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Phytotaxa 197 (3): 197–206
www.mapress.com/phytotaxa/
Copyright © 2015 Magnolia Press Article PHYTOTAXA
ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition)
ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition)
Accepted by Thorsten Lumbsch: 31 Dec. 2014; published: 16 Feb. 2015
http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.197.3.3
197
Ten new species of corticolous pyrenocarpous lichens from NE Brazil
ANDRÉ APTROOT1, DANNYELLY SANTOS ANDRADE2, CLÉVERTON MENDONÇA2, EDVANEIDE
LEANDRO DE LIMA4 & MARCELA EUGENIA DA SILVA CÁCERES2, 3
1ABL Herbarium, G.v.d.Veenstraat 107, NL-3762 XK Soest, The Netherlands; email: andreaptroot@gmail.com
2Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, CEP: 49100-000, São Cristóvão, Sergipe,
Brazil.
3Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, CEP: 49500-000, Itabaiana, Sergipe, Brazil;
email: mscaceres@hotmail.com
4Departamento de Micologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, CEP: 50670-901, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil;
email: edvaneidell@hotmail.com
Abstract
Ten corticolous pyrenocarpous lichens are newly described from different forest biomes in NE Brazil. All were collected
in the past two years in Atlantic rain forest or Caatinga vegetation in Pernambuco or Sergipe. The following species are de-
scribed: Anisomeridium globosum, Pyrenula abditicarpa, P. albonigra, P. aurantiacorubra, P. celaticarpa, P. cinnabarina,
P. inspersicollaris, P. musaespora, P. rubrolateralis, and Thelenella lateralis.
Keywords: Atlantic rain forest, Anisomeridium, Caatinga, Pernambuco, Pyrenula, Sergipe, Thelenella
Introduction
In tropical forests, pyrenocarpous lichens are one of the dominant lichen groups, together with Ostropales and
Arthoniales. The forests of equatorial Brazil are exceptionally rich in corticolous pyrenocarpous species. Following
a recent surge in collecting activity, many new species have been published in the last two years (Aptroot et al. 2012;
Aptroot et al. 2013; Cáceres et al. 2013; Lima et al. 2013; Aptroot et al. 2014).
The renewed interest in pyrenocarpous lichens is partly a result of the many ecological studies carried out recently
for various Master’s dissertations in Northeastern Brazil, under the guidance of the last author, where every different li-
chen species on each investigated tree should be collected and ultimately named. It also helps that a world key (Aptroot
2012) was published for the largest genus, Pyrenula Ach. (Acharius 1814: 117). Still, numerous additional new species
were found in the past years, including yet more Pyrenula species and a variety of other pyrenocarpous lichens.
The purpose of this paper is to formally describe these new species, which names can subsequently be used in
ecological studies, but also serves to describe the biodiversity in different forest biomes in Brazil. The present paper
describes species found in Atlantic rain forests or in Caatinga. At the moment, most of the species described here are
only known from one specimen or locality. However, they are generally morphologically well characterized. There is
no doubt that most will be found on other locations, once they are described. Many of the species that were described
by us in the past two years from Brazil have already been found more often; several of them also in other states.
Even some species described from Rondônia, in the Brazilian Amazon, have been found in Sergipe and/or Pernam-
buco, which are areas thousands of kilometers apart and with a different vegetation, within one year after they were
described; some were even already found in other countries. Some of these species turned out to be locally common
and dozens of specimens are now known. The actual description actually facilitates their subsequent recognition in
other studies and is a strong argument in favour of describing characteristic species even though only one specimen
is known. Details about undescribed species are usually only known to one or a few people and accumulation of such
information until more specimens are known from every species is contra-productive.
APTROOT ET AL.
198 • Phytotaxa 197 (3) © 2015 Magnolia Press
Material and methods
Identification and descriptive work was carried out in Itabaiana, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, using a Leica EZ4
stereomicroscope and a Leica DM500 compound microscope, and also in Soest using an Olympus SZX7 stereomicroscope
and an Olympus BX50 compound microscope with interference contrast, connected to a Nikon Coolpix digital camera.
Sections were mounted in tap water, in which also all measurements were taken. Most specimens from this study are
mostly preserved in ISE, with duplicates in ABL. The chemistry of the type specimens was investigated by thin layer
chromatography (TLC) using solvent A (Orange et al. 2001).
