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RNI No.- 90387CHHBIL/2006/17830 ISSN - 0973 - 6387
A Registered
&
Refereed National Research Journal
RE •
Circulation Area -'
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K, Himachal Pradesh,
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&
Nicobar Island
Vol. - 4 Issue-3
ISSN- 0973-6387
Res ear ch Dig est
RNI No.-90387CIllIBIU2006J17830
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A Quarterly Multidisciplinary Research Journal
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.39
CONTENTS
3
CHANGING ROLE AND STATUS OF WIDOWS IN URBAN AREAS:
A CASE STUDY OF GULBARGA CITY
Madivalappa. B, Dr. N.H. Patil
SOCIO-ECONOMIC STUDY OF WOMEN AGRICULTURAL
LABOURERS: A SAMPLE STUDY OF GULBARGA TALUKA
Sharanabasappa. B. Ragi, Dr. N.H. Patil
OPERATIONSRESEARCH:A UNIQUE INTERDISCIPLINARYAPPROACH
OF DECISION MAKING IN EDUCATION Gaurav Rao
TRADE CO-OPERATION AMONG SAARC COUNTRIES IN THE LAST
QUARTER OF TWENTIETH CENTURY.
D~ Madhbend~ KumarJha
STRUCTURAL CHANGES IN THE N.S.S. FOR SOCIAL UPLIFTMENT
AND A NEED OF TIME Dr. Madhukant Patel
"NATIONAL POPULATION EDUCATION PROGRAMME IN SECONDARY
SCHOOLS OF NORTH CHHATTISGARH REGION: A STUDY IN
EFFECTIVENESSIN TERMS OF ATTITUDES OF TRIBAL TEACHERS
IN RELATION TO THEIR PERSONAL CHARACTERSTICS SUCH AS
AGE, RELIGION AND MARITAL STATUS" Dr. Anita Singh
'TEACHER'S ROLE COMMITMENT AND ADJUSTMENT OF HIGHER
SECONDARY LECTURERS OF DIFFERENTFACULTIES: A STUDY"
Dr. Siddharth Jain, Ku. Akanksha Gupta
WEB 2.0 AND LIBRARY: ARCHITECTURE OF PARTICIPATION
Dr. Brajesh Tiwari
ROLE OF ACADEMIC LIBRARIES IN E-LEARNING
.
.
Dr. R. P. Bajpai, Kapil Singh Hada
INFORMATION NEEDS OF LAWAYERSOF
c.c.
HIGH COURT:
A STUDY
Srnt ..
Nidhi Gupta
HEALTH STATUS IN INDIA (AN ANALYTICAL STUDY)
Dr. Ajay Kale, Dr. Aruna Kusumakar
EXPRESSION'OR EXTINCTION OF PERSONALITYDr. Mona Sharma
MEASURING EFFECTIVENESSOF INSTITUTIONAL WEBSITES: A CASE
STUDY OF CENTRAL UNIVERSITIES OF INDIA
Akhandanand Shukla
THE PROBLEMSFACEDBY WORKING WOMEN. IN THEIR WORKING
PLACE AND SOCIETY Dr. Shipra Benarjee, Ms. Jyoti Khullar
HIGHER EDUCATION IN INOIA-A SYSTEMTHAT RESISTS CHANGE
Smt. Prakriti James
9
16
19
32
34
44
48
58
63
66
76
78
RESEARCH DIGEST
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thousands colleges are registered under
Section 2(f)112(B) ofUGC Act 1956
for imparting education in India. In the
age of globalization, it is necessary for
every academic institution to check the
effectiveness (impact) of their existence
and websites playa great role in this.
