus, 1892e: 80
floridensis, Plagiprospherysa, 1892n: 114
floridensis, Siphophyto, 1892n: 128
floridensis, Tachinomyia, 1892n: 97
floridensis, Tachinophyto, 1892n: 131
formosa, Xantholarvaevora, 1933a: 465
formosana, Phasiodexia, 1927d: 284
formosana, Thelodiscoprosopa, 1933a: 445
formosensis, Austrophasiopsis, 1933a: 449
formosensis, Calotheresia, 1927d: 284
formosensis, Goniophyto, 1927d: 281
formosensis, Halidayopsis, 1927d: 282
formosensis, Wagneriopsis, 1927d: 282
formosensis, Zambesa, 1927d: 286
formosus, Xanthooestrus, 1931c: 385
fornax, Volucella, 1895e: 613
forte, Phorocerosoma, 1927h: 61
fosteri, Belvosiomima, 1915n: 474
frankliniana, Tephromyiella, 1918a: 164
froggattii, Argyrothelaira, 1916m: 311
froggattii, Chlorodexia, 1916i: 154
frontalis, Euptilomyia, 1939e: 451
frontalis, Hemiargyropsis, 1927a: 315
frontalis, Organomyia, 1915u: 232
frontalis, Pachygraphia, 1929: 366
frontalis, Proleskiomima, 1934f: 396
fulva, Nepocarcelia, 1927a: 336
fulvescens, Itabiomyia, 1927a: 319
fulvipes, Calirrhoe, 1927h: 56
fulvipes, Neommasicera, 1927a: 334
fulvipes, Oligolydella, 1927a: 338
fulviventris, Charapozelia, 1927a: 297
fulviventris, Makasinocerops, 1935c: 219
fulviventris, Medinodexia, 1927h: 57
fulvus, Melanepalpus, 1914k: 155
fulvus, Phosococephalops, 1927a: 347
fumata, Comyopsis, 1919a: 176
fumifera, Phasiophyto, 1919b: 548
fumipennis, Dexodomintho, 1935c: 226
fumipennis, Euprospherysa, 1928b: 147
fumipennis, Malayodoria, 1926d: 35
fumipennis, Medina, 1926d: 20
fumipennis, Paraprospherysa, 1927a: 345
fumosa, Ommaleskia, 1917c: 227
fumosus, Oestrogaster, 1912f: 310
fusca, Forcipophasia, 1935c: 216
fusca, Parachaeta, 1916e: 11
fuscosa, Chaetophorocera, 1912f: 343
fuscus, Euoestrogaster, 1935c: 224
gabana, Eublepharipeza, 1914e: 47
gabanus, Xanthoepalpus, 1914j: 157
gagatea, Gymnommopsis, 1927a: 312
gagateum, Juriniosoma, 1927a: 323
galapagensis, Gigantotheca, 1917i: 196
galerucae, Protaporia, 1919a: 171
geminata, Calolydella, 1927a: 293
geminata, Italydella, 1927a: 320
geminata, Nausigaster, 1897f: 25
genalis, Neocampylochaeta, 1927a: 332
genalis, Paramuscopteryx, 1915u: 219
geniculata, Coronimyia, 1892n: 129
georgiana, Aphria, 1908a: 68
giebelii, Paleostomoxys, 1921a: 133
giganteum, Gigantachinosoma, 1932b: 106
gilanus, Tabanus, 1897g: 92
gilensis, Myobia, 1897d: 40
gillettei, Trixa, 1892d: 68
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giraulti, Lucilia, 1908a: 121
gladiatrix, Xiphomyia, 1917a: 126
globosa, Loewia, 1892i: 129
glossata, Geneoglossa, 1935c: 225
gonoides, Eucnephalia, 1892q: 167
gracilis, Leptodexia, 1919b: 550
gracilis, Medinophyto, 1927a: 326
gracilis, Microchaetona, 1919b: 565
gracilis, Phantasiomyia, 1915u: 226
gracilis, Xanthophyllophila, 1927a: 365
grandis, Chaetocalirrhoe, 1935c: 218
grandis, Itaxanthomelana, 1927a: 322
grandis, Xenopyxis, 1940b: 891
greenei, Elephantocera, 1915r: 99
grisea, Gymnosturmia, 1927a: 312
grisescens, Geneodes, 1934f: 394
grisescens, Gymnocamptops, 1927a: 311
guianensis, Gymnostylia, 1892y: 19
guianensis, Irengia, 1935c: 217
guianensis, Trichoduropsis, 1919b: 553
guttatulus, Diachlorus, 1893n: 134
haenschi, Homosaundersiops, 1931e: 446
halisidotae, Uromacquartia, 1916b: 626
harveyi, Daeochaeta, 1892n: 98
haustellata, Neoprosena, 1927a: 335
helicis, Sarcophaga, 1892a: 220
heliconiinarum, Plagiotachina, 1929: 373
hemerocampae, Sisyropa, 1909b: 248
hemiargyroides, Argyrodoria, 1927a: 288
hemydoides, Formosolophosia, 1927d: 280
herbsti, Goniogramma, 1931d: 317
heros, Gigantoepalpus, 1931e: 443
heynei, Heyneophasia, 1934c: 208
hirsuta, Knabia, 1915k: 287
hirsutus, Deopalpus, 1908a: 110
hirta, Froggattimyia, 1916i: 156
hirta, Okanagania, 1915k: 290
hirta, Proleskia, 1927a: 350
homeonychioides, Heliolydella, 1934c: 210
hondurana, Anaravinia, 1934c: 203
huascaraya, Hemiargyra, 1917a: 125
huascarayana, Eudejeania, 1914m: 171
hyalomoides, Clistomorpha, 1892g: 80
hyphantriae, Meigenia, 1891j: 176
hyphena, Hypophorinia, 1927a: 318
hypodermica, Hypomyothyria, 1927a: 318
hypopygialis, Xenoppia, 1915b: 20
hystricosa, Gabanimyia, 1914e: 46
hystrix, Anepalpus, 1931e: 445
hystrix, Echinomasicera, 1915n: 413
hystrix, Eublepharipeza, 1914e: 47
hystrix, Fabriciopsis, 1914f: 48
hystrix, Fabriciopsis, 1914f: 83
ignota, Giebelia, 1921a: 133
illinoiensis, Eumyothyria, 1892n: 122
illinoiensis, Siphona, 1891m: 368
imitator, Argentoepalpus, 1929: 381
imitatrix, Incamyiopsis, 1919b: 587
impressum, Signosoma, 1914f: 94
inambarica, Euthelaira, 1912f: 306
inambarica, Neoarchytas, 1915n: 431
inca, Acemeigenia, 1927a: 282
inca, Zygosturmia, 1911a: 142
incana, Tropidia, 1895c: 52
incarum, Neotrafoia, 1912f: 314
incasana, Archytas, 1912f: 331
indecisa, Pseudomyothyria, 1892n: 132
indica, Rhynchomyiopsis, 1917h: 195
indivisa, Trichopoda, 1897i: 281 [as histrio var.]
