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Effect of curcuminoids on oxidative stress: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
... Furthermore, it has been demonstrated to be effective in addressing female reproductive disorders, including ovarian diseases, PCOS, and endometriosis [97,98]. The antiinflammatory properties of curcumin have been substantiated through its influence on diminishing levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSx), and lipid peroxides, as well as tumor TNF-, IL-1, IL-2, IL-6 [99,100]. Curcumin has exhibited efficacy in reducing insulin resistance, lowering fasting blood glucose levels, and enhancing the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index [101,102]. ...
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) represents one of the most common endocrine disorders affecting women of reproductive age, serving as a major contributor to infertility on a global scale, with an estimated prevalence varying from 6 to 20% worldwide. PCOS is a complex syndrome defined by hyperandrogenism, irregular ovulation, and the presence of polycystic ovarian morphology. This syndrome is often associated with metabolic complications, including obesity, dyslipidemia, and an elevated risk of insulin resistance and developing type 2 diabetes. Symptoms include menstrual irregularities, weight gain, hirsutism, acne, and infertility. The presently available conventional treatment options for PCOS include hormonal contraceptives, insulin sensitizers, anti-androgens, and ovulation-inducing agents. While these treatments may offer symptomatic relief, they often entail potential side effects and do not adequately address the underlying cause of this syndrome. Herbal remedies have been used for centuries across cultures to manage various disorders due to their cost efficiency, availability, and safe nature. Several studies have demonstrated the efficiency of herbal remedies in the treatment of female reproductive disorders, including PCOS. This review comprises an extensive survey of the latest animal and clinical studies concerning plants and phytochemicals that have demonstrated effectiveness in alleviating symptoms associated with PCOS, as well as treating the underlying mechanisms involved in their efficacy.
... levels. It is important to note that all studies included in the meta-analysis used a specific formulation to address bioavailability concerns, and four of the six used piperine [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35]. Thus many different mechanisms contribute to the action of curcumin on reactive oxygen species. ...
... The use of curcumin as an antioxidant in this study had a beneficial influence on the development of follicles after exposure to carbon black. A study conducted by Sahebkar et al. (2015) showed that curcumin compounds provided significant reductions in oxidative stress markers, including superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and lipid peroxide. In addition, curcumin reduces the response of proteins involved in inflammatory processes, such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-12 (Anthwal et al., 2014). ...
Background
Continuous exposure to carbon black could affect the reproductive health of female animals, especially in the process of folliculogenesis. Curcumin nanoparticles are expected to maintain reproductive organ fertility through exposure to pollution containing carbon.
Aim
The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of curcumin nanoparticles on the number of preantral and antral ovarian follicles in white rats (Rattus norvegicus) exposed to carbon black.
Methods
This study used 30 female rats divided into five groups. The negative (K−) and positive (K+) control groups were given aquades + Na-CMC 0.5% orally, while the treatment group received different doses of curcumin nanoparticles, namely, in the P1 (50 mg/kgBW), P2 (100 mg/kgBW), and P3 (150 mg/kgBW) groups, via oral administration. After that, K+, P1, P2, and P3 were exposed to carbon black with a concentration of 1064 mg/m³ for 6 hours/day for 30 days. The ovarian organ would then be made histopathological preparations to examine the number of preantral and antral follicles with HE staining.
Results
The results showed a significant difference (p < 0.05). The average number of preantral follicles in the K− group (27.17 ± 6.37), K+ (10.33 ± 6.22), P1 (26.17 ± 5.98), P2 (19.17 ± 3.71), and P3 (23.50 ± 10.36) (p < 0.05) along with the average number of antral follicles in the K− group (18.50 ± 8.89), K+ (9.17 ± 2.14), P1 (17.67 ± 7.45), P2 (16.00 ± 5.30), and P3 (9.50 ± 5.09).
Conclusion
The conclusion of this study shows that curcumin nanoparticles with different doses could affect and maintain preantral and antral ovarian follicles in white rats exposed to carbon black. It was also found that the dose of the P1 group (50 mg/kgBW) had the highest effectiveness in maintaining the number of ovarian follicles. The results of this study demonstrate the therapeutic potential of curcumin nanoparticles as an affordable drug.
... Furthermore, Curcumin is recognized for its anti-inflammation and oxidative properties, making it a significant dietary supplement for controlling metabolic syndrome, marked by insulin resistance, high blood pressure, and obesity and lipid abnormalities [37]. Studies demonstrate that curcumin supplementation can enhance insulin sensitivity, lower blood pressure, and reduce lipid levels, leading to improved nutritional health and a lower risk of chronic diseases linked to metabolic syndrome [76]. ...
Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.), the plant from which curcumin is derived, is renowned for its wide range of therapeutic and agricultural benefits. Curcumin, the key bioactive compound, is highly valued for its potent anti-provocative, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties, which contribute to its effectiveness in treating various human diseases and improving plant resilience to environmental stresses. The therapeutics potential of curcumin is notable owing its abilities to combat microbes act as an oxidant and reduce inflammation. Its effectiveness in treating a range of human disease such as tumor, cardiac problems, and brain degenerative ailments stems from its ability to modulate various cellular process and signaling pathways. Despite its low bioavailability, innovations in delivery system such as nanoparticles and liposomal formulations, have enhanced its therapeutic efficacy by improving solubility and systemic absorption. In agriculture, curcumin's antimicrobial properties provide a natural alternative to chemical pesticides, offering protection against pathogens and enhancing plant resilience to specific environmental stresses such as drought, salinity, and oxidative stress. Nanotechnology applications have furthered these benefits by facilitating the efficient uptake and distribution of curcumin within plant tissues, promoting growth and stress tolerance. This review also highlights curcumin's nutritional benefits, including its impact on gut health and metabolic syndrome. Synergistic interactions with dietary nutrients can amplify its health benefits, making it a valuable dietary supplement. However, ongoing research is needed to fully understand curcumin's mechanisms of action and long-term safety. Overall, curcumin holds promise as a versatile agent in both medical and agricultural fields, supporting sustainable practices and advancing health outcomes. Future research should focus on optimizing curcumin formulations and translating preclinical findings into clinical successes. Graphical abstract Extended author information available on the last page of the article Journal of Umm Al-Qura University for Applied Sciences
... Oxidative stress results from an imbalance in the formation of reactive species, which are naturally generated in the organism's For oxidative stress, curcumin is identified as an improver of systemic markers, and it was found to be modulating the actions of GSH, SOD enzymes, and CAT that were responsible for the free radical neutralizations (Marchiani et al., 2014;Sahebkar et al., 2015). Using ferric thiocyanate, total anti-oxidant activity was assessed after several in vitro studies of anti-oxidants, including the 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylb enzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activity, the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical (DPPH) scavenging, and the superoxide anion radical scavenging using the ribofla (David et al., 2015). ...
Turmeric (Curcuma longa) is an herbaceous plant that contains a phytochemical which is bright yellow and is known as curcumin. Turmeric, a member of Zingiberaceae family, has extensive application worldwide due to its beneficial medicinal attributes and is extensively used as a medicinal plant. Most people use turmeric as a spice, and it is a chief source of polyphenol curcumin. Curcuma longa has therapeutic properties, and since the initial extraction of curcumin from this plant, it has gained prodigious consideration from scientists in the medical field. The biological properties of curcumin, also known as 1,7‐bis (4‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxyphenyl)‐1,6‐heptadiene‐3,5‐dione, or diferuloylmethane, include anti‐inflammatory, anti‐oxidant, anti‐cancer, anti‐asthmatic, anti‐arthritic, neuroprotective, anti‐diabetic, anti‐obesity, wound‐healing, hepatoprotective, skin curative, reproductive role, etc. This work has reviewed many clinical trials and their findings about these activities. The focus of this review manuscript is concentrated on the presently existing clinical and animal studies, which exposed the possible anti‐retroviral activities of curcumin and its by‐products.
... This property of piperine is being utilized in the preparation of several drugs aimed at alleviating or even curing many metabolic disorders. Curcumin has established antioxidant activity as evident from its efficacy on oxidative stress indicators such as plasma activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and also, in serum concentrations of glutathione peroxidase as well as lipid peroxides (Sahebkar et al., 2015). Three curcuminoids viz. ...
... Antioxidants can improve wound healing and have the potential to scavenge radicals when used topically (Sen et al., 2002). In this regard, curcumin has established antioxidant properties, which have been shown in the clinical setting (Panahi, Alishiri, Parvin, & Sahebkar, 2016;Panahi, Khalili, et al., 2017;Panahi, Ghanei, Hajhashemi, & Sahebkar, 2016;Sahebkar, Serban, Ursoniu, & Banach, 2015). ...
... It enhances systemic indicators of oxidative stress and raises serum antioxidant activities such as superoxide dismutase (SOD). The plasma activities of SOD, catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GSH), and lipid peroxides were among the oxidative stress parameters on which a recent meta-analysis revealed a significant effect of curcuminoids supplementation (Sahebkar et al., 2015). Curcumin scavenges reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, inhibits ROS-generating enzymes, and modifies enzymes involved in neutralizing free radicals (Lin et al., 2007;Marchiani et al., 2014;Menon and Sudheer, 2007). ...
Curcumin, a bright yellow phytochemical derived from Curcuma longa L., has been extensively studied for its health-promoting, disease-preventing, and treatment properties, and has been gaining popularity among medical researchers since its extraction. Unani and Ayurvedic medicine use it to treat a variety of conditions, including hepatic, lung, skin, and GIT disorders. It has diverse biological effects, including antimicrobial, antiproliferative, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and neuroprotective properties, make it a promising lead compound for the development of new derivatives to treat diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and Alzheimer's disease. Despite its low cost, extensive potency, and its multitargeted approach of pathways, available data on its efficacy in multiple studies is still questioning, and more studies are required for this potential gap. Clinical trials assessing its biological effects revealed significant disproportionality however this review provides a comprehensive overview of recent clinical studies of curcumin, and summarizes its efficacy, biological properties, therapeutic potential, and safety. Moreover, this review provides a more special focus on its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, and neuroprotective properties.
... This property of piperine is being utilized in the preparation of several drugs aimed at alleviating or even curing many metabolic disorders. Curcumin has established antioxidant activity as evident from its efficacy on oxidative stress indicators such as plasma activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and also, in serum concentrations of glutathione peroxidase as well as lipid peroxides (Sahebkar et al., 2015). Three curcuminoids viz. ...
Indian gooseberry juice (20% (v/v) was reconstituted with 5% ginger juice (v/v) extracted from freshly harvested rhizomes, 2% each of turmeric rhizome powder and black pepper powder (w/v), followed by raising the total soluble solids to 130Brix by adding sugar syrup. Finally, 5% acid lime juice of 2.45% of titratable citric acid was added to the entire mixture in order to impart a fruity flavour to the product. The entire mixture was homogenized at 175 Bar (2500 psi) with a speed of 235 rpm and was subsequently pasteurized at 1000C for 10 minutes. LC-MS/MS analysis detected phenolic compounds (2-galloyl glucose, 2,6-galloyl glucose), capsaicinoids, curcuminoids, gingerol and shogaol. Though cyclophosphamide significantly inhibited the relative weight of thymus from 0.193 ± 0.048 in normal mice to 0.077 ± 0.034, treatment with the herbal drink significantly increased the relative weight of thymus, showing increased T cell differentiation. Mice treated with the drink showed marginal increase in the WBC count, indicating recovery of immunity. Recovery of bone marrow cellularity in mice fed with the herbal drink was directly proportional to the concentration of the drink. Increase in a-esterase activity was also directly proportional to the concentration of herbal beverage.
... This can be attributed to its antioxidant properties, which are active in both intracellular cytoplasmic spaces and mitochondria [44]. Another study showed significant increases in serum SOD activities after curcuminoids supplementation, especially for studies ≥6 weeks [45], indicating that rats consuming tartrazine and subsequently treated with CNP experienced a significant boost in the antioxidant activities of enzymes, including SOD, GPx and CAT in their liver and kidneys [46]. CAT is an antioxidant enzyme that plays a critical role in protecting cells from oxidative stress by decomposing H 2 O 2 into water and oxygen. ...
Aim: The study was designed to develop and analyze curcumin nanoparticles. Methods: Curcumin nanoparticles were formulated and evaluated. Their efficacy in protecting against brain damage was investigated in a rat model of ischemic stroke, considering motor function, muscle strength and antioxidant enzyme activity. Results: Curcumin nanoparticles displayed a zeta potential of -55 ± 13.5 mV and an average particle size of 51.40 ± 21.70 nm. In ischemic stroke rat models, curcumin nanoparticle treatment significantly improved motor functions, and muscle strength and increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes like glutathione peroxidase, glutathione, glutathione S-transferase, superoxide dismutase and catalase, reducing oxidative stress and inflammation. Conclusion: Curcumin nanoparticles showed significant neuroprotective effects in ischemic stroke models.
... It aids in the therapy of inflammatory and degenerative eye disorders, metabolic syndrome, and pain most of which are attributable to the compound's antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties [23]. As an anti-oxidant Curcumin has been shown to ameliorate systemic indices of oxidative stress [24]. Curcumin's lipophilicity leads to its efficiency as a peroxyl radical scavenger; this trait places it in the same category as vitamin E, another powerful chain-breaking antioxidant. ...
... Variations in growing conditions, harvesting methods, and processing techniques can affect the composition and concentration of bioactive compounds. Establishing standardized protocols for cultivation, extraction, and formulation is crucial to ensure consistent quality and bioactivity of the products [73] . ...
Bioactive chemicals have been abundantly found in medicinal plants that hold immense potential for therapeutic applications. This review aims to explore the diverse range of medicinal plant bioactive substances and their pharmacological activities. The review opens by underlining the significance of medicinal plants as important sources for developing new drugs. The relevance of various extraction techniques and analytical procedures is emphasized as the methods used for the identification and extraction of bioactive components from these plants is covered in detail. The subsequent sections focus on specific categories of bioactive compounds and their associated pharmacological activities. We examine the possible uses of bioactive substances obtained from medicinal plants in the treatment of infectious disorders as well as their antibacterial characteristics. These chemicals' anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties are also examined, emphasizing their potential for treating inflammatory diseases and oxidative stress. The review also explores the anti-cancer potential of bioactive substances from therapeutic plants, illuminating their methods of action and their potential as innovative therapeutic agents. Furthermore, the neuroprotective and neuro-pharmacological effects of these compounds are discussed, emphasizing their relevance in neurological disorders. Immunomodulatory properties and cardiovascular health benefits of bioactive compounds from medicinal plants are also examined, providing insights into their potential applications in immunotherapy and cardiovascular disease management.