Academic institutions have strong
relationship with each other in
education,. research, training and
expertise. Moreover, other commercial
organizations, governmental
departments, business houses, NGOs
etc. also have relationship with the
academic institutions. The linking of
websites to each other between
academic institutions and organizations
reveals the' latedness or similarity with
each other. So, here a need arises to
study the linking pattern of websites of
academic and research institutes of
India. The present study is an attempt
to assess the effectiveness (impact) of
web sites of academic and research
, EASURING EFFECTIVENESS OF INSTITUTIONAL
WEBSITES: A CASE STUDY ·OF CENTRAL
UNIVERSITIES OF INDIA ~~~~~
Abstract:
Purpose - The study of web impact is one measure for testing the effectiveness of academic institute. Websites
are one source of showcasing the knowledge generated by the academic institute. Webometric tools and studies can be
used to measure the effectiveness of the institutionalwebsites and rank them accordingly.
Design/methodology/approach - Data is collected using software program called 'Backlink Analyzer'. Data
collected for no. of back links, total no. ofTLDs, Pointing page preferences, and Link Type Relationship.
.
.
Findings - The study reveals that type or category of academic institutions doesn't support higher backlinks.
During the study it is established that Indian academic websites attract more citations fromcoinmercial Web domains
than organizational or any other Web domains.
Practical implications - The study examines the extent of back links given by different domains to Central
Universities. The pattem of page pointing
&
pattern oflink type relationship are also examined in the study.
. Originality/value - This is the first study to examine the present scenario of back links structure of Central
Universities from India through Backlink Analyser.
Keywords: Webometrics; Backlinks ;Top Level Domain; LinkType Relationship
Introduction:
The world community now believes.
in the non-conventional information
sources. There are various non-
conventional 'sources available on
WWW. The sources available on
World Wide Web are now widely used
in academic and research activities. It
has also been proved that information
available on the Web is authentic and
useful (Noruzi, 2005a).
University web sites are
multifaceted communication devices,
and are increasingly used for a wide
variety of purposes, from attracting
new students to providing online
education. In terms of research,
websites can announce the existence
and promote the achievements of
individuals, research groups,
institute(s) and departments. They can
also disseminate findings, either by
hosting online articles or by publishing
summaries, data sets or tools. The
pages can be created centrally, by
administrators / webmasters, or locally
by individuals regarding their research
team or projects. Potential benefits of
.an effective Web presence include
greater research impact, attracting
'students, media interest and
commercial contacts. In this context, it
is logical to investigate measures of the
effectiveness of websites, both to study
the communication activity that they
represent and to build useful evaluation
metrics (Vaughan
&
Thelwall, 2005).
Motivation of statement (Need of
the study):
India has a very large higher
education system in the world. There
are about 370 higher academic
&
research institutes at national level
which includes Universities, Deemed
Universities, Indian Institute of
Technologies (IITs), Indian Institute of
Managements (IIMs), National
Institute of Technologies (NITs)
&
research institutes. More than six
Akhandanand Shukla, Senior Research Fellow, DepaI1rnentofLitmuY
&
Infonnation ScienceBanarasHindu University, Varanasi (India)
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Research Article
Review of Literature and
Conceptus: .
Larson (1996)
&
Turnbull
(1996)
investigated the Web as
.significant scholarlymedium forscience
and scholarship by applying the
bibliometric t~qh!liques. Almind
&
Ingwersen (1997) applied a new term
"Webometrics" for-this area of study.
Before this, Rodriguez iGairin (1997)
Objectives of the study:
introduced the concept of information
The specific aspect of the present study impact on the Internet. Ingwersen
Table 1: List of Central Universities ofIndia
institutions of India on world level and
make comparative rankings of different
universities based on backlinks study.
Scopeofthe study:
For the practical purpose
scope ofthe experiment is limited to
universities mentioned as Central
Universities at University Grants
Commission (UGC) website
&
University Handbook (31 st edition).
Central Universities is the category of
centrally funded and monitored
academic institutions by' the
Government ofIndia which imparts
higher education
&
conduct research
invarious field of knowledge. The list
of Central Universities is enunciated in
table 1.
addresses the following objectives:
1. To find out the extent of back links
.of Centra IUniversities.