inferens, Sturmiopsis, 1916m: 313
infernalis, Catagoniopsis, 1926a: 30
infernalis, Oxydosphyria, 1926a: 41
infernalis, Stomatolydella, 1919b: 570
inflatum, Pseudogymnosoma, 1918d: 152
infuscata, Lucilia, 1908a: 123
inops, Volucella, 1895c: 43
insularis, Opsophytopsis, 1918a: 163
insulensis, Eustomatodexia, 1892s: 167 [unavailable name;
teratological specimen]
intensivus, Tabanus, 1897g: 93
intermedia, Isosturmia, 1927h: 68
intermedia, Itasturmia, 1927a: 322
intermedia, Iteuthelaira, 1927a: 323
intermedia, Sarcotachinella, 1892n: 111
inversa, Isosturmia, 1927h: 67
irazuana, Calliphora, 1908a: 118
itaquaquecetubae, Argyreomyia, 1929: 375
itaquaquecetubae, Eutelothyria, 1931d: 333
itaquaquecetubae, Jicaltepecia, 1929: 372
ivu, Actinomintho, 1928b: 145
jacobsoni, Gaediogonia, 1927h: 71
jacobsoni, Kurintjimyia, 1926d: 38
jacobsoni, Oxyrutilia, 1926d: 31
jacobsoni, Phryxosturmia, 1927h: 68
jacobsoni, Ugimyia, 1927h: 70
jaena, Erythromelana, 1919a: 175
japonica, Aphrimyobia, 1928a: 396
japonica, Tachina, 1909b: 247
javana, Eutrixopsis, 1919a: 166
jellisoni, Cephenemyia, 1941a: 161
jicaltepecia, Eujurinia, 1931d: 354
johanseni, Mallochomyia, 1926a: 35
johnsoni, Macquartia, 1892g: 81
juquiana, Juquianicia, 1934b: 112
jurinioides, Blepharipeza, 1895d: 71
jurinoides, Atropharista, 1892n: 92
kansensis, Miltogramma, 1892d: 68
kansensis, Olenochaeta, 1892n: 115
kermodei, Rhachogaster, 1915k: 291
kloofia, Prosophia, 1927h: 58
knabi, Glaucosarcophaga, 1917d: 45
kockiana, Carcelia, 1927h: 65
kockiana, Catacarcelia, 1927h: 66
lachnosternae, Viviania, 1908a: 106
lacteata, Euomogenia, 1908a: 132
lagoae, Exorista, 1891h: 159
lanei, Lipoptilocnema, 1934b: 112
lateralis, Eugymnochaetopsis, 1927d: 287
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latipennis, Euaresta, 1893c: 13
leibyi, Schizocerophaga, 1916k: 77
lepusculi, Cuterebra, 1897a: 8
leucaniae, Sarcophaga, 1893e: 468
limacodis, Aporia, 1892k: 275
limonus, Tabanus, 1897f: 21 [as mexicanus var.]
lindigi, Ptilodegeeria, 1931e: 465
lindneri, Neophytodes, 1931d: 318
linearis, Calpodomyia, 1915n: 415
lineata, Trichodura, 1934f: 390
lineata, Trichosaundersia, 1914i: 138
lineata, Vibrissomyia, 1912f: 328
lineatus, Epalpus, 1914i: 136
linelii, Pseudeuantha, 1915n: 416
linellii, Pseudobombyliomyia, 1931d: 348
littoralis, Plagiops, 1911a: 141 [1912c: 107]
lluyi, Exoernestia, 1929: 380
longimana, Myobiomima, 1926d: 22
longipennis, Eomyoceropsis, 1926d: 29
longipes, Dexiomimops, 1926d: 21
longipes, Eoptilodexia, 1926b: 536
longipes, Philippodexia, 1926b: 534
longipes, Urochaetona, 1919b: 562
longipes, Uroeuantha, 1927e: 280 [1928a: 366]
lophosioides, Lophosiocyptera, 1927h: 59
lophyri, Phorocera, 1892w: 289
lucana, Volucella, 1895c: 44
lucasana, Volucella, 1895e: 615
lucens, Drepanoglossa, 1891m: 378
luggeri, Metopia, 1892d: 69
lutea, Actinactia, 1927a: 283
lutea, Crocuta, 1919b: 584
lutea, Trypetidomima, 1935b: 68
luteicornis, Sisyropododexia, 1927e: 282 [1928a: 368]
lutescens, Leptidosophia, 1931d: 336
lutzi, Muscinothelaira, 1916m: 310
lutzi, Tropidodexia, 1915d: 67
luzonensis, Asbellopsis, 1928a: 379
luzonensis, Brachymeropsis, 1928a: 396
macarensis, Anazygosturmia, 1928e: 162
macquartii, Pachymyia, 1916e: 11
macrocera, Melanactia, 1927a: 326
maculipennis, Eristalis, 1897g: 93 [as latifrons var.]
madera, Ennyomma, 1915m: 110 [as robusta ssp.]
madrensis, Euloewia, 1915m: 109
maerens, Melanophyto, 1916m: 304
magellana, Mesembriophyto, 1916m: 301
magellanica, Austrohartigia, 1937c: 116
magnicornis, Hypostena, 1915r: 99 [unavailable name;
name proposed in synonymy and not made available
before 1961.]
magnicornis, Lachnomma, 1892n: 104
major, Almugmyia, 1911b: 154
major, Geneopsis, 1927a: 311
makilingensis, Doleschalla, 1928a: 381
makilingensis, Zambesa, 1928a: 387
malacosomae, Ypophaemyia, 1916k: 75
malaya, Minthocyptera, 1926d: 32
malayana, Calirrhoe, 1926d: 25
malayana, Craticulina, 1926d: 14
malayana, Euhyperecteina, 1926d: 34
malayana, Mollia, 1926d: 20
malayensis, Strongyloneuropsis, 1928a: 376
marginalis, Myiodoriops, 1935c: 227
maris, Actinoprosopa, 1929: 374
maritimus, Tabanus, 1898b: 167
marmorata, Macrohoughia, 1927a: 325
marmorata, Peleteria, 1915a: 185 [as robusta ssp.]
