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Új magyar füvészkönyv. Magyarország hajtásos növényei. Határozókulcsok. / New Hungarian Herbal. The Vascular Plants of Hungary. Identification keys.

Authors:
Lajos Balogh at Savaria Museum, Hungary, Szombathely
Lajos Balogh
  • Savaria Museum, Hungary, Szombathely
Baráth Kornél
Baráth Kornél
Baráth Kornél
  • This person is not on ResearchGate, or hasn't claimed this research yet.
Zoltán Barina at WWF Hungary
Zoltán Barina
  • WWF Hungary
Dénes Bartha at University of Sopron, Sopron
Dénes Bartha
  • University of Sopron, Sopron
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Új magyar füvészkönyv
Magyarország hajtásos növényei
Határozókulcsok
Szerkesztette: Király Gergely
Aggteleki Nemzeti Park Igazgatóság
2009
Új magyar füvészkönyv
Magyarország hajtásos növényei
Határozókulcsok
A kötet a Környezetvédelmi Alap Célelõirányzat és a
Nemzeti Kulturális Alap támogatásával készült.
ISBN 978-963-87082-8-1 Ö
ISBN 978-963-87082-9-8
© A szerzõk
© Aggteleki Nemzeti Park Igazgatóság
Minden jog fenntartva.
A kötet részleges, vagy teljes felhasználása, sokszorozása, illetve utánközlése a Kiadó és a Szerzõk
engedélye nélkül tilos. Elektronikus keresõrendszerben nem tárolható és publikálható.
Kiadó:
Aggteleki Nemzeti Park Igazgatóság
H-3758 Jósvafõ, Tengerszem oldal 1.
Felelõs kiadó: Salamon Gábor
Borítóterv: Gór András
Nyomás és kötés: Alföldi Nyomda Zrt., Debrecen
Felelõs vezetõ: György Géza vezérigazgató
Szerkesztõ:
Király Gergely
A szerkesztõmunkatársai:
Virók Viktor, Szmorad Ferenc, Molnár V. Attila
Szerzõk:
Fischer, Manfred A.
Király Gergely
Lájer Konrád
Mesterházy Attila
Molnár V. Attila
Nagy Anikó
Németh Csaba
Papp László
Papp Mária
Pifkó Dániel
Lektorok:
Király Gergely
A kötet rajzait készítették:
Bíró Krisztina (1. oldal, 5.); Bíró Krisztina –Táborská Jana (31.);
Bódi Katalin (1.); Danyik Tibor (4.); Kóra Judit (borító, I-XVI., 18., 32.1, 33.,
34.1–56., 34.60–62, 35.), Molnár V. Attila (32.2, 34.57–59), Nagy Lili (3., 13.);
Nagy Lili –Táborská Jana (19.); Pótóné Oláh Emõke (14., 21., 22.); Táborská
Jana (2., 6–12., 15–17., 20., 24–30.); Varga Edit –Táborská Jana (23.)
A kötet ajánlott hivatkozása / Recommended citation:
Király G. (szerk.) (2009): Új magyar füvészkönyv. Magyarország hajtásos
növényei. Határozókulcsok. [New Hungarian Herbal. The Vascular Plants of
Hungary. Identification key.] –Aggteleki Nemzeti Park Igazgatóság,
Jósvafõ. 628 old.