The species
Anisomeridium globosum Aptroot, D.S. Andrade & M. Cáceres, sp. nov. (Fig. 1A–B)
Mycobank #811016
Corticolous Anisomeridium with thallus corticate, greyish green, ascospores 1-septate, 8–10.5 × 4.5–6 μm, septum distinctly submedian
so that the lumen of the lower cell is only about a quarter of the size from the upper cell.
Holotype:—BRAZIL. Sergipe: Capela, Refúgio de Vida Silvestre Mata do Junco; 10˚32’S, 37˚03’W; alt. 150 m; on
bark of tree; 11 February 2014, D.S. Andrade T2A20 (ISE; isotype: ABL).
Thallus thin, corticate, greyish green, shiny, surrounded by an irregular, c. 1 mm wide white prothallus zone. As-
comata almost globose, superficial in the bark but completely covered by a thin layer of thallus, 0.3–0.45 mm diam.,
single. Wall carbonized all around. Ostiole apical, black, protruding through the thallus. Hamathecium not inspersed
with oil droplets, filaments anastomosing above the asci. Asci cylindrical, 80–95 × 5.5–7.5 μm, with small ocular
chamber. Ascospores 8/ascus, hyaline, uniseriate, 1-septate, 8–10.5 × 4.5–6 μm, lower end pointed, upper end rounded,
septum distinctly submedian so that the lumen of the lower cell is only about a quarter of the size from the upper cell.
Pycnidia not observed. Chemistry: Thallus UV–; no substances detected with TLC.
Ecology and distribution:—On smooth bark in undisturbed Atlantic rain forest. Only known from Brazil.
Discussion:—In this genus there are only relatively few species known with a corticate thallus (Harris 1995;
Aptroot et al. 1997; Aptroot & Seaward 1999), and all have larger ascospores, and also differ in at least one other key
character.
FIGURE 1. Anisomeridium globosum (isotype ABL); A, habitus showing superficial ascomata; B, ascus. A: bar = 0.5 mm; B: bar = 10 μm.
PYRENOCARPOUS LICHENS Phytotaxa 197 (3) © 2015 Magnolia Press • 199
Pyrenula abditicarpa Aptroot & M. Cáceres, sp. nov. (Fig. 2A–B)
Mycobank #811017
Pyrenula with the ascomata 1–2 mm deep immersed in the bark underneath the thallus, ascospores distoseptate muriform, 7–9 × 3–7-
septate, 50–55 × 23–25 μm.
Holotype:—BRAZIL. Sergipe: Areia Branca, Parque Nacional Serra de Itabaiana; 10˚45’37”S, 37˚22’15”W; alt. c.
250 m; on bark of tree; 18 September 2013, M.E.S. Cáceres & A. Aptroot 18593 (ISE; isotype: ABL).
Thallus thin, corticate, olive brown, smooth, closely following the rough bark, without pseudocyphellae, without
prothallus. Ascomata 1–2 mm deep immersed in the bark underneath the thallus, pyriform, 0.6–0.8 mm diam., single.
Wall carbonized all around. Ostiole apical, pale brown, depressed. Hamathecium not inspersed with oil droplets. As-
cospores 8/ascus, irregularly biseriate, brown, distoseptate muriform, 7–9 × 3–7-septate, 50–55 × 23–25 μm, lumina
mostly rounded. Pycnidia not observed. Chemistry: Thallus UV–; no substances detected with TLC.
Ecology and distribution:—On smooth bark in undisturbed Atlantic rain forest. Only known from Brazil.
Discussion:—This species is characterized by the deeply immersed ascomata and the mid-sized muriform as-
cospores. It would key out in couplet 48 in key A in the world key (Aptroot 2012: 16).
FIGURE. 2. Pyrenula abditicarpa (isotype ABL); A, habitus showing depressed ostioles; B, ascospores; C–D, P. albonigra (isotype
ABL); C, habitus showing ascomata covered by thallus except for a wide black spot around the ostiole; D, ascospores. A & C: bar = 0.5
mm; B: bar = 20 μm; D: bar = 5 μm.
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200 • Phytotaxa 197 (3) © 2015 Magnolia Press
FIGURE 3 Pyrenula aurantiacorubra; A, field picture of a tree covered with the species in the field; B, ascospores showing the variation in size
even within a single ascus (isotype ABL); C, habitus showing brown, raised ascomata (isotype ABL); D–F, P. cinnabarina (isotype ABL); D, twig
covered with the species; E, habitus showing aggregated ascomata; F, ascospore. C & E: bar = 0.5 mm; D: bar = 1 cm; B & F: bar = 10 μm.
