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How useful is the determination of HDL-cholesterol?[WIE SINNVOLL IST DIE HDL-CHOLESTERINBESTIMMUNG?]
Abstract
The importance of HDL-cholesterol determination for assessing the risk of coronary heart disease in individual cases is discussed on the basis of precision and specificity studies of the most commonly used precipitation method and the results obtained by this method in epidemiological and clinical studies. The lack of precision and the poorly defined specificity of this method make it difficult to evaluate the clinical and epidemiological data. Diagnoses which are often not quite clear and the fact that differences in the HDL-cholesterol concentrations are only slight between patients with coronary heart disease and healthy controls, as well as the low ability of any given HDL-cholesterol marginal value to distinguish between risk and non-risk probands in a group, make it impossible to recommend the labor-intensive and very expensive HDL-cholesterol determination test for screening purposes. The assumption that the HDL-cholesterol concentration is of greater value than the LDL-cholesterol level in assessing the risk for coronary artery disease is based on the study of a group of relatively old probands over 50 yr of age) which was followed for only four years. Similar results for younger groups do not exist. For this reason and also because of the different determination methods, the marginal HDL-cholesterol values applicable to this group only to a limited extent cannot be generalized for the Federal Republic of Germany. In our opinion, distinct guidelines for the isolated evaluation of HDL-cholesterol concentrations in the individual case can only be established when it is known on which lipoproteins of the heterogenous HDL class the assumed protective effect is based, and by which method they can be precisely measured. For this purpose, extensive prospective studies and clinical studies are required in which the plasma lipoproteins of definitely diagnosed collectives should be measured as precisely as possible by as many different methods as possible. As far as quality control of some of the methods is concerned, this has been greatly facilitated, and in part only become possible through commercial kits and the use of a control serum for human lipoproteins.
... Serum total cholesterol was determined using enzymatic kit according to the method reported by Stein, (1986).Triglycerides in serum were determined using enzymatic kit according to method reported by (Scheletter and Nussel, 1975). HDL-C was determined according to Wieland and Seidel (1981) after separation of HDL-c and determination of cholesterol bound to these fraction. LDL-c was determined according to Frunchart, (1982), after separation of LDLc and determination of cholesterol bound to this fraction. ...
In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden verschiedene Präzipitationsverfahren zur HD L-Cholesterinbestimmung untersucht. Verglichen sind ein selbst hergestelltes Reagenz (1). zwei handelsübliche Testkombinationen und die präparative Ultrazentrifuge als Referenzmethode. Die verschiedenen Methoden wurden sowohl an einem Kollektiv normolipämischer als auch an Kollektiven hyperlipämischer Patientenseren verglichen. Zwei Methoden wurden in ihren Ergebnissen mit der Ultrazentrifugation verglichen. Es erfolgten Einteilungen der Patienten in Risikogruppen nach verschiedenen Risikoindices. Die beiden Testkombinationen für HOL - Cholesterin sowie das Fällungsreagenz nach Abraham et al. (1) ergaben sehr gute Korrelationen Der Vergleich der Fällungsmethoden mit der Ultrazentrifuge zeigte gute Korrelationen. Die Ergebnisse der Methoden zeigten sowohl bei normo- als auch bei hyperlipämischen Patientenseren gute Übereinstimmungen. Bei Triglyzeridwerten über 460mgl dl ist die Fällungsreaktion mit allen Fällungsreagenzien gestört; in diesen Fällen sind Maßnahmen wie Ultrafiltration. Ultrazentrifugation oder Verdünnung indiziert, um korrekte Ergebnisse zu erzielen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß zwei handelsübliche HDL-Cholesterin-Fällungsmittel vergleichbare HD L-Werte ergeben. Die Aussagen der HD L -Werte bezüglich des Risikos einer Herzkranzgefäßerkrankung sind somit vergleichbar. Es konnte dargestellt werden, daß verschiedene Risikoindices erhebliche Unterschiede hinsichtlich eines bestehenden atherogenen Risikos ergaben.
The current study evaluated the effects of ambergris on some endocrine hormones, serum lipids, body weights and appetite. A total forty subjects were recruited to receive randomly 415 mg /day of either ambergris (Am; n=20) or placebo (PL; = 20) for 4 weeks. Blood samples were used for the assessments of serum lipids, testosterone, estradiol, growth hormone (GH), prolactin, insulin, thyroxin (T4), and cortisol. Data show significant increase in testosterone, estradiol, prolactin, insulin, cortisol, thyroxin (T4) levels and body weights after ambergris dosing only while growth hormone showed non-significant changes in both groups. A significant increase in total cholesterol (Tc), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc) while significant decrease in triglycerides (TGs) levels in ambergris group were observed. We conclude that ambergris ingestion resulted in; increase of both sexual desire and body weights due to its effect on some endocrine hormones.
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