Pintér István
Penksza Károly
Pfeiffer Norbert
Pótóné Oláh Emõke
Somlyay Lajos
Sramkó Gábor
Szerdahelyi Tibor
Udvardy László
Vidéki Róbert
Virók Viktor
Barina Zoltán
Bartha Dénes
Mesterházy Attila
Molnár V. Attila
Sramkó Gábor
Udvardy László
Vida Gábor
Balogh Lajos
Baráth Kornél
Barina Zoltán
Bartha Dénes
Bényeiné Himmer Márta
Csiky János
Dancza István
Dobolyi Konstantin
Facsar Géza
Farkas Sándor
Tartalom
„Elõljáró beszéd”................................................................................................ 6
Bevezetés ........................................................................................................... 10
Felhasznált és ajánlott irodalom......................................................................... 12
A fontosabb alaktani kifejezések magyarázata és ábrázolása ............................ 14
Általános határozókulcs......................................................................................39
Vízinövények (hínárnövények)................................................................................39
Fásszárú növények...................................................................................................43
Harasztok.................................................................................................................50
Virágzáskor zöld levél nélküli növények.................................................................51
Örvös levélállású lágyszárúak..................................................................................53
Tõkocsányos növények............................................................................................54
Fûszerû szárazföldi v. mocsári növények ................................................................56
Lágyszárú növények szabad szirmú virágokkal....................................................... 63
Lágyszárú növények forrtszirmú virágokkal ...........................................................68
Pteridophyta –Harasztok törzse ........................................................................ 71
Lycopsida –Korpafüvek osztálya ........................................................................... 71
Sphenopsida –Zsurlók osztálya .............................................................................. 72
Páfrányok osztálya –Pteridopsida........................................................................... 75
Gymnospermatophyta –Nyitvatermõk törzse ................................................... 87
Ginkgopsida –Ginkgófák osztálya.......................................................................... 87
Coniferopsida –Toboztermõk osztálya ................................................................... 87
Taxopsida –Tiszafák osztálya................................................................................. 92
Ephedropsida (Gnetopsida) –Gnétumok osztálya................................................... 92
Angiospermatophyta –Zárvatermõk törzse ....................................................... 93
Dicotyledonopsida –Kétszikûek osztálya ............................................................... 93
Monocotyledonopsida –Egyszikûek osztálya....................................................... 467
A kötetben szereplõ taxonnevek szerzõi.......................................................... 584
A magyar és tudományos növénynevek mutatója 599
... The total cover of the shrub layer (woody species above 50 cm height but below 5 cm diameter at breast height) was also registered in each quadrat by visual estimations. The nomenclature of plants follows Király (2009). ...
... For shrub cover, the relationship with light was not analyzed, because light values measured at 1.3 m height did not represent well the amount of light received by the shrub layer (which was higher than 1.3 m in several cases). Species were classified into functional groups such as annual forbs, perennial forbs (including fern species), graminoids (species of the families Poaceae, Cyperaceae, and Juncaceae) and woody regeneration based on the Raunkiaer's plant life-forms (Király, 2009); and the total cover of these groups was calculated as the sum of the cover of the species in the group. Bramble (Rubus fruticosus agg.) was considered and analyzed as a fifth, individual functional group, due to its distinctive growth characteristics and its special effect on the understory vegetation and oak regeneration (Kohler et al., 2020;Laurent et al., 2017). ...
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... Any seedlings that could not be identified were transplanted into separate 8.5 × 8.5 × 8 cm pots containing potting soil and grown until they could be identified. The nomenclature of the species followed Király (2009). To simulate natural summer conditions typical to the study area, and to enhance the germination of dormant seeds, we introduced a dry period of one month in August 2021, during which we did not water the boxes at all. ...
... Based on Chytrý et al., (2021) we assigned the pollination type(s) to each species and assigned species to two groups: i) insect-pollinated, i.e., species that obligatorily or facultatively rely on insect pollination (referred thereafter as 'insect-pollinated species'), and ii) not insect-pollinated, i.e., species that are completely independent from insect pollination, e.g., wind-pollinated or autonomous species. To each insect-pollinated species we assigned the colour of the flower based on Király (2009) according to which seven colour categories were established: white, yellow, red, pink, purple, blue, and green. For each plot, we calculated the total cover of insect-pollinated species belonging to each colour. ...
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... Distribution data of halophytes (in this study salt-adapted vascular plants living in terrestrial environments) and their vegetation types at low syntaxon unit (associations) constitute several data sources: (2011), (Hartenauer et al. 2012) and Kaźmierczakowa et al. (2014); for Austria, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, and Serbia, for example, Wendelberger (1943), Vicherek (1973), Toman (1976), Király (2009), Borhidi et al. (2012), Bartha et al. (2015); for Romania, for example, Soó (1947), Sârbu et al. (2013) and Grigore and Cojocariu (2020). For the distribution of coastal species outside our study area, we used global distribution maps by Meusel and Jäger (1992). ...
Diversity Drivers of Inland Saline Vegetation—What Unites Them and Divides Them?
