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Current status of subfamily Ichneumoninae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) from
Malaysia and Singapore
A. F. Norhafiza and A. B. Idris
Citation: AIP Conference Proceedings 1571, 308 (2013); doi: 10.1063/1.4858674
View online: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4858674
View Table of Contents: http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/proceeding/aipcp/1571?ver=pdfcov
Published by the AIP Publishing
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Current Status of Subfamily Ichneumoninae (Hymenoptera:
Ichneumonidae) from Malaysia and Singapore
Norhafiza, A.F. and Idris, A.B.
Centre for Insect Systematics, School of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty of Science
and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
Abstract. In this paper, 25 genera and 38 species under 10 tribes (Alomyini, Compsophorini, Goedartiini, Heresiarchini,
Ichneumonini, Ischnojoppini, Joppocryptini, Listrodromini, Oedicephalini and Platylabini) of the subfamily
Ichneumoninae housed in the Centre for Insect Systematics, UKM and Raffles Museum of Biodiversity Research
(National University of Singapore) are reported from Malaysia and Singapore. The tribe Heresiarchini has the greatest
number of species (13) followed by Ichneumonini with six species. Imeria is the largest genus which contains five
species recorded. Six species in this study are new records for Malaysia.
Keywords: Ichneumoninae, Ichneumonidae, Hymenoptera, tribe, Malaysia, Singapore, new records.
INTRODUCTION
Ichneumoninae is the second largest subfamily of the family Ichneumonidae [1] with 15 tribes known [2].
Ichneumonines commonly specialize upon host taxa, and relationships between clades of wasps and hosts can be
extremely specific [3]. Species of the tribe Phaeogenini are known to parasitize mainly Microlepidoptera, the others
parasitize Macrolepidoptera. They are categorised as an endoparasitic idiobionts which they has a wide range of
hosts and it eats, kills or paralyzes the host immediately after oviposition and will stop the development process of
the host [4]. Adults fly out from the host pupae after completion of development and they feed on honey dew of
aphids and on certain plant foliage. They have a general dislike of intense amounts of heat and sunlight and
therefore are not usually found during the middle of the day [5].
The subfamily Ichneumoninae constitutes an exceedingly large and diverse group of parasitoid wasps. It is also
one of the most taxonomically and nomenclaturally confusing groups of ichneumonids [2]. The evolution of the
group resulted in producing many closely related and weakly differentiated species [6-7]. Therefore the well-known
catalogue of the world fauna of the genera of Ichneumonidae by Townes [8] which includes tables of illustrations
for the genera of all subfamilies, also published with the exception of this subfamily. Thus, more than 20% of the
genera of Ichneumonidae were not presented in the monograph [7].
This subfamily was first time recorded in Malaysia by Smith when he describing the Ichneumon penetrans and
Atanyjoppa commisator in 1858 which were collected from Sarawak. Since then, a number of species had been
described or recorded from this country.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Ichneumoninae mounted collections from the Centre for Insect Systematics at Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
(CIS-UKM) and Raffles Museum of Biodiversity Research at National University of Singapore were examined.
Pertinent literatures were consulted [9-11]. Type and non-type specimens were loaned fromThe Natural History
Museum, London. The morphological terminology follows Townes [8] and Tereshkin [12]. Using Carl Zeiss
AxioCam MR (Version 5.05.10) Image Analyzer, photographs of the habitus, face, areolet of forewings, propodeum
and second tergite were taken.
The 2013 UKM FST Postgraduate Colloquium
AIP Conf. Proc. 1571, 308-310 (2014); doi: 10.1063/1.4858674
© 2014 AIP Publishing LLC 978-0-7354-1199-9/$30.00
308
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RESULTS
Current Checklist of Malaysian Ichneumoninae
Valid generic and specific names are shown in italics. New records for Malaysia are denoted by an asterisk *
symbol.