marmorata, Pseudoarchytas, 1915a: 186
mattoensis, Miamimyiops, 1939e: 452
mattoensis, Monoestrogaster, 1939e: 450
matutina, Topomeigenia, 1919b: 576
maura, Moreiria, 1932b: 107
mayensis, Diaphoropeza, 1929: 369
media, Trinitodoria, 1935c: 233
medinoides, Gymnamedoria, 1927d: 283
medinops, Microchaetonops, 1934f: 392
melania, Micromintho, 1919b: 555
melanica, Echinopyrrhosia, 1914f: 92
melanica, Goniocnephalia, 1915u: 222
melanoptera, Makilingimyia, 1928a: 383
melanopyga, Mintholeskia, 1934f: 395
mellicornis, Paraphasiopsis, 1917c: 232
mellifex, Rhaphiomidas, 1895e: 604
mellifrons, Metatachina, 1919b: 588
mellisquama, Matucania, 1919b: 568
mendesi, Phoranthella, 1938d: 348
mendesi, Zygofrontina, 1940b: 893
meridiana, Metopia, 1912f: 361
meridionalis, Dexodes, 1912f: 316
meridionalis, Eumyothyria, 1912f: 305
meridionalis, Graphomyia, 1892y: 32
meridionalis, Mesochaeta, 1929: 376
meridionalis, Nausigaster, 1897b: 20
meridionalis, Phasmophaga, 1909b: 244
meridionalis, Plagiops, 1912f: 304
meridionalis, Siphopsalida, 1915n: 439
meridionalis, Zygosturmia, 1917c: 231 [as protoparcis ssp.]
mesensis, Ennyomma, 1915m: 110 [as clistoides ssp.]
metallica, Lydinolydella, 1927a: 325
metallica, Phasioclista, 1891m: 370
metallica, Phormia, 1919c: 379
metallica, Phosocephala, 1908a: 72
metallica, Sisasarcophaga, 1928b: 144
mexicana, Lipoptena, 1897i: 289 [as depressa var.]
mexicana, Oestrogastropsis, 1915n: 425
mexicana, Rhinophora, 1892q: 168
miamensis, Camptopsis, 1918a: 163
michiganensis, Megaprosopus, 1892n: 111
microphthalmoides, Morphodexia, 1931d: 343
mima, Cypselopteryx, 1926d: 17
mima, Mesembrinellopsis, 1927a: 328
mima, Nephochaetona, 1919a: 174
mima, Opsophasiopteryx, 1917c: 223
mima, Polistiopsis, 1915f: 44
mima, Pronemorilla, 1935c: 230
mima, Tipuloleskia, 1931d: 332
mima, Zosteromeigenia, 1919b: 579
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minense, Metagonistylum, 1927a: 381
minor, Euphorocera, 1911b: 153
minor, Euphorocera, 1912f: 303
minor, Phrynotachina, 1927a: 347
minthoidea, Iconofrontina, 1931d: 331
minuscula, Melanorophasia, 1934c: 205
minuta, Microphytomyptera, 1927d: 287
minuta, Microsciasma, 1915u: 234
minuta, Stylogaster, 1897b: 27
mirabile, Ophirion, 1911a: 134, 146
mirabilis, Acronarista, 1908a: 86
mirabilis, Dolichopalpellus, 1927a: 302
mirabilis, Girschneria, 1919a: 181
mirabilis, Ichneumonops, 1908a: 84
mirabilis, Metopiops, 1912f: 339
mirabilis, Xenopyxis, 1940b: 890
miscella, Minthotachina, 1935c: 227
mixta, Myersimyia, 1935c: 221
mixta, Myiosturmia, 1927a: 331
monohammi, Eutheresia, 1912c: 117
montagna, Blepharipeza, 1912f: 351
montana, Eucelatoria, 1929: 371
montana, Fabriciodes, 1916f: 26
montana, Malayodinera, 1926d: 27
montana, Minthozelia, 1919b: 557
montana, Phasiopteryx, 1912c: 114
montanus, Chaetosisyrops, 1912f: 321
monticola, Gaediopsis, 1898c: 269
morinioides, Megaeuloewia, 1919b: 546
morrilli, Lucilia, 1908a: 120
morrisoni, Parametopia, 1916b: 619
morrisoni, Phoranthella, 1915b: 23
moyobambensis, Platyrrhinodexia, 1929: 366
mucronata, Ollachactia, 1927a: 339
munita, Malayocyptera, 1926d: 31
myersi, Amazonella, 1936c: 228
myersi, Metagonistylum, 1939c: 343
myersi, Mononotochaeta, 1935b: 73
nana, Lydellohoughia, 1927a: 324
nana, Neocraspedothrix, 1927a: 333 [incorrect original
spelling of nova]
nana, Neoxynops, 1934f: 403
nana, Odontocyptera, 1915u: 233
nasuta, Neosolieria, 1927a: 336
nautlana, Comatacta, 1908a: 101
nautlana, Volucella, 1897f: 28
nebulosa, Euscopoliopteryx, 1917c: 224
nebulosa, Strongyloneura, 1917h: 197
neglecta, Echinomyia, 1897c: 148
neglecta, Neopyrellia, 1939e: 447
neomexicana, Ennyomma, 1915m: 110, 112
neomexicana, Leucostoma, 1892q: 169
neomexicana, Pseudatractocera, 1892n: 108
neomexicanus, Siphophyto, 1892n: 128
neotropica, Neophyllophila, 1927a: 334
neotropica, Neosarromyia, 1927a: 335
neowinthemioides, Pseudokea, 1928a: 394
nepalana, Strongyloneura, 1917h: 197
nepos, Neocuphocera, 1927a: 333
nidicola, Zygobothria, 1908a: 99
nigra, Agicuphocera, 1915n: 430
nigra, Eublepharipeza, 1914e: 47
nigra, Eudejeania, 1912f: 335
nigra, Euhystricia, 1914f: 84