... curcumin, demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin in clinical trials have been found to have good tolerability, of doses up to 12,000 mg/ day (Lao et al. 2006). Curcumin has established antioxidant activity as evident from its efficacy on oxidative stress indicators such as plasma activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and also, in serum concentrations of glutathione peroxidase as well as lipid peroxides (Sahebkar et al. 2015). ...
Functional beverages originate primarily from fruits and vegetables sources, but also include those from other plants such as tea, coffee, cocoa, soybean as well as animal products like milk and dairy-based and alcoholic drinks. They have definite medical or health benefits which include prevention or delaying the progress of diseases. Indian gooseberry is a very rich source of vitamin C and phenolics, two potent antioxidant compounds. Similarly curcumin in turmeric, piperine in black pepper and gingerol in ginger have proven antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Incidence of covid-19 pandemic has raised awareness among people the importance of maintaining higher levels of immunity. A study was undertaken at Kerala Agricultural University during 2020–21 to develop an herbal functional drink from Indian gooseberry fruit juice incorporated with turmeric and black pepper powders, ginger juice extract and juice of acid lime fruits. The herbal drink formulated with these ingredients was homogenized at an operating pressure of 175 Bar with a speed of 235 SPM and was subsequently pasteurized at 100 ⁰ C for 10 minutes in glass bottles, followed by storage under refrigerated conditions at 5 ± 2 ⁰ C for 3 months. The initial ascorbic acid, total phenolics, total flavonoids, total carotenoids and total curcumin contents were 61.0 mg100g− 1, 184.0 mg100g− 1, 153.0 mg100g− 1, 119.98 mg100g− 1 and 31.0 mg100g− 1, respectively. Antioxidant activity of the herbal drink was determined by three assays, viz. ABTS, DDPH and FRAP. The initial IC 50 values of the herbal drink by ABTS, DPPH and FRAP assays were 8.64, 0.212 and 0.368 μgml− 1, respectively. Significant decline in ascorbic acid, total flavonoids, total carotenoids and curcumin content were recorded in the product during storage in contrast to the total phenolics content which showed a significant rise over the storage period. Antioxidant activity of the herbal drink determined by all the three assays also declined significantly throughout the storage period. The results indicate that the product can be promoted as a healthy drink which has to be stored at low temperature in order to retain higher levels of antioxidant compounds and antioxidant activity.
Graphical Abstract
... These free radicals lead to skin damage, inflammation and in severe cases skin cancer. Researches shows that curcumin can improvise the systemic markers of oxidative stress markers [11] and can enhance the serum activities of various antioxidants like superoxide dismutase [12][13][14]. Curcumin acts on the harmful free radicals through various mechanisms It can regulate the activity of antioxidant enzymes like glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase which actively neutralizes the free radicals [15,16]. ...
Background
Curcumin is a bright colored polyphenolic moiety which is derived from the rhizomes of Curcuma longa of family Zingiberaceae . Its simple molecular structure, high efficacy, variable therapeutic effects and multidimensional use make it ideal for various treatment regimens.
Main body
It has been used for centuries for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial characteristics which makes it ideal in the determent and treatment of skin inflammation, psoriasis, acne, premature skin aging and skin cancers. It also exhibits antiviral, antiulcer, anticarcinogenic, antimutagenic, antibacterial, hypocholesteremia and antifungal, benefits making it a perfect multifunctional moiety for treating numerous disorders. Curcumin offers protection against skin damage induced by persistent UVB exposure. Curcumin has substantial therapeutic potentials against various skin conditions like anti-inflammatory, antioxidant effects, wound healing efficiency any many more. It illustrates a multiplicity of important medicinal properties which has a great potential in treating various dermatological diseases.
Conclusion
The study seeks to provide a comprehensive update on curcumin and its exceptional medicinal profile, which can be efficaciously and appropriately utilized in treating skin conditions like psoriasis, acne, dermatitis, scleroderma, skin cancers, skin aging, fungal infections and wounds.
... The ability of curcumin to control GSH, catalase, and Turf protein activity in the dynamic balance of free radicals has been examined [109][110][111]. Similar to vitamin E, curcumin is thought to break cell chains and is known to scavenge many forms of free radicals, including reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS) [112][113][114]. ...
The majority of herbal items constitute the main source of pharmaceutical substances with recognised therapeutic qualities. To confirm the general effectiveness of traditional remedies, numerous investigations have been carried out. Because viruses are always changing, there are substantial obstacles in the basic barrier for illness; instead, viruses exhibit complexion, which is a genetic mutation that causes accumulation throughout the course of their lives. There have been significant efforts done to identify the likely best treatments for it. Synthetic organic molecules have been used extensively in modern medicines for many years, yet there is a risk to human life from potential side effects. According to popular belief, employing herbal medicines as a supplemental approach can lower toxicity levels, have few negative effects, and are widely available.
... 38 Researches have shown that when curcumin is incorporated into collagen, it acts as a supportive matrix for slow release, increases wound reduction, and enhances cellular proliferation. 39 Mechanism of action: [40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48] Curcumin has anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti-cancer and antioxidant properties and is used in the treatment of a wide variety of diseases such as cancer, inflammatory conditions, osteoarthritis, neurologic conditions, and diabetes. ...
Periodontal care comprises care of the surrounding tissue of teeth along with proper care of teeth. Periodontal maintenance is a preventive measure that helps to prevent infections in oral cavity. For this, besides, scaling and root planning, various medications in the form of oral tablets, mouthwashes, gargle solutions, gels etc. are used these days. The number of conventional available such as anti-inflammatory synthetic drugs have certain limitations and researchers are constantly in search of herbs and medicinal plants. Turmeric possesses a wide range of medicinal values used ardently by our seers for the treatment of the diseased and to maintain the health of the healthy people as well. Researches have thrown light upon the fact that Curcuma longa possesses anti-inflammatory features and has a wide range of therapeutic utilities. The various properties of Curcuma longa has been even experimented to offer a readily available alternative in certain cases as well. The scattered information pertaining to the antioxidant potential of Curcuma longa in Ayurveda and contemporary science is reported. Present review embraces the general introduction, morphology, phytochemical and pharmacological attributes and an in-depth information of reported antioxidant properties of Curcuma longa in terms of available experimental and clinical studies
... Curcumin (CCM) extracted from the turmeric has attracted much attention due to its broad-spectrum biological actions. It shows a remarkable range of pharmacological activity, including antioxidant [23], antitumor [24], wound healing [25], and antifungal [26]. CCM exhibits inhibitory ability against the proliferation of diverse bacteria and viruses [27,28]. ...
Airborne transmission of pathogens is the most probable cause for the spread of respiratory diseases, which can be intercepted by personal protective equipment such as masks. In this study, an efficient antiviral personal protective filter was fabricated by coupling the biocompatible curcumin (CCM) with nanofibrous polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membrane. The CCM extracted from plants was first dissolved in acidified ethanol at a certain pH and temperature to optimize its loading concentration, antiviral activation, and binding forces on the polyethylene terephthalate (PET) support to form a pre-filtration layer at the front section of the filter. Ultrathin PTFE membrane was then fabricated on the antibacterial-antiviral PET support (A-A PET) by controllable heating lamination. This functional layer of the filter exhibits good gas permeance (3423.6 m³/(m²·h·kPa)) and ultrafine particles rejection rate (>98.79%). Moreover, the obtained A-A filter exhibit a high antibacterial rate against a variety of bacteria (E. coli, B. subtilis, A. niger, and Penicillium were 99.84%, 99.02%, 93.60%, 95.23%, respectively). Forthwith virucidal (SARS-CoV-2) efficiency of the A-A filter can reach 99.90% for 5 min. The filter shows good stability after 10 heating cycles, demonstrating its reusability.
... One of the major mechanisms of curcumin anticancer effects is its antioxidant properties, since it can increase serum concentration of antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and lipid peroxides. Moreover, curcumin also acts as a good scavenger for different forms of free radicals, such as reactive oxygen (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), and inhibits ROS-generating enzymes such as lipoxygenase/cyclooxygenase and xanthine hydrogenase/oxidase [88][89][90]. In addition, curcumin can modulate several signaling pathways associated with cancer growth, such as suppression of angiogenesis and induction of apoptosis [91]. ...
Cancer is the second leading cause of death after cardiovascular diseases. Conventional anticancer therapies are associated with lack of selectivity and serious side effects. Cancer hallmarks are biological capabilities acquired by cancer cells during neoplastic transformation. Targeting multiple cancer hallmarks is a promising strategy to treat cancer. The diversity in chemical structure and the relatively low toxicity make plant-derived natural products a promising source for the development of new and more effective anticancer therapies that have the capacity to target multiple hallmarks in cancer. In this review, we discussed the anticancer activities of ten natural products extracted from plants. The majority of these products inhibit cancer by targeting multiple cancer hallmarks, and many of these chemicals have reached clinical applications. Studies discussed in this review provide a solid ground for researchers and physicians to design more effective combination anticancer therapies using plant-derived natural products.
... It is now known that spices contain several secondary metabolites include polyphenols, flavonoids and alkaloids which are responsible for their effects on the health (Pritam et al., 2022;Sharma et al., 2021). Some of these spices such as curcumin were shown good neuroprotective effects and ability to reduce cholinesterase inhibition (Sahebkar et al., 2015;Akinyemi et al., 2015). Despite the highly diversity of spices consumed in Cameroon, few studies on their neuroprotective and anticholinesterase potential were done. ...
Background
Many neurodegenerative such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) are characterized by cholinergic dysfunction and oxidative stress which is a key event in neuronal death process. Thus, anticholinesterase and anti-oxidation compounds are two promising strategies in the development of AD drugs. Beyond their culinary use, spices are today studies for health purpose. In this study, some spices consumed in Cameroon were evaluated for their 0 anticholinesterase and neuroprotective effects.
Methods
Colorimetric methods were used to determine total flavonoids and alkaloids content of hydroethanolic extract of different spices. Aftermaths, anti-cholinesterase activity of spices extract was carried out using Ellman’s method. Finally, neuroprotective effects were performed on human SK-N-SH cells stressed with H2O2 by assessing neuronal survival (rezarusin assay) and neuronal death (LDH assay).
Results
Flavonoids content of spices extract were ranged from 22.94 to 32.01 mg EQ/g DM and alkaloids content were ranged from 320 to 896 mg EQu/g DM. Among the spices studied, Xylopia parviflora presented the greatest acetylcholinesterase inhibition with an IC50 = 14 µg/mL. In Cell culture experiments, pre-incubation of SK-N-SH cell with the selected spices at different concentrations were improved neuronal survival (ranged from 15.35 to 21.87%) and reduced the percentage of neuronal cells dead (ranged from 31.96% 66.91).
Conclusion
The present results reveal that selected spices consumed in Cameroon have good anticholinesterase activity as well as neuroprotective effect on SK-N-SH which may provide new natural compounds that could help in the management of Alzheimer's disease.
... Curcumin has been shown to improve systemic markers of oxidative stress. There is evidence that it can increase serum activities of antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), a significant effect of curcuminoids supplementation on all investi-gated parameters of oxidative stress including plasma activities of SOD and catalase, as well as serum concentrations of glutathione peroxidase (GSH) and lipid peroxides (5). Curcumin's effect on free radicals is fulfilled by several different mechanisms. ...
Background & Objective: One of the side effects of radiotherapy can be damage to spermatogonial stem cells that may lead to spermatogenesis disorders and sterility. Protective effects of curcumin on normal cells against radiotherapy side effects have already been shown. In the current study, the protective effects of curcumin on the spermatogonial stem cells against gamma radiation were evaluated. Materials & Methods: This study was done on 50 adult rats in 10 experimental groups. Four groups were injected 0, 25, 50, or 100mg/kg of curcumin in 1ml olive oil for 15 days intraperitoneally, then exposed to radiation at 2 Gy on the next day. Also, four groups were treated like above but without radiation; and two groups as control with and without radiation. The day after radiation, all of the rats were euthanatized, their testes were removed, and they underwent enzymatic digestion to co-culture spermatogonial stem cells. After 12 days, the colonization of spermatogonial stem cells was assessed. Results: There was a significant decrease in the colonization of spermatogonial stem cell proliferation in groups that had taken radiation but not curcumin. There was a significant increase in the colonization of spermatogonial stem cells in the group which had taken radiation whit maximum curcumin compared with the other irradiated groups and was similar to non-irradiated control animals. Colonization of spermatogonial stem cells in non-irradiated animals treated with curcumin had increased compared with control groups. Conclusion: Injection of curcumin can protect spermatogonial stem cells against radiation. Thus, curcumin may prevent sterility in men who undergo radiotherapy.
... The use of curcumin in this regard supports the idea of using an antioxidant therapeutic agent with a suitable carrier which increases the bioavailability of curcumin. Therefore, the nanocomposite of ZnO and curcumin produces a cumulative effect on wound healing [37][38][39]. Study reported by Klebanov et al., have demonstrated the therapeutic effects of LED in the contraction of wound area, reduction in inflammation, and complete re-epithelialization of wounds, with accelerated maturation of wounded tissues [40]. ...
Wound healing, being a dynamic process consisting of hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling, involves the complicated interplay of various growth mediators and the cells associated repair system. Current wound healing therapies usually fail to completely regain skin integrity and functionality. Traditionally, curcumin is considered a potent natural wound healing agent as it possesses antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. It is also known that zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) have photocatalytic properties, including the generation of reactive oxygen species. ZnO nanoaprticles are also Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved as safe substances. While ZnO oxide requires illumination with ultraviolet light to become photocatalytically active, dye-sensitized ZnO can be activated by illumination with visible light. In the present study, we explored the wound healing potential of ZnO nanoparticles sensitized with curcumin (Cu+ZnO Nps) and illuminated with visible (blue) light generated by an array of high power LEDs. We studied the antibacterial effect of our conjugates by percentage reduction in bacterial growth and biofilm formation. The wound healing potential was analyzed by percentage wound contraction, biochemical parameters, and histopathological analysis of the wounded site. Additionally, angiogenesis and wound associated cytokines was evaluated by immunohistochemistry of CD31 and gene expression analysis of IL-1β, TNF-α, and MMP-9 after 16 days of post-wound treatment, respectively. Our study suggests that the therapeutic effect of Cu+ZnO NPs with LED illumination increases its wound healing potential by producing an antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effect. Moreover, the treatment strategy of using a nano formulation in combination with LED illumination further increases its efficacy. It was concluded that the anti-inflammatory and bactericidal effects of the LED illuminated Cu+ZnO Np showed accelerated wound healing with increased wound contraction, collagen deposition, angiogenesis, and re-epithelialization.
