Designing and Conducting Mixed Method Research
... This study employed a quantitative research approach and cross-sectional descriptive design [7]. The nature of the study itself influenced the use of a quantitative approach, as quantitative methods are ideal for objectively measuring perceptions and relationships between variables across a large sample [7]. ...
... This study employed a quantitative research approach and cross-sectional descriptive design [7]. The nature of the study itself influenced the use of a quantitative approach, as quantitative methods are ideal for objectively measuring perceptions and relationships between variables across a large sample [7]. In particular, for research question one, numerical measures facilitate measuring perceived ICT competencies across a broad range of participants, ensuring representativeness and generalizability. ...
... Descriptive analysis was carried out to answer research question one on perceived ICT competencies of student-teachers across aspects of education. This involved the performance of descriptive statistical central tendencies including means, standard deviations and percentages [7]. Next, inferential analysis was performed in order to answer research question two, which is about determining the nature of the relationship between student-teachers' initial knowledge acquisition in ICT and their subsequent levels of knowledge deepening. ...
In the present digital age, improved teacher digital competencies are increasingly becoming an important component of teachers' qualifications. The purpose of this study was to investigate the digital competencies level of student-teachers and probe the areas for improvement. The subject of this study was undergraduate student-teachers in their final year of Bachelor of Education degree programmes from the College of Education at one of the public Universities in Tanzania. Purposive and convenience sampling techniques were employed to get a sample of 549 participants. The study employed the UNESCO ICT Competency Framework for Teachers (ICT CFT) as a theoretical framework. The study employed a quantitative approach and descriptive cross-sectional design. Data were collected through an online survey that included six competency areas linked to teachers' professional practices. Data analysis procedures included descriptive and inferential analysis. The findings revealed that student-teachers perceived their digital competencies as moderately higher at the knowledge acquisition level and moderately low at the knowledge deepening level of ICT CFT. The results also demonstrated that student-teachers were more competent in integrating technology in educational aspects that are indirectly linked to teaching (e.g. teacher professional learning, and organization and administration) and less competent in educational aspects that are directly linked to classroom teaching (e.g. pedagogy, and curriculum and assessment). The study further established a positive and statistically significant association between student-teachers' digital competencies and knowledge acquisition and knowledge deepening levels. The results of the present study signify the importance of developing student-teachers' digital competencies across all educational aspects. However, in order to guarantee technology integration in classroom teaching, it is recommended that teacher education programmes focus more on improving student-teachers' digital competencies in competency areas that are directly linked to classroom pedagogical practices.
... While using alone, both questionnaire and semi-structured interviews presented flaws in capturing the dynamic of learner autonomy during the pandemic. For example, a large-scale questionnaire might neglect some critical features of the context, whereas qualitative data could not depict the general trends of learner autonomy during school lockdowns (Creswell & Clark, 2018). Therefore, rather than depending on a quantitative or qualitative research design exclusively, we employed a convergent mixed method. ...
... Therefore, rather than depending on a quantitative or qualitative research design exclusively, we employed a convergent mixed method. The convergent mixed method offered a more detailed and trustworthy illustration of EFL learners' autonomy, as it highlighted the comparison between quantitative and qualitative results (Creswell & Clark, 2018). The mixed method in our study included a questionnaire and four semi-structured interviews. ...
As the primary and immediate learning context, schools are underrepresented in learner autonomy studies. Scholars’ concerns over the intricate nature of schools lead to inadequate attention on the medium of learner autonomy development. To fill this research gap, a convergent mixed method design included a self-developed questionnaire, and four semi-structured interviews were employed to examine the non-English major sophomores’ learner autonomy during the COVID-19 pandemic. The triangulation of quantitative and qualitative evidence yielded that between a public and a private university, there was a statistically significant difference in English as a foreign language (EFL)s’ motivation for autonomous learning during the COVID-19 lockdown. But other than the degree of motivation, no difference was captured regarding EFLs’ belief and knowledge of autonomous English learning, as well as their metacognitive knowledge. Overall, EFLs were confident about their capacity to do autonomous English learning but engaged in a few systematical autonomous English learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on the results, discussions over Chinese EFLs’ learner autonomy and possible explanations for the motivation differences are included. Pedagogy implications and limitations are elaborated on at the end. Plain Language Summary Using a mixed method design, this study reveals the English as a foreign language (EFL) learner autonomy and the role of schools in differentiating it, during the COVID-19 pandemic. The triangulation of quantitative and qualitative data yielded that despite mainfesting confidence in their capacity for autonomous learning, Chinese EFL learners did not engage in active, systematic autonomous language learning during the lockdowns. The motivation for autonomous English learning differed between universities, with learners from the less prestigious private University Qiu demonstrating more motivation than EFLs from the top public University Nan. The study contributes to understanding EFL learner autonomy during a challenging time of school lockdowns and their motivation issues. It highlights the discrepancy between learners’ self-reported autonomy and engagement in independent language learning. Additionally, it challenges the assumption that learners from prestigious universities would exhibit higher motivation for autonomous learning, showing that motivation can vary depending on the university context.