Article
Full-text available
  • May 2025
The current knowledge on vegetation of salt‐affected habitats has been advanced, calling for a supra‐regional assessment. We evaluate the common and distinct features of inland saline/alkaline landscapes of temperate Europe in terms of floristic composition, vegetation types, and abiotic conditions to find out what are the main drivers of their spatial variability and diversity. We delineate 13 subregions with a high occurrence of inland saline/alkaline habitats and by utilizing extensive field surveys in the past 20 years we analyze factors presumably affecting their variability: the size of the area, its proximity to the seacoast, and bioclimatic variables. We subjected them to descriptive statistics and ANOVA; principal components analysis was performed to reduce the number of dimensions for each dataset; correlation analysis was conducted to identify the statistical dependence between the diversity of subregions and observed factors. Despite the general uniformity typical for saline habitats, we observed that the subregions exhibit significant dissimilarity. Among the 107 autochtonous plant specialists, they have in common only one obligate and five facultative halophytes (Puccinellia distans agg.; Carex distans, Juncus gerardi, Lotus tenuis, Schoenoplectus lacustris subsp. glaucus and Trifolium fragiferum). The size of the subregion and its distance from the nearest seas did not affect the overall variability. Higher halophyte richness is driven by the broader range of abiotic and biotic prerequisites, especially the specific climate featuring summer evaporation causing various salinization levels in the soil, which is the most pronounced in the central subregions of the Pannonian Lowland. In its peripheries, the effect of specific conditions is lower, generating a reduced richness of halophytes, and in the subregions of the North German and Polish Plain and the Transylvanian Basin, the edaphic conditions (salt springs from salt deposits) take the main role, resulting also in a decreased halophyte richness and variability.
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... The survey took place in June 2022, as the plant diversity of our WFFs can be estimated the most reliably during that month. In each quadrat, we recorded all vascular plant species using Király (2009), the cover of each plant species, bare soil and litter, with a total cover of 100% (i.e., no multiple vegetation layers). Species with very small cover were noted with 0.01% cover. ...
Contrasting Patterns of Plants, Bees, Hoverflies and Spiders in Different Habitats in a Central European Agricultural Landscape
Article
Full-text available
  • Dec 2024
Semi‐natural grasslands and their biodiversity decline rapidly, although they are key elements of agricultural landscapes. Therefore, there is a need for the re‐establishment of semi‐natural grasslands in intensively managed farmlands (e.g., via sowing wildflower seeds). Our knowledge, however, is limited on how different arthropod groups may respond to such newly established wildflower fields. This knowledge gap is especially relevant for the Pannonian biogeographical region, and more generally for Central Europe, where there is little to no evidence so far. We aimed to compare three different habitats (i.e., sown wildflower fields (WFF), semi‐natural road verges and adjacent crop fields) in terms of their species and individual numbers and assemblage compositions to reveal differences between primary producers (plants), pollinators (bees and hoverflies) and predators (spiders). We selected eight landscapes in Central Hungary within conventionally managed crop areas. We analysed species and individual numbers by generalised linear mixed models (GLMM) and the assemblage composition with non‐metric multidimensional scaling for each taxon in the three habitats. Crop, road verge and WFF habitats had distinct assemblages for each studied group, indicating clear separation among habitats. There are, however, contrasting patterns in the diversity measures of the studied groups. Crop fields are the poorest in both species and individual numbers, road verges harboured the highest abundance of spiders, while WFF had the most bees and plants. No clear pattern for hoverflies emerged. Our results suggest that the studied habitats do not harbour all groups in equal share. We propose that the design of future restorations in Central European farmlands should target a diversity of habitat types needed to support a wide range of functional groups.
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... The names of the plant taxa are used according to Király (2009 ...
A new Paraepitrimerus species (Acari: Acariformes: Eriophyoidea) from Hungary on an endemic plant, Minuartia frutescens (Caryophyllaceae)
Article
  • Jul 2024
A new vagrant species of phyllocoptine mites, Paraepitrimerus abaujensis n. sp. associated with Minuartia frutescens (Caryophyllaceae) is described and illustrated from Hungary.
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Host specificity of Cuscuta species: is it a cause or a consequence of the habitat preference?
Article
Full-text available
  • Jan 2025
  • PLANT SOIL
Aims The genus Cuscuta comprises nearly 200 parasitic plant species. Sympatric Cuscuta species are considered to occur in different habitat types. We investigated the reasons for the observed habitat preference addressing the following questions: Can host specificity explain the habitat preference? Can soil characteristics influence habitat preference? Methods We sampled 543 vegetation plots and collected 56 soil samples from the habitats of C. europaea, C. campestris, C. epithymum, C. lupuliformis, and C. australis in Hungary. The percent cover, maximum height, and parasitism status of each species were recorded in every plot. The species composition and soil parameters of the habitats were compared using multivariate data analysis. Results Habitats of the examined parasites significantly differed from each other based on species number and composition, as well as vegetation cover and height. However, species compositions in the habitat of the same Cuscuta species also varied considerably in different localities. We also found that the host range of the same Cuscuta species differed greatly in different locations. None of the dodders had any essential host species without which they could not survive and develop. Additionally, the habitats of the examined Cuscuta species significantly differed from each other based on soil conditions. Conclusion Host specificity alone does not explain the strong preference of these host generalist parasites for certain habitats. Rather, the complex system of biotic and abiotic factors, including the mineral composition of the soil, determines the habitats of dodders.