2. To find out the extent of Top Level
Domains of back links.
3. To study the Pattern of Pointing of
Page from other institutions.
4. To study the Pattern of Link Type
Relationship between institutions.
(1998) developed the idea of Web
Impact Factor by measuring average
link frequencies. He pointed out that
number ofhyperlinks (backlinks) that
point to a Web document from other
Internet documents might be conceived
as an indicator ofthe impact of this
document and its producer(s) on the
Internet.
Li
et
aI. (2003)
found that
academic websites are more mature
than the 'other domains in the World
Wide Web. Thelwall (2003) pointed
that a high Web impact or online impact
for a document indicates that it
might
contain informationthat may be useful
for Visitors to the source documents of
the links. But this i,snot always the
same. Heimeriks et al. (2003) found
that for academic pages, high Web
impact may not only reveal something
about the documents, but also about
. SN Central Uaiversities (Code Name) Website Address
1.
Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh (AMU)
",
.
htto://www.amu.ac ..in/index.asp
..
,
~''''F'
2.
Assam University, Silchar (ASSAM) http://assamuniversity.nic.in/
,
';".
3. Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow http://www.bbauindill·org/ .
(BBAU) . .
4. Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi (BHU)
,
"
http://wWw.bhu.ac.iill
'
.
":
5. Central Agricultural University, Iroisemba Imphal http://www.cicmanipur.nic.in/htmVcau.asp
(CAUl)
-,
6. Indira Gandhi National Open University, New Delhi http://www.ignou.a~.in/di,:isions/li1?r~ry/ind~~l
(IGNOU) , , .htm
7. Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi (JMI) http://jmi.nic.in/index.html s
8. Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi (JNU) http://www.jnli.ac.in/
..
.
,
9. Mahatma Gandhi Antarrashtriya Hindi Vishwavidyalaya, http://www.hindivishwa.org/index.html
Wardha (MGAlN)
.H
Manipu.r University, Canchipur 'Imphal (MUC) http://manipuruniv.ac:in/
1Maulana Azad National Urdu University, Hyderabad http://www.manuu.ac.in/
(MANUU)
•
1Mizoram University, Aizwal (MIZUNI) http://www.mzu.edu.in/ .
1Nazaland University, Kohima (NAGUNl) http://www.nagauniv.org.in/
'~
~
North Eastern Hill UniversitY, Shillong (NEHU) http://www.nehu.ac.in/
1
Pondicherry University, Pondicherry (PONDI) http://www.pondiuni.org/index.html
11
Tezpur University, Tezpur (TEZU) http://www.tezu.ernet.in/
1 University of Allahabad, Allahabad (UOA) http://www.alldunivpio.org/
,.
1
University of Delhi, Delhi (UOD) http://www.du.ac.in/
fi
University of Hyderabad, Hvderabad (UOH) http://www.uohyd.ernet.in/ .
2{
Visva Bharati University, Santiniketan (VBU) http://www.visva-bharati.ac.in/
I'
RESEARCH DIGEST .,: VOL.-4": JULY-SEP.2009 .,: 67
Research Article
their owners: both of the document that
includes the link and the linked-to
document. Hyperlinks are used to
convey reputation and raise credibility;
e.g. on scientists' homepages they
might point to previous affiliations
raising the scientist's credibility by
establishing a relationship with'
renowned universities, departments,
groups, or individual scholars.
Bar-llan (2004) conducted
the experiment to check the motivation
of link creation in Israeli universities.
Noruzi (2005a, 2006a) critically
evaluated the Web Impact Factor and
conducted an experiment for backlinks
study of Iranianuniversities and pointed
that backlinks (in
I
inks) can be seen as
an indicator of the overall significance
and importance of a website.