... This method is primarily exploratory research that implies an interpretive and naturalistic approach: "Qualitative researchers study things in their natural settings, attempting to make sense of, or to interpret, phenomena in terms of the meanings people bring to them." (Denzin & Lincoln, 2010) This research method is a means for understanding the meaning groups or individuals ascribe to a human or social issue (Creswell & Plano-Clark, 2017). This paper intends to achieve a deep understanding of CSR projects concerning multi-ethnic communities in George Town's heritage enclave from CSR executives' point of view (Babbie, 2008). ...
... According to Creswell and Plano-Clark (2017), an in-depth interview is an appropriate strategy to collect data for a case study. An in-depth interview allows the researchers to focus on the description of the meanings of phenomena (Ritchie, 1996). ...
In 2008, George Town was granted the UNESCO status. The state government has initiated the establishment of the State Heritage Committee (SHC) to manage the heritage enclave. Founded in 1996, the Committee includes the local, state and federal-level organisations, local community leaders, and heritage experts. However, there have been issues with efforts to manage George Town’s heritage properties. The problem occurs among the state, federal governments and civil society organisations. This paper investigates CSR heritage projects in UNESCO George Town, Penang. Participants involved in this paper are the CSR executives of local, state and federal organisations. This qualitative research employs in-depth interviews. Research findings indicate three patterns of CSR heritage projects in UNESCO Penang: (1) CSR heritage project categories relating to cultural heritage, (2) the institutionalisation of CSR heritage projects are established according to organisations’ objectives, and (3) CSR heritage projects are being practised across religions, regardless of ethnicity.
... Purposive sampling is a nonprobability sampling technique commonly used when research does not aim to generalize results (Etikan et al., 2016). Qualitative research benefits from purposive sampling due to the rich information collected from individuals targeted based on their experience with the phenomenon of focus (Patton, 2002;Creswell and Plano Clark, 2011). ...
Self-regulated learning (SRL) is associated with adaptable, critical, lifelong thinking skills. Teachers are essential to promoting SRL in learners, yet infrequently teach these learning strategies in classrooms. We addressed three research questions: (1) How do K–5 teachers implement SRL in their teaching?, (2) How is the use of SRL strategies linked to their self-efficacy or confidence in teaching?, and (3) How do teachers differ in their use of SRL depending on school type (public vs. private)? Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 primary in-service teachers, sampled equally from one public and one private school, to explore their SRL practices. They frequently utilized SRL in implicit ways. Further themes included setting goals based on student needs, monitoring student progress, and thereby adapting instruction. Teachers were largely confident about incorporating SRL into their instruction. Public school participants relied on time management and tracked student progress in more summative ways than their private school counterparts.
... A mixed-method approach was used in this research by employing semi-structured qualitative and quantitative methods through a questionnaire to determine the analysis of digital literacy's role and lecturers' perspectives in utilizing digital literacy [21]. The questionnaire was distributed from January to March, 2022 via Google Forms, e-mail, Facebook, and Instagram, as well as in private and group WhatsApp chat. ...
This research explores how educators view digital literacy in virtual instruction, examining the impact of both internal and external factors on digital skills. Through a combination of methods, information was obtained from surveys completed by 103 lecturers and from detailed interviews with 15 lecturers in Tangerang City. Results indicate that 76.7% of respondents feel external factors, such as institutional support and infrastructure, are primary drivers for successful digital integration. Additionally, 69.9% of lecturers reported that internal factors, including attitudes, beliefs, and intentions, directly impact their digital teaching effectiveness. Educators proficient in digital literacy supported interactive online environments, while those with limited skills faced challenges that impacted student engagement and comprehension. The findings highlight the significance of ongoing digital literacy education, backing from organizations, and establishment of policies to encourage effective digital incorporation. These results emphasize the key role of digital literacy in improving online teaching and provide guidance for institutions seeking to enhance teacher preparedness in digital education
... Of the 85 total respondents to the prescreening Qualtrics form, 71 participants met the above criteria and were willing to be interviewed. A non-probabilistic, purposive sampling approach (Creswell & Plano Clark, 2011) was then used to select 10 participants for semistructured interviews. A mixture of participants with differing professional backgrounds and mentoring experiences, as indicated by their responses to the prescreening Qualtrics form (see Table 2), were selected (see Table 3). ...
