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Social Research Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches

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W. Lawrence Neuman at University of Wisconsin–Whitewater
W. Lawrence Neuman
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... Based on data obtained through https://sekolah.data.kemdikbud.go.id, the population in this study were students attending Muhammadiyah High School and Bumiputera Vocational School with a total of 1,180 students from both schools. Based on the approach (Neuman, 2014), the acceptable sample size is 10 percent if the population is in the range of 1180, so the minimum sample for this study is 119 students, but in this study, it was increased to 150 students from the two schools proportionally. ...
Do Teachers Still Teach Agriculture in Rural Areas? Students' Perceptions Towards Agricultural Material in School and Its Correlation with Students’ Interest in Farming in Rural Areas
Article
Full-text available
  • Oct 2024
Agriculture is facing a significant threat due to the declining interest of youth in entering the agricultural sector, which could impact the process of agrarian regeneration. The representation of agriculture in rural areas is also an important factor, as the image of agriculture can vary widely in these settings. Schools and Teachers play a crucial role in shaping the agricultural image among students. Given the importance of teachers in agricultural regeneration in rural areas, this study examines students' perceptions of the frequency and duration of agrarian messaging delivered by teachers in schools and how these messages impact students' interest in farming. This research was conducted in Ciasmara Village, Bogor Regency, as it is a major rice-growing center in the region. A total of 150 students from two high schools in Ciasmara Village were selected as respondents. The study found that students perceive the frequency and duration of agricultural messaging by teachers as relatively low, with such content being covered only in specific subjects like marketing, post-harvest, and plant pest management, which are related to other subjects such as biology and economics.
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... An interview topic guide (see supplementary file 1), comprising open-ended questions and follow up prompts [36], was developed, piloted and refined in consultation with clinicians and an individual with relevant lived experience. The guide covered four main areas: early pregnancy, later pregnancy, childbirth and their transition to parenthood. ...
Life after medicalised conception: an interpretative phenomenological analysis study exploring the experiences of pregnancy and transition to parenthood
Article
Full-text available
  • Feb 2025
Background Pregnancy resulting from Medicalised Conception (MAC) is increasingly prevalent. In-Vitro Fertilisation (IVF) is the most common type of treatment which has been linked to increased pregnancy-specific anxiety and different approaches to parenting. This study explored the experiences of pregnancy and the transition to parenthood in individuals who conceived via IVF, identifying how they coped with any psychological difficulties. Method Participants who successfully achieved pregnancy via IVF and had given birth to an infant aged 12 weeks to two years old, were interviewed. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed and analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Results Based on data from 12 British participants, three superordinate themes were identified: (1) The lasting imprint of IVF: unidentified and unmet psychological needs. The resultant loss, grief and powerlessness associated with the IVF treatment left individuals emotionally vulnerable entering pregnancy. The lasting impact of IVF was evident, influencing birth preferences and feeding choices. (2) The fragility of pregnancy: helpless and existing in a world of uncertainty. Pregnancy was often approached with caution and trepidation, leading to methods of self-protection, such as difficulties in believing the existence of the pregnancy. (3) The parental function of healthcare systems: needing an anchor and a sense of safety highlighted the pivotal role of health systems and their ability to perpetuate or alleviate distress. Conclusions The psychological vulnerability of parents after IVF needs to be considered throughout the perinatal period. Monitoring of psychological well-being and the implementation of specialist services and peer support for individuals who conceive via IVF are recommended.
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... Data acquisition was carried out via semi-structured interviews, a methodology especially well-suited for conducting case studies (Creswell 2013). The snowball sampling technique was used to expand the sample size by first selecting a few appropriate participants (Neuman 2014). This approach facilitated the recruitment of individuals involved in organizations, foundations, platforms, cooperatives, and municipal councils who expressed interest in the study. ...