Vaughan et at. (2006) has
examined the context of the links and
content of the webpages to determine
the motivation for co-link. Noruzi
(2006b) stated that back links are
similar
to
citationsinscientifice-articles
and backlinks are fair quantitative tools
for ranking, evaluating, categorizing,
and comparing websites, top level
domains, and sub domains.
There isa number ofbacklinks
studies have been done for academic
institutions and departmental websites.
The relationship between backlinks to
organizations and their research quality,
scientific discipline etc. have been
assessed earlier.
The following are the main
concepts which are discussed in the
study.
I. Backlinks :
The medium which connects
two or more hypertext is known as links
(or hyperlinks). According to Web
Design Glossary of Terms a hyperlink,
more commonly called a link, is an
electronic connection between one
webpage to either (I) other webpages
on the same website, or
(2)
webpages
located on another
website.
More
specifically, a hyperlink is a connection
-between one page of a hypertext
documentto another. Links are of three
types - outgoing links, self links
&
incoming links. Links going to outside
from the website is outgoing (outlinks)
links, links coming into a website is
known as inlinks (backlinks) and links
within the website is known as selflinks
(Noruzi, 2006a). Outlinks are used to
pointing external sources and
also
known as outbound links. Self links are
used within the website for navigational
purposes ofthe same website. More
the backlinks to a website reveals the
irnpactofthe website in that field. For
our study, the backl inks study is more
important.
other. The websites which have given
backlinks to the target websites uses
homepages as pointing pages for
backlinks. Sometimes internal pages
are also used for pointing of pages. If
the pointing of pages goes to home
pages of a target websites, itrepresents
either the whole website has useful
information or the whole website can
be seen besides home pages while in
case of internal pages, itrepresents that
.the particular target page only has
specific information.
rv
Link Type Relationship (LTR):
Thelwall (200 1)has conducted
a survey to examine the links between
. commercial organizations and found
that most of the commercial
organizations use two way link
(reciprocal link) relationship between
, 'each other to promote their business
, products, marketing of products,
promotion of products etc. When we
II. Top Level Domain (TLD): talk about linking of hypertext
Wikipedia defines top level, . documents (Web pages), a general
domains as "A top leveldomain (TLD) concept oflinking appears in mind that
is the last part of an Internet domain webpages are linked among each
name." For example, in the domain other. In another words, website 'A' is
name of www.yahoo.com, the top linked by website
'B'
or both the
level domain is .com. Country code top websites 'A'
&
'B'have linked with each
level domains (ccTLD)
&
generic top other. When website 'A' is linked by
level domains (gTLD) are frequently website 'B', it is known as one way of
found
in backlinks of academic linking and when both the web sites 'A'
websites. Some common gTLDs are:
&
'B"
have linked each other, it is
.biz, .com, .cat, .edu, .gov, .info, .net, known as reciprocal way oflinking. It
.pro, .org, .tel etc. is not always possible that every
websites have reciprocal links. Most
likely, only one way mode of linking
found between websites. Reciprocal
links are prevalent between business
organizations websites.
Research Design:
The most convenient way of
III. Pattern of Pointing of Page
(POP): Every hyperlink pointing at a
website is a potential source of new
visitors (Thelwall, 2001). One website
is linked with other websites having
some common relationship with each
RESEARCH DIGEST
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Research Article
measuring backlinks among academic
institutions' web sites is to use the
advanced search facilities of general
Web search engines. There has much
been done on Yahoo! by Ingwersen
(1998); Smith
&
Thelwall (2002);
Thelwall (2002); Kousha
&
Horri
(2004); Smith (2004); Nouruzi
(2005a, 2006b). The present study
uses Yahoo Web services on Backlink
Analyzer available at http://
too Is. seo book. com/Backl ink-
analyzer/.
For the backlinks study, we
collected the details of Central
Universities ofIndia from University .