... This study employs a mixed methods approach to investigate the intricate dynamics of digital literacy integration in higher education. Guided by Creswell's methodology (Creswell & Clark, 2018), the research explores the direct impact of lecturers' psychological readiness, teaching skills, and perceptions of digital literacy integration. This comprehensive design allows for an in-depth analysis, considering the moderating effects of institutional factors and peer influence (Memon et al., 2019). ...
Exploring the Integration of Digital Literacy (DL) in Higher Education (PT) is a complex and continuously developing relationship. This research aims to identify barriers and factors for effective integration and assess their impact on learning. This research uses mixed methods to measure 93 lecturers from various academic backgrounds, and teaching experiences to reveal the multifaceted dynamics of DL integration by examining experiences, perceptions, and institutional factors that influence lecturers. Correlation findings reveal distinct relationships, while regression and structural equation modeling highlight the explanatory power of selected predictors. The findings of this research have practical implications for lecturers, administrators, and policymakers in higher education. Additionally, this research contributes to the scholarly discourse by capturing diverse narratives surrounding the integration of DL in HE. This increased understanding of research opens up opportunities for future research in the form of further investigation into the specific dynamics of peer influence and the impact of institutional policies. In conclusion, higher education institutions adapt to the digital era's demands, and collective research and practice efforts can form an inclusive and adaptive education system.
... Throughout the study, participants provided data by completing electronic surveys sent by the study team (baseline, end of study [6 weeks], and when triggered by algorithm), as well as by active and passive use of the Rhythms platform. A purposively sampled [17,18] group of participants participated in qualitative interviews with a member of the study team at the end of the study. An overview of the study design and procedures is presented in Figure 1. Figure 1. ...
Background
Mental health treatment is hindered by the limited number of mental health care providers and the infrequency of care. Digital mental health technology can help supplement treatment by remotely monitoring patient symptoms and predicting mental health crises in between clinical visits. However, the feasibility of digital mental health technologies has not yet been sufficiently explored. Rhythms, from the company Health Rhythms, is a smartphone platform that uses passively acquired smartphone data with artificial intelligence and predictive analytics to alert patients and providers to an emerging mental health crisis.
Objective
The objective of this study was to test the feasibility and acceptability of Rhythms among patients attending an academic psychiatric outpatient clinic.
Methods
Our group embedded Rhythms into the electronic health record of a large health system. Patients with a diagnosis of major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, or other mood disorder were contacted online and enrolled for a 6-week trial of Rhythms. Participants provided data by completing electronic surveys as well as by active and passive use of Rhythms. Emergent and urgent alerts were monitored and managed according to passively collected data and patient self-ratings. A purposively sampled group of participants also participated in qualitative interviews about their experience with Rhythms at the end of the study.
Results
Of the 104 participants, 89 (85.6%) completed 6 weeks of monitoring. The majority of the participants were women (72/104, 69.2%), White (84/104, 80.8%), and non-Hispanic (100/104, 96.2%) and had a diagnosis of major depressive disorder (71/104, 68.3%). Two emergent alerts and 19 urgent alerts were received and managed according to protocol over 16 weeks. More than two-thirds (63/87, 72%) of those participating continued to use Rhythms after study completion. Comments from participants indicated appreciation for greater self-awareness and provider connection, while providers reported that Rhythms provided a more nuanced understanding of patient experience between clinical visits.
Conclusions
Rhythms is a user-friendly, electronic health record–adaptable, smartphone-based tool that provides patients and providers with a greater understanding of patient mental health status. Integration of Rhythms into health systems has the potential to facilitate mental health care and improve the experience of both patients and providers.
... The researcher managed to create effective networking in order to reach many research participants. Snowballing sampling technique is more effective in a situation where the researcher is does not know on where to get the research participants (Creswell & Clark, 2018). Simple random sampling was adopted in distributing the questionnaires to the identified research participants. ...