nigra, Eutrichopoda, 1908a: 134
nigra, Hemiargyra, 1908a: 90
nigra, Sophia, 1931d: 338
nigricornis, Epalpus, 1914i: 135
nigricornis, Phyto, 1892q: 170
nigrifrons, Loewia, 1892g: 77
nigripalpis, Chaetoglossa, 1892n: 126
nigripalpis, Exorista, 1896: 330
nigripalpis, Lucilia, 1908a: 120
nigripes, Brachymasicera, 1928e: 159
nigrisquamis, Blepharipeza, 1892e: 80
nigrisquamis, Melanodoria, 1927a: 327
nigrita, Masicera, 1891m: 358
nigriventris, Tapajomintho, 1934f: 394
nigrum, Eusignosoma, 1914h: 125
nitens, Microplagia, 1915n: 437
nitens, Prophaenopsis, 1927a: 351
nitens, Trichophoropsis, 1914e: 44
nitida, Dimasicera, 1915d: 64
nitidifrons, Eristaliomyia, 1926d: 38
nitidus, Rhachoepalpus, 1914i: 144
niveus, Epalpus, 1914i: 136
niveus, Eulasiopalpus, 1914m: 175
notata, Eusaundersiops, 1915j: 76
nova, Neocraspedothrix, 1927a: 257
nubilis, Pseudeuantha, 1929: 367
nuda, Eumacrohoughia, 1927a: 309
nuda, Oedemasoma, 1908a: 80
nyomala, Cordyligaster, 1914f: 93
obesa, Opsotheresia, 1919b: 552
obesa, Parajurinia, 1928b: 153
oblata, Opsidiopsis, 1919b: 544
obscura, Hystriciopsis, 1914f: 86
obscura, Opelousia, 1919b: 547
obscurus, Eulasiopalpus, 1914m: 174
obsoleta, Pseudogonia, 1892d: 66
occidentale, Aphria, 1908a: 68
occidentale, Gymnoclytia, 1908a: 128
occidentale, Simulium, 1891f: 107
occidentalis, Pipiza, 1897c: 140
ocellaris, Epixorista, 1927h: 62
ocellaris, Itacuphocera, 1927a: 320
ocellaris, Orophorocera, 1927a: 342
ocellaris, Protogonia, 1912f: 348
ocellaris, Sapromyza, 1892t: 303
ochracea, Eublepharipeza, 1929: 381
ochracea, Eurythiopsis, 1914d: 31
ochracea, Tuberculocera, 1927a: 363
ochraceus, Argentoepalpus, 1929: 381
ochraceus, Ochroepalpus, 1927a: 337
ochreicornis, Euloewia, 1916d: 15
ochreicornis, Oreophyto, 1916m: 302
ochrescens, Ocypteryx, 1931d: 327
octomaculata, Pseudeuantha, 1919b: 560
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oculata, Lucilia, 1908a: 123
oculata, Xylocamptomima, 1927a: 366
ocypterata, Aphria, 1891m: 361
oedipodinis, Sarcophaga, 1893e: 468
oestroideus, Oligooestrus, 1932d: 4
officialis, Epaulophasia, 1934c: 207
olindoides, Anametopochaeta, 1919b: 571
olivaceus, Rhachoepalpus, 1908a: 114
olivaurea, Jurinia, 1914k: 159
ollachea, Dejeaniops, 1913m: 105
opaca, Hypertrophomma, 1915r: 100
opalescens, Volucella, 1901: 160
opalina, Volucella, 1897f: 29
optica, Anaperistommyia, 1926d: 16
optima, Opsocyptera, 1927e: 285 [1928a: 371]
oralis, Neopodomyia, 1927a: 334
oralis, Xanthoerigone, 1927h: 72
orbitalis, Amicrotrichomma, 1927a: 285
orbitalis, Apacheprospherysa, 1926a: 28
orbitalis, Camptophryno, 1927a: 294
orbitalis, Chrysosturmia, 1916d: 20
orbitalis, Clythoxynops, 1927a: 299
orbitalis, Epidexiopsis, 1916m: 308
orbitalis, Hypodoria, 1927a: 317
orbitalis, Microgymnomma, 1916d: 18
orbitalis, Sumatrosturmia, 1927h: 70
orbitalis, Thelyoxynops, 1927a: 360
orbitalis, Trichinochaeta, 1917c: 224
orbitalis, Verrugomyia, 1927a: 364
orchidearum, Lonchaea, 1895d: 80
oregonensis, Myiophasia, 1915m: 111 [as setigera ssp.]
orellana, Calocarcelia, 1929: 376
organensis, Poliophrys, 1908a: 93
orgyiae, Tachina, 1892w: 284
orgyiarum, Tachina, 1908a: 107
orientale, Dolichocolon, 1927h: 73
orientalis, Aphantorhaphopsis, 1926d: 35
orientalis, Cordillerodexia, 1927a: 300
orientalis, Eocyptera, 1927d: 284
orientalis, Eogymnophthalma, 1926d: 35
orientalis, Eoparachaeta: 1927h: 70
orientalis, Euhypochaetopsis, 1928a: 394
orientalis, Hemipyrellia, 1927h: 56
orientalis, Larvaevoropsis, 1916f: 25
orientalis, Metavoria, 1915r: 101
orientalis, Orilliopsis, 1928a: 396
orientalis, Plagiotachina, 1929: 373
ormioides, Ochromeigenia, 1919b: 578
ornata, Amobiopsis, 1917c: 221
ornata, Chrysoerigone, 1927a: 298
ornata, Itamobia, 1927a: 321
ornata, Orobrachycoma, 1927a: 341
ornata, Orodexia, 1927a: 341
ornata, Oromasiphya, 1927a: 342
ornata, Orosarcophaga, 1927a: 342
ornata, Ossidingia, 1919a: 179
ornata, Philippolophosia, 1928a: 384
ornatipes, Calotarsa, 1894a: 52
ornatus, Eristalis, 1897b: 21
oroya, Sorochemyia, 1915g: 45
oroyensis, Punamyocera, 1919b: 549
oroyensis, Vibrissomyia, 1914m: 175 [as lineata ssp.]