PYRENOCARPOUS LICHENS Phytotaxa 197 (3) © 2015 Magnolia Press • 201
Pyrenula albonigra Aptroot, D.S. Andrade & M. Cáceres, sp. nov. (Fig. 2C–D)
Mycobank #811018
Pyrenula with pale grey corticate thallus which also covers the ascomata except for a wide black ostiole, ascospores 3-septate, 17–20 ×
7–9 μm.
Holotype:—BRAZIL. Sergipe: Capela, Refúgio de Vida Silvestre Mata do Junco; 10˚32’S, 37˚03’W; alt. 150 m; on
bark of tree; 11 February 2014, D.S. Andrade T2A27 (ISE; isotype: ABL).
Thallus thin, corticate, mineral grey, somewhat glossy, without pseudocyphellae, surrounded by an up to 1 mm
wide black prothallus line. Ascomata superficial, hemispherical, 0.3–0.4 mm diam., single, covered by the thallus
except for a wide black spot around the ostiole. Wall carbonized all around. Ostiole apical, black. Hamathecium not
inspersed with oil droplets. Ascospores 8/ascus, brown, irregularly biseriate, 3-septate, 17–20 × 7–9 μm, lumina dia-
mond-shaped, separated from the wall by a thick layer of endospore. Pycnidia not observed. Chemistry: Thallus UV–;
no substances detected with TLC.
Ecology and distribution:—On smooth bark in undisturbed Atlantic rain forest. Only known from Brazil.
Discussion:—This species is characterized by the pale grey corticate thallus which also covers the ascomata ex-
cept for a strongly contrasting wide black spot around the ostiole.
Pyrenula aurantiacorubra Aptroot & M. Cáceres, sp. nov. (Fig. 3A–C)
Mycobank #811019
Pyrenula with orange red thallus, ascospores muriform, 3(–5) × 1–2-septate, 9–18 × 5–10 μm.
Holotype:—BRAZIL. Sergipe: Ribeirópolis, Serra do Machado; 10˚33’S, 37˚22’W; alt. c. 250 m; on bark of tree; 9
May 2014, M.E.S. Cáceres & A. Aptroot 21677 (ISE; isotype: ABL).
Thallus thin, somewhat granular, orange red mottled with some grey, without pseudocyphellae, without proth-
allus. Ascomata superficial, globose, 0.2–0.35 mm diam., single, distinctly brown, generally with orange with red
pruina. Wall barely carbonized. Ostiole apical, black. Hamathecium not inspersed. Ascospores 8/ascus, brown, ir-
regularly biseriate, muriform, 3(–5) × 1–2-septate, 9–18 × 5–10 μm, lumina mostly rounded. Pycnidia not observed.
Chemistry: Pigment K+ deep crimson, UV+ orange. TLC revealed several anthraquinones including 7-chloroemodin
as major compound, and one or more derivatives of it as minor compounds; the lower part of the TLC plate is streaked
with purple until as high as Rf 4.
Ecology and distribution:—On smooth bark in disturbed Atlantic rain forest. So far only known from Brazil.
Discussion:—This species is internally very similar to Pyrenula ochraceoflava (Nyl.) R.C. Harris (1989: 96). For
instance, it also shows a large variation in ascospore size, even within one ascus. However, its thallus is spectacularly
red orange, and it was already recognized in the field (fig. 3A) as a species new to science, which is no often possible.
Pyrenula ochraceoflava grows at the same location (collecting numbers 2149 & 21654), and clearly differs by the yel-
low orange thallus. These two species were co-chromatographed and P. ochraceoflava contains only 7-chloroemodin
as major compound, and one or more derivatives of it as minor compounds; no further anthraquinones. The purple
streak is never formed on the TLC plate.
Pyrenula celaticarpa Aptroot & M. Cáceres, sp. nov. (Fig. 4A–C)
Mycobank #811020
Pyrenula with deeply immersed ascomata with red ostioles, ascospores 3-septate, 21–24 × 10–11 μm.
Holotype:—BRAZIL. Sergipe: Areia Branca, Parque Nacional Serra de Itabaiana; 10˚45’37”S, 37˚22’15”W; alt. c.