The study focused on the impact of trading strategies on the profitability of Small to medium enterprises in the cross-border trading. The main theories guiding the research study are the classical theories of international trade and the “New Trade Theories”. Also, the conceptual framework showed the relationship between the independent variable “trading strategies” and the dependent variable “profitability of SMEs in cross-border trading”. The study outlined a number of trading strategies adopted by the Small to medium enterprises in the cross-border trading. Also, the study revealed a number of challenges faced by Small to medium enterprises in the cross-border trading in conducting international businesses in the multipolar world. Also, a number of trading restrictions that hinder effective business operations has been revealed. Mitigatory measures to the challenges were outlined. Further, the study revealed the role of the regional boards such as SADC and COMESA in promoting regional trade. The study revealed that, the regional boards have developed lucrative blue prints but their benefit to the intended beneficiaries is not experienced. Data for this study was collected through face-to-face interviews and online questionnaires. The data was analyzed by both SPSS and STATA. The results of the study shows that Small to medium enterprises in the cross-border trading in Zimbabwe experience a number of challenges ranging from social, political and economic. Further, the study revealed that there is a positive significance between the trading strategies and the profitability of Small to medium enterprises in the cross-border traders. A number of recommendation as well as areas for future studies were outlined at the end of the study.
... A sample, according to Creswell (2012), is a subset of the target population that the researcher intends to analyse in order to generalise the target population. In an ideal case, a sample of people who are representative of the total population can be chosen. ...
Cerebral palsy causes many physical and functional limits in children's daily lives, causing them to become reliant on their parents, particularly their mothers. As a result, mothers of these children devote a significant amount of time to raising children. Parents of these children, according to the research, have higher levels of tension, stress, and distress than parents of generally growing children. These mothers' quality of life may be harmed as a result of their stress levels. The purpose of this study was to see how professional competency training, as one of the therapies, affected moms of children with cerebral palsy's mental health. In the present study, 40 mothers of children with cerebral palsy were selected at random to intervention or control groups using a pre-test-post-test design and a control group. The data was collected using questionnaires. The Mann-Whitney test was used to analyse the data. After professional competency training, moms had considerably lower levels of tension, stress, and distress in their post-test scores than in their pre-test scores, according to data analysis. Professional competency training, in combination with other treatments, appears to be a successful intervention for improving the mental health of mothers of children with cerebral palsy and reducing their tension, stress, and distress.
... This study employs a convergent parallel mixed-methods design to focus on teachers' selfperceived information literacy. This method compares or combines qualitative and quantitative data results to corroborate and validate findings to gain comprehensive knowledge about the research problem (Creswell & Clark, 2017). In this design, the two forms of data are collected simultaneously and analyzed separately. ...
Understanding teachers' information literacy is a contemporary topic discussed in teachers' 21st-century skills research. Prompted by gaps in knowledge, this study utilizes a convergent parallel mixed-methods design, which involves 15 Araling Panlipunan teachers from two school divisions to investigate their self-perceived and practiced information literacy (IL). Qualitative surveys and semi-structured individual interviews were administered; classroom observations and document analysis of lesson plans were implemented to obtain data about their self perceptions vis-a-vis their classroom teaching. Data analysis shows a mismatch regarding their self-perceived IL and their application to classroom teaching practice. This finding can be explained through the professionals' lens on situated learning, which entails the context of communities of practice (CoPs). For this reason, teachers' IL status can be attributed to their CoP in such aspects they function. Building from this finding, creating explicit IL indicators and implementing school-based professional development can further teachers’ knowledge and practice of information literacy.
... Their long experience in the teaching field is thought to add richness and depth to the understanding of Contextualized English Language Teaching through their perspective. (Creswell & Plano Clark, 2011). ...
This qualitative phenomenological study was carried out to understand the lived experience of English teachers who are teaching English in different schools. The study explores the significance of a contextualized teaching approach in teaching English and the need for its application in the EFL context. Contextualized English Language Teaching (CELT) introduces language content by employing various techniques to engage students in different activities. Students who learn in a contextual environment are motivated to learn. Traditional classrooms emphasize the active role of teachers, with students remaining passive much of the time. Contextualized teaching assumes learners are creators, not merely receivers. The teacher’s main role is to create appropriate learning contexts and provide students with learning opportunities through experiences and roles. This study examines the classroom experiences of teachers teaching English in contextualized situations. The data, collected from purposively selected teachers in different schools in the Udayapur district, indicate that contextualized teaching is highly effective in developing students’ language skills.