Grants Commission (UGC), New
Delhi website and Universities
Handbook (31 stedition) of Association
of Indian Universities, New Delhi. Total
20 Central Universities were found
after the amalgamation of data from
above said sources. The checking is
done for the existence of current web
address through Google. The fmal data
iscollected in the month of April, 2008
by a software program Backlink
Analyzer. It offers number ofbacklinks,
detailed list of top level domains,
pointing pages, link type relationship,
anchor text etc. The software program
had taken the time of minimum 5
minutes to maximum 3 hours for an
institution depending on the structure
&
size ofthe website. The Backlink
Analyzer can collects data form various
search engines (Google, Yahoo, MSN
&
Allthe Web) at a time, if selected. In
our study, search engine "Yahoo!" has
been selected.
Results Analysis and Discussion: .
A. Extent of Backlinks .:
Fig. 1shows the backlinks of
Central Universities in detail.There are
total 20 Central Universities in India.
The figure reveals unequal distribution
ofbackllnks on Central Universities .
. Indira Gandhi National Open
University (IGNOU) has the highest
backlinks (800) among all Central
Universities whereas Central
Agricultural University, Imphal (CAUl)
has least number of backlinks (01).
There are only 40% Central
Universities have equal or more than
100 backlinks and only 25% Central
Universities have more than 200
backlinks. This unequal distribution of
backlinks to the Central Universities
websitesreveals that backlinks are not
influenced by the type / category of
universities. Ranking of Central
Universities based on number of
backlinks is given in Appendix 2. Indira
Gandhi National Open University
(IGNOU) is on the top and Central
Agricultural University, Imphal (CAUl)
is on the. bottom
in
the above said
ranking of Central Universities of India.
B. Extent of Top Level Domains
(TLDs):Table 2 represents the detailed
breakup of most frequently used top
level domains (TLD~) for each of the
Central University. The study reveals
linking of .com, .org,
&
.inas top level
domains (TLDs) for Central
Universities websites. This backlink
establishes some relatedness of host
website with Central Universities
websites. The breakup of different
TLDs to Central Universities is
presented as follows: .
Fig:2 represents percentile of
different TLDs against Central
Universities. The higher percentile of
commercial organization (.com)
represents strong linkage between
.
900
-p-•••.•••
--_'7"l""
., 800
:E
700
:i
600
~ 500
e
400
o
300
o
200
z
100
o
8ack-llnks • Central Universities
Unlve rsttles
:::J ..
0
:t:
z
Wo
z a..
-c
o
:::J
:::J
N
W
I-
c
c
Fig. 1: Backlinks of Central Universities of India
"'.t·
..........,.~~_--,RE_S--,E,..-A_R....:C_H_D....:I:..:G:..:E:..:S..:;T---.:...;*_V~O::..:L= •..;..;...4:........*..:.:....-:JU:..::..::L:...:Y:....-.:::;SE::.:P:.:.-=2.:::00:;:9_*.::.....:..:6::;:9:........·
I
Research Article
Table 2: Breakup of frequently TLDs
Name of University .com .org .in Others Total
(in coded form) TLDs TLDs TLDs TLDs TLDs
AMU
192 38 42 100 372
ASSAM
19 7 9 136
BBAU
17 7 3 2 29
BHU
133 37 47 76 293
CAUl
01 0 0 1
IGNOU
376 147 125 152 800
JMI
19 4 7 3 33
JNU
269 95 97 268 729
MGAIN
33 9 6 10 58
MUC
15 0 6 5 26
MANUU
39 7 10 864
MIZUNI
18 3 7 4 32
NAGUNI
4 1 1 1 7
NEHU
45 19 27 15 106
PONDI
94 21 32 34 181
TEZU
53 16 25 18 112
UOA
12 1 01 14
UOD
35 15 10 20 80
UOH
164 65 66 125 420
VBU
11 8 3 4 26
Total
1548 501 523 847 3419
industry and academics. Top Level
Domains (TLDs) .org and .in have
almost equal distribution oflinking to
CentralUniversities websites. There
are 25% Top Level Domains (TLDs)
comes from others category. Out of20
Central Universities, 17 Central
Universities (85%) have equal or more .
than 40% .com TLD containing
backlinks. Only one Central University
(5%) has 100% .org TLD containing
backlinks and one Central University
(5%) has more than 85% .com TLD
containing backlinks.