250 m; on bark of tree; 18 September 2013, M.E.S. Cáceres & A. Aptroot 18593 (ISE; isotype: ABL).
Thallus rather thick (0.1–0.2 mm thick), corticate, olive green, minutely cracked throughout, without pseudo-
cyphellae, without prothallus. Ascomata 1–2 mm deep immersed in the bark underneath the thallus, pyriform, 0.6–0.9
mm diam., single. Wall carbonized all around. Ostiole apical, usually red brown to red, rarely pale brown or almost
black, flush to distinctly convex. Hamathecium inspersed with hyaline oil droplets. Ascospores 8/ascus, irregularly
biseriate, dark brown, 3-septate, 21–24 × 10–11 μm, lumina diamond-shaped, separated from the wall by a thick layer
APTROOT ET AL.
202 • Phytotaxa 197 (3) © 2015 Magnolia Press
of endospore, ends pointed, often slightly constricted at the septa. Pycnidia not observed. Chemistry: Ostiole K+ crim-
son, with unidentified anthraquinone (too little for TLC); thallus UV–, K+ orange brown, possibly due to traces of the
same anthraquinone.
Ecology and distribution:—On smooth bark in undisturbed Atlantic rain forest. Only known from Brazil.
FIGURE. 4. Pyrenula celaticarpa (isotype ABL); A, habitus showing convex, dark red to almost black ostioles; B–C, ascospores; D–E,
P. inspersicollaris (isotype ABL); D, ascospore; E, habitus showing a raised shared ostiole surrounded by immersed ascomata;. A, E: bar
= 0.5 mm; B: bar = 10 μm; C–D: bar = 5 μm.
Discussion:—This species is characterized by deeply immersed ascomata which are only visible by the ostioles,
which are bronw and convex when well developed. The orange brown reaction of the thallus is also unusual, although
positive K-reactions are present in more species, especially anthrquinone-containing species of the group around the
PYRENOCARPOUS LICHENS Phytotaxa 197 (3) © 2015 Magnolia Press • 203
type species, Pyrenula nitida (Weigel) Ach. (Acharius 1814: 125). There are so far only two other Pyrenula species
described with ostioles that contain anthraquinones, viz. P. rubrostoma R.C. Harris (Tucker & Harris 1980: 16) and
P. rubrostigma Aptroot & M. Cáceres (Aptroot et al. 2013: 190); both species have superficial, conical ascomata.
Pyrenula celaticarpa is closest to an undescribed species collected in Puerto Rico, which mainly differs by the absence
of inspersion and somewhat larger ascospores.
Pyrenula cinnabarina Aptroot, E.L. Lima & M. Cáceres, sp. nov. (Fig. 3D–F)
Mycobank #811021
Pyrenula with thallus dark carmine red, ascomata 5–30 fused sideways, hamathecium not inspersed, ascospores 3-septate, 12–15 × 6–7 μm.
Holotype:—BRAZIL. Pernambuco: Buíque, Parque Nacional Vale do Catimbau; alt. c. 880 m; on bark of tree;
August 2012, E.L. Lima 01794 (URM 86516; isotype: ABL).
Thallus thin, surface granular, dark carmine red, without pseudocyphellae, without prothallus. Ascomata superfi-
cial, globose, 0.2–0.35 mm diam., in groups of 5–30 fused sideways with clearly fused walls but with separate ostioles,
completely covered by thallus. Wall carbonized all around. Ostiole apical, pale, nearly whitish. Hamathecium not in-
spersed with oil droplets. Ascospores 8/ascus, brown, uniseriate, 3-septate, 12–15 × 6–7 μm, lumina mostly diamond-
shaped, separated from the wall by a thick layer of endospore. Pycnidia not observed. Chemistry: Thallus K+ crimson,
UV+ orange; TLC revealed an anthraquinone with pink colour at Rf 2.
Ecology and distribution:—On smooth bark in undisturbed Caatinga forest. Only known from Brazil.
Discussion:—This bright red species is very conspicuous already in the field. The type collection contins of few
branches that are fully covered by this species. It is close to Pyrenula reginae E.L. Lima, Aptroot & M. Cáceres (Lima
et al. 2013: 199), which grows in the same area, and mainly differs by the inspersed hamathecium.
Pyrenula inspersicollaris Aptroot & M. Cáceres, sp. nov. (Fig. 4D–E)
Mycobank #811022
Pyrenula similar to P. septicollaris, but differing by the inspersed hamathecium, ascospores 3-septate, 17–20 × 5.5–6.5 μm.
