Rebel City: From the Right to the City to the Urban Revolution
... Nesse cenário, surge o conceito de cidades inteligentes, que se referem a ambientes urbanos que utilizam tecnologias de informação e comunicação (TIC) para melhorar a eficiência dos serviços públicos, promover o desenvolvimento sustentável e aumentar a qualidade de vida dos cidadãos (Hollands, 2008;Chourabi et al., 2012). No entanto, a construção de cidades inteligentes não pode ser vista apenas sob a ótica tecnológica; ela deve, necessariamente, estar alinhada a um planejamento urbano que assegure o direito à cidade, conceito que se refere ao acesso equitativo ao espaço urbano, garantindo que todos os cidadãos possam participar da vida social, política e econômica da cidade (Lefebvre, 1968;Harvey, 2012). ...
... Para Lefebvre, a cidade é um espaço social que pertence a todos os seus habitantes, e, portanto, o planejamento urbano deve ser inclusivo, promovendo o acesso igualitário aos serviços e recursos urbanos. Nas últimas décadas, o direito à cidade ganhou relevância no campo dos estudos urbanos, sendo amplamente discutido por autores como David Harvey (2012), que enfatiza que o direito à cidade não se trata apenas de acessar a infraestrutura urbana, mas também de ter voz nas decisões sobre o futuro das cidades. ...
... (Lefebvre, 1968). Este conceito tem implicações profundas para o planejamento urbano, pois sugere que o espaço urbano deve ser moldado de acordo com as necessidades de todos os cidadãos, e não apenas dos grupos mais privilegiados ou das forças de mercado (Harvey, 2012). ...
This article addresses the importance of Civil Defense as a structuring element for building urban resilience in smart cities, guaranteeing citizens’ right to the city. Based on a literature review, concepts such as the right to the city, urban resilience, and the role of technologies in strengthening Civil Defense are discussed. In addition, it explores how urban planning integrated with Civil Defense can improve cities’ ability to respond to emergencies, promoting inclusion and security. The study concludes that the articulation between these factors is essential for the sustainable and equitable development of smart cities.
... ILM produces the self-built, but this opens the possibility of turning scarce public goods into commons when communities have cohesion enough to collectively manage them. Commoning is a process which entails social relationships and practices that allow the management of specific resources, in this case community spaces, but also knowledge and social practices such as education when these have been captured by capitalism: "if state-supplied public goods either decline or become a mere vehicle for private accumulation (as is happening to education), and if the state withdraws from their provision, then there is only one possible response, which is for populations to self-organize to provide their own commons" [54] (p.87). Self-managed initiatives, especially those focused on migrant children, will demonstrate some of the social innovation capacities beyond the conflictive territorial organisation of SBS. 7 ...
... PAM contributes to the reimagination of education as a set of immaterial common resources and the commons as an activity rather than as a product [23,60]. Thus, there is a potential to develop new ways of community organisation even with few resources; as Harvey claims, "the political recognition that the commons can be produced, protected, and used for social benefit becomes a framework for resisting capitalist power and rethinking the politics of an anti-capitalist transition" [54] (p.87). ...
... As neoliberal politics diminishes the financing of public goods, so it diminishes the available common, forcing social groups to find other ways to support that common (education, for example). [54] (p.73) ...
Chile is experiencing a twofold housing crisis provoked by the market and the state. On the market side, re-commodification of the housing market limits the access of those on low incomes; on the state side, exhaustion of the housing subsidies system (voucherism) due to low quality and peripheral social housing reflect an inability to deliver. In this context, self-built settlements (SBS) have skyrocketed to levels unseen since the 1980s and result in the spatial concentration of vulnerable Chilean and immigrant families in small and dense areas without limited access to urban services. This paper analyses how common resources are produced and managed in recent SBS in Santiago, through a socio-spatial analysis of a peripheral industrial brownfield occupied since 2015. The possibilities and channels of integration (housing, jobs, education) for families are differentiated by nationality, citizenship status and political leverage; however, common resources are valued and used transversally. Amidst partial efforts from the state to deliver welfare, lack of information and distrust from SBS neighbours towards institutions, and even to their own representatives, are problems that reinforce marginalisation. Self-managed organisations contribute to commoning, supporting children’s access to education and try to appropriate the community spaces co-produced with NGOs, neighbours and researchers.
... Harvey, kentsel mekân konularında yaptığı çalışmalarda, mekânın toplumsal eşitsizliklerin bir yansıması olduğunu savunur. Harvey, mekânın kapitalist birikim süreçleriyle nasıl şekillendiğini analiz ederken, toplumsal ilişkilerin mekânsal dinamikler üzerindeki etkilerini vurgular (Harvey, 2006(Harvey, , 2008(Harvey, , 2012(Harvey, , 2019a(Harvey, , 2019b. Bu süreç, kapitalizmin belirli mekânsal örgütlenme biçimlerini dayatmasına neden olur. ...
... Bu bağlamda mekânlar, toplulukların sosyal bağlar kurmasına ve sosyal sermayenin artmasına katkıda bulunur (Putnam, 2000). Harvey, sosyal sermayenin mekânsal adalet ile ilişkili olduğunu vurgular ve kentsel mekânların sosyal sermaye üzerindeki etkilerini analiz ederken, mekânsal adaletin önemine dikkat çeker (Harvey, 2008(Harvey, , 2012(Harvey, , 2019a. Harvey'e göre, sermaye birikimi ve kapitalist düzenlemeler mekânsal süreçleri şekillendirir; bu süreçler sosyal sermayeyi göz ardı edebilir ve topluluk bağlarını zayıflatabilir (Harvey, 2019a). ...
This article explores how spatial tools with the potential to revitalize the public sphere can be examined within the framework
of social infrastructure. It discusses how measurable dynamics
like social capital, sense of place, and collective memory can be
linked to public sphere norms and how new spatial tools can be
developed based on local needs. The importance of integrating local knowledge into spatial design processes is emphasized.