This also establishes strong
linkage between industry and
academics as 45% of all backlinks are
from .com domain. About 15%
organizational websites (.org TLD)
ha've given backlinks to Central
Universities. These organizational
websites may include governmental
organizations, NGOs
&
other
academic organizations etc. There are
15% Indian organizations (.in TLD)
.have given backlinks to the Central
Universities. This may contain
100%
~
80%
Gl
..
60%
ftI
.c
"
40%
1/1
0
20%
oJ
•...
0%
Top level domain distribution - Central Universities
I_·com •. org o·in •. net_Others
I
:>'
:ii
:> :> :> :>
:ii
:>
>
o
:>
Z
z
:>
0
.:>
-c
o
:c
:>
:ii
««
:c
-c
0
....,
z
:c
:> :> :> .:>
:c
z
N
00
0
CD
CD
....,
-c
z
w
-c
en
CD
o
z
:ii
.~
(9
w
0
•...
:> :> :>
>
en
CD
Q
'(9
«
:ii
«
z
a.
-c
:ii :ii
z
UnIversilies
Fig. 2: Share of top level domains (in
%)
RESEARCH DIGEST
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Research Article
Fig. 3 presents cumulative sum of different TLDs over all 20 Central Universities.
TLDs share in total backlinks
.com, 1548,45% lI·com
[J
.org
•. in
CIothers
Fig. 3: Top level domains (TLDs) share in total Backlinks
organization like .ac.in but still the
impact is not very significant for our
result. There are 25% other
I
organizations have given backlinks to
the Central Universities.
C.
Pattern of Pointing of Page
(POP): In order to assess the pattern
of pointing of page to the Central
Universities websites, it is found that
all the backlinked institutes (institutes
those have given backlinks to Central
Universities) have given more
preference to the homepages of the
Central Universities websites (Table 3).
All Central Universities have more than
50% share (number of counts) of
pointing of page as homepage whereas
90% Central Universities have more
than 60% share (number of counts) of
pointing of page as homepage. Out of
3419 number of counts for pointing of"
pages 2696 (78.85%) number of
counts pointing for homepages of
Central Universities websites. Thus
homepages ofCentral Universities have
found sound preference for backlinks
(Fig. 4). This study also reveals that
homepage of the institutes websites is
sufficient for showing the relationship
with backlinked institute.
D. Pattern of Link Type
Relationship (LTR):
LTR study is to assess the
pattern of mutual referencing of
websites of Central Universities and
other domains. Backlink Analyzer
shows only one way referencing i.e.
from other domains to Central
Universities. This represents some kind
of affiliation or association or relation
of these domains with Central
,
Universities. The results ofLTR among
websites of Central Universities and
other domains are presented in
Appendix 1.
Conclusion:
The challenge of interpreting
counts oflinks to university websites
is greatly complicated by their
heterogeneity. A single website is likely
to contain information created by
different types of authors (scholars,
administrators, students), for different
audiences (internal/external,
prospective / current / past students,
the public, other scholars) (Middleton
et ai., 1999) with differing content
levels (academic papers, books,
.teaching notes, student assignments,
job adverts, hobby pages, photos or
videos of family members) in multiple
recognizable and novel genres (lecture
notes, link lists, frequently asked
questions pages) (Cronin et ai., 1998;
Crowston
&
Williams ..•2000; Haas
&
Grams, 2000; Harter
&
Ford, 200Q;
&
Cronin. 2001) and may even
contain mis-information (Calvert,
2001). This study examined the
extent of backlinks, top level
domains, pattern of link type
relationship, and pointing of pages
from different outsider web sites to
the websites of Central Universities.