Holotype:—BRAZIL. Sergipe: Areia Branca, Parque Nacional Serra de Itabaiana, S slope; 10˚44’35”S, 37˚20’25”W;
alt. c. 400 m; on bark of tree; 10 May 2014, M.E.S. Cáceres & A. Aptroot 21754 (ISE; isotype: ABL).
Thallus thin, corticate, dark brown, somewhat glossy, without pseudocyphellae, without prothallus. Ascomata
emergent from the bark but fully covered by thallus, pyriform, 0.3–0.5 mm diam., usually 2–7 fused, without clearly
fused walls but with fused ostioles. Wall carbonized all around. Ostiole lateral. Hamathecium inspersed with hyaline
oil droplets. Ascospores 8/ascus, brown, irregularly biseriate, 3-septate, 17–20 × 5.5–6.5 μm, lumina mostly rounded,
separated from the wall by a thick layer of endospore. Pycnidia not observed. Chemistry: Thallus UV–; no substances
detected with TLC.
Ecology and distribution:—On smooth bark in undisturbed Atlantic rain forest. Only known from Brazil.
Discussion:—This species is close to the common pantropical species Pyrenula septicollaris (Eschw.) R.C. Har-
ris (1989: 101), which also grows in the same location, in most characters, but differs by the inspersed hamathecium.
Additional specimen examined:—BRAZIL. Sergipe: Parque Nacional Serra de Itabaiana, S slope; 10˚44’35”S,
37˚20’25”W; alt. c. 400 m; on bark of tree; 10 May 2014, M.E.S. Cáceres & A. Aptroot 21788 (ISE; ABL, topotypes).
Pyrenula musaespora Aptroot & M. Cáceres, sp. nov. (Fig. 5A–B)
Mycobank #811023
Pyrenula with thallus pale ochraceous, with lichexanthone, ascospores filiform, 3–5-septate, 30–37 × 3–4 μm.
Holotype:—BRAZIL. Sergipe: Santa Luzia do Itanhy, Mata do Crasto; 11˚22’S, 37˚25’W; alt. c. 10 m; on bark of
tree; 26 March 2014, M.E.S. Cáceres & A. Aptroot 18759 (ISE; isotype: ABL).
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FIGURE 5. Pyrenula musaespora (isotype ABL); A, habitus showing black ascomata emerging from ochraceous thallus; B, ascospore;
C–D, P. rubrolateralis (isotype ABL); C, habitus showing a red ostiole; D, ascospores; E–F, Thelenella lateralis (isotype ABL); E, habitus
showing white ostioles; F, ascospores. A, C & E: bar = 0.5 mm; B & F: bar = 10 μm; D: bar = 5 μm.
PYRENOCARPOUS LICHENS Phytotaxa 197 (3) © 2015 Magnolia Press • 205
Thallus thin, corticate, pale ochraceous, without pseudocyphellae, surrounded by a c. 0.5 mm wide black prothal-
lus line. Ascomata superficial on the bark, conical, 0.4–0.65 mm diam., single, mostly covered by thallus that is reveal-
ing the black ascomata in a rather irregular area around the ostiole. Wall carbonized all around. Ostiole apical, black.
Hamathecium inspersed with hyaline oil droplets. Ascospores 8/ascus, brown, in one bundle (all mostly overlapping),
filiform, 3–5-septate, 30–37 × 3–4 μm, lumina long elongated, separated from the wall by a relatively thick layer of
endospore, ends pointed. Pycnidia not observed. Chemistry: Thallus UV+ yellow; TLC: lichexanthone.
Ecology and distribution:—On smooth bark in undisturbed Atlantic rain forest. Only known from Brazil.
Discussion:—Filiform ascospores are rare in the genus Pyrenula, and there is only one species known with fili-
form ascospores that are also 3–5-septate, viz. P. melanophthalma (Mont.) Trevis. (Trevisan 1853: 17). This species
differs because the hamathecium is not inspersed and the thallus contains no anthraquinone. The new species has the
characteristic ochraceous thallus colour of crustose lichens that contain much lichexanthone in the cortex; it could
therefore already be recognized in the field as a probably undescribed species.