The article presents a theoretical framework examining the relationship between spatiality and the public sphere, investigating
how social infrastructure tools should be structured. Drawing on
phenomenological approaches, the study outlines design criteria,
emphasizing the potential for new spatial tools that can revitalize the public sphere through spatial dynamics in integrated urban planning and architecture. The study suggests that theaters
and other socio-cultural facilities can act as social infrastructure
tools, revitalizing the public sphere through participatory design
focused on spatial dynamics. It highlights the role of dynamics
such as social capital, sense of place, and collective memory in
increasing these tools' effectiveness. In conclusion, the study
focuses on spatial dynamics and phenomenological approaches
to show the potential for developing new spatial tools that
strengthen the public sphere. These tools are proposed as social
infrastructure mechanisms to improve the vitality and functionality of the public sphere. The article underscores the importance
of an integrated approach in architecture and urban planning,
demonstrating the possibility of creating diverse and functional
spatial tools for a more democratic and sustainable society
... Спираючись на теоретичний базис дослідження та деякі теоретичні джерела [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] зауважимо, що інноваційний парк представляє собою спеціалізовану територію або інфраструктурний комплекс, створений для підтримки та розвитку інноваційної діяльності, де наукові, освітні, бізнесові та державні структури активно співпрацюють для реалізації інноваційних ідей, комерціалізації нових технологій і створення стартапів. Інноваційні парки сприяють концентрації високотехнологічних підприємств, дослідницьких центрів, лабораторій, бізнесінкубаторів, а також наукових установ, що дозволяє ефективно використовувати ресурси для розвитку нових продуктів, послуг і технологій. ...
В представленій статті зауважено, що розвиток інноваційних парків є одним із ключових елементів сучасної економічної стратегії багатьох країн, оскільки вони є основними платформами для впровадження інновацій, трансферу технологій та розвитку підприємництва. Інноваційні парки створюються з метою концентрації наукових, дослідницьких, освітніх та виробничих ресурсів для стимулювання науково-технічного прогресу, розвитку стартапів та сприяння інтеграції новітніх технологій у різні сфери бізнесу та суспільства. Вони сприяють формуванню ефективних екосистем, в яких науково-дослідні установи, державні органи, підприємства та інвестори взаємодіють для досягнення спільних інноваційних цілей. Метою представленої роботи є формування методологічної основи яка б дала підґрунтя для визначення сутності розвитку інноваційних парків. Методи представлені в роботі, аналізу, сите ту, дедукції, індукції, порівняння, логічний, співставлення, графічний. Методологічні основи розвитку інноваційних парків полягають у виборі та застосуванні таких принципів і підходів, які сприяють максимальному використанню потенціалу інноваційних систем та інституцій, а також враховують специфіку економічного середовища і потреби сучасних ринків. Важливим аспектом є формування правових та інституційних умов, стимулювання інвестицій у високі технології та підтримка стартапів, а також організація ефективного партнерства між університетами, підприємствами, урядом та іншими зацікавленими сторонами. В умовах глобалізації та швидких технологічних змін інноваційні парки мають стати не тільки осередками для створення нових продуктів і послуг, але й важливими центрами для розвитку людського капіталу, підготовки висококваліфікованих кадрів, залучення іноземних інвестицій і інтеграції національних економік у світову економіку. Тому розробка ефективних методологічних підходів до їхнього створення та розвитку є надзвичайно актуальним завданням для науковців, практиків і державних органів.
... Los detractores del co-living argumentan que este modelo de vivienda, a menudo dirigido a jóvenes profesionales, está impulsando los costos de alquiler en las ciudades y reduciendo el acceso a viviendas asequibles. Además, estos tipos de viviendas pueden percibirse como una forma de dormitorios para profesionales técnicos donde la calidad de vida se sacrifica en favor de la eficiencia económica (Harvey, 2013). ...
... Los detractores del co-living argumentan que este modelo de vivienda, a menudo dirigido a jóvenes profesionales, está impulsando los costos de alquiler en las ciudades y reduciendo el acceso a viviendas asequibles. Además, estos tipos de viviendas pueden percibirse como una forma de dormitorios para profesionales técnicos donde la calidad de vida se sacrifica en favor de la eficiencia económica (Harvey, 2013). ...
En este capítulo se pretende explorar cómo la neurocomunicación y la IA están
transformando la educación desde una perspectiva teórica. La revisión se centrará en las principales teorías de neurocomunicación aplicadas a la enseñanza y cómo la IA ha redefinido estas interacciones en el aula. A través del análisis de fuentes clave, se examinarán los avances en neurotecnología educativa que mejoran la personalización del aprendizaje, adaptándose a los patrones neuronales individuales. Así, se busca ofrecer una perspectiva profunda sobre cómo las experiencias y aplicaciones en IA están configurando un nuevo paradigma en la neurocomunicación educativa, planteando preguntas cruciales sobre el futuro del aprendizaje y su relación con la tecnología
... Access to affordable transportation is a crucial factor in helping people escape poverty. Beyond the adjustments women make to their travel habits, the pervasive threat of violence violates their right to the city-their ability to access urban opportunities and influence urbanization processes (Harvey, 2012;Habitat International Coalition, 2004). Sexual violence is a global crisis that demands urgent action. ...
Every day, more than 15 million people in South Africa use minibus taxis for transportation. Many women depend on these taxis to travel between work, home, and other destinations. However, for women, boarding a taxi does not guarantee a safe journey. Over the past ten years or more, the industry has been plagued by incidents of sexual harassment and rape, often involving drivers and line marshals at taxi ranks. There are no conclusive studies on how many rapes occur compared to how many are reported, but estimates suggest that only a small fraction of crime is taken to the police. Thus, this paper seeks to investigate the rape of women in South African minibus taxis. The paper adopted a narrative literature review, as a research method, to analyze the phenomenon understudy and execute the paper's position through a scientific lens. Findings obtained in the study indicate that the sexual violence that women experience on public transport has direct harmful effects on their mental health and well-being. This in turn, further limits their mobility while infringing on their rights to access public spaces. As a point of departure, the paper posits that, with an increased understanding of how individual and transit environment factors are influential over women's risks for sexual violence while on the move, we hope that prevention efforts can become more focused and more successful in the future.
... These ones are increasingly understood as the final point of impact of regional, State and even global policies (Harvey 2012), being the place where the enjoyment of rights is ultimately experimented and vindicated. Therefore, essential problems of contemporary democracies are more easily addressed by building up from local vindications and experiment with institutional changes at local level. ...
Across Europe, culture is acquiring an increasing constitutional relevance by fostering experiments of bottom-up reflexive and self-organised participation able to bring policymakers closer to citizens. This paper adopts a European Union (EU) standpoint, observing how the EU could use cultural programs to support these practices and promote democracy and inclusion in the wake of the 'crisis of political representation'. The objective is to draw recommendations for EU institutions to connect with local communities by multiplying the opportunities of equality and inclusion without interfering with local democracy. The investigation starts from an analysis-also through the case study of Italian constitutional transformations-of how the 'distrust' towards representation transformed the constitutional settlements of democratic participation. The study emphasises the need for new participatory forms and the relevance of spontaneous bottom-up initiatives in that direction, especially in the cultural field. Against this backdrop, the article will explore how EU cultural policies could be more inclusive so as to improve their social approach and trigger a direct dialogue with grassroots experiences .