... Previous studies have been reported that curcumin, thymoquinone and chrysin exhibit the potential of antioxidant and mitochondrial protection effect in cellular, animal and clinical trials [24][25][26]. These natural compounds have been indicated a significant effect on oxidative stress parameters including plasma activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD), as well as serum concentrations of lipid peroxides and glutathione peroxidase (GSH) [27][28][29]. Curcumin, chrysin and thymoquinone can scavenge different forms of free radicals, such as ROS and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) [28][29][30]. These polyphenol compound can regulate the activity of SOD, catalase and GSH enzymes and neutralize of free radicals [28,29,31]. ...
Mitochondrial dysfunction may lead to cardiomyocyte death in trastuzumab (TZM)-induced cardiotoxicity. Accordingly, this study was designed to evaluate the mitochondrial protective effects of curcumin, chrysin and thymoquinone alone in TZM-induced cardiotoxicity in the rats. Forty-eight male adult Wistar rats were divided into eight groups: control group (normal saline), TZM group (2.5 mg/kg I.P. injection, daily), TZM + curcumin group (10 mg/kg, I.P. injection, daily), TZM + chrysin (10 mg/kg, I.P. injection, daily), TZM + thymoquinone (0.5 mg/kg, I.P. injection, daily), curcumin group (10 mg/kg, I.P. injection, daily), chrysin group (10 mg/kg, I.P. injection, daily) and thymoquinone group (10 mg/kg, I.P. injection, daily). Blood and tissue were collected on day 11 and used for assessment of creatine phosphokinase, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), troponin, malondialdehyde (MDA) amount, glutathione levels and mitochondrial toxicity parameters. TZM increased mitochondrial impairments (reactive oxygen species formation, mitochondrial swelling, mitochondrial membrane potential collapse and decline in succinate dehydrogenase activity) and histopathological alterations (hypertrophy, enlarged cell, disarrangement, myocytes degeneration, infiltration of fat in some areas, hemorrhage and focal vascular thrombosis) in rat heart. As well as TZM produced a significant increase in the level of CK, LDH, troponin, MDA, glutathione disulfide. In most experiments, the co-injection of curcumin, chrysin and thymoquinone with TZM restored the level of CK, LDH, troponin, MDA, GSH, mitochondrial impairments and histopathological alterations. The study revealed the cardioprotective effects of curcumin, chrysin and thymoquinone against TZM-induced cardiotoxicity which could be attributed to their antioxidant and mitochondrial protection activities.
... Curcumin is a vibrant yellow spice extracted from rhizome of turmeric (Curcuma longa) that is insoluble in water [32,33]. is natural polyphenol is a main active component of turmeric [34] that has antioxidant [35,36], antiapoptotic [37], anti-inflammatory [38][39][40], hepatoprotective [41,42], analgesic and antiarthritic [43,44], pulmonoprotective [45], lipid-modifying [46,47], immunomodulatory [48,49], and antidiabetic [50,51] actions. Curcumin also has anticancer activity, and it has been assessed in different malignant tumors, including colorectal cancer, prostate cancer, lung cancer, gastric cancer, breast cancer, and so on [52]. ...
Objective:
This study aimed to review the potential chemoprotective effects of curcumin against the doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity.
Methods:
According to the PRISMA guideline, a comprehensive systematic search was performed in different electronic databases (Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus) up to July 2021. One hundred and sixty-four studies were screened in accordance with a predefined set of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Eighteen eligible articles were finally included in the current systematic review.
Results:
According to the in vitro and in vivo findings, it was found that doxorubicin administration leads to decreased cell survival, increased mortality, decreased bodyweight, heart weight, and heart to the bodyweight ratio compared to the control groups. However, curcumin cotreatment demonstrated an opposite pattern in comparison with the doxorubicin-treated groups alone. Other findings showed that doxorubicin significantly induces biochemical changes in the cardiac cells/tissue. Furthermore, the histological changes on the cardiac tissue were observed following doxorubicin treatment. Nevertheless, for most of the cases, these biochemical and histological changes mediated by doxorubicin were reversed near to control groups following curcumin coadministration.
Conclusion:
It can be mentioned that coadministration of curcumin alleviates the doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Curcumin exerts these cardioprotective effects through different mechanisms of antioxidant, antiapoptosis, and anti-inflammatory. Since the finding presented in this systematic review are based on in vitro and in vivo studies, suggesting the use of curcumin in cancer patients as a cardioprotector agent against cardiotoxicity mediated by doxorubicin requires further clinical studies.
... Moreover, TS affects adiposity and lipid metabolism by modulating energy metabolism and inflammation [44]. Additionally, TS is shown to have hypocholesterolemic properties [45,46]; reducing plasma TG and cholesterol [47]. ...
Background
Aerobic training (AT) and Turmeric Supplementation (TS) are known to exert multiple beneficial effects including metabolic status and Oxidative Stress. To our knowledge, data on the effects of AT and TS on metabolic status and oxidative stress biomarkers related to inflammation in subjects with Hyperlipidemic Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (HT2DM) are scarce.
Objectives
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of AT and TS on metabolic status and oxidative stress biomarkers related to inflammation in subjects with HT2DM.
Methods
This randomized single-blinded, placebo-controlled trial was conducted among 42 subjects with HT2DM, aged 45–60 years old. Participants were randomly assigned to four groups; AT+TS (n = 11), AT+placebo (AT; n = 10), TS (n = 11), and Control+placebo (C; n = 10). The AT program consisted of 60–75% of Maximum heart rate (HRmax), 20–40 min/day, three days/week for eight weeks. The participants in the TS group consumed three 700 mg capsules/day containing turmeric powder for eight weeks. Metabolic status and oxidative stress biomarkers were assessed at baseline and end of treatment. The data were analyzed through paired t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Bonferroni post hoc test at the signification level of P < 0.05.
Results
After eight weeks, significant improvements were observed in metabolic status, oxidative stress biomarkers and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in the AT+TS, TS, and AT compared to C. Additionally, a significant decrease of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) Z scores (p = 0.001; p = 0.011), hs-CRP (p = 0.028; p = 0.041), Malondialdehyde (MAD) (p = 0.023; p = 0.001), and significantly higher Glutathione (GSH) (p = 0.003; p = 0.001), and Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) (p = 0.001; p = 0.001) compared to the AT and TS groups. The results also revealed a significant difference in terms of MetS Z scores (p = 0.001), hs-CRP (p = 0.018), MAD (p = 0.011), GSH (p = 0.001) and TAC (p = 0.025) between the AT and TS.
Conclusions
The findings suggest that AT+TS improves metabolic status, oxidative stress biomarkers, and hs-CRP more effectively compared to TS or AT in middle-aged females with T2DM and hyperlipidemia.
... Antioxidant activity of CMN is due to the phenolic hydroxyl groups in its structure [16]. CMN has shown to help reduce oxidative stress markers in the body [17]. Effect of CMN on free radicals is mediated by a number of mechanisms. ...
Objective:
The aim: The current study was designed to examine the possible Nephroprotective effects of CMN in preventing nephrotoxicity and oxidative stress caused by chronic administration of CsA in rats.
Patients and methods:
Materials and methods: This study consisted of four groups and each group was made up of 8 rats. The first group was considered as a control group (received vehicle (0.9%N/S orally, and olive oil S.C), and the rest included the following: CMN group (received CMN in a dose of 30mg/kg/day orally), CsA group (received CsA in a dose of 20mg/kg/day S.C), and CMN plus CsA combination group (received CMN (30mg/kg/day, orally) plus CsA (20mg/kg/day, S.C) for 21days). For each group, the following variables wereassessed: Serum urea concentration, Serum creatinine concentration, initial body weight, final body weight, Tissue MDA level, Tissue GpX1 level, Tissue CAT level, Tissue SOD level, and tissue IL-2 level, and histopathological examination.
Results:
Results: Mean levels of serum urea and creatinine, tissue MDA, tissue IL-2, and histopathological scores are significantly (P<0.05) increased in the CsA group compared with the control, and CMN groups (normal renal tissue). Tissue SOD, CAT, and GpX1 activities are significantly (P<0.05) decreased in the CsA group compared with the control, and CMN group. Concomitant administration of CMN with CsA resulted in significantly (P<0.05) lower elevated levels of MDA, serum urea, and creatinine, significantly higher levels of antioxidant enzymes, and normalization of the altered renal morphology compared with CsA treated rats.
Conclusion:
Conclusions: CMN has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that protect the kidney from CsA's toxicity.
... In addition, this compound can affect adiposity and lipid metabolism through several mechanisms, including the modulation of energy metabolism and inflammation [55]. In clinical practice, there is evidence about the effectiveness of curcumin supplementation in reducing the levels of plasma triglycerides and cholesterol [36,56,57], which suggests its hypocholesterolemic effect [17]. ...
Exhaustive and acute unusual physical exercise leads to muscle damage. Curcumin has been widely studied due to the variety of its biological activities, attributed to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Furthermore, it has shown positive effects on physical exercise practitioners. However, there is no literature consensus on the beneficial effects of curcumin in acute physical activities performed by sedentary individuals. Therefore, we systematically reviewed evidence from clinical trials on the main effects of curcumin supplementation on inflammatory markers, sports performance, and muscle damage during acute physical exercises in these individuals. We searched PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase databases, and only original studies were analyzed according to the PRISMA guidelines. The included studies were limited to supplementation of curcumin during acute exercise. A total of 5 studies were selected. Methodological quality assessments were examined using the SYRCLE's risk-of-bias tool. Most studies have shown positive effects of curcumin supplementation in sedentary individuals undergoing acute physical exercise. Overall, participants supplemented with curcumin showed less muscle damage, reduced inflammation, and better muscle performance. The studies showed heterogeneous data and exhibited methodological limitations; therefore, further research is necessary to ensure curcumin supplementation benefits during acute and high-intensity physical exercises. Additionally, mechanistic and highly controlled studies are required to improve the quality of the evidence and to elucidate other possible mechanisms. This study is registered with Prospero number CRD42021262718.
... Curcumin is a polyphenol with a myriad of biological effects, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities [58][59][60][61][62]. Despite numerous therapeutic potentials, low oral bioavailability has been suggested as a factor limiting its clinical efficacy. ...
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common chronic liver disease that can lead to end-stage liver disease needing a liver transplant. Many pharmacological approaches are used to reduce the disease progression in NAFLD. However, current strategies remain ineffective to reverse the progression of NAFLD completely. Employing nanoparticles as a drug delivery system has demonstrated significant potential for improving the bioavailability of drugs in the treatment of NAFLD. Various types of nanoparticles are exploited in this regard for the management of NAFLD. In this review, we cover the current therapeutic approaches to manage NAFLD and provide a review of recent up-to-date advances in the uses of nanoparticles for the treatment of NAFLD.
... In addition, curcumin has the same effect as exercise in its antioxidant effect. Curcumin can improve all oxidative stress biomarkers, such as inhibiting ROS enzyme, and increasing the activity of GSH, catalase, and SOD enzymes [75]. Exercise combined with curcumin also significantly improves cognitive dysfunction caused by diabetes [76] and realizes the improvement in depression, anxiety, metabolic syndromes, diabetes, and other chronic diseases [77]. ...
Noncommunicable chronic diseases such as metabolic diseases including obesity and diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases including ischemic heart disease have high incidence not only in developed countries, but also in developing countries. Lack of physical activity increases a major risk factor for many chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases and diabetes, which is close to the effect of smoking. Physical inactivity causes approximately 9% of premature deaths, especially causing some noncommunicable diseases [1]. The effect of physical inactivity on the triggering of chronic diseases has also been confirmed, especially for fatty liver [2], sarcopenia [3], Alzheimer’s disease, and diabetes [4], which is mainly due to the deficiency of autophagy from physical inactivity.
... It is known that curcumin compounds have antioxidant properties and can facilitate scavenging of free radicals such as reactive oxygen and nitrogen species [54,55]. These natural dietary antioxidants can also modulate the activity of glutathione (GSH), catalase, and SOD enzymes and thereby inhibit the production of inflammation by chondrocytes in OA patients, especially with a treatment duration of more than 6 weeks [56,57]. In spite of its reported benefits via inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms, curcumin has poor bioavailability due to its poor absorption, rapid metabolism, and excretion [58,59]. ...
Osteoarthritis is characterized by degeneration of joint structure over time, resulting in limitation of joint mobility. There is growing evidence that curcumin has anti-inflammatory properties and could be a potential therapeutic option for chronic inflammatory diseases. Hence, curcumin could potentially have a positive impact on osteoarthritis symptoms. This systematic review aimed to estimate the effects of curcumin on osteoarthritis. We systematically searched PubMed, ISI, Scopus, and Google Scholar up to March 4, 2020 to identify randomized controlled trials that evaluated the effects of consumption of all types of curcumin compounds in the treatment of osteoarthritis, especially in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Seventeen trials were identified. The duration of the included studies varied from 4 weeks to 8 months. Across all trials, 13 studies involved screening using Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC) scores and 11 studies used visual analog scales (VAS) for recording pain from baseline to post-intervention. There was a significant improvement in VAS and overall WOMAC scores with oral administration of various types of curcumin formulations with no severe adverse effects. In conclusion, different types of curcumin compounds may be beneficial as an alternative or complementary agent for the management of osteoarthritis. Moreover, certain curcumin compounds with higher bioavailability tended to show more positive effects.
... O EO é desencadeado por um desequilíbrio entre a formação de EROs e os níveis de antioxidantes que fazem parte do sistema de defesa das células. Vale salientar que a formação de EROs como: o peróxido de hidrogênio (H2O2), o ânion superóxido (O2-) e o radical hidroxila (OH-) pode ocorrer de forma endógena ou exógena (Covarrubias et al., 2008;Schafer & Buettner, 2001;Qingming et al., 2010;Silva, Araújo, Duarte, & Lopes, 2011a;Sahebkar, Serban, Ursoniu, & Banach, 2015). ...