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Assessing the Impact of Grazing and Restoration Methods on Pannonian Grasslands
Article
Full-text available
  • Dec 2024
Our study examined the impact of grazing by Hungarian Grey cattle on plant communities in grasslands restored and established through different methods. The grasslands were established and restored in 2009 using five methods: (I) naturally regenerating fallow, (II) hay-mulch addition, (III) seeded grassland following soil preparation, (IV) grazing on abandoned alfalfa fields, and (V) overseeded fallow initiated in 1989. From 2009 to 2011, all sites were uniformly mowed, after which they were grazed using free-ranging Hungarian Grey cattle starting in 2012. This project aims to restore traditional land use and dry grassland grazing in the region. Phytosociological recordings were conducted in 2012, the first year following grazing initiation, and again in 2020, nine years later. We assessed the botanical composition and grassland management value across sites in a 260-hectare experimental area within the Pannonian biogeographic region. The current study seeks to determine how different grassland restoration techniques have influenced the botanical composition and grassland management values of pastures and to identify the most suitable restoration methods. Statistical analyses were conducted using R to assess species count differences across four vegetation categories. The results indicate that the overseeded fallow established in 1989 and the hay-mulch addition method were the most effective techniques. Directly seeded grasslands and abandoned alfalfa fields differed most significantly from these areas. Across all types, species richness and total cover increased relative to the initial conditions in 2012, and the naturalness of the species composition also improved. Returning to traditional land use improved the ecological state of all sites. Restoration of the grazed areas proved optimal over the elapsed period, with two years of mowing followed by grazing. Grazing with Hungarian Grey cattle, a low-impact rustic breed, yielded successful grassland restoration outcomes. Among the restoration methods, direct seeding and the use of alfalfa fields proved uneconomical and ineffective in promoting the desired species composition. Natural regeneration and, particularly, the hay-mulch addition method, were the most effective for conservation and grassland management.
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Cenchrus spinifex – a new grass species from Croatia
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This article reports on Cenchrus spinifex Cav. (Poaceae) as a new alien species in Croatia. Cenchrus spinifex was found in autumn 2023 on the Pelješac peninsula in the southernmost part of the country. It occurs on ruderal sites with sandy soils. The morphology, habitat and distribution of the species in the Mediterranean and south-east Europe are briefly described and discussed.
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Cenchrus spinifex – a new grass species from Croatia
Article
Full-text available
  • Jul 2024
This article reports on Cenchrus spinifex Cav. (Poaceae) as a new alien species in Croatia. Cenchrus spinifex was found in autumn 2023 on the Pelješac peninsula in the southernmost part of the country. It occurs on ruderal sites with sandy soils. The morphology, habitat and distribution of the species in the Mediterranean and southeast Europe are briefly described and discussed.
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The Effect of Climate on Strongly Disturbed Vegetation of Bait Sites in a Central European Lower Montane Zone, Hungary
Article
Full-text available
  • Jul 2024
Human landscape-transforming activities contribute to the global change in vegetation in different forms. Hunting is one of the most ancient human landscape-shaping activities. Feeders for hunting are particularly disruptive to vegetation. In the present study, we conducted a vegetation survey in these highly disturbed places. We investigated the vegetation dynamics over several years in the turkey oak–sessile oak zone, in two areas with different moisture and shade conditions (forest and clearing). Important background factors are the changes in precipitation and temperature. Our results confirm that weed infestation is detectable at bait sites over a long period. The seasonal changes in field weed vegetation, as well as the increase in the number and coverage of weed species at the end of summer, resulting from lifestyle characteristics, were generally detectable in all years and locations, especially in the case of open and more strongly degraded clearings. Meteorological factors played a role in the degree of weed infestation in each year. Degradation was more significant in drought years, while regeneration was also observed in wetter periods. At baits located in the clearing, we showed a positive correlation between the amount of summer precipitation and the total coverage of weed species, as well as between the average spring temperature and the coverage of certain weed species. With the drying of the climate, the disturbed areas are constantly losing their natural value, but wetter weather is not an automatic solution either. Considering that there are approx. 30,000 bait sites in the country, and they are used regularly and very intensively, they can serve as major infection hotspots for alien species in a network.
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