ortalidoptera, Shannonomyiella, 1939b: 253
oryzae, Metoposisyrops, 1916m: 321
ovata, Formicomyia, 1916d: 18
oviventris, Atrichiopoda, 1931d: 323
pachytyli, Afrowohlfahrtia, 1919a: 159
pacifica, Salmacia, 1912f: 346
pacta, Pachygraphiops, 1934c: 204
pallasii, Cistogaster, 1891c: 142
pallida, Phasioormia, 1933a: 448
pallidiventris, Nephochaetopteryx, 1934c: 203
palmarum, Prolypha, 1934c: 210
palpalis, Carceliodoria, 1928b: 150
palpalis, Myioxynops, 1927a: 331
palpalis, Okeopsis, 1927a: 338
palpalis, Paralispe, 1929: 376
palpalis, Plectopsis, 1927a: 349
panamensis, Panacemyia, 1919a: 164
panamensis, Parathelaira, 1919b: 558
panamensis, Pelecotheca, 1919a: 169
papua, Macrosophia, 1933a: 460
paradexoides, Pseudoeribea, 1926a: 27
paradoxa, Palpostomotrixa, 1927d: 277
paradoxa, Pirionimyia, 1931d: 344
paradoxica, Parodomyia, 1917c: 226
paraensis, Caenisomopsis, 1934f: 398
paraguayana, Chaetoxynops, 1928b: 150
paraguayensis, Proparachaeta, 1928b: 152
paraguayensis, Prospherysodoria, 1928b: 149
paraguayensis, Prowinthemia, 1928b: 151
parancilla, Frontiniella, 1918c: 21
parkeri, Parthenoleskia, 1941b: 340
parva, Euhemiargyra, 1927a: 307
parva, Lixophaga, 1908a: 86
parva, Madremyia, 1916m: 306
parva, Pararrhinactia, 1935c: 232
parva, Parkerella, 1942a: 149
parvipes, Hypertrophocera, 1891m: 361
patella, Otomasicera, 1912c: 113
patelloides, Yahuarphryno, 1927a: 368
paulensis, Euempheremyia, 1927a: 307
paulensis, Huascarayopsis, 1927a: 317
paulensis, Microgymnomma, 1929: 380
paulensis, Pelecotheca, 1929: 369
paulensis, Proepalpus, 1927a: 350
paulista, Gymnoclytia, 1929: 370
paulista, Mesochaeta, 1929: 376
paulista, Thysanomyia, 1929: 379
paytensis, Calliphora, 1892y: 36
pecosensis, Plagiophryxe, 1926a: 33
pendula, Periopticochaeta, 1927a: 345
pennipes, Syringosoma, 1917c: 233
perarida, Phasmofrontina, 1931e: 473
percinerea, Aglummyia, 1912f: 355
pernambucensis, Paratheresia, 1939f: 548
perorbitalis, Palpolinnaemyia, 1927a: 344
perplexa, Parafabricia, 1931d: 354
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perplexa, Pseudomyothyria, 1911a: 135
pertyi, Mesembrinormia, 1931d: 322
peruana, Argyrochaetona, 1928e: 161
peruana, Atrophopoda, 1928e: 159
peruana, Diaphoropeza, 1911a: 147
peruana, Sarcophagula, 1911a: 139
peruana, Sarcophagula, 1912f: 358
peruana, Stenosturmia, 1929: 378
peruana, Thysanomyia, 1929: 379
peruanus, Xanthomelanodes, 1911a: 128
peruviana, Acaulona, 1913d: 93
peruviana, Anastrepha, 1913f: 345
peruviana, Chrysotachina, 1919b: 590
peruviana, Eunemorilla, 1919a: 177
peruviana, Euphorocera, 1911b: 153
peruviana, Euphorocera, 1912f: 303
peruviana, Leucostoma, 1928e: 159
peruviana, Okea, 1928e: 162
peruviana, Olenochaeta, 1928e: 162
peruviana, Paradidyma, 1928e: 159
peruviana, Paraphorantha, 1936b: 489
peruviana, Peracroglossa, 1931e: 469
peruviana, Plagiotachina, 1927a: 348
peruviana, Prophrynopsis, 1927a: 353
peruviana, Pygophorinia, 1927a: 355
peruviana, Salmacia, 1912f: 346
peruviana, Schizotachina, 1929: 374
peruvianus, Prospanipalpus, 1931e: 449
peruviensis, Euselenomyia, 1912f: 364
petiolata, Euanthoides, 1931d: 337
petiolata, Euthyprosopa, 1892n: 107
petiolata, Hypenomyia, 1919b: 545
petiolata, Malayomedina, 1926d: 20
petiolata, Oestroplagia, 1919b: 567
petiolata, Pachynocera, 1919b: 585
petiolata, Phrynactia, 1926d: 34
petiolata, Plagimasicera, 1915n: 411
petiolata, Prodexilla, 1933a: 462
petiolata, Prolophosia, 1933a: 450
petiolata, Promegaparia, 1931d: 340
petiolata, Pyrrhoernestia, 1931e: 450
petiolata, Vespocyptera, 1927d: 279
petiolata, Vibrissovoria, 1919b: 567
phasiana, Trichopoda, 1897i: 282
philippina, Prophorichaeta, 1928a: 390
philippinensis, Rhodogyne, 1928a: 388
phoeda, Phoriniophylax, 1927h: 63
phoroceroides, Palpexorista, 1926a: 29
piceifrons, Echinomyodes, 1916d: 25
pickeli, Taperamyia, 1935c: 223
picticornis, Chaetoglossa, 1892n: 126
pictipennis, Penthosiosoma, 1926b: 540
pictipennis, Procyanopsis, 1934c: 210
pictipennis, Thelairomima, 1935c: 222
piligera, Proroglutea, 1919b: 574
pilosa, Nemosturmia, 1926a: 35
pilosa, Polleniopsis, 1917h: 202
pinguioides, Promasipoda, 1934f: 399
piperi, Argyrophylax, 1908a: 98
pirioni, Dolichocyptera, 1931d: 326
piurana, Belvosia, 1911a: 143 [1912f: 349]
plagioides, Goniochaeta, 1891m: 352
planifrons, Leptomacquartia, 1919b: 569
platysamiae, Exorista, 1892w: 288
plumbea, Zygozenillia, 1927a: 369
plumosa, Proparathelaira, 1928a: 378
plumosula, Chaquimayoia, 1927a: 297
polidoides, Tryphera, 1892g: 79
polita, Brachymasicera, 1911a: 143
polita, Epigrimyia, 1891m: 376
polita, Gabanimyia, 1914e: 45
polita, Gymnoprosopa, 1892n: 109
polita, Neometachaeta, 1915n: 416
polita, Ocypteromima, 1916c: 175
polita, Phrynolydella, 1919b: 572
polita, Prometopiops, 1927a: 351
polita, Prophasiopsis, 1927a: 351
polita, Pseudochaetona, 1919b: 563
polita, Rupununia, 1935b: 74
politana, Blepharipa, 1911a: 132
politana, Paraphorantha, 1938d: 347
pollinosa, Siphosturmia, 1912f: 321
pollinosa, Trichometallea, 1917h: 194
pollinosus, Cnephalodes, 1911a: 145
popoffana, Calliphora, 1908a: 117
prima, Cylindromasicera, 1915d: 62
proboscidea, Pyrrhotachina, 1931e: 448
profana, Prosturmia, 1927h: 69
proletaria, Prophorinia, 1927a: 352
prolixa, Procleonice, 1935c: 223
promiscua, Phorocera, 1891d: 84
prospheryx, Hypophylax, 1935c: 223
protoparcis, Masicera, 1892b: 70
proximus, Proxynops, 1927a: 353
psychidis, Neophryxe, 1916m: 318
ptilodexioides, Neomyostoma, 1935c: 218
pubescens, Borbororhinia, 1917h: 188
pulchra, Huascarodexia, 1919a: 176
pulchra, Ophirodexia, 1911a: 134, 147
pulchra, Palpocyptera, 1927e: 284 [1928a: 370]
pulchra, Parazelia, 1919b: 556
pulchra, Prophorostoma, 1927a: 352
pulchra, Prosopofrontina, 1926d: 34
pullula, Pseudodidyma, 1915k: 288
puna, Dolichocnephalia, 1915i: 66
puna, Trichophoropsis, 1914e: 43
punctata, Jaenimyia, 1912f: 351
punctata, Paranetia, 1927a: 344
punctata, Phasiocyptera, 1927a: 346
punctatella, Psychoda, 1897b: 19
punctiger, Petrargyrops, 1927a: 346
punctigera, Hyalomyia, 1891c: 135
punctigerum, Oxyophirion, 1927a: 343
punctilucis, Hemiargyrophylax, 1927a: 314
punctulata, Platyrrhinodexia, 1927a: 349
punensis, Acemyiopsis, 1915n: 433
punensis, Eudejeania, 1913m: 105
punensis, Eutrichophora, 1915a: 184
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punensis, Saundersiops, 1914i: 142 [as simillima ssp.]