... Human geography is the study of the spatial patterns and processes that shape human behavior, social systems, and interactions with the environment [101]. The discipline can be applied to promoting social justice in a variety of ways [102]. Below are some examples that are relevant to our study. ...
In the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic and the resultant stay-at-home mandates, local governments in some cities in the United States implemented programs in response to the pandemic. This article focuses on Slow Streets, which were several programs implemented in eleven cities (Los Angeles, Oakland, San Francisco, Seattle, Portland, Denver, Chicago, Minneapolis, Detroit, Boston, and New York) in the United States. The programs were intended to keep people healthy by providing temporary public spaces on residential roads where residents were allowed to exercise and socialize. Some practitioners characterized the programs as tactical urbanism or tactical placemaking and as agile responses to the public health crisis. The programs deserve a critical reflection, considering their potential impact on community health and the limited amount of the literature on the program in terms of design justice, which is an approach to design that prioritizes marginalized communities and challenges their structural inequality. This reflective study attempts to fill that gap in the literature of architecture and urban design. This article aims to examine whether the Slow Streets programs promoted design justice. To address that aim, we propose a social justice framework to evaluate the program, because social justice is essential to design justice. Data from publicly available information online about the eleven cities’ Slow Streets programs, interviews, surveys, focus groups, and the interdisciplinary literature support the qualitative research. The study outcomes suggest that the Slow Streets program had limited success because their attention to the priorities of underserved populations was ineffective. We argue that while the programs provided a timely response to the pandemic, the programs did not adequately address the vulnerability of low-income communities of color due to the limited consideration of design justice. Building on the lessons from social justice and human geography, the article concludes with recommendations for future practices including place-cultivating and human geography-informed design to better serve vulnerable communities of color.
... Sering kali, kelompok-kelompok tertentu, seperti masyarakat berpenghasilan rendah atau kelompok minoritas, kurang terwakili dalam proses pengambilan keputusan yang berkaitan dengan tata kelola kota. Hal ini dapat menyebabkan kebijakankebijakan yang diambil tidak sesuai dengan kebutuhan mereka, sehingga memperparah ketimpangan yang ada (Harvey, 2012). Masalah lingkungan juga menjadi tantangan besar dalam mencapai keberlanjutan kota. ...
Transformasi ibu kota negara merupakan salah satu langkah strategis yang ditempuh untuk mengatasi berbagai permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh kota Jakarta sebagai pusat pemerintahan dan ekonomi. Kemacetan lalu lintas, polusi udara, hingga keterbatasan ruang hijau merupakan beberapa isu yang diharapkan dapat diatasi dengan pemindahan pusat pemerintahan ke wilayah yang baru. Lebih dari sekadar perpindahan, transformasi ini diharapkan mampu menciptakan ibu kota yang mencerminkan nilai-nilai keberlanjutan, ramah lingkungan, serta memperhatikan keadilan sosial bagi seluruh lapisan masyarakat.
Melalui buku ini, kami berupaya untuk menyajikan berbagai aspek yang melingkupi proses transformasi ibu kota, mulai dari perencanaan dan desain tata ruang, pembangunan infrastruktur, manajemen lingkungan, hingga aspek sosial dan ekonomi yang turut membentuk ibu kota baru. Buku ini juga membahas tantangan yang dihadapi selama proses pembangunan serta strategi untuk
mencapainya.
... In a more mobile housing landscape, land and property values can easily rise, providing opportunities to close the rent gaps generated by the economics of land. All the above ultimately create specific socio-spatial dynamics characterised by precarity and inequality (Harvey, 2013;Rolnik, 2019). ...
Housing instability is closely related to housing precarity and inequality. Households experiencing housing instability change residences frequently, facing difficulties in staying put, which has been proven detrimental for families. This study explores the geographical outcomes of housing instability showing how this phenomenon distributes in Malmö, Sweden, creating different spatial and temporal patterns. The paper relies on registered-based data aggregated to geographical coordinates to identify places of transience and uses k-nearest neighbour for measuring the intensity of unstable moves in spatial terms. Furthermore, the mapping of housing instability across four distinct time frames spanning from 1990 to 2020 illustrates the temporal unfolding of these patterns. The findings indicate a progression of housing instability spreading from specific spatial points to a more widespread dispersion of transience. This suggests an overall change in the city which may be linked to transformations in housing politics and policies.
... Les changements spatiaux, physiques, sociaux, culturels et économiques s'accélérant, le désaveu de la production industrielle et l'orientation nouvelle vers une économie culturelle et technologique, favorisera cette transition d'un des derniers bastions de l'industrie fordiste, marqué par des modes de production et de consommation plus adaptés à l'époque. Accompagnant ce mouvement de désindustralisation, les années 1990 verront s'accroître les phénomènes de polarisation sociale et de gentrification lesquels deviendront un enjeu crucial de l'urbanisme à Vancouver (Blomley, 2004 ;Hutton, 2004 ; Burnett 2013) comme ailleurs (Hamnett, 1991 ;Harvey 2012). ...
Cet article se propose de contribuer à la réflexion sur la pratique de la rephotographie à partir d’un terrain de recherche mené dans la ville de Vancouver au Canada. Ce terrain de recherche se situe géographiquement dans le quartier post-industriel de False Creek Flats qui est aujourd’hui en cours de requalification urbaine et suit un programme majeur de restructuration à l’horizon 2037. J’ai tenté de cerner la dynamique des transformations de cette zone urbaine, par l’intermédiaire de deux sources visuelles – des captations photographiques systématiques in situ et des recherches dans les archives visuelles de Vancouver – afin d’aboutir, par leur composition, à une proposition de rephotographie narrative. Les montages réalisés permettent de construire un contre-récit à celui, officiel, d’une ville sans « histoire ». Ils s’attachent à réintroduire le temps long en renouant avec le passé aquatique de la baie.
... The deployment of a totalizing apparatus of security and criminality has seen public space and the right to public space removed through surveillance, privatization, and policing (Harvey 2013, Lefebvre et al. 1996, Mitchell 2003, Soja 2010. In the late 1990s, as public space was being eroded, Ultra-red used field recording, audio intervention, and sonic documents to challenge legal issues and raise questions and change awareness around inequalities concerning queer public sex. ...