Additional specimen examined:—BRAZIL. Sergipe: Santa Luzia do Itanhy, Mata do Crasto; 11˚22’S, 37˚25’W;
alt. c. 10 m; on bark of tree; 26 March 2014, M.E.S. Cáceres & A. Aptroot 18808 (ISE; ABL, topotypes).
Pyrenula rubrolateralis Aptroot & M. Cáceres, sp. nov. (Fig. 5C–D)
Mycobank #811024
Pyrenula with eccentric red ostioles, ascospores 3-septate, 20–24 × 8–10 μm.
Holotype:—BRAZIL. Sergipe: Santa Luzia do Itanhy, Mata do Crasto; 11˚22’S, 37˚25’W; alt. c. 10 m; on bark of
tree; 26 March 2014, M.E.S. Cáceres & A. Aptroot 18783 (ISE; isotype: ABL).
Thallus rather thin (up to 0.1 mm thick), rather irregular in thickness, corticate, olive green, closely following
the cracks and fissures in the bark, without pseudocyphellae, surrounded by a c. 1 mm wide black prothallus line. As-
comata immersed in raised areas of the bark, almost completely covered by the thallus, pyriform, 0.6–0.9 mm diam.,
single. Wall carbonized all around. Ostiole eccentric, red brown to bright red, flush to distinctly convex. Hamathecium
not inspersed with oil droplets. Ascospores 8/ascus, irregularly biseriate, brown, 3-septate, 20–24 × 8–10 μm, lumina
mostly rounded to somewhat diamond-shaped, separated from the wall by a thick layer of endospore, ends pointed.
Pycnidia not observed. Chemistry: Ostiole K–; thallus UV–; no substances detected with TLC.
Ecology and distribution:—On smooth bark in undisturbed Atlantic rain forest. Only known from Brazil.
Discussion:—This species is characterized by the eccentric red ostioles. It would key out in couplet 31 in key B
in the world key (Aptroot 2012: 20). The closest species is the North American Pyrenula wetmorei R.C. Harris (1990:
69), which differs by the inspersed hamathecium and the Pyrgillus-like ascospores with black pigment bands obscur-
ing the septa.
Thelenella lateralis Aptroot & M. Cáceres, sp. nov. (Fig. 5E–F)
Mycobank #811025
Corticolous Thelenella with eccentric ostiole, ascospores irregularly muriform, 7–9 × 0–2 -septate, 27–32 × 9–10.5 μm.
Holotype:—BRAZIL. Sergipe: Aracaju, Parque da Cidade Governador José Rollemberg Leite; 10˚52’57”S,
37˚03’10”W; alt. c. 75 m; on bark of tree; 15 September 2013, M.E.S. Cáceres & A. Aptroot 18215 (ISE; isotype:
ABL).
Thallus thin, corticate, metallic grey, without pseudocyphellae, without prothallus. Ascomata immersed in the
bark, pyriform, 0.4–0.55 mm diam., single. Wall only carbonized above. Ostiole eccentric, dark grey. Hamathecium
not inspersed with oil droplets, filaments anastomosing. Ascus with ocular chamber. Ascospores 8/ascus, long el-
lipsoid-fusiform, hyaline, irregularly biseriate, irregularly muriform, 7–9 × 0–2 -septate, 27–32 × 9–10.5 μm, ends
rounded or lower end pointed. Pycnidia not observed. Chemistry: No substances detected.
Ecology and distribution:—On smooth bark in a remnant of Atlantic rain forest. Only known from Brazil.
Discussion:—This is the first species in the genus described with eccentric ostioles. It seems closest to Thelenella
paraguayensis Malme (1928: 5), which however has also larger ascospores (42–60 × 13–19 μm).
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Additional specimen examined:—BRAZIL. Sergipe: Aracaju, Parque da Cidade Governador José Rollemberg
Leite; 10˚52’57”S, 37˚03’10”W; alt. c. 75 m; on bark of tree; 15 September 2013, M.E.S. Cáceres & A. Aptroot 18217
(ISE; ABL, topotypes).
Acknowledgements
MESC thanks CNPq—Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, for a research grant (Processo
311706/2012-6) and for financial support to the collecting trips (INCT-Herbário Virtual Processo 573.883/2008-4
and Sisbiota Processo 563342/2010-2). CAPES—Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior is
thanked for Master’s scholarship to DSA and for a PhD grant to ELL. The Hugo de Vries-fonds is thanked for travel
support to AA. Leo Spier is thanked for performing thin-layer chromatography.
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