puntarenensis, Erigonopsis, 1928e: 163
purpurascens, Hyalomya, 1891c: 137
purpurea, Chlorohystricia, 1927a: 297
purpurea, Euidiella, 1917h: 193
purpurea, Lucilia, 1908a: 122
purpurescens, Argyrophylax, 1929: 375
pygmaea, Sisyphomyia, 1927a: 357
quadraticephala, Leucoravinia, 1928b: 143
quatuornotatus, Rhachoepalpodes, 1935c: 220
quinteri, Torynotachina, 1915r: 102
radicis, Andrina, 1916a: 19
rafaela, Jicaltepecia, 1917d: 49
rafaelana, Volucella, 1897f: 28
rafaeli, Chaetonodexodes, 1916m: 322
rafaeli, Minthoplagia, 1915q: 92
rafaeli, Siphosturmiopsis, 1915q: 91
ramata, Mayoschizocera, 1927a: 381
reclinata, Binghamimyia, 1919a: 175
reclinata, Conactia, 1927a: 299
reclinata, Homohypochaeta, 1927a: 316
reclinata, Hypohoughia, 1927a: 318
retrorsa, Rhamphopteryx, 1931e: 457
rhois, Eucyrtophloeba, 1916m: 317
ricinorum, Gymnocarcelia, 1919b: 582
rimacensis, Epalpodes, 1915a: 184 [as equatorialis ssp.]
rimacensis, Parepalpodes, 1915n: 429
robertsonii, Euryceromyia, 1892n: 116
robertsonii, Hyalomyia, 1891c: 136
robertsonii, Siphoclytia, 1892n: 117
robinsoni, Upodemocera, 1915u: 229
robusta, Hyalomyodes, 1908a: 125
robusta, Itasaundersia, 1927a: 321
robusta, Phyllolabella, 1919a: 168
robusta, Tachinomyia, 1892n: 96
rohweri, Polideosoma, 1915u: 227
rondanii, Elachipalpus, 1916e: 10
rondanii, Erynniopsis, 1926a: 30
roraima, Roraimomusca, 1935b: 70
ruber, Eumelanepalpus, 1915j: 74
rubescens, Sturmiodexia, 1919b: 550
rubra, Gymnoerycia, 1916m: 313
rubrifrons, Calliphora, 1908a: 116
rubrum, Euquadratosoma, 1915j: 75
rufa, Neogymnomma, 1915j: 70
rufescens, Anemorilla, 1915n: 432
rufescens, Blepharipeza, 1892n: 90
ruficauda, Pseudogonia, 1892g: 66
ruficornis, Loewia, 1892g: 77
rufipes, Andinoravinia, 1917i: 196
rufiventris, Archytoepalpus, 1927a: 288
rufiventris, Hypoproxynops, 1927a: 319
rufiventris, Paratheresia, 1929: 367
rufiventris, Prodexodes, 1927a: 350
rufiventris, Rafaelia, 1917d: 45
rufiventris, Sarcoprosena, 1929: 367
rufopilosa, Trichoberia, 1933a: 440
rufum, Quadratosoma, 1914j: 154
rufus, Corpulentoepalpus, 1927a: 300
rutherfordi, Zosteropsis, 1916m: 310
rutilioides, Prohypotachina, 1933a: 465
sagax, Gonia, 1892d: 65
saltans, Acucula, 1913k: 265
samarensis, Zambesoides, 1927e: 286 [1928a: 371]
sarcophagina, Laccoprosopa, 1891m: 366
sarcophagina, Xylocampta, 1927a: 366
sarcophagoides, Sarcomacronychia, 1892q: 165
sauteri, Chaetanicia, 1933a: 446
sauteri, Metopomintho, 1927d: 284
schizurae, Masicera, 1891k: 187
scudderi, Bogeria, 1917e: 27
scudderi, Lithexorista, 1921a: 133
scutellaris, Pseudominthodes, 1933a: 455
scutellaris, Thysanosturmia, 1927a: 360
scutellatus, Lophosiodes, 1927d: 285
senilis, Phyto, 1892g: 81
septentrionalis, Cordyligaster, 1909b: 250
sequens, Vanderwulpia, 1892q: 172
sericea, Sericodoria, 1928b: 150
serratus, Oxynops, 1912c: 110
setifera, Exoristopsis, 1915n: 427
setigera, Myiophasia, 1908a: 56
setipennis, Gymnopalpus, 1919a: 172
setosa, Euloewiopsis, 1917c: 222
setosa, Hesperophasia, 1915u: 221
setosa, Metalliopsis, 1917h: 198
setosa, Paratactopsis, 1917c: 230
setosa, Punaclista, 1915n: 407
setosa, Xenoplagia, 1914a: 14
shannoni, Eumicrophthalma, 1915r: 98
shannoni, Neolophosia, 1939b: 254
siamensis, Urodexia, 1919b: 563
sibuyana, Medinacemyia, 1928a: 377
sierricola, Ennyomma, 1915m: 111 [as clistoides ssp.]