This paper examines queer sex and public space usage in Los Angeles’ Griffith Park through a series of recordings produced by the sound collective Ultra-red. Ultra-red have been using sound as a mode of political analysis since 1994 when they were founded by two AIDS activists in Los Angeles. This paper works in particular with two records released by Ultra-red in the late 1990s: an EP Ode to Johnny Rio (1998) and album Second Nature: An Electroacoustic Pastoral (1999), which are often referred to collectively as the Second Nature. For the Second Nature project, they draw their sound material from the public and private soundscapes of everyday queer life and cruising in Griffith Park. Ultra-red’s compositions rely on looping, fragmentation, and a radical approach to cutting audio. This disrupts both the musicality and linearity we might expect from recordings that present themselves almost as documentaries that pits queer behaviors, bodies, and identities against the suburban conceits of those who call for laws that curb the behavior in the park through policing, entrapment, barring traffic, and issuing tickets to gay men for loitering and sexual behavior.
... [4], Harvey D. [7], дослджуються питання високотехнологічного розвитку, розвитку інноваційної сфери та побудові «розумних міст». ...
Innovation parks are key elements of modern innovation infrastructure aimed at the development of science, technology and support of entrepreneurship. In the conditions of rapid transformational changes caused by the development of digital technologies, globalization processes, growing requirements for environmental sustainability and social responsibility, innovative parks are faced with the need to adapt their business models and management approaches to maintain competitiveness and increase efficiency. The purpose of the presented work is to determine the features of the impact of transformational changes on the efficiency of the functioning of innovation parks. Methods used in the work: logical method, method of comparison, methods of analysis and synthesis, methods of deduction and induction, tabular and graphic methods for visual presentation of research results. It is also substantiated that the impact of transformational changes is manifested in the need for the integration of the latest technologies, digital solutions, as well as the application of innovative formats of cooperation, which leads to the rapid renewal of park infrastructure, the development of new services and approaches to knowledge management. Changes in the labor market, increased requirements for the qualifications of employees, and the intensification of work on projects focused on environmental sustainability make innovation parks centers of socio-economic progress and adaptation to the requirements of sustainable development. The impact of transformational changes is manifested in the need to integrate the latest technologies, digital solutions, as well as the use of innovative formats of cooperation, which leads to the rapid renewal of park infrastructure, the development of new services and approaches to knowledge management. Changes in the labor market, increased requirements for the qualifications of employees, and the intensification of work on projects focused on environmental sustainability make innovation parks centers of socio-economic progress and adaptation to the requirements of sustainable development. Thus, analyzing the impact of transformational changes on innovation parks is an important task for determining their role in the modern economy and finding effective solutions to preserve their relevance and effectiveness in the face of constant changes.
... Spatial (in)equality. Synthesizing perspectives from different stakeholder groups, designers might also see conflicts emerging across different communities -as well as conflicts occurring at the local versus global levels [51,64]. Namely, ideal design solutions for a specific community might contradict those for a broader society. ...
Designing public spaces requires balancing the interests of diverse stakeholders within a constrained physical and institutional space. Designers usually approach these problems through participatory methods but struggle to incorporate diverse perspectives into design outputs. The growing capabilities of image-generative artificial intelligence (IGAI) could support participatory design. Prior work in leveraging IGAI's capabilities in design has focused on augmenting the experience and performance of individual creators. We study how IGAI could facilitate participatory processes when designing public spaces, a complex collaborative task. We conducted workshops and IGAI-mediated interviews in a real-world participatory process to upgrade a park in Los Angeles. We found (1) a shift from focusing on accuracy to fostering richer conversations as the desirable outcome of adopting IGAI in participatory design, (2) that IGAI promoted more space-aware conversations, and (3) that IGAI-mediated conversations are subject to the abilities of the facilitators in managing the interaction between themselves, the AI, and stakeholders. We contribute by discussing practical implications for using IGAI in participatory design, including success metrics, relevant skills, and asymmetries between designers and stakeholders. We finish by proposing a series of open research questions.
... The architecturepower -territory triad has gained significant attention from scholars across disciplines due to its profound implications for understanding the dynamics of contemporary societies (Harvey, 2013;Holston & Appadurai, 1996;Miller & Nicholls, 2013;Roy, 2011). This multifaceted triad encapsulates how contemporary cities become conduits through which power is exerted, social hierarchies are reinforced, and new territorialities are shaped. ...
This study examines the conflictual dynamics surrounding the utilisation of state-architecture and symbolic imagery as instruments for power consolidation, profoundly shaping national identity and perceptions within the built environment. Drawing on Bourdieu's concepts of symbolic power and cultural capital, this research illuminates the complex interplay between architecture, territory and power. It offers insights into the endurance of societal values and the ongoing renegotiation and reconfiguration of urban space. The research also analyses how urban planning and territorial practices can ignite resistance and challenge existing power structures. The city of Caracas serves as a case study, where two key strategies employed by the current government are analysed: the "Great Housing Mission Venezuela" and the proliferation of Chávez symbolism across the urban realm. By exploring these territorialisation practices in Las Adjuntas, Macarao, the study further unveils the dynamics of power and socio-spatial hierarchies encoded in the urban landscape. These architectural and symbolic interventions are interpreted as attempts to shape perceived realities, consolidate hegemonic control, and regulate the city's socio-spatial order. The findings assert that these practices not only reflect power distribution, but also grant the potential for dominating, producing and controlling territories in nuanced ways. This multidisciplinary study provides a novel framework for decoding power structures embedded in the built environment.
... Rather, to use Harvey's words, "it is a right to change and reinvent the city more after our hearts' desire (…) [T]he freedom to make and remake ourselves and our cities is, " in Harvey's words, "one of the most precious yet more neglected human rights. " 11 From the women who delivered bread at dawn in the streets of Paris to the Uruguayan working families who spent their leisure time at the local beach, the stories these books tell reflect working peoples' struggle to make a living, participate in the life of their respective cities, and enjoy the same rights as every other urban citizen. ...
Labor scholars have increasingly recognized the need to look beyond the workplace and explore where and how workers lived, socialized, shopped, or protested. The six books reviewed in this essay contribute to understanding how modern cities shaped the process of working-class formation as well as workers’ identity, experiences, and economic and material conditions. From different standpoints, these urban and labor histories of Paris, Mexico City, Miami, Port Said, Montevideo, and Santiago, Chile, demonstrate the impact of urban modernization, industrial capitalism, and migration on working families. By bringing together books from different regions and historiographical traditions, this essay also reflects on the possibilities and challenges of writing a global labor urban history.