Considerando o impacto que o estresse oxidativo (EO) e as alterações epigenéticas podem exercer sobre a foliculogênese, o melhor entendimento desses eventos nos auxiliam na busca da melhor eficiência do cultivo in vitro (CIV) de folículos ovarianos em diversas espécies. Diante disso, o objetivo dessa revisão é abordar as principais características e avanços do CIV folicular, expondo as suas limitações (ex. EO e alterações epigenéticas) e alternativas (ex. antioxidantes e meio condicionado de células-tronco mesenquimais - MC-CTMs). Para tanto, no presente artigo foi realizada uma revisão de literatura na qual foram empregadas um total de 143 referências bibliográficas, datadas de 1987 a 2021. Como critérios de inclusão, foram utilizados artigos experimentais, capítulos de livros e revisões de literatura na língua portuguesa, inglesa e espanhola. Em relação aos resultados e discussão, foi observado que os melhores resultados de CIV de folículos ovarianos pré-antrais foram obtidos em murinos com o nascimento de crias saudáveis. Atualmente os entraves dessa biotécnica têm sido correlacionados às condições inadequadas de cultivo, que causam aumento do EO e alterações nos padrões epigenéticos do folículo (oócitos e células somáticas). Dessa maneira, para transpor esse problema, vem-se testando a adição de diferentes substâncias ao meio de CIV, como antioxidantes, e meios oriundos do CIV de CTMs (ex. MC).
... Contrary to expectations, the study failed to show that cranberry capsules were superior to placebo with respect to pain/ burning, nocturia, and strength of urinary flow. Curcumin, the main natural polyphenol found in the rhizome of Curcuma longa, has a benefit in inflammatory conditions because of its antioxidant effects [25]. Combination with quercetin, a flavonoid found in fruits and vegetables that has unique anti-inflammatory properties, improves the intestinal absorption and bioavailability of curcumin [26,27]. ...
Background
Radiation-induced cystitis is a common side effect of radiotherapy (RT) to the pelvic area. Hyaluronic acid (HA) and chondroitin sulfate (CS) are components of the urothelial mucosa and positive results have been obtained for intravesical HA/CS instillations for the treatment of urinary tract infections and bladder pain syndrome. HA/CS may also have a protective effect against RT bladder toxicity.
Objective
To investigate whether HA and CS protect the urothelium during RT, alleviate lower urinary tract symptoms, and improve quality of life.
Design, setting, and participants
This multicentre randomised controlled trial was conducted across seven centres in four countries. Male patients aged ≥18 yr scheduled to undergo primary intensity-modulated radiotherapy for localised prostate cancer were enrolled.
Intervention
Patients were randomised to intravesical HA/CS plus an oral formulation of curcumin, quercetin, HA, and CS (group A) or no treatment (group B).
Outcome measurements and statistical analysis
The primary endpoint was absolute changes from baseline to follow-up in urinary domain scores for the Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite (EPIC), the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Male Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (ICIQ-MLUTS), and the EuroQol Group EQ-5D-5L questionnaire. Data analysis for efficacy and safety outcomes was performed using an intention-to-treat (ITT) approach; the ITT population was defined as all randomised patients.
Results and limitations
Of 57 patients screened, 49 were enrolled and randomly assigned to either active treatment (group A, n = 25) or the control (group B, n = 24). Three patients in the control group withdrew after randomisation. Changes from baseline to 12 mo were worse in the control group for subtotal scores for urinary symptoms and impact of symptoms on quality of life and for the total score (p = 0.05, p = 0.003, and p = 0.008, respectively). There was a significant time × group interaction in favour of active treatment for the incontinence symptom score (p = 0.011) and bother score (p = 0.017). The absence of a sham procedure and/or placebo is the main limitation.
Conclusions
Our results suggest that intravesical HA/CS in combination with an oral formulation may reduce urinary symptoms and improve QoL at short-term (1 yr) follow-up.
Patient summary
We investigated whether hyaluronic acid (HA) and chondroitin sulfate (CS) have a protective effect against the bladder toxicity of radiotherapy for prostate cancer. HA/CS used for weekly bladder irrigation for 6 wk and given orally with curcumin and quercetin for 12 wk reduced urinary incontinence symptoms and bother measured at 1-year follow-up. This may hold promise as a preventive treatment if the results are confirmed in further trials.
... In a study carried out by Rattah, et al. [10] rats were given a high fat diet and turmeric extract was given to one of the groups turmeric extract have prevented atherosclerosis, reduced LDL cholesterol. In a meta-analysis study, it has been shown that curcuminoids have an important effect in reducing serum SOD and CAT activities, GSH concentrations and serum lipid peroxides [11]. In another study supporting this result, it was clearly demonstrated that curcumin supplementation improves systemic antioxidant capacity, lipid peroxidation and inflammation biomarkers in individuals with metabolic syndrome (MetS). ...
... Curcumin has improved systemic markers of oxidative stress, module the activity of GSH, catalase, and SOD enzymes active in the neutralization of free radicles [109][110][111] . Curcumin is known to scavenge different forms of free radical, such as reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS) and like vitamin E, curcumin is also considered as a chain-breaking antioxidant [112][113][114] . ...
... Curcumin is a powerful antioxidant that has been appraised as a strong healing herbal component, which 300 times more influential than Vitamin E according to scientific reports (Sahebkar, Serban, Ursoniu, & Banach, 2015). ...
Background
Curcumin demonstrated many pharmacological effects including antioxidants, anti-inflammation, eliminating free radicals, anti-tumor, lipid regulation, and anti-coagulation.
Objective
This study aimed to assess and compare curcumin and nano-curcumin effects on lipid profile, oxidative stress, and inflammatory factors related to patients ‘heart.
Method
This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted on 90 patients undergoing coronary elective angioplasty which were randomly divided into 3 groups. The doses administered for 8 weeks were a 500 mg capsule of curcumin daily for the first group and an 80 mg capsule of nano-curcumin for the second group. However, the placebo group received capsules like curcumin. Lipid profile, oxidative stress factors, and inflammatory markers were measured at the baseline and end of the experiment.
Results
Statistically significant changes were observed in the total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerol (TG) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in the intervention groups to the control group (p<0.05). Curcumin and nano-curcumin supplementation also improved significant changes in plasma levels of total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), Interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in comparison to the placebo (p<0.05). Furthermore, the nano-curcumin group compared to the curcumin group demonstrated significant changes (p<0.05) in TC, TG, SOD, MDA and TNF-α levels.
Conclusion
The effects of curcumin on nano formula may be better for cardiac patients due to its high bioavailability.
... Dietary factors including antioxidant ingredients may improve metabolic disorders associated with PCOS (Borzoei et al., 2018). Among the antioxidant factors, curcumin has recently received much attention (Sahebkar et al., 2015). ...
Background
Curcumin is a biologically active phytochemical ingredient found in turmeric. It has several pharmacologic effects that might benefit patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
Objective
We hypothesized curcumin to be effective in improving blood sugar levels, insulin resistance and hyperandrogenism in individuals with PCOS.
Methods
In a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial, individuals with PCOS were treated with curcumin (500 mg three times daily) or placebo for 12 weeks. Primary outcome measures were fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting insulin (FI), sex hormone levels, and hirsutism (Ferriman-Gallwey [mFG] score). Secondary outcomes included anthropometric measurements.
Results
Of 72 randomized individuals, 67 completed the trial. The two groups were comparable at baseline. At the end of the study, FPG and Dehydroepiandrosterone levels had decreased significantly in the intervention group compared to control (difference of change (post-pre) between intervention and placebo groups: -4.11 mg/dL; 95% CI: -8.35, -0.35 mg/dL; p = 0.033 and -26.53 microg/dL; 95% CI: -47.99, -4.34 µg/dL; p = 0.035, respectively). We also observed a statistically non-significant increase (p = 0.082) in Estradiol levels in the intervention group compared to control. No serious adverse events were reported throughout the trial.
Conclusions
Curcumin might be a safe and useful supplement to ameliorate PCOS-associated hyperandrogenemia and hyperglycemia. However, longer trials investigating different dosages in longer durations are needed to underpin these findings.
... Natural compounds like curcumin, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), quersetin, and resveratrol, have been shown to modulate some genetic and epigenetic mechanisms, which may increase sensitivity of cancer cells to conventional agents and thus inhibit tumor growth [1,2]. Curcumin, the main bioactive ingredient of turmeric, has been revealed to possess various therapeutic potentials, such as anti-tumor [3,4], anti-atherosclerotic [5,6], anti-microbial [7], anti-oxidant [8], and antiinflammatory [9][10][11]. A wide variety of molecular targets have been reported for curcumin, including some transcription factors, gene modulators, kinases, growth factors, and cell membrane receptors [12][13][14][15][16]. Due to its various and pleiotropic functions, increasing number of studies has been focused on curcumin, specifically in malignancies. ...
Gynecological cancers are among the leading causes of cancer-associated mortality worldwide. While the number of cases are rising, current therapeutic approaches are not efficient enough. There are considerable side-effects as well as treatment resistant types. In addition, which all make the treatment complicated for afflicted cases. Therefore, in order to improve efficacy of the treatment process and patients’ quality of life, searching for novel adjuvant treatments is highly warranted. Curcumin, a promising natural compound, is endowed with numerous therapeutic potentials including significant anticancer effects. Recently, various investigations have demonstrated the anticancer effects of curcumin and its novel analogues on gynecological cancers. Moreover, novel formulations of curcumin have resulted in further propitious effects. This review discusses these studies and highlights the possible underlying mechanisms of the observed effects.
To evaluate curcumin's impact on postmenopausal women's health through a meta‐analysis. The databases searched included PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science, from their inception to July 2024. The Cochrane risk of Bias assessment tool was used to assess the quality of the included studies. This meta‐analysis reviewed 14 randomized controlled trials involving 982 participants (466 in the intervention group and 516 in the control group) and evaluated curcumin's effects across 30 indicators grouped into cardiovascular health, oxidative stress and antioxidant markers, bone health, metabolic health, and quality of life. We found that curcumin reduced systolic (SMD −0.51, 95% CI −0.83 to 0.19, p = 0.002) and diastolic blood pressure (SMD −0.63, 95% CI −0.96 to −0.30, p = 0.005), increased total antioxidant capacity (SMD 0.93, 95% CI 0.15 to 1.72, p = 0.020) and superoxide dismutase levels (SMD 0.30, 95% CI 0.04 to 0.56, p = 0.026), decreased aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (SMD −0.36, 95% CI −0.66 to −0.06, p = 0.020), and improved vasomotor (SMD −0.39, 95% CI −0.65 to −0.13, p = 0.003) symptoms. Curcumin positively impacts several indicators in postmenopausal women, highlighting its potential therapeutic role in managing cardiovascular risk factors, oxidative stress, hepatoprotective effects, and vasomotor symptoms. Due to variations in the purity and dosages across different studies and the lack of combinable data for certain indicators, the conclusions are still limited. These issues can be addressed through more comprehensive large‐scale trials later. A more in‐depth investigation into the mechanisms is also crucial.
Once a dye, curcumin (CUR) has transformed into a versatile therapeutic agent with antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. Despite its potent anticancer effects, CUR encounters challenges such as poor solubility and a short circulation half-life. To address this, researchers utilize nanocarriers like nanoparticles, liposomes, and micelles for efficient CUR delivery. With its multifaceted anticancer activity, CUR holds promise as a cancer therapeutic. Recent studies concentrate on crafting nanocarriers tailored for size, charge, and functionalization, offering adaptable tools for combinational cancer therapy. The synergistic combination of CUR with chemotherapy, magnetic nano hyperthermia, or photodynamic therapy amplifies the efficacy of malignancy treatment. The investigation into CUR-loaded nanocarriers, whether used alone or in combination with other modalities, aims to enhance cancer treatment outcomes, highlighting the diverse potential of curcumin in contemporary therapeutic strategies. This research underscores the importance of combinational drug delivery therapies, providing a renewed perspective on the versatile applications of curcumin in modern medicine.
Background and purpose
Indomethacin is one of the most widely used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of curcumin against indomethacin-induced genotoxicity.
Experimental approach
For in vitro studies, human peripheral blood lymphocytes were obtained from a healthy volunteer and treated for 24 h as follows: vehicle control, indomethacin at 100 and 200 μΜ, indomethacin (100 μM and 200 μM) plus curcumin (27 μM). For in vivo experiments, mice received a single i.p dose of curcumin (100 mg/kg) and after 30 min genotoxicity induction was carried out by a single i.p injection of indomethacin at 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg. After 24 h, bone marrow cells were obtained from mice femurs. Genotoxicity was evaluated using a micronucleus assay. Oxidative damage was also inspected both in vitro and in vivo .
Findings/Results
In-vitro studies indicated that co-treatment with curcumin caused a significant decrease in the average micronuclei percentage and MDA level, and a significant increase in GSH concentration compared to the groups treated only with indomethacin. In-vivo findings revealed that pretreatment with curcumin induced a significant increase in the average ratio of polychromatic erythrocyte/normochromic erythrocyte, GSH concentration and caused a significant decrease in the average percentage of micronuclei and MDA level, in comparison with the group treated only with indomethacin.
Conclusion and implications
Curcumin attenuated indomethacin-induced genotoxicity both in vitro and in vivo . These effects might be partially exerted by decreasing oxidative stress. Further studies are required to elucidate the exact genoprotective mechanism of curcumin against indomethacin.