sierricola, Poliophrys, 1908a: 93 [1908c: 381]
sierricola, Visayalydina, 1926a: 32
signata, Apinocyptera, 1915q: 94
signifera, Paratheresia, 1915d: 66
simile, Eucorpulentosoma, 1914f: 88
similis, Idielliopsis, 1917h: 190
similis, Macrohoughiopsis, 1927a: 325
similis, Miltogramma, 1891m: 357
similis, Myobiopsis, 1916b: 628
similis, Oestrogastrodes, 1915n: 425
similis, Orthaporia, 1919a: 167
similis, Palpotachina, 1915u: 230
similis, Parepalpus, 1914i: 134
similis, Patelloapsis, 1927a: 345
similis, Platyphasia, 1935c: 216
similis, Pseudoxanthozonella, 1931e: 437
similis, Siphoplagiopsis, 1917a: 124
similis, Sisyrohoughia, 1927a: 357
similis, Valpogonia, 1928e: 163
similis, Xanthochaetona, 1934f: 393
simillima, Aphrimyobia, 1926d: 37
simillima, Saundersiops, 1914i: 141
sinensis, Pollenomyia, 1931c: 373
singgalangia, Carcelia, 1927h: 65
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singularis, Atrophopoda, 1891m: 374
sinuata, Steveniopsis, 1919b: 547
slossonae, Euphorocera, 1908a: 108
slossonae, Psalidopteryx, 1916f: 22
smithii, Chrysometopiops, 1916d: 19
smithii, Electrotachina, 1938e: 166
smithii, Paleotachina, 1921a: 134
snyderi, Congochrysosoma, 1916c: 174
sodomis, Volucella, 1895e: 616
sordicolor, Masicera, 1891m: 359
spatulata, Stenaulacodoria, 1928e: 162
spermophilae, Mydaea, 1895d: 79
sphingivora, Masicera, 1892w: 286
spinigera, Spathimeigenia, 1915b: 19
spinosa, Euceromasia, 1912c: 112
spinosa, Harrisiopsis, 1927a: 313
spinosa, Saundersiopmima, 1927a: 356
spinosula, Tachina, 1891m: 353
spinosus, Signoepalpus, 1931e: 446
splendens, Hypopygiopsis, 1916m: 300
splendens, Volucella, 1897f: 29 [as opalina var.]
splendida, Chlorobrachycoma, 1918d: 155
splendida, Philippoformosia, 1927e: 282 [1928a: 368]
splendida, Stomatotachina, 1931e: 464
squamata, Squamomedina, 1934f: 392
stagmomantidis, Mantidophaga, 1919a: 160
sternodontis, Sarcodexia, 1892m: 106
striatalis, Diatraeophaga, 1916m: 320
stricta, Stenosturmia, 1927a: 358
sturmioides, Eoparachaeta, 1927h: 71
sturmioides, Sturmiomima, 1934f: 404
stylata, Stylurodoria, 1933a: 476
stylosa, Stylogaster, 1897b: 24
subalipes, Trichopoda, 1897b: 30
subalpina, Eudejeania, 1912f: 334
subalpina, Oestrohystricia, 1912f: 333
subalpinus, Lasiopalpus, 1912f: 335
subanajama, Prosturmia, 1927h: 69
subcilipes, Trichopoda, 1894b: 78
subcylindrica, Stenopygopsis, 1935b: 74
subdivisa, Polistomyia, 1908a: 133
subpolita, Brachymasicera, 1912f: 341
suisterci, Cleigastra, 1891g: 153
sumatrana, Carcelia, 1927h: 65
sumatrana, Pseudokea, 1927h: 69
sumatrana, Senexorista, 1927h: 63
sumatrana, Sisyropa, 1927h: 66
sumatrana, Thelaira, 1927h: 58
sumatrense, Eodexiosoma, 1926d: 15
sumatrensis, Acuphocera, 1926d: 37
sumatrensis, Biomyopsis, 1927h: 60
sumatrensis, Brachymeropsis, 1926d: 36
sumatrensis, Calotheresia, 1926d: 29
sumatrensis, Carceliopsis, 1927h: 66
sumatrensis, Compsilura, 1926d: 33
sumatrensis, Eomyoceropsis, 1926d: 29
sumatrensis, Frontiniellopsis, 1927h: 61
sumatrensis, Philippodexia, 1926d: 30
sumatrensis, Philippolophosia, 1927e: 59
sumatrensis, Servilliodes, 1926d: 37
sumatrensis, Stenodexiopsis, 1926d: 18
sumatrensis, Sumpigaster, 1926d: 24
sumichrasti, Euacaulona, 1908a: 131
summaria, Sumatrodoria, 1927h: 64
sungayana, Promintho, 1926d: 24
superba, Chrysosarcophaga, 1933a: 442
synthetica, Protodexia, 1912c: 117
tachinomoides, Euphorocera, 1892n: 112
tamaulipana, Volucella, 1898a: 51
tamaulipense, Simulium, 1897j: 171
tanumeana, Macropatelloa, 1931e: 472
tarsalis, Chaetophlepsis, 1915n: 423
tarsalis, Opsosturmia, 1927a: 340
taurea, Tapajoleskia, 1934f: 397
teffeensis, Eucelatoriopsis, 1927a: 306
teffeensis, Xylocamptopsis, 1927a: 367
tegulata, Huascaraya, 1914f: 82
tegulata, Peleteriopsis, 1916b: 630
tegulata, Trichopoda, 1897b: 29
tegulata, Xanthopteromyia, 1926d: 25
tehuantepeca, Acaulona, 1908a: 130
tenthredinidarum, Masicera, 1892w: 285
tenthredinivora, Tachina, 1892w: 285
tenuis, Tylodexia, 1926d: 28
tepicana, Pangonia, 1912e: 289
tersa, Telothyriosoma, 1919b: 565
tessmanni, Tipulidomima, 1933a: 458
testacea, Dexopollenia, 1917h: 201
testacea, Ocrisia, 1935f: 159
texana, Gymnopsoa, 1919a: 161
texensis, Calliphora, 1908a: 116
texensis, Dejeaniopalpus, 1916m: 312
texensis, Lipochaeta, 1898b: 168
thelairodops, Parodomyiops, 1935c: 221
thompsoni, Oxexorista, 1915b: 21
thrix, Thelairochaetona, 1919b: 559
thrix, Thelairodoria, 1927a: 360
thrix, Thelycarcelia, 1933a: 475
tinensis, Tinalydella, 1927a: 361
tjibodana, Carcelia, 1927h: 65
toltec, Volucella, 1895c: 45 [incorrect original spelling of
tolteca]
tolteca, Volucella, 1895c: 390 (index); unpaged errata slip
[correction of toltec]
torrens, Tersesthes, 1892z: 371
transcendens, Trochilochaeta, 1940b: 892
transita, Dexosarcophaga, 1917c: 221
transita, Tachinophasia, 1931d: 324
transita, Thelairophasia, 1919a: 173
transita, Thyrsocnema, 1931c: 378
transita, Trichophasia, 1939e: 448
transitionalis, Punamyia, 1915n: 428
triangulifera, Sarcoprosena, 1927a: 356
trichops, Trinitodexia, 1935c: 222
tridens, Punaphyto, 1915n: 410
tridens, Triodontopyga, 1927a: 362
trinidadensis, Siphocrocuta, 1935c: 229
trinitas, Trichschizotachina, 1935c: 228
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trivittata, Catasarcophaga, 1927a: 295
trivittata, Sarcomacronychia, 1912f: 363
trixina, Tephramobia, 1926d: 15
trixoides, Eutheresiops, 1917d: 49
tropica, Phantasiosiphona, 1915q: 93
tropica, Tapajohoughia, 1934f: 405
tropica, Trichotopteryx, 1919b: 587
tropica, Trochiloglossa, 1919b: 561
tropica, Tropidopsiomorpha, 1927a: 362
tropicalis, Baccha, 1897j: 172
tropicalis, Trichopoda, 1897i: 278 [as lanipes var.]