... Dessa forma, uma conexão interna surge entre o desenvolvimento do capitalismo e a urbanização. Dificilmente surpreendentemente, portanto, as curvas logísticas de crescimento da produção capitalista ao longo do tempo são amplamente paralelas às curvas logísticas de urbanização da população mundial (HARVEY, 2012). ...
This teaching case illustrates a dilemma for Gabriel, a young man working as head of Rio de Janeiro’s urban planning secretary in early 2022. Gabriel built a successful career at Brazil’s most prominent technology company in the private sector. Still, a new challenge that was too big to refuse changed everything – now, starting in the public sector, Gabriel is responsible for a massive project that had the potential to change Rio de Janeiro’s downtown and make Rio a leading smart city. The project attracted significant attention from construction companies interested in the benefits they would gain with the contract. Moreover, Gabriel needed the project to be approved by the city council. He was confident about the project and that it was the change Rio’s downtown needed. But change for whom? A meeting with Teresa, a councilwoman critical of the project, unveiled the reality of the city center and its population to Gabriel. Teresa was an architect and urbanist, an activist for urban struggles, who had worked previously in urbanization and popular housing projects. Teresa shed light on the overlooked reality of the city: before being “smart,” Rio’s downtown needed social housing, culture, and security, in other words, basic needs. Now, Gabriel questioned which “change” Rio needed. Could Gabriel understand Rio’s needs with his private sector mindset? Or does he have to adopt a new mindset, the mindset of a public manager? Would the stakeholders still fund the project if he embraced Teresa’s perspective? What should Gabriel do?
... However, despite these innovative strategies, almost all interviewee accounts underlined that the current neo-liberal transformation of the urban space, weakening of the welfare state and the restrictive immigration policies are crucial intervening factors limiting their strategies. As already foregrounded in the critical urban scholarship, the transformation of social movements and their potential to change both the meaning and structure of the urban space should be understood in line with the neoliberalizing urban space (see among others Harvey, 2012;Brenner et al. 2004;Purcell, 2008;Mayer, 2006Mayer, , 2009. Following German reunification, Berlin also witnessed extensive neo-liberalization and resultant austerity policies. ...
This article identifies the dynamics of the refugee rights movements that have emerged in the wake of the 2015 “summer of welcome.” Building upon “New Social Movements” research and fieldwork in Berlin, the research traces these movements’ motivations/aims, social composition/profile, mobilization strategies/repertories of action, and social location. In line with critical urban studies, the article also reflects on how specific urban space and existing political dynamics inform and structure refugee rights movements. Finally, this research seeks to provide insights into our understanding of the New Social Movements in general and refugee rights movements in particular.
... ). The Economic Development Department's focus on economic growth, potentially at the expense of broader human rights, echoes Lefebvre's concerns about urban development driven by business interests(Harvey, 2012;Lefebvre, 1967).Northfield's population is diverse, even by Australian standards. A human rights policy within councils like Northfield enables effective governance of diverse populations. ...
This article considers how a human rights culture in urban policymaking fits within wider theories of human rights cities. Specifically, it considers practical ways to bring together what local government officers consider the most important initiatives to enhance human rights in the city, and which initiatives are feasible to implement in the context of complex urban governance structures. It argues that principles of leadership, accountability, and operational capability are all integral to the successful implementation of a human rights approach in the city. This account is informed by empirical data from a research project undertaken in a city council located in Melbourne, Australia. This study used a mixed-methods approach combining conversations, focus groups, and a co-designed workshop with local government officers working in various departments in the city, local politicians, and community representatives. The workshop collected ideas on how to work successfully towards the implementation of a human rights policy in the city council and to understand how obstacles to implementation can be overcome by changing the culture in the organisation. The findings show that a lack of leadership, an overreliance on quantitative monitoring, and diffused operational capability hamper the implementation of a local human rights culture in this local government council. Recommendations are for councillors and CEOs in local governments to take a stronger leadership role and for residents to be more involved in the co-design of human rights initiatives in the community.
... Despite developing in law, a natural fit with the commons provides an alternative avenue to understand the social function (Foster and Iaione, 2016). As Pecile (2022) explains, reclaiming the social function in political praxis means affirming a constitutionally guaranteed right to the commons, embedded in collective property-based frameworks challenging the commodification of urban space, even resisting threats of enclosure by economic elites (Harvey, 2012). Such assertions claim a common stake in resources -like vacant land -constituting resources to be shared or made accessible to urban inhabitants (Foster and Iaione, 2016). ...
The issue of urban vacancy is both a complex and a prevalent phenomenon in multiple contexts globally, providing an opening to address systemic issues of precarity. In this article, I explore the issue of urban vacancy in São Paulo, where the problem of vacant property has been highlighted for years alongside housing challenges and socio-spatial segregation. While São Paulo’s real estate market is often unreachable for the urban poor, a Brazilian constitutional directive on the social function of property – the obligation to use property to further the common good – enables municipalities to take punitive action against owners of vacant property through a triad of policy tools. Therefore, despite the often-exclusionary nature of vacancy, transformational possibilities may exist. Exploring the application of these tools, I view urban vacancy through a perspective on common property, untangling emergent contestations and opportunities for transformation.
my chapter in which I use Derrida’s concept of “archive” to theorize remembering-forgetting, and aesthetics-subjecthood dialectics by reference to Toronto’s the Aga Khan Museum (AKM). Originally presented in 2015 meeting of the Society for the Study of Muslim Ethics https://www.ssmethics.org/previous-meetings/ . Now published in an excellent volume edited by Ben Muller and Can Mutlu, Architectures of Security: Design, Control, Mobility https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781786612229/Architectures-of-Security-Design-Control-Mobility .
My chapter available on academia-dot-edu and research-gate
I argue that memory is not intrinsic to objects/events of the past but is curated through relations of power. Also, in a world where Muslim minorities open a museum dedicated to Muslim heritage at the same time that Muslim extremists destroy ancient museums and artifacts (ISIS a decade ago when this chapter was written), the predicament of Muslims is not so much a crisis of belief but a crisis of memory.
Lots of good things about Aga Khan Museum, like: reterritorializes the colonial landscape, and goes against the narrative of Muslim backwardness and iconoclasm.
I also offer a critique of AKM, that in its transition from an eclectic private collection to a “public” archive, the museum and its artifacts and programs become strategic resources for crafting specific communal identities and relations of power. Accumulated artifacts housed in this Museum and its programs present “difference” of Ismaili Muslims as an organizing principle of social relations. This difference commodified and invested with surplus value is then exchanged for a privileged position within society’s opportunity structures. Of course, as immigrants (even living as a stateless refugee claimant for 7 years myself) we are all “settlers of color” implicated in the unjust structures of colonialist settlers power; but AKM’s representational practices is invested in production of memories, identities, histories, and overvaluation of differences in ways that is oblivious to this and perpetuates unequal relations of power. The problem with the AKM is that it deliberately implicates itself in constellations of power and fails to attend to power relations that are products and producers of the archive (such as hegemonic social, racial, class, and gender hierarchies).