Expectations, Conflict and Communication in a Regional Development Project: Investigating the Participation and Attitudes of Non-Governmental Organizations as Stakeholders in Turkey
Article
Full-text available
Studies indicate that stakeholder participation in sustainable development (SD) practices is insufficient. Despite this global observation, the national and contextual characteristics of this phenomenon have received little attention. Based on qualitative data from thirty non-governmental organizations (NGO) representatives, we investigate this issue in a case study of an ongoing mega-regional project in Filyos, Turkey. The results indicate that the type and dynamics of the relationship between the government and NGOs significantly shape expectations and attitudes. Economic considerations primarily determine the evaluation of cost-benefit analysis, and participants' opinion tends to favor local benefits above broader national welfare when there is a competing expectation violation. The views of NGOs vary widely depending on their political stance as supporters or opponents, their affiliation with the government, and whether they are environ-mentalists. We suggest that the implementation of sustainable development goals (SDGs) in state-run development projects may be inadequate without external laws and monitoring mechanisms.
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... The use of a descriptive research design was to provide a detailed and comprehensive overview of the vocational skills training to systematically describe and analyse the phenomenon under investigation, without manipulating variables or imposing preconceived theories (Creswell & Poth, 2017;Neuman, 2014). Given the exploratory nature of the topic, a phenomenological research design was a suitable approach for studying the experiences and perceptions of inmates and prison officers. ...
Reducing Recidivism through Vocational Skills Training in Selected Ghanaian Prisons
Article
Full-text available
  • Feb 2025
This study examines the role of vocational training programmes in Ghanaian prisons as a mechanism for rehabilitation, reintegration, and recidivism reduction. The study employs the rehabilitation theory, and the Routine Activity Theory in informing the discussion. Utilising the descriptive research design, the research investigates the scope, challenges, and effectiveness of vocational skills training programmes within Ankaful and Nsawam Prisons. The study had individuals who experienced working in the prisons and participated in vocational skills training as the target population. Using the purposive and convenient sampling methods, a total of 31 participants made up of prison officers, social welfare staff, ex-convicts, and inmates were sampled for the study. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews ensuring a comprehensive exploration of the research objectives. The interview data was analysed using the thematic approach to identify recurrent themes, patterns and insights. The findings reveal systemic inadequacies, including insufficient resources, outdated equipment, and a lack of skilled trainers, which undermine the potential of vocational training to achieve its rehabilitative goals. Disparities in programme implementation across facilities highlight significant gaps in uniformity and accessibility, while societal stigmatization further limits the reintegration of ex-offenders. The study concludes that vocational skill training holds promise as a rehabilitative tool though structural deficiencies and limited support constrain its impact. Recommendations include increasing budgetary allocations, modernizing training facilities and methodologies, and expanding programme scope.
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... Validity ensured the questionnaire measured what it intended, with expert review enhancing content accuracy (Straub & Boudreau, 2004). Reliability was assessed using Cronbach's Alpha, with 0.7 as the cutoff for acceptable consistency (Neuman, 2007;Mugenda & Mugenda, 2003). Data were processed using SPSS version 28, and analysis included Pearson Correlation Coefficient to determine relationships between variables (Kothari, 2004). ...
Green Supply Chain Management Practices and The Performance of Alcoholic Beverages Companies in Kenya.
Article
Full-text available
  • Feb 2025
Today’s business environment is characterized by increasing uncertainties. GSCM has emerged as an important new approach for enterprises to achieve profit and market share objectives by reducing environmental risk and impact. Now, more than ever, the world population is aware of the negative effects caused by environmental degradation. Key environmental concerns are dumping of hazardous wastes, the depletion of the ozone layer, and global warming. The primary goal of this study was to determine the influence of green supply chain practices on the performance of alcoholic beverages companies in Kenya. This research was based on the following objectives: green sourcing, eco-design, reverse logistics and waste stream management on the performance of alcoholic beverages companies in Kenya. The Resource-based view theory, theory of planned behavior, contingency management theory, waste management theory and supply chain operations reference model were studied and used as its theoretical foundations. The study employed a cross-sectional survey approach and mainly concentrated on the top five performing alcoholic beverages companies in Kenya namely East Africa Breweries Limited, Keroche Breweries, Kenya Wine Agencies, UDV Kenya Limited and London distillers limited. In order to meet the research objectives, the respondents were chosen at random from the highest level of management, the middle level of management, and the operational level of management. The head of department, head of subsection, and two clerks/assistants in each of these departments: production, procurement, logistics, and warehousing were employed as a unit of analysis across the five firms.The primary data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire that had both open and closed ended questions, designed to obtain definite responses. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS version 28) was used to analyze the data and present the variables through coding and summarizing the responses of all the respondents and the analyzed data was presented in form of tables. The study findings showed that green supply chain management practices namely green sourcing, eco-design, reverse logistics and waste stream management significantly influence the performance of alcoholic beverage companies in Kenya. The study concluded that performance was predicted to improve for every unit increase in these practices. The study further recommends that alcoholic beverage firms should prioritize suppliers that provide sustainable, and biodegradable materials. Some recommendations include through supplier evaluation and selection, collaboration and communication, transparency, consistency, and traceability. This will ensure improved green supply chain management and improve performance of alcoholic beverage companies.