Besin Takviyesi ve Sağlıklı Beslenmenin Besin Takviyeleri ile İlişkisi Şenol YILDIZ A, D, E, K Vitaminleri Ayşegül FİDANCI C Vitamini Emel UNUTMAZ DUMAN B1, B2 ve B3 Vitaminleri Kübra YİĞİT B5, B6, B7 Vitaminleri Muteber Gizem KESER Folik Asit Gizem Ece DERİCİ B12 Vitamini (Kobalamin) Ekin BAL EPA, DHA, DPA Feyza Nur PAKSOY Konjuge Linoleik Asit Elif YILDIRIM Selenyum Ece KUTSAL İyot Gözde ERGENE Çinko Hatice Ece AKGÜN Kalsiyum Serap ANDAÇ ÖZTÜRK Pınar ÇAĞLAYAN URAL Demir Selin UÇAK Magnezyum Büşranur AKPINAR Kurkumin ve Ginkgo Biloba Esin Zekiye ERGİN Sarı Kantaron (St John’s Wort), Resveratrol ve Ginseng Rumeysa ÇEKER Glukozamin ve Kolajen Kübra YİĞİT Probiyotikler Hümeyra GÜNGÖR
Owing to its prevalent nature, diabetes mellitus has become one of the most serious endocrine illnesses affecting a patient's quality of life due to the manifestation of side effects such as cardiovascular diseases, retinopathy, neuropathy, and nephropathy. Curcumin ((1E, 6E) 21, 7‐bis (4‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxyphenyl)‐1,6‐heptadiene‐3,5‐dione), a major compound of turmeric, has been used in conventional medicine because of its safe nature and cost‐effectiveness to meliorate diabetes and its comorbidities. These effects have also been observed in rodent models of diabetes resulting in a reduction of glycemia and blood lipids. Both the preventive and therapeutic activities of this compound are due to its antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory characteristics. Furthermore, preclinical outcomes and clinical investigation demonstrate that the use of curcumin neutralizes insulin resistance, obesity, and hyperglycemia. Despite the many benefits of curcumin, its two limiting factors, solubility and bioavailability, remain a challenge for researchers; therefore, several methods such as drug formulation, nano‐drug delivery, and the use of curcumin analogs have been developed to deliver curcumin and increase its bioavailability.
Practical applications
The rise of people with type 2 diabetes has become a major concern at the global healthcare level. The best diabetes treatments today are anti‐diabetic drug administration, lifestyle‐related interventions (such as healthy eating and daily physical activity), arterial pressure detection, and fat control. The polyphenol curcumin, found in turmeric, can promote health by acting on a variety of cellular signaling pathways. This review article discusses curcumin and its role in the treatment of diabetes.
This umbrella review is to recapitulate and grade the available evidence of associations between consumption of Zingiberaceae plants/curcumin (Cur) and multiple health‐related outcomes. This study included 161 meta‐analyses of randomized controlled trials in 76 articles with 67 unique health outcomes. Data on heterogeneity and publication bias are considered to assess the quality of evidence. Based on the different impact of Zingiberaceae plants/Cur on human health, the advantages outweigh the disadvantages. Zingiberaceae plants/Cur can mainly improve metabolic syndrome, non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease, cardiovascular disease, and some chronic inflammatory diseases, likewise, obviously relief the pain of osteoarthritis and related diseases. Ginger supplements have been shown to improve vomiting during pregnancy and to relieve nausea and vomiting caused by chemotherapy and surgery. The surgery is any type of surgery, including laparoscopic surgery, gynecological surgery and mixed surgery. Beneficial associations were found with Cur intervention in gastrointestinal, neurological and oral diseases. Zingiberaceae plants/Cur are generally safe and favorable for multiple health outcomes in humans. High‐quality research is further needed to prove the observed associations.
Although the chemotherapeutic drug, doxorubicin, is commonly used to treat various malignant tumors, its clinical use is restricted because of its toxicity especially cardiotoxicity. The use of curcumin may alleviate some of the doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxic effects. Especially, using the nano-formulation of curcumin can overcome the poor bioavailability of curcumin and enhance its physicochemical properties regarding its efficacy. In this study, we systematically reviewed the potential cardioprotective effects of nano-curcumin against the doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. A systematic search was accomplished based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines for the identification of all relevant articles on "the role of nano-curcumin on doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity" in the electronic databases of Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science up to July 2021. One hundred and sixty-nine articles were screened following a predefined set of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Ten eligible scientific papers were finally included in the present systematic review. The administration of doxorubicin reduced the body and heart weights of mice/rats compared to the control groups. In contrast, the combined treatment of doxorubicin and nano-curcumin increased the body and heart weights of animals compared with the doxorubicin-treated groups alone. Furthermore, doxorubicin could significantly induce the biochemical and histological changes in the cardiac tissue; however, coadministration of nano-curcumin formulation demonstrated a pattern opposite to the doxorubicin-induced changes. The coadministration of nano-curcumin alleviates the doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity through various mechanisms including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic effects. Also, the cardioprotective effect of nano-curcumin formulation against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity was higher than free curcumin.
Objective:
The aim: The purpose of this study is to determine clinical and imaging features of etiological subtypes of posterior circulation stroke in a prospective hospital-based cohort study.
Patients and methods:
Materials and methods: We prospectively recruited 120 acute posterior circulation stroke patients, admitted to the Neurological Center of the University Hospital (Oleksandrivska Clinical Hospital) in Kyiv, Ukraine, within 6 to 24 hours from the onset of the stroke symptoms. Comprehensive neurological, clinical, laboratory, ultrasound, and imaging examination was performed on all patients.
Results:
Results: MRI/CT-proven etiological subtypes of ischemic posterior circulation stroke were defined - atherothrombotic (n = 59), cardioembolic (n = 24), lacunar (n = 27), and definitively indeterminate (n = 7). Two main study groups were formed - lacunar (n = 27) and non-lacunar (n = 90) subtypes of posterior circulation stroke.
Conclusion:
Conclusions: Specific clinical and imaging features of etiological subtypes of posterior circulation stroke were determined, analyzed, compared, and described.
The genus Curcuma is widely recognized for its diversity of medicinal and culinary uses yet metabolomic differences among Curcuma species are largely unknown, due to the lack of broadly targeted analytical studies. Here, Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) analysis was employed to interrogate the metabolomes of five Curcuma species which are commonly used in Chinese herbal medicine (C. aromatica, C. elata, C. longa, C. caesia and C. phaeocaulis). By processing these results through a pathway enrichment analysis, 432 metabolites (some associated with the curcumin pathway) were identified that varied by species. The quantity of curcuminoids in C. longa were found to be higher than that in the other four Curcuma species analyzed in this study. In addition, C. longa was found to have a greater diversity of phenolic acids, amino acid derivatives, and flavonoids associated with the curcumin biosynthesis pathway. However, medicinal compounds such as 6-gingerol were found in lower quantities in C. longa compared to all other species in this study. This study provides new insights into Curcuma phytochemical pathways and allows for the development of functional foods tailored to specific needs from these species.
Skeletal muscle wasting has been well-documented among hemodialysis patients. This catabolic condition can be induced by numerous factors, including low-grade inflammation, and is associated with impairments in functional capacity and quality of life, as well as an increased mortality risk. We previously showed that 12 weeks of intradialytic resistance training increases lean mass, functional capacity, and the quality of life of hemodialysis patients. This chapter provides the details of a protocol of intradialytic exercise that leads to improvements in inflammatory status, body composition, and functional capacity.
The objective of the Hormones, Oxidative stress, Methylation, Inflammation and Gene expression (HOMING) trial was to assess the efficacy of personalized bio identical hormone, dietary supplement and nutritional care plans on dry and wet Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) outcomes. We evaluated 220 Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) patients that followed a personalized clinical care plan for up to 9 months. The care plans consisted of bio identical hormones, dietary supplements and nutrition recommendations with the objective to improve lab and clinical measurements linked to oxidative stress, inflammation and gene expression. Serum concentrations of CRP, HbA1c and homocysteine responded favorably to the HOMING protocol with full program compliance. Sixty percent (42/70) of wet AMD patients reported improvement in visual acuity and/or a reduction in the frequency of anti-VEGF injections during the study period. Forty eight percent (44/92) of dry AMD patients reported improvement in visual acuity during the study period. Nine percent (4/45) patients reported improvement in visual acuity in the dry AMD control group and no (0/13) wet AMD patients in the control group reported improvement. Six percent (4/70) of wet AMD patients reported that their vision declined and/or that their F frequency increased during the study period. Five percent (4/92) of dry AMD patients reported that their vision was worse. Keywords: Bio identical Hormones, Oxidative stress, Methylation, Inflammation, Gene Expression, Nutrition and AMD.
Systematic reviews should build on a protocol that describes the rationale, hypothesis, and planned methods of the review; few reviews report whether a protocol exists. Detailed, well-described protocols can facilitate the understanding and appraisal of the review methods, as well as the detection of modifications to methods and selective reporting in completed reviews. We describe the development of a reporting guideline, the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses for Protocols 2015 (PRISMA-P 2015). PRISMA-P consists of a 17-item checklist intended to facilitate the preparation and reporting of a robust protocol for the systematic review. Funders and those commissioning reviews might consider mandating the use of the checklist to facilitate the submission of relevant protocol information in funding applications. Similarly, peer reviewers and editors can use the guidance to gauge the completeness and transparency of a systematic review protocol submitted for publication in a journal or other medium.
Background: Oxidative stress and imbalances in trace element status have been proposed as emerging risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD). The present study aimed to determine serum concentrations of zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) and their ratio, as well as activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme following supplementation with curcuminoids in obese subjects. Methods: 30 obese subjects were randomly allocated to receive curcuminoids (1 g/day; co-supplemented with piperine (10 mg/day) to improve bioavailability of curcuminoids) or matching placebo for 4 weeks, followed by a 2-week wash-out period and subsequent crossing over to the alternate treatment. Serum levels of Cu, Zn, Zn/Cu, Cu/Zn, and SOD activities were determined 4 times for each subject i.e., at the start and end of treatment with curcuminoids and placebo. Results: Supplementations with curcuminoids was associated with a significant increase in serum Zn/Cu and a reduction in Cu! Zn. However, no significant alteration was observed in serum concentrations of Zn and Cu, nor in SOD activities. Conclusion: Short-term supplementation with curcuminoids improves serum Zn/Cu ratio. This effect may justify part of the reported cardioprotective effects of curcuminoids.
Abstract Experiments were performed to assess the dose-dependent effects of quercetin, kaempferol, (+) catechin, and (-) epicatechin on superoxide radical production through the modulation of manganese superoxide dismutase and xanthine oxidase activities. The experiments were carried out at flavanoid concentrations ranging from 1 µM to 100 µM. This investigation highlighted that flavonols induced opposite effects on superoxide radical production at different doses, i.e. pro-oxidant at the highest concentration (100 µM) and anti-oxidant at the lowest concentration (1 µM). Similar behaviors were observed for xanthine oxidase with flavan-3ols. The diastereoisomer (the catechin) acted as a stronger radical scavenger than the epicatechin. However, flavan-3ols were less pro-oxidant than flavonols: in fact, the addition of the superoxide dismutase enzyme was able to cancel the flavan-3ols' pro-oxidant effect. This study also shows that the absence of the 4-carbonyl group conjugated with the 2-3 double bonds in the heterocyclic ring cancelled the pro-oxidant effect of flavan-3ols. The opposite dose-dependent effects of flavonols suggest that they may be used as either a pro-oxidant or antioxidant.
The year 2013 proved to be very exciting as far as landmark trials and new guidelines in the field of lipid disorders, blood pressure and kidney diseases. Among these are the International Atherosclerosis Society Global Recommendations for the Management of Dyslipidemia, European Society of Cardiology (ESC)/European Society of Hypertension Guidelines for the Management of Arterial Hypertension, American Diabetes Association Clinical Practice Recommendations, the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes Clinical Practice Guidelines for Managing Dyslipidemias in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Patients, the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Guideline on the Treatment of Blood Cholesterol to Reduce Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Risk in Adults, the Joint National Committee Expert Panel (JNC 8) Evidence-Based Guideline for the Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults, the American Society of Hypertension/International Society of Hypertension Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Management of Hypertension in the Community, the American College of Physicians Clinical Practice Guideline on Screening, Monitoring, and Treatment of Stage 1-3 CKD and many important trials presented among others during the ESC Annual Congress in Amsterdam and the American Society of Nephrology Annual Meeting-Kidney Week in Atlanta, GA. The paper is an attempt to summarize the most important events and reports in the mentioned areas in the passing year.
Background
There is data in the literature indicating increased oxidative stress in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs), which are commonly used to treat anemia in patients with CKD, seem to have an antioxidant action, which could be a part of nephroprotection. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of a long half-life ESA, methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta (Mircera), on some markers of oxidative stress in predialysis patients with CKD.
Material/Methods
Peripheral blood was collected from 28 predialysis CKD patients 2 times, before Mircera treatment and after achieving target hemoglobin (Hb), and 15 healthy subjects (control group). Superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and catalase (CAT) activity in erythrocytes were measured according to commonly used methods as a function of the antioxidant defense system. To assess reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration in erythrocytes and in plasma was measured according to a commonly used method.
Results
SOD, GSH-Px, and CAT activity were similar, but plasma and erythrocyte MDA concentrations were significantly higher in CKD patients before ESA treatment in comparison to the control group. SOD, GSH-Px, and CAT activity was significantly higher, but plasma and erythrocyte MDA concentrations were significantly lower, in CKD patients after ESA treatment in comparison to these patients before treatment. We did not find a significant correlation between Hb concentration and SOD, GSH-Px, and CAT activity and plasma, as well as erythrocyte MDA concentrations. Analysis of all investigated groups showed a significant negative correlation between Hb concentration and plasma MDA concentration.
Conclusions
Our results suggest that treatment of anemia with methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta may inhibit oxidative stress in predialysis patients with CKD by enhancing the antioxidant defense system and reducing ROS production.
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated in the presence of O 2 by mitochondria, phagocytic cells, perox-isomes, and cytochrome P450 enzymes under physiological conditions, may play a dual function in the human organism. On the one hand, they participate in cell signal transduction cascades, leading to the activation of some transcription fac-tors responsible for regulating of the expression of genes relevant for cell growth and differentiation. On the other hand, they cause oxidative damage of cellular DNA, protein and lipids, resulting in the initiation or development of numerous diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cataract, rheumatoid arthritis, or different neu-rodegenerative diseases. Both endogenous compounds (glutathione, ubiquinol, urate, bilirubin) and enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase) are engaged in the detoxification of ROS. In addition, numerous dietary com-ponents such as vitamin C, vitamin E, carotenoids, and polyphenols are thought to be involved in the antioxidant defense system. The present review article is focused on the summary and the assessment of research on the impact of dietary antioxidants in the prevention of chronic diseases, particularly cancer and cardiovascular diseases.