There are many ways to address shortcomings of this Muslim institution (such as critical pedagogy and fostering organizational instability), a few of them I note and reference the rest at the end. I conclude that the strength of AKM lies in its potential to become a space of contact to produce a critical relationship to power, authority, and production of (alternative) radical subjectivities and become a transformative space that counters homogeneous normative subjectivities.
My last words: “Without creative conflictive openings within the archive’s power structure, the AKM will miss the potential for becoming a postcolonial, ethical, democratic, participatory—perhaps even radical—museum capable of reciprocal transformation. It risks becoming a simulacrum, like a theme park, at best contesting the tired narrative of the oriental other’s primitiveness, and at worst, an expensive monument to another minority begging to be included in the exclusive white European colonialist patriarchal club.”
Public space is premised on the free and equal access of citizens but its ‘order’ is always a precarious balance between homogeneity and diversity, freedom and oppression, superficial contact and deeper engagement. How is this balance tested and shifted by neoliberal urbanism when the city is both a site and agent in the process? Is the idea of public space still tenable with the increasing social polarization and diversification of citizens? How is the city shaped by commercialization and privatization, which are often blamed as the two main, related trends responsible for the recent transformation, or even alleged decline of public space? I argue in a few paradigmatic examples that we gain a less one-sided understanding of this transformation when it is viewed through an analytical lens that focuses on the reconfiguration of the modern republican matrix of liberty, equality and community, in which the ideal as well as critique of public space have historically been embedded.
Las atmósferas afectivas en la geografía humana: entre las geografías no representacionales y los ciberespacios emocionales (Resumen). Exploramos aquí la intersección de las atmósferas afectivas con las prácticas espaciales tanto en entornos físicos como digitales. Reconociendo la geografía humana como un campo que estudia las relaciones y prácticas espaciales que configuran el mundo y el lugar, el texto profundiza en cómo las geografías no representacionales, aquellas que enfatizan las experiencias y prácticas más allá de las representaciones simbólicas del espacio, ofrecen un marco valioso para comprender las atmósferas afectivas. Argumentamos que las atmósferas afectivas, que podríamos definir como espacio-tiempos cargados de un estado de ánimo, son fundamentales para la experiencia humana. Discutimos cómo estas atmósferas no solo son perceptibles en los entornos factuales, como ciudades, paisajes naturales y lugares de encuentro, sino también en los ciberespacios, entendidos como los entornos electrónicos donde las interacciones humanas ocurren a través de tecnologías digitales. En el ámbito de las geografías no representacionales, destacamos la importancia de los afectos y las emociones en la producción y experiencia del espacio, sugiriendo que los espacios físicos y los ciberespacios no son meramente contextos neutrales, sino participantes activos en la conformación de las experiencias humanas. También examinamos, a partir de diversos ejemplos, las mecánicas del diseño y la puesta en escena de atmósferas mostrando que puede funcionar como un arma de doble filo. Finalmente, llamamos a la mayor integración de las apuestas emocionales en el estudio de la geografía humana, argumentando que comprender las atmósferas afectivas es esencial para abordar cuestiones relacionadas con la identidad, el sentido de pertenencia, el papel del arte y las dinámicas de poder en los espacios físicos y digitales. Palabras clave: geografías no representacionales, atmósferas afectivas, ciberespacios emocionales.
During the last decades, culture-led urban regeneration has been a key element of urban policy and planning all over Europe. The chapter concentrates on the German experience, which differs from other European countries. Here, a special relation to culture has long let to a different approach that can be called “culture-aimed”, is based on secular traditions, a critical review of post-war demolitions and civic engagement and still reflects Weimar Classicism’s motto by acting “for the good, true and beautiful” in culture itself. However, the culture- led instrumentalisation of cultural assets has by now gained ground but has been contested in professional as well as public debate. Using a quantitative analysis of public contestation manifested in nearly 3,000 planning protests in seven major German cities between 2005 and 2020, the chapter explores how citizens and civil society challenged both culture-led and culture-aimed plans for urban regeneration. It asks whether the alternatives to urban policies articulated in some of these protests themselves represent sub-culture-led and sub-culture-aimed approaches of urban regeneration. Viewing local culture as an important aspect of collective and individual identity It argues that during the last two decades the contestations reflect both a wish to preserve secular traditions and to use cultural assets for more contemporary interpretations of “the good, true and beautiful” as the public policy has become more diverse. Culture is therefore a very much debated aspect of German urban regeneration, highlighting the importance of questions of identity in many planning protests, that on first sight address the provision of some sort of infrastructure.
Most urban poor in Kenya rely on overstressed, paid, shared standpipes and other alternative sources such as rivers, private water vendors and wells, which in most cases are illegal, exploitative and unsafe. This paper explores whether digital, automated, smart water vending machines like water ATMs could be a solution to cope with water insecurity. Drawing from ethnographic research in the Mathare slums of Nairobi, the study gives insights to the use of water ATMs propagated as 'smart', 'pro-poor' and 'low-cost' technology that has the potential to provide 'universal', 'safe', 'affordable' and 'equitable' water to the city's population unserved by the water utility network. From the users' perspective, water ATMs are affordable and flexible, yet unreliable and at times complicated. Water access still remains a collective struggle at the community level, constrained by an inadequate water supply and overstressed infrastructure controlled by water cartels. The study reinforces the idea that technologies are never value-neutral; rather, they co-evolve with social practices in situated contexts. Rather than 'smart', water ATMs are being redefined as 'hybrid' and 'heterogeneous' infrastructure by everyday practices. Being socio-technical systems, they exhibit a tendency to remain incomplete or open to adjustment, as per the need, triggering the reimagination of the residents of informal settlements.
“One island is enough” was written on a banner shaped like Penang Island, Malaysia, during a demonstration against the plan to create three artificial islands. The Penang South Reclamation (PSR) project, adopted by the local administration and developers, aims to finance the Penang Transport Master Plan (PTMP). This ambitious plan includes several components, such as monorail and light rapid transit lines. While land reclamation is not new in Penang, this mega-development project has faced unprecedented opposition from a wide range of actors. In dialogue with fishers and activists supporting the Penang Tolak Tambak (Penang Rejects Reclamation) campaign, and through the analysis of government documents, non-governmental reports, news articles, and social media, this paper traces how state, corporate, and civil society actors have shifted their focus from the PTMP to the PSR project. Thus far, scholarly literature on island environmental movements has focused on the right to the island and the right to nature, while claims related to the land-sea interfaces, which so clearly delineate island spatialities, have been somewhat neglected. By exploring the contested spatio-temporalities of this land reclamation project off the south coast of Penang, this paper expands the dialogue of the right to the island to include the right to the sea.
