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Quantitative determination of some phytochemicals (phenol, flavonoid, saponin and alkaloid) in twenty-two Nigerian medicinal plants

  • January 2014
Authors:
Akpovwehwee Akporhuarho Anigboro
Akpovwehwee Akporhuarho Anigboro
Onakurhefe
Onakurhefe
Onakurhefe
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Nyerhovwo John Tonukari at Delta State University, Abraka
Nyerhovwo John Tonukari
Oghenetega Jonathan Avwioroko at Redeemer's University
Oghenetega Jonathan Avwioroko
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Abstract

Phytochemical screening of twenty-two (22) selected Nigerian medicinal plants were investigated. The plants include: Solenostemon monostychyus (P. Beauv.), Senna occidentalis (L.), Boerhaeria diffusa (L.), Phyllanthus amarus (Schum et Thonn), Alstonia congensis (De Wild), Acalypha wilkesiana (Mull. Arg.), Costus afer (Ker.), Asphilia africana (Pers.), Tridax procumbens (L.), Icacina tricantha (Oliv.), Psidium guajava (L.), Chenpodium species (L.), Azadirachta indica (Juss.), Mormordica charantia (L.), Calopogonium mucunoides (Vent.), Dalbergiella welwitschii (Bak.), Sida acuta (Burm.), Sphenocentrum jollyanum (Pierre), Newbouldia laevis (P. Beauv.), Cymbopogon citrates (D.C.), Citrus limon (L.) and Vernonia amygdalina (L.). The results of the qualitative analysis of these plants show that fifteen of the plants contained all the parameters analyzed in varying proportions. The percentage amount of saponin ranges from 0%w/v in B. diffusa to 5%w/v in A. wilkesiana; that of alkaloid ranges from 0%w/v in A. wilkesiana to 1.03%w/v in A. indica; while phenol (1.14%w/v) and flavonoid (1.34%w/v) were highest in D. welwitchi. It could be concluded that most Nigerian medicinal plants that are exploited traditionally for treatment of different ailments contain well known and studied phytochemicals such as flavonoid, phenol, saponin and alkaloid. The findings also indicate that flavonoid and phenol are present in D. welwitchi crude aqueous extract which have not been previously reported in literature.
Anigboro et al (2014), Avwioroko, Tonukari, Medicinal plan
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Anigboro et al (2014), Avwioroko, Tonukari, Medicinal plan
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Anigboro et al (2014), Avwioroko, Tonukari, Medicinal plan
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... To circumvent the side effects of these drugs, the use of medicinal plants' extracts or green-synthesized therapeutic agents like nanoparticles, has been proposed for effective and efficient management of type 2 diabetes with very minimal or no side effects. Vernonia amygdalina [9][10][11] , Hibiscus sabdarriffa [12] , Brillantasia patula [13] , Polyalthia longifiola [14] etc have been reported to exhibit antidiabetic properties. Similarly, nanoparticles (NPs) with hypoglycermic effects such as zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized using Hibiscus sabdariffa leaf extract [15] , silver nanoparticles produced from Punica granatum leaves [16] , and quite recently, gold NPs synthesized using insulin plant Chamaecostus cuspidatus [17] have also been reported. ...
Investigation of the binding interaction of α-amylase with Chrysophyllum albidum seed extract and its silver nanoparticles: A multi-spectroscopic approach
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  • Aug 2020
The interactions between α-amylase, one of the key enzymes linked with postprandial glucose regulation, and Chrysophyllum albidum seed methanolic extract(CSME) and its green-synthesized silver nanoparticles(CSAgNP) were investigated using multiple spectroscopy including Fourier Transform-Infrared(FT-IR), ultraviolet(UV)-visible absorption, fluorescence spectroscopy, and biochemical analysis. FT-IR spectroscopy revealed presence of some functional groups in the samples. CSME and CSAgNP inhibited α-amylase. The intrinsic fluorescence intensity of α-amylase was quenched by CSME and CSAgNP via static mechanisms, indicating formation of complex between the enzyme and inhibitors. α-Amylase-CSAgNP complex had higher binding constants. The binding processes were exothermic, entropy driven, spontaneous, and involved hydrogen bonds and van der Waals force. Synchronous fluorescence quenching indicated alteration in microenvironment of α-amylase catalytic site tyrosine residues.FT-IR spectroscopy revealed shifts in amide I peak position of α-amylase due to interaction with CSME/CSAgNP. Absorption spectroscopy also affirmed changes in enzyme conformation. This study may provide theoretical basis for designing novel α-amylase inhibitors.
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... Plants are known to house a large group of phytochemical compounds, with more class being identified from time to time. Studies have showed that these compounds exhibit various medicinal functions (Anigboro et al. 2014). Flavonoids antioxidant properties are linked to their modulatory actions on autoxidation of lipids in cardiovascular disease and carcinogenesis (Atanu et al. 2018, Hezeena Begum andMuthukumaran 2014). ...
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Phytochemical constituents, antidiabetic and ameliorative effects of Polyalthia longifiola leaf extract in alloxan-induced diabetic rats
Article
Full-text available
  • Jul 2018
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