Curcumin is the major yellow pigment extracted from turmeric, a commonly used spice in Asian cuisine that is used extensively in ayurvedic herbal remedies. A number of studies have shown that curcumin can be a prevention agent and a chemotherapeutic agent for colon, skin, oral and intestinal cancers. Curcumin is also well-known for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, showing high reactivity towards peroxyl radicals, and thus acting as a free radical scavenger. Recently, experimental study has demonstrated that curcumin prevent and more important may even be a cure for AD. Indeed, curcumin injected peripherally in vivo into aged Tg mice crossed the blood-brain barrier and bound to amyloid plaques, reducing amyloid levels and plaque formation decisively. The present review will resume the most recent developments in the medicinal chemistry of curcumin and curcumin-like molecules.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with increased production of reactive oxygen species and a reduction in antioxidant defenses leading to oxidative stress. Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) modulate oxidative stress. The present cross-sectional study was aimed at investigating the association between the GSTP1 gene polymorphism and T2DM and to clarify their effect on the glycemic control parameters.
From the Egyptian population, we enrolled 112 T2DM patients and 188 healthy controls matched for age, sex and origin. Serum lipid profile, blood-glucose level, glycated hemoglobin (HbA(1c)) and body mass index (BMI) were measured. DNA was extracted from the blood samples. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was used to measure GSTP1 Ile(105)Val gene polymorphism of study participants.
The frequency of the Val allele in exon 5 of the GSTP1 gene in patients with T2DM was higher than that observed in healthy controls (15.2% vs. 9.6%); the difference was considered statistically significant when compared to Ile allele carriers (p = 0.03). The presence of the GSTP1 heterozygous mutant allele Ile/Val was more common in subjects with T2DM than in the control group (30.4% and 19.2%, respectively; p = 0.02). Variation in the GSTP1 gene was associated with BMI (p = 0.02) and not associated with glycemic control parameters (fasting serum glucose and HbA(1c)) or smoking-related risk of T2DM.
GSTP1 gene polymorphism may play a significant role in increasing the susceptibility to and risk of T2DM and obesity regardless of smoking status and had no apparent effect on HbA(1c) in patients with diabetes mellitus.
Background
Curcumin extracts of turmeric are proposed to produce health benefits. To date, human intervention studies have focused mainly on people with existing health problems given high doses of poorly absorbed curcumin. The purpose of the current study was to check whether in healthy people, a low dose of a lipidated curcumin extract could alter wellness-related measures.
Methods
The present study was conducted in healthy middle aged people (40–60 years old) with a low dose of curcumin (80 mg/day) in a lipidated form expected to have good absorption. Subjects were given either curcumin (N = 19) or placebo (N = 19) for 4 wk. Blood and saliva samples were taken before and after the 4 weeks and analyzed for a variety of blood and saliva measures relevant to health promotion.
Results
Curcumin, but not placebo, produced the following statistically significant changes: lowering of plasma triglyceride values, lowering of salivary amylase levels, raising of salivary radical scavenging capacities, raising of plasma catalase activities, lowering of plasma beta amyloid protein concentrations, lowering of plasma sICAM readings, increased plasma myeloperoxidase without increased c-reactive protein levels, increased plasma nitric oxide, and decreased plasma alanine amino transferase activities.
Conclusion
Collectively, these results demonstrate that a low dose of a curcumin-lipid preparation can produce a variety of potentially health promoting effects in healthy middle aged people.
Homocysteine (Hcy) is an accepted independent risk factor for several major pathologies including cardiovascular disease, birth defects, osteoporosis, Alzheimer's disease, and renal failure. Interestingly, many of the pathologies associated with homocysteine are also linked to oxidative stress. The enzyme paraoxonase (PON1) - so named because of its ability to hydrolyse the toxic metabolite of parathion, paraoxon - was also shown early after its identification to manifest arylesterase activity. Although the preferred endogenous substrate of PON1 remains unknown, lactones comprise one possible candidate class. Homocysteine-thiolactone can be disposed of by enzymatic hydrolysis by the serum Hcy-thiolactonase/paraoxonase carried on high-density lipoprotein (HDL). In this review, Hcy and the PON1 enzyme family were scrutinized from different points of view in the literature and the recent articles on these subjects were examined to determine whether these two molecular groups are related to each other like a coin with two different sides, so close and yet so different and so opposite.
An increase in oxidative stress is strongly documented in hypertensive patients. In blood vessels, oxidative stress increases the production of superoxide anion (O(2) (•-)) that reacts with nitric oxide (NO) and impairs the ability of endothelium to relax. Many reports indicate a beneficial effect of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ) in hypertension. Coenzyme Q10 therapy may lower O(2) (•-) and thus decrease the complications associated with hypertension. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effects of CoQ supplementation on antioxidative enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation in elderly hypertensive patients.
We determined the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD-1) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) in erythrocytes of 27 elderly (mean age 72.5 ±6.1 year) hypertensive patients treated with indapamide at baseline and after 12 weeks of CoQ supplementation (60 mg twice a day) in comparison with 30 healthy elderly volunteers (mean age 76.8 ±8.5 year).
Decrease of SOD-1 (p < 0.001) and insignificant reduction of GSH-Px activities and increase of MDA (p < 0.001) level were observed in hypertensive patients in comparison to healthy volunteers before supplementation. Coenzyme Q10 administration resulted in a significant increase only in SOD-1 activity (p < 0.001).
The present study indicates that CoQ improves the most important component of the antioxidant defence system - SOD-1, which is responsible for O(2) (•-) scavenging. Coenzyme Q10 may be used as an additional therapeutic agent for prophylaxis and treatment of hypertension in elderly patients.
Skin is among the first and most heavily damaged organs upon sulphur mustard (SM) exposure. Pruritus is the most common chronic skin complication of SM, which adversely affects the quality of life (QoL). However, current therapies for the management of SM-induced pruritus are very limited and associated with side effects. The present trial investigated the efficacy of curcumin in the alleviation of SM-induced chronic pruritic symptoms. A total of ninety-six male Iranian veterans (age 37-59 years) were randomised to receive either curcumin (1 g/d, n 46) or placebo (n 50) for 4 weeks. Serum concentrations of substance P and activities of antioxidant enzymes were measured at baseline and at the end of the trial. Assessment of pruritus severity was performed using the pruritus score, visual analogue scale (VAS) and scoring atopic dermatitis (SCORAD) index. QoL was evaluated using the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) questionnaire. Serum concentrations of substance P (P < 0·001) as well as activities of superoxide dismutase (P = 0·02), glutathione peroxidase (P = 0·006) and catalase (P < 0·001) were significantly reduced in the curcumin group, while no significant change was observed in the placebo group. Curcumin supplementation was also associated with significant reductions in measures of pruritus severity including the pruritus score (P < 0·001), VAS score (P < 0·001), overall (P < 0·001) and objective SCORAD (P = 0·009), and DLQI's first question (P < 0·001). None of these measures was significantly changed in the placebo group. As for the QoL, although DLQI scores decreased in both groups (P < 0·001 and P = 0·003 in the curcumin and placebo groups, respectively), the magnitude of reduction was significantly greater in the curcumin group (P < 0·001). In conclusion, curcumin may be regarded as a natural, safe, widely available and inexpensive treatment for the management of SM-induced chronic pruritus.
Oxidative damage and inflammation have been pointed out in preclinical studies as the root cause of cancer and other chronic diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, Alzheimer’s disease, etc. Epidemiological and clinical studies have suggested that cancer could be prevented or significantly reduced by treatment with anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory drugs, therefore, curcumin, a principal component of turmeric (a curry spice) showing strong anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, might be a potential candidate for the prevention and/or treatment of cancer and other chronic diseases. However, curcumin, a highly pleiotropic molecule with an excellent safety profile targeting multiple diseases with strong evidence on the molecular level, could not achieve its optimum therapeutic outcome in past clinical trials, largely due to its low solubility and poor bioavailability. Curcumin can be developed as a therapeutic drug through improvement in formulation properties or delivery systems, enabling its enhanced absorption and cellular uptake. This review mainly focuses on the anti-inflammatory potential of curcumin and recent developments in dosage form and nanoparticulate delivery systems with the possibilities of therapeutic application of curcumin for the prevention and/or treatment of cancer.
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of plant superoxide dismutase extract (GliSODin) supplementation on the balance of oxidants and antioxidants in the serum and erythrocytes of competitive rowers. The double-blinded study included 19 members of the Polish rowing team who were participating in a preparatory camp. Subjects were randomly assigned to the supplemented group (n = 10), who received 2 capsules (500 mg) of GliSODin extract once daily for 6 weeks, or the placebo group (n = 9). At the beginning and end of the study, subjects performed a 2,000-m maximum-effort test on a rowing ergometer. Blood samples were taken from the antecubital vein before each exercise test, 1 min after completing the test, and after a 24-hr restitution period. The following redox parameters were assessed in erythrocytes: superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, glutathione peroxidase activity, and concentrations of thiobarbituric-acid-reactive substances. In addition, creatine kinase activity and total antioxidant capacity were measured in plasma samples, lactate levels were determined in capillary blood samples, and C-reactive protein and lactate dehydrogenase concentrations were measured in serum. After supplementation, SOD activity was significantly higher (p = .0037) in the supplemented group than the placebo group, and C-reactive protein was significantly (p = .00001) lower in athletes receiving GliSODin than those in the placebo group. In conclusion, supplementation with an extract rich in SOD activity promoted antioxidant status and protected against increased inflammation in the serum of professional rowers but had no effect on oxidative damage induced by exhaustive exercise.
Curcumin (diferuloylmethane), an orange-yellow component of turmeric or curry powder, is a polyphenol natural product isolated from the rhizome of the plant Curcuma longa. For centuries, curcumin has been used in some medicinal preparation or used as a food-coloring agent. In recent years, extensive in vitro and in vivo studies suggested curcumin has anticancer, antiviral, antiarthritic, anti-amyloid, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. The underlying mechanisms of these effects are diverse and appear to involve the regulation of various molecular targets, including transcription factors (such as nuclear factor-kB), growth factors (such as vascular endothelial cell growth factor), inflammatory cytokines (such as tumor necrosis factor, interleukin 1 and interleukin 6), protein kinases (such as mammalian target of rapamycin, mitogen-activated protein kinases, and Akt) and other enzymes (such as cyclooxygenase 2 and 5 lipoxygenase). Thus, due to its efficacy and regulation of multiple targets, as well as its safety for human use, curcumin has received considerable interest as a potential therapeutic agent for the prevention and/or treatment of various malignant diseases, arthritis, allergies, Alzheimer's disease, and other inflammatory illnesses. This review summarizes various in vitro and in vivo pharmacological aspects of curcumin as well as the underlying action mechanisms. The recently identified molecular targets and signaling pathways modulated by curcumin are also discussed here.
Abstract The current understanding of the complex role of ROS in the organism and pathological sequelae of oxidative stress points to the necessity of comprehensive studies of antioxidant reactivities and interactions with cellular constituents. Studies of antioxidants performed within the COST B-35 action has concerned the search for new natural antioxidants, synthesis of new antioxidant compounds and evaluation and elucidation of mechanisms of action of both natural and synthetic antioxidants. Representative studies presented in the review concern antioxidant properties of various kinds of tea, the search for new antioxidants of herbal origin, modification of tocopherols and their use in combination with selenium and properties of two promising groups of synthetic antioxidants: derivatives of stobadine and derivatives of 1,4-dihydropyridine.
Food additives are substances used for technological purposes, such as preservation, sweetening, or coloring, during the production of food. The requirements for the risk assessment of food additives are described in a recent guidance document of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). According to this guidance, a tiered approach which balances toxicity data requirements against the risk is applicable for the risk assessment of food additives. The approach was established to evaluate the following core areas: toxicokinetics, genotoxicity, toxicity (encompassing subchronic toxicity, chronic toxicity, and carcinogenicity), and reproductive and developmental toxicity. Additional studies on other toxicological endpoints may be required on a case-by-case basis. The approach consists of three tiers. It provides guidance to applicants in designing their toxicity testing strategy in which the decision on the requirement for further testing can be based on the results of certain initial studies. While maintaining the high level of consumer safety, the application of this tiered approach could result in a smaller number of animal tests or more refined animal studies, compared to the requirements applied before, and thus benefit animal welfare. This chapter provides the legal background and delineates the principles and requirements for the risk assessment of food additives based on the EFSA guidance for submission for food additive evaluations.
ABSTRACT Oxidative stress is implicated in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. Curcuminoids are natural polyphenols with strong antioxidant capacity and may thus be helpful in the treatment of osteoarthritis. The present randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial investigated the efficacy of curcuminoids in reducing systemic oxidative burden in patients suffering from knee osteoarthritis. Forty patients with mild-to-moderate primary knee osteoarthritis were given curcuminoid capsules (1500 mg/day in 3 divided doses; n = 19) or matched placebo capsules (n = 21) for a period of 6 weeks. Curcuminoids were co-administered with piperine (15 mg/day) in order to improve the bioavailability. Serum activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and concentrations of reduced glutathione (GSH) and malonedialdehyde (MDA) were determined spectrophotometrically at baseline and at the end of the treatment period in both groups. Serum activities of SOD as well as GSH and MDA concentrations were comparable between the study groups at baseline (p > 0.05). There was a significant elevation in serum SOD activities (mean change: 2.94 ± 3.73 vs. -0.38 ± 1.33; p < 0.001), a borderline significant elevation in GSH concentrations (mean change: 1.39 ± 2.78 vs. -0.02 ± 1.62; p = 0.064) and a significant reduction in MDA concentrations (mean change: -5.26 ± 4.46 vs. -2.49 ± 3.81; p = 0.044) in the curcuminoids compared with the placebo group. Changes in serum activities of SOD and concentrations of GSH and MDA during the course of trial were significantly correlated. Short-term supplementation with curcuminoids attenuates systemic oxidative stress in patients with osteoarthritis. These antioxidant effects may account for the reported therapeutic effects of curcuminoids in relieving osteoarthritis symptoms.
Curcumin in turmeric from rhizome of plant Curcuma longa was investigated on its anti-inflammatory effect with canine cutaneous mastocytoma mast cells. Though the degranulation induced by neuropeptide substance P, specific mast cell secregtagogue Compound 48/80 and immunoglobulin IgG were reached above 10%, curcumin reduced the release below 4.6% at 10 mu M without cytotoxicity. Inhibitory effect of curcumin on [Ca2+]i elevation was also confirmed. ROS induced by Compound 48/80 were evaluated with dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA), and were lowered by curcumin in dose dependent manner. Cell membrane lipid peroxidation was monitored with diphenyl-1-pyrenylphosphine (DPPP). Curcumin decreased cell membrane lipid peroxidation induced by arachidonic acid in the concentration above 0.01 mu M. Curcumin also inhibited the protein tyrosine- and threonine-phosphorylations around 33 and 45 kDa, respectively. Taking these findings into consideration with the inhibitory effects on connective tissue type mast cell, there is a potential use to ameliorate inflammation-related chronic diseases.