Following are the major findings of
the study:
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Table 3: Breakup of pattern of pointing of page
Name of Universities Pointing of Page (Number of counts) Total
(in coded form) Home Page (%) Blank(%) Others
AMU
-222 (60) 146 (39) 4 372
ASSAM
30 (83) 6 (17) 0 36
BBAU
24 (83) 5 (17) -0 29
BHU
239 (82) 50 (17) 4293
CAUI
1 (100) 0(0) 0 1
IGNOU
663 (83) 1-18(15) 19 800
1MI
31 (94) 2 (6) 033
JNU
591 (81) 126 (17) 12 729
MGAHV
46 (79) 11 (19) 1 58
MUC
20 (77) 4 (15) 2 26
MANUU
49 (77) _13 (20) - 2 64
MIZUNI
;26(81) 6 (19) 0 32
NAGUNI
5 (71) 2 (29) 0 7
NEHU
85 (80) 19(18) 2 106
POND!
145 (80) 35 (19) 1 181
TEZU
84 (75) 28 (25) 0 112
UOA
12 (86) 2 (14) 014
UOD
45 (56) 32 (40) 3 80
UOH
•356(85) 55 (13) 9 420
VBU
22 (85) 3 (12) 1 26
Total 2696 (79) 663 (19) 60 3419
POinting
of
Page - Breakup
If2}HOme
Page _Blank
oo~
Fig. 4: Share of Home Page in total no. of pointing of pages
.,.The analysis clearly indicates that
Central Universities have unequal
distribution of backlinks. An Open
University website has the highest
backlinks among other Central
Universities. This indicates that
distribution of backlinks is not
influenced by the type / category of
academic institutions (Fig. 1).
.,.Generic top level domains (gTLDs)
&
Country code top level domains
(ccTLDs) containing websites
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frequently linkthe Central Universities
websites (Table 2).
*
Top Level Domains (TLDs) .com,
.org,
&
.in
found frequently in backlinks
for Central Universities websites (fable
2).
These three (.com, .org,
&
.in)
TLDs containing backlinks cover 75%
of total backlinks (Fig.
3),
depicting
their association.
*
Top Level Domains (TLDs) .com has
the highest share (45%) among all the
Top Level Domains (TLDs) in total
backIinks (Fig. 3).
*
About 85% Central Universities have
equal or more than 40% .com TLD
containing backlinks (Fig.
2).
*
About 15% .in TLD (ccTLD)
containing backlinks indicates that 15%
Indian organizations websites have
given backlinks to Central Universities
•websites (Fig.
3),
which includes
different domains.
*
All Central Universities websites
home pages (index pages) found high
preference for pointing of back links
(Fig. 4).
*
There is 100% one way mode of
linking of web sites found.
In the ~rea of Web society,
academic institutions must have Web
presence
to
increase their effectiveness
among world level institutions
.
,
organizations, governmental
departments etc. A qualitative Web
presence is the need of the present
scenario which increases the
effectiveness of academic institutes.
The quality of content of Web pages
increases the effectiveness of Web
presence of institutes. Higher the
number ofbacklinks represents higher
quality of Web content of website. The
study reveals close bondage of
commercial institute with academic
institutesthough the study isonly limited
to
Central Universities from India. This
higher degree of attractiveness depends
on qualitative content, simple weblink
structure and functional Web structure
of institutional website. Though higher
backlinks structure isgood measure for
. ranking academic institutes but
dynamism of website do affect a lot.
However, dynamicity of academic
websites represents proper updation
and new link creation but removal of
old pages of website. destroys the
existing backlinks structure which
makes analysis difficult.