trypoxylonis, Sarcomacronychia, 1893d: 165
turcana, Micropeza, 1893o: 136
ucayali, Chaetophlepsis, 1929: 379
unguis, Makasinocera, 1915n: 432
unica, Sarcomacronychia, 1892n: 101
unicolor, Euidiella, 1917h: 193
unicolor, Lucilia, 1908a: 121
unicus, Sphalloglandulus, 1915n: 438
unimaculata, Nausigaster, 1897f: 24
unispinosa, Ametadoria, 1927a: 285
uramyoides, Oxydexiops, 1927e: 289 [1928a: 375]
uramyoides, Urodexiomima, 1927e: 281 [1928a: 367]
ureophila, Ushpayacua, 1928b: 145
urna, Urucurymyia, 1934c: 206
urucurytuba, Tapajosia, 1934c: 205
uruhuasi, Chromoepalpus, 1914j: 159
uruhuasi, Euclausicella, 1927a: 306
uruhuasi, Exodexia, 1927a: 310
uruhuasi, Exoernestia, 1927a: 310
uruhuasi, Piximactia, 1927a: 348
uruhuasi, Raimondia, 1917d: 47
uruhuasi, Trichopyrrhosia, 1927a: 362
uruhuasi, Uruactia, 1927a: 364
uruhuasi, Xeoprosopa, 1919b: 584
ushpayacua, Xiphophasia, 1937c: 117
utilis, Tachina, 1908a: 108
vaginalis, Ochrocera, 1916f: 18
valida, Plagiprospherysa, 1892n: 113
valida, Rhinophora, 1892q: 167
vanderwulpi, Anisia, 1892e: 81
vanderwulpi, Myothyria, 1892i: 131
verrucarum, Phlebotomus, 1913n: 107
verrugana, Trichodejeania, 1914m: 172
vesiculata, Trisisyropa, 1916f: 28
vestita, Xanthozonopsis, 1916m: 314
victoria, Echinomyia, 1897c: 148
victoria, Ornithomusca, 1916j: 45
villeneuvei, Lydellina, 1933a: 469
violae, Chaetoglossa, 1892n: 126
violascens, Hyalomyia, 1897f: 32
violens, Microdon, 1895c: 34
viridana, Strongyloneura, 1917h: 197
viridana, Volucella, 1897f: 30
viridis, Chlororhinia, 1917h: 191
viridis, Chrysoexorista, 1915n: 435
viridis, Microdon, 1895e: 610
viridis, Oestropsis, 1912f: 356
viridis, Synamphoneuropsis, 1917h: 199
viridis, Trongia, 1916m: 299
vittata, Minthopsis, 1915n: 417
vix, Pterodontia, 1895e: 607
websteri, Meigenia, 1891n: 206
weedii, Hyalomyodes, 1893b: 430
wickhami, Arctophyto, 1915b: 22
wiedemanni, Lonchaea, 1895d: 80
willistoni, Ocypterosipha, 1894b: 79
willistonii, Eristalis, 1895c: 47
wulpii, Bathydexia, 1931d: 347
wulpii, Eggonia, 1927a: 271
xanthomelanoides, Xenophasia, 1934c: 207
xanthopilis, Microdon, 1895e: 611
xanthos, Rhaphiomidas, 1895e: 606
xenos, Xanthotrichius, 1934c: 209
yahuarmayana, Bolodoria, 1927a: 290
yahuarmayana, Epiphyllophila, 1927a: 304
yahuarmayensis, Didymops, 1927a: 302
yahuarphrynoides, Yahuartachina, 1927a: 368
yucatanus, Tabanus, 1897h: 198
zamon, Proctacanthus, 1895e: 600
zuercheri, Sarcocalirrhoe, 1928b: 146
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Acknowledgments
Thanks go to many individuals who helped with various aspects of the information gathering, vetting, and eventual
final version of this work. Of these, special remerciements go to James E. O’Hara (CNC, Ottawa) for his continued
support and assistance with literature, advice, helpful comments and corrections and (in addition to his rigorous
editing), who also acted as reviewer of the entire manuscript. Gerardo Lamas is thanked for his help with
Townsend’s Peruvian bibliographic references, which added many new citations to the bibliography. Kraig Adler
(Cornell University) kindly scanned high resolution photographs from Townsend’s 1903 Field & Stream article.
Virginia Scott and Caitlin Kelly (University of Colorado at Boulder) graciously arranged for copies of
correspondence from Townsend to T.D.A. Cockerell in the UC Boulder Library Archives. Steve Gaimari obtained
copies of the Brazilian American issues with Townsend’s Amazon articles. Patricio A. Camus of the Universidad
de Chile researched society archives for as accurate dating as possible for Townsend’s articles in the Revista
Chileña de Historia Natural. The late Dr. Lucius G. Eldredge kindly reviewed an early version of the biography
and his comments helped improve it. Doug Yanega and Thomas Pape gave advice on some ICZN Code
interpretations that affected availability of some genus-group names and type species.
References
For authors with multiple papers in a year, publications are listed in chronological order within each year and are
given date-letters in alphabetical order. Date-letters are associated with citations in the text. The letter “l” is not
used as a date-letter to avoid confusion with the numeral “1”. As accurate as possible dates of publication were
searched for and are listed in square brackets after the citation. If not annotated otherwise, dates of publication
derive from the publication itself. Where no date other than the year could be found, the date is listed as “31
December+” to distinguish from actual 31 December publication dates. Where no date within a month could be
found, only the month is given; the minimum date of publication should be interpreted as the last day of that month.
Issues of volumes are given when found but effort to locate them all was beyond the scope of this work. We believe
citing issue numbers within volumes is helpful for locating digital copies online that give issue numbers but not
pages. Annotations are given if dating derived from external sources.
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Brauer, F. & Bergenstamm, J.E. von (1891) Die Zweiflügler des Kaiserlichen Museums zu Wien. V. Vorarbeiten zu einer
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Monographie der Muscaria Schizometopa (exclusive Anthomyidae). Pars II. Denkschriften der Akademie der
Wissenschaften zu Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe, 58, 305–446. [17 December]
[For dating, see Evenhuis (2014).]
Brauer, F. & Bergenstamm, J.E. von (1894) Die Zweiflügler des Kaiserlichen Museums zu Wien. Vorarbeiten zu einer
Monographie der Muscaria Schizometopa (exclusive Anthomyidae). Pars IV. Denkschriften der Akademie der
Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe, 61, 537–624. [13 December]
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