Oxidative stress plays a key role in the development of chronic pulmonary complications of sulfur mustard (SM). Curcuminoids are polyphenols with documented safety and antioxidant activity. The present study aimed to investigate the efficacy of short-term supplementation with curcuminoids (co-administered with piperine to enhance the bioavailability of curcuminoids) in alleviating systemic oxidative stress and clinical symptoms, and improvement of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in subjects suffering from chronic pulmonary complications due to SM exposure who are receiving standard respiratory treatments. Eighty-nine subjects were recruited to this randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial, being randomly allocated to either curcuminoids (1500 mg/day) + piperine (15 mg/day) combination (n = 45) or placebo (n = 44) for a period of 4 weeks. High-resolution computed tomography suggested the diagnosis of bronchiolitis obliterans in all subjects. Efficacy measures were changes in serum levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and malonedialdehyde (MDA). The severity and frequency of respiratory symptoms and HRQoL were also assessed using St. George respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) and COPD Assessment Test (CAT) indices. Serum levels of GSH were increased whilst those of MDA decreased by the end of trial in both groups. Likewise, there were significant improvements in the total as well as subscale (symptoms, activity and impact) SGRQ and CAT scores in both groups. However, comparison of magnitude of changes revealed a greater effect of curcuminoids-piperine combination compared to placebo in elevating GSH, reducing MDA and improving CAT and SGRQ (total and subscale) scores (p < 0.001). Regarding the promising effects of curcuminoids on the measures of systemic oxidative stress, clinical symptoms and HRQoL, these phytochemicals may be used as safe adjuvants in patients suffering from chronic SM-induced pulmonary complications who are receiving standard treatments.
Current medications have limited efficacy in controlling the symptoms of major depressive disorder (MDD), and are associated with several adverse events on long-term use. Curcuminoids are extremely safe and multifunctional phytopharmaceuticals that have been shown to alleviate depressive symptoms in a variety of experimental models. The present study aimed to investigate the efficacy of curcuminoids as an add-on to standard antidepressants in patients with MDD. One hundred and eleven subjects were assigned to standard antidepressive therapy plus curcuminoids–piperine combination (1000–10 mg/day; n = 61) or standard antidepressive therapy alone (n = 50) for a period of 6 weeks. Efficacy measures were changes in the psychological status on the basis of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II). The BDI-II and HADS total and subscale scores were reduced by the end of trial in both study groups. There were significantly greater reductions in total HADS score and subscales of anxiety and depression in the curcuminoids versus control group (p < 0.001). Likewise, reductions in BDI-II total score and scores of somatic and cognitive subscales were found to be greater in the curcuminoids compared with control group (p < 0.001). Co-administration of curcuminoids with piperine may be used as a safe and effective add-on to standard antidepressants in patients with MDD. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Background
Dyslipidaemia is an established feature of metabolic syndrome (MS) that is associated with an increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Curcuminoids are natural products with anti-atherosclerotic and lipid-modifying effects but their efficacy in patients with MS has not yet been tested.
Objective
To investigate the effects of bioavailability-enhanced curcuminoids, as adjunctive to standard of care, on serum lipid concentrations in patients with MS.
Methods
Patients diagnosed with MS according to the NCEP-ATPIII criteria who were receiving standard of care were assigned to either curcuminoids (C3 complex®; 1000 mg/day; n = 50) or placebo (n = 50; matched with drug capsules in shape and color) for 8 weeks. In order to improve the oral bioavailability, curcuminoids were co-administered with piperine (bioperine®) in a ratio of 100:1. Serum concentrations of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides, small dense LDL (sdLDL), lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)], and non-HDL-C were determined at baseline and at the end of 8-week treatment period.
Results
Curcuminoids were more effective than placebo in reducing serum LDL-C, non-HDL-C, total cholesterol, triglycerides and Lp(a), and elevating HDL-C concentrations. However, changes in serum sdLDL levels were found to be comparable between the study groups. The effects of curcuminoids on triglycerides, non-HDL-C, total cholesterol and Lp(a) remained significant after adjustment for baseline values of lipids and body mass index.
Conclusion
Curcuminoids-piperine combination is an efficacious adjunctive therapy in patients with MS and can modify serum lipid concentrations beyond what is achieved with standard of care.
Treatment of osteoarthritis (OA) is challenging owing to the inefficacy and long-term adverse events of currently available medications including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Curcuminoids are polyphenolic phytochemicals with established anti-inflammatory properties and protective effects on chondrocytes. The aim of this study is to investigate the clinical efficacy of curcuminoids in patients suffering from knee OA. A pilot randomized double-blind placebo-control parallel-group clinical trial was conducted among patients with mild-to-moderate knee OA. Patients were assigned to curcuminoids (1500 mg/day in 3 divided doses; n = 19) or matched placebo (n = 21) for 6 weeks. Efficacy measures were changes in Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), visual analogue scale (VAS) and Lequesne's pain functional index (LPFI) scores during the study. There was no significant difference in age, gender, body mass index, and VAS, WOMAC and LPFI scores between the study groups at baseline (p > 0.05). Treatment with curcuminoids was associated with significantly greater reductions in WOMAC (p = 0.001), VAS (p < 0.001) and LPFI (p = 0.013) scores compared with placebo. With respect to WOMAC subscales, there were significant improvements in the pain and physical function scores (p < 0.001) but not stiffness score (p > 0.05). There was no considerable adverse effect in both groups. To conclude, curcuminoids represent an effective and safe alternative treatment for OA. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High cost and toxicity, low success rate and patient incompliance associated with existing anticancer drugs necessitated for finding new anticancer drugs which can overcome the aforementioned drawbacks. Toward this direction effort has been made to understand the anticancer activity of curcumin (cur) and genistein (gen) combination in human prostate cancer cell line (PC3) cells with respect to their antiangiogenic effect. Cur and gen has shown dose and time dependent decrease in cell viability, increase in apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G0 phase. These effects were more noticeable when cur (20 µM) and gen (100 μM) were used in combination. To understand antiangiogenic effect of this combination, expression of ARNT and HIF-1α was studied. Significant decline in expression of ARNT and HIF-1α protein level was seen in comparison to control group and their respective monotherapy treated groups. Cur and gen are shown to be effective in abrogating the VEGF production by evading ARNT and HIF-1α complex formation as proved by immunoprecipitation assay. Thus this combination seems to be promising toward cancer treatment.
Curcuminoids are bioactive polyphenolics with potent antiinflammatory properties. Although several lines of in vitro and preclinical evidence suggest potent anticancer effects of curcuminoids, clinical findings have not been conclusive. The present randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial aimed to evaluate the efficacy of curcuminoids as adjuvant therapy in cancer patients. Eighty subjects with solid tumors who were under standard chemotherapy regimens were randomly assigned to a bioavailability-boosted curcuminoids preparation (180 mg/day; n = 40) or matched placebo (n = 40) for a period of 8 weeks. Efficacy measures were changes in the health-related quality of life (QoL) score (evaluated using the University of Washington index) and serum levels of a panel of mediators implicated in systemic inflammation including interleukins 6 (IL-6) and 8 (IL-8), TNF-α, transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), substance P and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1). Curcuminoid supplementation was associated with a significantly greater improvement in QoL compared with placebo (p < 0.001). Consistently, the magnitude of reductions in TNF-α (p < 0.001), TGFβ (p < 0.001), IL-6 (p = 0.061), substance P (p = 0.005), hs-CRP (p < 0.001), CGRP (p < 0.001) and MCP-1 (p < 0.001) were all significantly greater in the curcuminoids versus placebo group. In contrast, the extent of reduction in serum IL-8 was significantly greater with placebo versus curcuminoids (p = 0.012). Quality of life variations were associated with changes in serum TGFβ levels in both correlation and regression analyses. Adjuvant therapy with a bioavailable curcuminoid preparation can significantly improve QoL and suppress systemic inflammation in patients with solid tumors who are under treatment with standard chemotherapy protocols. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A recent paper published by Um et al. in Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology provides interesting data supporting the idea that curcumin supplementation counteracts metabolic abnormalities induced by lipogenic diet [1]. Along with the reduction of hepatic fat accumulation, a particularly interesting finding of the mentioned study was the beneficial impact of curcumin on serum levels of lipids, evidenced by reduction of total cholesterol and triglycerides [1]. Surprisingly, the study did not report changes in serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) as a leading risk factor for atheroma formation and coronary artery disease. This letter intends to point to some recent findings which provide a strong mechanistic rationale for the effectiveness of curcumin in modulating circulating LDL-C levels. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
The present study investigated the impact of a bioavailability-enhanced preparation of curcuminoids on the biomarkers of systemic oxidative stress in patients with solid tumors receiving standard chemotherapy regimens. In a randomized double blind placebo-controlled trial, eighty subjects were allocated to bioavailability-enhanced curcuminoids (900 mg/day equivalent to 180 mg/day of curcuminoids; n = 40) or matched placebo (n = 40) for a period of 8 weeks. Serum activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) as well as concentrations of reduced glutathione (GSH) and thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) (as malondialdehyde equivalents) were evaluated at baseline and at the end of treatment period. Health-related quality of life (QoL) score was also calculated for each patient using the University of Washington index. Supplementation with curcuminoids was associated with a significantly greater elevation in the activities of SOD and CAT, and concentrations of GSH compared to the control group (p < 0.001). In contrast, serum TBARS were significantly reduced by curcuminoids (p < 0.001). Comparison of QoL scores also revealed a beneficial effect of curcuminoids versus placebo (p < 0.001). Likewise, the ratio of subjects with improved QoL at the end of study was significantly higher in the curcuminoids versus the placebo group (p = 0.003). Supplementation with bioavailability-enhanced curcuminoids in patients with solid tumors under concurrent chemotherapy is associated with a significant improvement of systemic oxidative stress and QoL.
Curcumin, or diferuloylmethane, is a crystalline compound which gives the East Asian spice turmeric its bright yellow color. The medicinal properties of this spice have been referenced in numerous countries and cultures throughout the world. Today, there is growing scientific evidence suggesting curcumin's utility in the treatment of chronic pain, inflammatory dermatoses, acceleration of wound closure, skin infections, as well as cosmetic ailments such as dyspigmentation. In addition, curcumin may have a protective role against various pollutants and cytotoxic agents, indicating that it may be beneficial in a mitigational or prophylaxis role. Although turmeric has been used for thousands of years in alternative medicine, curcumin has yet to emerge as a component of our mainstream dermatologic therapeutic armamentarium. Interestingly, curcumin provides an ideal alternative to current therapies because of its relative safety profile even at high doses. Although the advantageous properties of curcumin in medicine are well established, its therapeutic potential thus far has been limited because of its poor oral bioavailablity. Topical administration of curcumin can directly deliver it to the affected tissue making it useful in treating skin-related disorders. However, limitations still exist such as the cosmetically unpleasing bright yellow-orange color, its poor solubility, and its poor stability at a high pH. Here the current literature detailing the potential and current use of curcumin in dermatology is reviewed.
J Drugs Dermatol. 2013;12(10):1131-1137.
Background: Inflammation plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD). In this context, C-reactive protein (CRP) has been identified as a strong predictor and independent risk factor of CVD. Curcuminoids are multifunctional natural product with promising cardioprotective and anti-inflammatory properties. Curcuminoids have been suggested to lower circulating levels of CRP, but clinical findings have not been consistent. Objectives: To pool the published results of clinical trials on the impact of supplementation with curcuminoids on circulating levels of CRP. Methods: PubMed/MEDLINE and SCOPUS databases were searched for clinical trials reporting circulating CRP changes in individuals receiving curcuminoids. Effect sizes with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using a random-effects model. Inter-study heterogeneity was assessed using Cochran's Q and I(2) tests. Sensitivity analyses were conducted using leave-one-out method. Results: Six trials comprising 172 subjects in the curcuminoids group and 170 subjects in the placebo group fulfilled the eligibility criteria and included in the meta-analysis. Compared with placebo, supplementation with curcuminoids was associated with a significant reduction in circulating CRP levels (weighed mean difference: -6.44 mg/L; 95% CI: -10.77 - -2.11; p = 0.004). This significant effect was maintained in subgroups of trials that used bioavailability-improved preparations of curcuminoids and had supplementation duration of ≥4 weeks, but not in the subgroups without these characteristics. Conclusions: Supplementation with curcuminoids may reduce circulating CRP levels. This effect appears to depend on the bioavailability of curcuminoids preparations and also duration of supplementation. Future well-designed and long-term trials are warranted to verify this effect of curcuminoids. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Curcuminoids have potentially important functional qualities including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. In this randomized double-blind placebo-controlled cross-over trial, the effects of a curcuminoid supplement on serum pro-oxidant-antioxidant balance (PAB) and antibody titres to Hsp27 (anti-Hsp27) and oxLDL (anti-oxLDL) were investigated. Thirty obese individuals were randomized to receive either curcuminoids (1 g/day) or placebo for a period of 30 days. After a wash-out period of 2 weeks, subjects were crossed over to the alternate regimen for another 30 days. Serum PAB along with anti-Hsp27 and anti-oxLDL titres was measured at the beginning and at the end of each study period. There was no significant carry-over effect for any of the assessed parameters. Curcuminoid supplementation was associated with a significant decrease in PAB (p = 0.044). However, no significant change was observed in serum concentrations of anti-Hsp27 or anti-oxLDL (p > 0.05). These findings suggest that oral curcuminoids supplementation (1g/day) is effective in reducing oxidative stress burden, though this needs to be validated in larger study populations. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Genetic factors can substantially contribute to the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). A missense Pro12Ala substitution in the PPARγ2 gene (rs1801282) has been studied in relation with NAFLD risk in different ethnic groups, but findings have been inconclusive. The aim of this was to evaluate the association between rs1801282 and NAFLD through meta-analysis of all relevant published evidence. A systematic search to find eligible studies was performed in Medline, HuGE Navigator, and SCOPUS databases. The strength of association was evaluated using odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals obtained from a random effect approach and under additive, dominant, co-dominant, recessive, and allelic contrast models. Seven studies comprising 1474 cases and 2259 controls met the eligibility criteria and included in the meta-analysis. Combined results did not indicate any predisposing or protective effect for rs1801282 under any of the assessed modes of inheritance. The rate of heterogeneity was generally high due to the inter-study variations in terms of age, gender, and ethnicity. Evidence from the current meta-analysis indicated that rs1801282 variants are not associated with NAFLD risk. Future large-scale studies are required to substantiate the present findings.