Alomyini
Diadromus Wesmael
1. Diadromus collaris Gravenhorst
Compsophorini
Xenojoppa Cameron
2. Xenojoppa crassispina (Cameron)
3. Xenojoppa ettchelsii (Cameron)*
Goedartiini
Maraces Cameron
4. Maraces flavobalteata flavobalteata Cameron
Heresiarchini
Aglaojoppa Cameron
5. Aglaojoppa malaisei Heinrich
Atanyjoppa Cameron
6. Atanyjoppa commisator (Smith)
7. Atanyjoppa violaceipennis (Cameron)
Ichneumon Linnaeus
8. Ichneumon penetrans(Smith)
Cratojoppa Cameron
9. Cratojoppa maculiceps Cameron
10. Cratojoppa ornaticeps Cameron
11. Cratojoppa maculate Cameron*
Isandria Heinrich
12. Isandria spiniventris Heinrich
Lachmetha Cameron
13. Lachmetha spinitarsis Cameron
Naenaria Cameron
14. Naenaria grandiceps Cameron
Neocratojoppa Heinrich
15. Neocratojoppa flavescipes Heinrich
Ileanta Cameron
16. Ileanta cariniscutis Cameron
Poecilojoppoides Heinrich
17. Poecilojoppoides sanfordi Heinrich
Ichneumonini
Chiaglas Cameron
18. Chiaglas longicornis Cameron*
19. Chiaglas nigripes Cameron*
Losgna Cameron
20. Losgna cariniscutis (Cameron)
21. Losgna nigrita maculate Heinrich
22. Losgna simulator Townes, Townes & Gupta*
Stirexephanes Cameron
23. Stirexephanes melanarius Cameron
Stenaoplus Heinrich
24. Stenaoplus ornatitarsis (Cameron)
Hytophatnus Cameron
25. Hytophatnus lineatus Cameron
Ishnojoppini
Ishnojoppa Kriechbaumer
26. Ischnojoppa luteator (Fabricius)
Joppocryptini
Eccoptosage Kriechbaumer
27. Eccoptosage quadridentata Cameron
28. Eccoptosage cincticornis Cameron
Allonotus Cameron
29. Allonotus rufus Cameron
30. Allonotus annulicornis Cameron
Listrodromini
Anisobas Wesmael
31. Anisobas kankoensis Uchida
Oedicephalini
309
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Aulojoppa Cameron
32. Aulojoppa spilocephala Cameron
Imeria Cameron
33. Imeria levifrons Cameron
34. Imeria longitarsis Cameron
35. Imeria maculiceps Cameron
36. Imeria cephalotes (Ashmead)*
37. Imeria albomaculata Cameron*
Platylabini
Notoplatylabus Heinrich
38. Notoplatylabus birmanicus Heinrich
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
Until 1987, 20 species of Ichneumoninae have been recorded from Malaysia [9-11]. The number remains the
same due to no taxonomy study on this subfamily had been carried out in this country. However, in 2004 the number
of species increased to 31 [12], and during the present study 38 species of this subfamily have been found in
Malaysia. Six species consisting of Xenojoppa ettchelsii, Cratojoppa maculata, Chiaglas nigripes, Losgna
simulator, Imeria cephalotes and Imeria albomaculata are recorded for the first time from Malaysia. Previously, all
of the species were recorded from neighbouring country such as Indonesia, the Philippines, India, Myanmar and
China. The existence of these species in this country can be expected as Malaysia also located in the Oriental region.
Taxonomic work of this subfamily faces some difficulties in identification of the species because most of the
descriptions are isolate and obscure without appropriate comparison. Furthermore, finding the type materials (in
order to make comparison) is sometimes difficult because they are scattering in various institutes of American or
European countries, and some of them were lost. This is because the taxa especially in the Oriental region have been
left unstudied and not been intensively revised. An extensive study of this subfamily in Malaysia will certainly
contribute at least partially to fulfil the gap in the world wide taxonomy of Ichneumoninae. Until this is done, the list
of Ichneumoninae from Malaysia will still remain incomplete.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We express our gratitude to all staff of CIS-UKM for providing material examined and laboratory assistance in
completing the manuscript.
REFERENCES
1. B. D. Burks, D. H. Paul Jr., V. K. Karl and P. S. David, Catalog of Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico, Washington
D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1979.
2. D. B. Wahl and W. R. M. Mason, Journal of Hymenoptera Research 4, 285-293 (1995).
3. G. H. Heinrich, Canadian Entomologist Supplement 15 (1), 1-87 (1960).
4. C. M. Gaasch, J. Pickering and C. T. Moore, Environmental Entomology 27, 606-614 (1998).
5. G. H. Heinrich, Ichneumoninae of Florida and Neighbouring States (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae, Subfamily
Ichneumoninae), Gainsville, Florida: Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, 1977, pp. 1-350.
6. A. Rasnitsyn, “Introduction”, in Eastern Paleartic Ichneumonidae, 1978, pp. 1-81.
7. A. M. Tereshkin, Russian Entomological Journal 13 (4), 277-293 (2004).
8. H. Townes and S.C. Chiu, Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 17, 1-372 (1970).
9. H. Townes, M. Townes and V. K. Gupta, A Catalogue and Reclassification of the Indo-Australian Ichneumonidae - with
Collaboration on the Subfamily Ichneumoninae by Gerd Heinrich, and a Key to the Genera by Henry Townes, Michigan,
USA: American Entomological Institute, 1961.
10. D. S. Yu and K. Horstmann, Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 58 (1), 478-683 (1997).
11. V. K. Gupta, Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 41 (2), 1-1210 (1987).
12. A. M. Tereshkin, Linzer BiologischeBeitrage 4 (½), 1317-1608 (2009).
13. D. S. Yu, C. van Achterberg and K. Horstmann, World Ichneumonoidea 2004. Taxonomy, Biology, Morphology and
Distribution, Taxapad CD/DVD, Vancouver, Canada, 2005.
310
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