Based on the study of 24 urban insurgencies, in seven Brazilian metropolises, we discuss their principles, contextualization and results. Following a historical review of Brazilian urban practices and policies highlighting alternate hopes and deep disenchantments, we describe the methodology and present the case study. The conclusions are: there are still no signs of the replication of such experiences in more extensive practices; they suggest a preference for working detached from official governmental structures; they follow global commitments and aspirations in virtual and very informal consortiums but rather act locally and independently; they are most commonly found on the periphery and in abandoned downtown areas; they avoid hierarchical structures, advocate for minority causes, propose affirmative actions and rely on social media for their organization. In general, their impacts are restricted but suggest a pragmatism with feasible emergency solutions. The article's tone, also shaped by the authors' personal experiences, is quite positive and even suggests a possible urban utopia.
The suppression of public dissent in Iran has catalysed alternative forms of resistance, most notably Nocturnal Rooftop Slogan Chanting (NRSC). This study explores NRSC as an urban phenomenon, illuminating its role in reshaping nightscapes under an authoritarian regime. How can politically disenfranchised citizens reclaim urban spaces and assert their voices under oppressive conditions? It is argued that NRSC creates alternative sonic geographies, challenging conventional narratives of nightscapes and expanding spaces of dissent. Combining theoretical analysis with empirical observations, this study includes a thematic analysis of 158 videos of NRSC from 2021 to 2023 and provides insights into the characteristics and content of these protests. The findings reveal that NRSC fosters communal identities and challenges state control through the creation of dispersed, anonymous, yet interconnected acts of sonic occupation. It thus transforms urban nights into platforms for collective expression and symbolic resistance. The study also demonstrates that NRSC's effectiveness lies in its ability to leverage the urban nightscape, particularly the vertical dimension of rooftops, to create a pervasive soundscape of dissent. It invites further research into the role of sensory experiences in shaping political landscapes and suggests a re-evaluation of urban nights as crucial spaces of identity formation and resistance.
In Urban development, diversity respect is needed to prioritize and balance the urban development design for sustainable eco-city development. As a result, this research aimed to investigate the causal factor pathways of social network factors influencing sustainable eco-city development in the northeastern region of Thailand through a quantitative research approach. With the aim to survey insightful information, the analysis unit was conducted at the individual level with three hundred and eighty-three (383) samplings in Khon Kaen and Udon Thani provinces, including univariate analysis and multivariate analysis, using path analysis and multiple linear regression. The study results indicated that two pathways of social network factors influencing sustainable eco-city development were indirect influence factors. The indirect influence factor consists of information exchange, benefits exchange in the network, and members’ role in the social network. Additionally, the study revealed that the pathway has influences through social network types and the economic and social dimensions of sustainable cities (R2 = 0.330). Therefore, this study concluded that sustainable eco-city development should be implemented through community networks and economic and social network development for environmental development through social network types.
People tend to be less happy in cities than in rural areas, the so called “urban–rural happiness gradient.” The recent covid19 pandemic allows us to explore one of the disadvantages of large and dense cities: the faster spread of infectious diseases. Using the World Values Survey, we find a large differential, or effect size, pre v during pandemic for cities versus smaller areas—cities became two times less happy during the pandemic versus pre-pandemic compared to smaller areas. In absolute terms, while .2 to .5 difference on a 1–10 SWB scale is not large, given the massive scale of urbanization, the practical effect in the population is large. As in any non-experimental research, causality may not be present. The results from Great Britain, the Netherlands, and Uruguay studied here may not generalize to other countries, especially ones with much different covid19 rates, policy responses, and urbanization patterns.
Marx (1998), um dos mais influentes filósofos e teóricos sociais do século XIX, desenvolveu uma compreensão profunda do “ser social” que é central para sua teoria materialista histórica. Para Marx (1998), o ser social é definido pelas relações sociais e econômicas que os indivíduos estabelecem no processo de produção. Ele argumenta que a existência humana é determinada, em última instância, pelas condições materiais de vida, ou seja, pela forma como os seres humanos produzem e reproduzem sua existência material. Marx (1998) afirma que a estrutura da sociedade é composta por uma base econômica (a infraestrutura) e uma superestrutura político-ideológica. A infraestrutura econômica é formada pelos meios de produção (aplicação da força de trabalho e tecnologia) e pelas relações de produção (as maneiras de que as pessoas podem ser proprietárias e as formas de controle dos meios de produção). A superestrutura é composta pelas instituições políticas, jurídicas, religiosas e culturais que nascem da infraestrutura econômica e correspondem a ela. O conceito de ser social em Marx (1998) está muito ligado à alienação. Ele argumenta que os trabalhadores são alienados de várias maneiras no capitalismo, por exemplo, do produto de seu trabalho, do processo de trabalho, de sua própria essência humana e dos outros seres humanos. Tal alienação é uma consequência direta das relações de produção capitalista, ou seja, compra-se e vende-se a força de trabalho, mas não há controle sobre o resultado final ou mesmo das condições de trabalho. Ademais, Marx (1998) também ressalta o papel da práxis, isto é, da ação prática, na mudança das condições sociais. Ele acredita que a teoria deve ser inseparavelmente ligada à prática revolucionária e somente a criação da classe humana emancipada através da luta de classes será capaz da emancipação. O proletariado, ou seja, a classe trabalhadora, tem que fazer com que o capitalista, que possua os principais meios de produção, perca o controle sobre eles, de forma a abolição da classe trabalhadora e a formação de uma sociedade sem classes ser possível. Além disso, Marx considera o eu social um eu coletivo. Ele ridiculariza a filosofia liberal que os indivíduos como entidades isoladas e até mesmo autossuficientes. Ao invés disso, ele argumenta que as relações sociais formam as pessoas e por sua vez, a liberdade do ser individual o que só é possível com a liberdade coletiva. Assim, a emancipação, ou seja, a libertação dos indivíduos de suas dificuldades econômicas é uma das diretrizes para a socialização que irá também abalizar a condição humana. Em resumo, o conceito de ser social em Karl Marx é uma das chaves para a compreensão da sua crítica ao capitalismo e sua visão de uma sociedade comunista. Ele destaca a importância das condições materiais de vida, as relações de produção e a luta de classes na formação da consciência e identidade humanas. Através da práxis revolucionária, Marx acredita que é possível superar a alienação e construir uma sociedade onde os seres humanos possam se desenvolver plenamente como seres sociais.