Endothelium-bound extracellular superoxide dismutase (eEC-SOD), a major antioxidative enzyme in the vasculature, is involved in anti-atherogenesis by inhibiting low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation. The objective was to investigate whether the polyphenol-rich juar tea had beneficial effects on LDL oxidation and eEC-SOD levels in patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS). A total of 20 men with MetS participated in a randomized cross-over trial, comparing consumption of five cups/day of juar tea with that of a polyphenol-poor tea, barley tea, for 4 weeks. Although there was no change in LDL oxidizability after consumption of either tea, juar tea significantly increased eEC-SOD levels by 16% (p < 0.05), whereas barley tea significantly decreased levels by 15% (p < 0.05). It is noteworthy that the changes in eEC-SOD were positively associated with those in LDL oxidizability after tea consumption (r (2) = 0.11, p < 0.05). Tea polyphenols may provide anti-atherosclerotic effects by inhibiting LDL oxidation through EC-SOD bound to the endothelium.
Curcumin (diferuloylmethane) is the yellow-orange pigment of dried Curcuma longa L. rhizomes (turmeric). During the past two decades, there has been a large volume of published studies describing the biological and pharmacological properties of this phytochemical including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antithrombotic, antiatherosclerotic, cardioprotective, neuroprotective, memory enhancing, antiparkinsonism, antirheumatic, anti-infectious, antiaging, antipsoriatic, and anticonvulsant activities. In addition, curcumin has been shown to be extremely safe and interact with multiple molecular targets that are involved in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome. Curcumin could favorably affect all leading components of metabolic syndrome including insulin resistance, obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, decreased HDL-C and hypertension, and prevent the deleterious complications of MetS including diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Owing to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, curcumin can also exert several pleiotropic effects and improve endothelial dysfunction, adipokine imbalances, and hyperuricemia which usually accompany MetS. Despite the potential tremendous benefit of this multifaceted phytopharmaceutical, no trial result has yet been publicized on this issue. This review seeks to briefly summarize the ample scientific evidence that supports the therapeutic efficacy of curcumin, at least as an adjunctive treatment, in patients with MetS. © 2012 BioFactors, 2013.
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a growing global public health problem for which standard therapeutic strategies have failed to contribute significantly to improve the survival rates that have remained around 50% over the past three decades. Therefore, there is a pressing need for new therapeutic strategies. Curcumin is a natural dietary compound with known anti-neoplastic activities, hence its classification as a nutraceutical agent. This review presents the current in vitro and in vivo studies in which curcumin has been examined for its anti-cancer potential in treating OSCC. Its mechanisms of action are also beginning to become unveiled. The available studies have been focusing on the impact of curcumin on epithelial malignant cells, but overlooking the components of the tumor microenvironment. Curcumin has been emerging as a promising therapeutic agent in oral cancer, either alone or in combination with standard therapeutic agents, and will probably become of practical use once its route of administration has overcome its poor bioavailability.
Background:
Chronic cutaneous complications such as pruritus are among the very frequent complaints of sulphur mustard (SM)-exposed patients. The present trial investigated the impact of curcumin on serum inflammatory biomarkers and their association with pruritus severity and quality of life (QoL).
Methods:
This was a randomized, double-blind trial among 96 male Iranian veterans (age 37-59 y) who were suffering from chronic SM-induced pruritic skin lesions. Patients were randomly assigned to curcumin (1 g/d, n = 46) or placebo (n = 50) for four weeks. Serum concentrations of interleukins 6 (IL-6) and 8 (IL-8) together with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) were measured at baseline and at the end of the trial. Assessment of pruritus severity was performed using the pruritus score and QoL using the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI).
Results:
Serum IL-8 and hs-CRP were significantly reduced in both groups but the magnitude of reduction was greater in the curcumin group (P < 0.001). Serum CGRP was only decreased in the curcumin group (P < 0.001). No significant change was observed in serum IL-6. There were significant correlations between CGRP and IL-6 changes (P = 0.011) and between DLQI and IL-8 changes (P = 0.026) in the curcumin group. In the curcumin group, changes in serum IL-8 concentrations were found as the significant predictor of DLQI scores (P = 0.026) but none of the independent variables could predict pruritus scores.
Conclusions:
Curcumin supplementation effectively mitigates inflammation in patients suffering from chronic SM-induced cutaneous complications. This anti-inflammatory effect might account for the observed pruritus alleviation and QoL improvement by this phytochemical.
The aims of this study were to examine the anti-inflammatory effect of curcumin on concanavalin A (ConA) induced hepatitis in mice, and to elucidate its underlying molecular mechanisms. Mice received curcumin by gavage before ConA intravenous administration. The results showed that curcumin pretreatment attenuated ConA-induced hepatitis. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) results showed that serum levels of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) increased at 4 h and reached its peak value at 12 h after challenge with ConA; but this increase was significantly inhibited by curcumin. Furthermore, curcumin significantly decreased the HMGB1 translocation from nucleus to cytoplasm of hepatocytes in ConA-induced mice. The levels of HMGB1 mRNA and protein expression in the liver were also significantly lowered in curcumin-treated mice. In addition, curcumin inhibited intrahepatic expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 protein. In conclusion, the results indicated that curcumin protected against ConA-induced hepatitis in mice; and the beneficial effects may be partly through inhibition of HMGB1 translocation in hepatocytes, release into the plasma and expression in livers.
Curcumin is a major component of Curcuma species, which is commonly used as a yellow coloring and flavoring agent in foods. Curcumin has shown anti-carcinogenic activity in animals as indicated by its ability to block colon tumor initiation by azoxymethane and skin tumor promotion induced by phorbol ester TPA. Curcumin possesses anti-inflammatory activity and is a potent inhibitor of reactive oxygen-generating enzymes such as lipoxygenase/cyclooxygenase, xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase and inducible nitric oxide synthase. Curcumin is also a potent inhibitor of protein kinase C, EGF-receptor tyrosine kinase and IκB kinase. Subsequently, curcumin inhibits the activation of NFκB and the expressions of c-jun, c-fos, c-myc and iNOS. It is proposed that curcumin may suppress tumor promotion through blocking signal transduction pathways in the target cells. Curcumin was first biotransformed to dihydrocurcumin and tetrahydrocurcumin and that these compounds subsequently were converted to monoglucuronide conjugates. These results suggest that curcumin-glucuronide, dihydro-curcumin-glucuronide, tetrahydrocurcumin-glucuronide and tetrahydrocurcumin are major metabolites of curcumin in mice.
Introduction:
Curcumin, a dietary polyphenol found in the curry spice turmeric, possesses potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and an ability to modulate multiple targets implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic illness. Curcumin has shown therapeutic potential for neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD).
Areas covered:
This article highlights the background and epidemiological evidence of curcumin's health benefits and its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic profile. Curcumin's ability to counteract oxidative stress and inflammation and its capacity to modulate several molecular targets is reviewed. We highlight the neuroprotective properties of curcumin including pre-clinical evidence for its pharmacological effects in experimental models of AD and PD. The bioavailability and safety of curcumin, the development of semi-synthetic curcuminoids as well as novel formulations of curcumin are addressed.
Expert opinion:
Curcumin possesses therapeutic potential in the amelioration of a host of neurodegenerative ailments as evidenced by its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-protein aggregation effects. However, issues such as limited bioavailability and a paucity of clinical studies examining its therapeutic effectiveness in illnesses such as AD and PD currently limit its therapeutic outreach. Considerable effort will be required to adapt curcumin as a neuroprotective agent to be used in the treatment of AD, PD and other neurodegenerative diseases.
Dyslipidemia is a leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease and is also a common feature of obesity. Curcumin is a bioactive phytochemical with well-known antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cardioprotective properties. The present study investigated the hypolipidemic activity of curcumin in obese individuals. Participants (n = 30) were treated with curcuminoids (1 g/day), or placebo in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial. Serum concentrations of total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, together with anthropometric parameters and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein were measured before and after each treatment period. Anthropometric parameters including weight, BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference, arm circumference, and body fat remained statistically unchanged by the end of trial (p > 0.05). As for the lipid profile parameters, serum triglycerides were significantly reduced following curcumin supplementation (p = 0.009). However, curcuminoids were not found to affect serum levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (p > 0.05). In summary, the findings of the present study indicated that curcuminoid supplementation (1 g/day for 30 days) leads to a significant reduction in serum triglycerides concentrations but do not have a significant influence on other lipid profile parameters as well as body mass index and body fat. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Obesity is characterized as an increased BMI, which is associated with the increased risk of several common cancers, including colorectal, breast, endometrial, renal, esophageal, gallbladder, melanoma, multiple myeloma, leukemia, lymphoma and prostate cancer. The increased risk of obesity-related cancers could be mediated by insulin resistance, adipokines, obesity-related inflammatory cytokines, sex hormones, transcription factors and oxidative stress, which disrupt the balance between cell proliferation and apoptosis. The yellowish compound, curcumin (diferuloylmethane), is known to possess multifaceted pharmacological effects. The molecular mechanisms linking obesity to cancer risk, and how curcumin mediates anticancer and obesity activities, have not yet been publicized. Curcumin modulates multiple molecular targets and reverses insulin resistance as well as other symptoms that are associated with obesity-related cancers. In this study, we show that ample evidence exists to support recommendations that curcumin mediates multiple molecular pathways, and is considered to be of therapeutic value in the treatment and prevention of obesity-related cancers.
Curcumin, a naturally occurring polyphenolic compound from Curcuma longa, has long been used in folk medicine as an antiinflammatory remedy in Asian countries. Endometriosis is a chronic gynecological inflammatory disorder in which immune system deregulation may play a role in its initiation and progression. A number of mediators, including cell adhesion molecules such as intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1); proinflammatory cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6 and IL-8; and chemokines such as monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), play key roles in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. The aim of our study was to explore the effect of curcumin on the expression of these critical molecules in human ectopic endometriotic stromal cells isolated from women with endometriosis. Endometriotic stromal cells treated with curcumin showed marked suppression of TNF-α-induced mRNA expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1. Curcumin treatment also significantly decreased the TNF-α-induced cell surface and total protein expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, treatment of endometriotic stromal cells with curcumin markedly inhibited TNF-α-induced secretion of IL-6, IL-8 and MCP-1. Furthermore, curcumin inhibited the activation of transcription factor NF-κB, a key regulator of inflammation, in human endometriotic stromal cells. These findings suggest that curcumin may have potential therapeutic uses in the prevention and treatment of endometriosis.
1. Curcumin is the active ingredient of the dietary spice turmeric and has been consumed for medicinal purposes for thousands of years. Modern science has shown that curcumin modulates various signalling molecules, including inflammatory molecules, transcription factors, enzymes, protein kinases, protein reductases, carrier proteins, cell survival proteins, drug resistance proteins, adhesion molecules, growth factors, receptors, cell cycle regulatory proteins, chemokines, DNA, RNA and metal ions.
2. Because of this polyphenol’s potential to modulate multiple signalling molecules, it has been reported to possess pleiotropic activities. First demonstrated to have antibacterial activity in 1949, curcumin has since been shown to have anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, pro-apoptotic, chemopreventive, chemotherapeutic, antiproliferative, wound healing, antinociceptive, antiparasitic and antimalarial properties as well. Animal studies have suggested that curcumin may be active against a wide range of human diseases, including diabetes, obesity, neurological and psychiatric disorders and cancer, as well as chronic illnesses affecting the eyes, lungs, liver, kidneys and gastrointestinal and cardiovascular systems.
3. Although many clinical trials evaluating the safety and efficacy of curcumin against human ailments have already been completed, others are still ongoing. Moreover, curcumin is used as a supplement in several countries, including India, Japan, the US, Thailand, China, Korea, Turkey, South Africa, Nepal and Pakistan. Although inexpensive, apparently well tolerated and potentially active, curcumin has not been approved for the treatment of any human disease.
4. In the present article, we discuss the discovery and key biological activities of curcumin, with a particular emphasis on its activities at the molecular and cellular levels, as well as in animals and humans.
Pharmacological control of interleukin-12 production may be a key therapeutic strategy for modulating immunological diseases dominated by type-1 cytokine responses. In this study we investigated the effects of curcumin (1,7-bis[4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl]-1, 6-heptadiene-3,5-dione) on the production of interleukin-12 from mouse macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide. Curcumin potently inhibited the production of interleukin-12 in a dose-dependent manner. The effect of curcumin on interleukin-12 p40 promoter activation was analyzed by transfecting RAW264.7 monocytic cells with p40 promoter/reporter constructs. The repressive effect mapped to a region in the p40 promoter containing a binding site for nuclear factor kappaB (p40-kappaB). Furthermore, activation of macrophages by lipopolysaccharide resulted in markedly enhanced binding activity to the kappaB site, which significantly decreased upon addition of curcumin. These results suggest that curcumin-induced inhibition of interleukin-12 production in macrophages may explain some of the biological effects of curcumin including its anti-inflammatory activity.
The relative absorption of a standardized curcuminoid mixture and its corresponding lecithin formulation (Meriva) was investigated in a randomized, double-blind, crossover human study. Clinically validated dosages were used for both products, and plasma levels of all three major curcuminoids [curcumin (1a), demethoxycurcumin (1b), and bisdemethoxycurcumin (1c)] were evaluated. Total curcuminoid absorption was about 29-fold higher for Meriva than for its corresponding unformulated curcuminoid mixture, but only phase-2 metabolites could be detected, and plasma concentrations were still significantly lower than those required for the inhibition of most anti-inflammatory targets of curcumin. Remarkably, phospholipid formulation increased the absorption of demethoxylated curcuminoids much more than that of curcumin (1a), with significant differences in plasma curcuminoid profile between Meriva and its corresponding unformulated curcuminoid mixture. Thus, the major plasma curcuminoid after administration of Meriva was not curcumin (1a), but demethoxycurcumin (1b), a more potent analogue in many in vitro anti-inflammatory assays. The improved absorption, and possibly also a better plasma curcuminoid profile, might underlie the clinical efficacy of Meriva at doses significantly lower than unformulated curcuminoid mixtures.