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Appendix
21
Ranking of Central Universities of India
(Ranking based on No of Backlinks)
2. Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi (
NU)
729
Rank Name of University (with Code Name) No. of Back
Links
1. Indira Gandhi National OpenUniversity,New Delhi (IGNOu) 800
3. University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad (VO I) 420
4. Alizarh Muslim University, Alizarh (AMl 372
5. Banaras Hindu University,Varanasi (BHU) 293
6. Pondicherrv University, Pondicherrv(PONDD 181
7. Tezpur University,Teznur (TEZu) Iff
8. North Eastern Hill University,Shillong (NEHU) 106
9. University of Delhi, Delhi (UOD) 80
10. Maulana Azad National Urdu University,Hyderabad (MANUU) .64
11. Mahatma Gandhi AntarrashtriyaHindi Vishwavidvalava,Wardha (MGAHV) 58
12. AssamUniversItY,Silchar(ASSAM) 36
13. lamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi (JMD 33
14. MizoramUniversity, Aizwal(MIZUNO 32
15. BabasahebBhimrao AmbedkarUniversity,Lucknow(BBAU) 29..
16. Visva Bharati University, Santiniketan(VBU) 26 .
&
Maniour University, CanchipurImohal (MUC)
17. University of Allahabad,Allahabad (UOA) .. 14
18. Nazaland UniverSItY,Kohima (NAGUND 07
19. Central Agricultural University,Iroisemba Imphal (CAUI) .01
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Appendices:
Appendix 1: Detailed Data recorded for Central Universities of India
SN Name of University (with Code Name) No. of . TLDs (no.) Preferred Link
Back Pointing Type
Links Page
(%),
relations
hip
1. A1igarh Muslim University, A1igarh (AMU) 372 .com(192) Home Page One way
.
.org (38) (60)
.in(42)
2. Assam University, Silchar (ASSAM) 36 .com (19) Home Page One way
.org (07) (83)
-.
-
-"-
-
-
-
--- --_.- -
-
. -.in"(09)
-
,
-
-
3. Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow 29 .com (17) Home Page One way
(BBAU) .org (07) (83)
.in (03)
4. Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi ~aHU)
'.
293 .coin(133) , Home Page, One way
.org (37) (82) , '
.in(47)
5; Central Agricultural University, IroisembaImphal 01. .org (01) Home Page One way
(CAUl) . (100) ,
6. Indira Gandhi National Open University, New Delhi 800 .com(376) Hoine Page One way
(IGNOU) .org (147) (83)
.in(125)
7. Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi (JM!) 33 .com (19) Home Page One way
.org (04) (94)
.inJ07)
8. Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi (JNU) 729 .com(269) Home Page One way
.org (95) (81)
.in(97)
9. Mahatma Gandhi Antarrashtriya Hindi 58 .com (33) Home Page One way
Vishwavidyalaya, Wardha (MGAHV) .org (09) (79)
.in(06)
10. Manipur University, Canchipur lmphal (MUC) 26 .com (15) Home Page One way
.in (06) (77)
11. Maulana Azad National Urdu University, Hyderabad 64 .com (39) Home Page One way
(MANUU) .org (07) (77)
.in{lQ)
12. Mizoram University, Aizwal (MIZUNI) 32 .com (18) Home Page. One way
.org (03) (81)
.in(07)
,
13. Nagaland University, Kohima (NAGUNl) 07 .com (04) Home Page One way
.org (01) (71)
.in(On'
14. North Eastern Hill University, Shillong (NEHU) 106 .com (45) Home Page
-One
way
.org (19) (80)
.in(27)
15. Pondicherry University, Pondicherry (POND!) 181 .com (94) Home Page One way
.org (21) (80)
.in (32)
..
16. Tezpur University, Tezpur (TEZU) 112 .com (53) Home Page One way
,.
,
+
.org (16) (75)
..
.in(25),
17. University of Allahabad, Allahabad (UOA) 14 .com (12) Home Page One way
.
.org(OI) , (86) .:
-
.net (01)
18. University of Delhi, Delhi (UOD) 80 .com (35) Home Page One way
.orz (5)' " (56)
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