The text deals with the social movements that took place in Salvador and in the captaincy/province/state of Bahia in the lengthy period from 1500/1549 to the present day, based on the results of research carried out for my book Salvador: transformações e permanências (Salvador: transformations and permanence) and other more recent materials. The text is divided into four parts. It begins with a literature review of social movements in Sociology and Geography. Then, given the extended period, the social movements in Salvador are divided into Colony, Empire and Republic. In the book, the notion of social movements was used as one of the transforming agents of the city. Keywords: Social movements; Salvador; Bahia.
This book provides a cross-urban account on murals, street art, and public art in cities around the globe. It reviews the rules, policies, and regulations that frame how murals and street art are managed across a range of cities and contexts. Murals and street art serve as dynamic stages for communities and individuals with multiple and sometimes opposing identities, with the potential to cause disturbance and conflict. The book investigates the challenges they present to cities and city administrations, and the policies and practices that are crafted to address them. The global landscape of today's mural policies is discussed comparatively across a range of cities, and the impact of written rules, unofficial practices, and institutional arrangements on city spaces, walls, and surfaces is examined. An important contribution to this growing field, the book will appeal to students, practitioners, and scholars with an interest in public art, municipal governance, public space management, cultural policy, and urban design.
The geographies of energy systems – as well their transformations – are uneven and contested. However, these contestations always entail possibilities for change: the transition towards more environmentally and socially just, sustainable and democratic energy systems. This article uses peripheries, conflicts and transformations as emblematic issue for illustrating the various contestations as well as emancipatory potentials of energy infrastructures which occur on the global, national, regional and local scale. Energy peripheries point to the multi-fold forms of uneven development in relation to energy. The term ‘energy conflicts’ highlights the contested character of such energy peripheries. Finally, energy transformations could provide new, more progressive, futures of energy supply and consumption which address the challenges of peripheries and conflicts. Based on a very brief overview of the existing literature on energy geography we plea for interlinked perspectives following the issues of energy peripheries, conflicts and transformations. These perspectives enable us to develop a critical geography of the uneven character of energy systems as well as of the possibilities to change them.
This chapter examines how Stieg Larsson's Millennium trilogy has contributed to Stockholm's narrative capital and generated significant place-related value, particularly in the form of tourism. This study's research question asks how popular culture narratives, such as those in the Millennium series, can contribute to economic and socio-cultural outcomes for a place. The focus is on how fiction-based narratives, despite being imaginary, have tangible impacts on real-world locations, in this case, Stockholm.
One of the central themes is the merging of fiction and reality, which creates new opportunities for tourism and place branding. The success of the Millennium narratives in attracting visitors to Stockholm exemplifies how popular culture can reframe the identity of a city. The global appeal of the trilogy, combined with its rich portrayal of Stockholm, has attracted tens of thousands of tourists eager to immerse themselves in the world of Lisbeth Salander and Mikael Blomkvist. These tourists seek real-life locations from books and films, contributing to the city’s cultural and economic landscape.
In conclusion, the case of the Millennium trilogy demonstrates how narrative capital can create cultural and economic value for a place. The trilogy's impact goes beyond the immediate financial benefits of tourism; it reshapes the place's cultural identity and strengthens its global brand. This case illustrates the broader potential of popular culture to generate long-lasting effects on the socio-economic landscape of a location. The chapter notes that "Millennium is a great contributor for place branding internationally" (Lind & Kristensson Uggla, 2018, p. 323), underscoring narratives' powerful role in shaping place-related value.
In this paper, I look at how the Istanbul hip-hop group Tahribad-ı İsyan has symbolized the expropriation of Sulukule, a predominantly Romani neighborhood demolished by municipal powers under the guise of urban renewal. By examining how the local government enacted this project, and showing how similar neoliberal city management policies instigated widespread social unrest across Turkey in 2013, I set the stage for a music video analysis that makes two ultimate claims. First, I propose that hip-hop enables the group to overcome the debilitating effects of enforced gentrification by recasting Sulukule’s urban decay as a “ghettocentric” urban landscape. Second, and in dialogue with the work of the Turkish urban geographers Ozan Karaman and Tolga Islam, I suggest that Tahribad-ı İsyan provides evidence of how music can construct bounded intra-urban identities amid discourses of borderless and open cities.
Since the liberalization of the Indian economy in 1991, profound changes have occurred in the structure of urban economies and labor markets. This paper examines the effects of these economic policies on internal migration patterns, the development of urban economies, and labor conditions in India. It highlights how liberalization, privatization, and globalization (LPG) have reshaped urban labor markets, leading to the growth of the informal sector and new forms of labor exploitation. By incorporating a Marxist perspective, the paper argues that these economic transformations have intensified class struggles, heightened socio-economic inequalities, and perpetuated structural disparities. Additionally, it explores the lived experiences of migrant workers, the dynamics of urban labor, and the socio-political consequences of these changes.
Par la création artistique hors des lieux dédiés, les arts de la rue modifient les modes de production des espaces publics urbains contemporains et participent ainsi à un renouvellement de la perception et des usages de la ville. Ces contre-propositions culturelles et territoriales sont donc productrices d’innovation sociale, puisqu’elles transgressent l’ordre établi en impulsant la mise en commun d’espaces urbains par les artistes et le public, dans un cadre majoritairement non marchand. En ce sens, les arts de la rue peuvent être envisagés comme laboratoire de l’altermétropolisation par l’expérimentation. La progressive institutionnalisation de ce monde de l’art ainsi que son caractère éphémère méritent toutefois d’être questionnés, puisque cela semble limiter sa dimension oppositionnelle.
Grassroots urban horticultural plots (hortas), part of the Porto Metropolitan Area in Northern Portugal, are presented as liminal spaces that hold a richness of community life and a “gift economy.” Often in existence for several decades and encompassing groups of over 20 or 30 people, these informal communities are, nevertheless, not cherished by the instances of city governance that do not stand in the way of the destruction of these low‐income urbanite horticultural communities. The use of de Certeau’s concepts of “strategy” and “tactics” are used to try and explain this incompatibility between these two forms of urban (self) governance that hinders the right to the city by the low‐income urbanites who have created these horticultural grassroots communities.
ResearchGate has not been able to resolve any references for this publication.