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... By participating in the community, the researcher used a recorder as the primary instrument to gather data. Participant observation is the most natural method of collecting qualitative data since it connects the study to the most basic of human experiences (Neuman 2019). He also argues that using participant observation in research has an advantage because the researcher becomes part of the community, allowing for the natural production of data since the participants do not regard the researchers as intruders. ...
Reconceptualising Multilingualism on African Radio
Book
  • Feb 2025
This book redefines multilingualism via the concept of radio in Africa. Africa presents unique challenges of lingual diversity which the media still struggles to accommodate, particularly when it comes to indigenous languages. Contributors argue that the linguistic realities of African radio reflect ethnic co-existence and fluidity of identity in pre-colonial, colonial and post-colonial contexts. They argue that communities consist of several “majorized” and “minoritized” indigenous languages which, if closely analysed, reflect a commonality of multilingualism. The book also suggests practical measures through which linguistic co-existence could be achieved and explores cases that redefine, reconceptualize and reframe multilingualism on African radio
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Conclusion
Chapter
  • Feb 2025
Looking at China today, the authorities seems to have completely redeemed itself after crushing the pro-democracy movement in Tiananmen Square on that fateful day of June 4, 1989.
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Tarefas para o Ensino de Cálculo Diferencial e Integral: uma Revisão Sistemática da Literatura
Article
Full-text available
  • Jan 2025
Este artigo apresenta uma revisão sistemática das teses e dissertações brasileiras que usam tarefas no ensino de Cálculo Diferencial e Integral (CDI). O objetivo é identificar e analisar as contribuições dessas pesquisas, com foco na origem, palavras-chave, objetivos e conteúdos abordados, além de identificar lacunas para estudos futuros. O mapeamento foi feito nas bases BDTD e Catálogo de teses e Dissertações da CAPES. O corpus de análise totalizou 38 trabalhos. Os dados foram analisados usando a Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin. A análise revelou que a maioria dos estudos é realizada em instituições das regiões Sul e Sudeste; lacunas significativas na dimensão emocional e na formação de professores no ensino de Cálculo e; que as derivadas foram o tema mais estudado, enquanto os limites surgiram como uma preocupação devido às dificuldades dos alunos. As sugestões de pesquisa apontam direções promissoras para futuras investigações.
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Understanding the Complexity of the Causes of Student Activism in Higher Education Using the Case of Makerere University
Article
Full-text available
  • Jan 2025
This qualitative study examines the complexities and causes of student activism at Makerere University, Uganda, using Altbach’s theory of student activism as its guiding framework. A qualitative approach to research was used to collect data. The research involved 14 purposively sampled participants. Among these, were eight student leaders and six university administrators, who were interviewed to provide insights into the dynamics of student activism. Thematic analysis revealed key issues driving activism, such as demands for transparency, concerns over tuition increments, inadequate infrastructure, and limited academic freedom. Findings highlight frequent power struggles between student leaders and administrators, often resulting in stalemates that hinder meaningful reforms. The study recommends that student leaders focus on developing leadership and negotiation skills, fostering unity, engaging in constructive dialogue, and prioritizing inclusive representation. Similarly, university administrators are encouraged to establish open communication channels, involve students in decision-making, address their concerns promptly, promote transparency, and support student leadership development. These recommendations aim to foster collaborative engagement and create a harmonious academic environment. By shedding light on the root causes and dynamics of student activism, the study contributes to policy development and strategic approaches for managing activism constructively
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