... The participants were typically individuals responsible for cost estimation in their respective organizations, and many had several years of experience in the field. Several methodological contributions support the strategic selection of "information-rich" cases or participants, particularly when resources are limited (Creswell and Piano Clark, 2011;Marshall, 1996;Patton, 2002;Saunders et al., 2019). We conducted 13 group interviews with a total of 31 participants. ...
... El diseño metodológico de la investigación fue mixto secuencial explicativo, al combinar estos métodos, el estudio se beneficia tanto de enfoques cuantitativos como cualitativos para ofrecer un análisis integral. Además, respaldando esta aproximación, Creswell [31] afirma que la investigación de Métodos Mixtos aumenta la validez y la fiabilidad de los hallazgos mediante la triangulación, donde los diferentes tipos de datos se enriquecen y se confirman mutuamente para Creswell y Clark [32]. Además, para verificar los hallazgos, se empleó el método hipotético-deductivo, que permitió responder a la pregunta de investigación. ...
... Through this argument, the researcher used a mixed research method based on qualitative data and quantitative data (Creswell, 2007(Creswell, , 2009Creswell & Clark, 2017;Creswell & Plano-Clark, 2011;Greene et al., 1989;Tsai et al., 2023). The qualitative data came from interviews with informants from the village elite. ...
Stigma and discrimination continue to persist in the leprosy village of Sumberglagah, despite government efforts to provide social assistance and community empowerment programs. This article aims to uncover the dynamics of communication and the perceptions of village elites and community members regarding the effectiveness of various government policies targeting Sumberglagah. Utilizing elite theory and a three-dimensional framework—cognitive, affective, and conative—the study employs a mixed-methods approach. Qualitative data were gathered through interviews with five elite village informants, while quantitative data were collected from a survey of 100 respondents in Tanjungkenongo village. Findings indicate that, from the elite perspective, government programs are perceived as relatively ineffective in addressing the needs of the leprosy community, primarily due to a culture of reliance on external assistance from both government and non-government sources. In contrast, quantitative analysis reveals that the community generally expresses satisfaction with government programs, with an average satisfaction score exceeding 4. However, there is notable skepticism regarding the long-term impact of these programs, as reflected in the low community engagement with government-initiated empowerment programs. This study highlights the divergence in perceptions between elites and the community concerning government interventions, emphasizing the need for more effective and culturally attuned strategies to address the unique challenges faced by leprosy-affected communities.AbstrakStigma dan diskriminasi masih terjadi di desa leprosy Sumberglagah, meskipun pemerintah telah berupaya memberikan program bantuan sosial dan pemberdayaan masyarakat. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap dinamika komunikasi dan persepsi elit desa serta masyarakat terkait efektivitas berbagai kebijakan pemerintah di Sumberglagah. Dengan menggunakan teori elit dan kerangka tiga dimensi—kognitif, afektif, dan konatif—penelitian ini mengadopsi pendekatan metode campuran. Data kualitatif diperoleh dari wawancara dengan lima informan elit desa, sementara data kuantitatif diperoleh melalui survei terhadap 100 responden di desa Tanjungkenongo. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa dari perspektif elit, program pemerintah cenderung dianggap kurang efektif dalam memenuhi kebutuhan komunitas leprosy, disebabkan oleh budaya ketergantungan pada bantuan dari pihak pemerintah dan non-pemerintah. Sebaliknya, analisis kuantitatif mengungkapkan bahwa masyarakat umumnya merasa puas dengan program pemerintah, dengan rata-rata skor kepuasan melebihi 4. Namun, terdapat skeptisisme mengenai dampak jangka panjang dari program tersebut, tercermin dari rendahnya partisipasi masyarakat dalam program pemberdayaan yang diinisiasi pemerintah. Penelitian ini menyoroti perbedaan persepsi antara elit dan masyarakat tentang intervensi pemerintah, menekankan perlunya strategi yang lebih efektif dan sesuai dengan konteks budaya untuk menghadapi tantangan unik yang dihadapi komunitas yang terkena dampak lepra. Keywords: Policy; Elite; Village Community; Leprosy
... Det innebaerer at man velger ut respondenter på bakgrunn av spesifikke kjennetegnsom for eksempel faglig bakgrunn eller arbeidsoppgaver. Målrettede utvalg gjøres gjerne for å sikre at respondentene har tilstrekkelig informasjon om temaet man undersøker (Creswell & Piano Clark, 2011;Patton, 2002). Vårt utvalg ble gjort på bakgrunn av stilling. ...
The new long-term plan for the Norwegian defence sector sets the stage for a historic increase in defence spending, which includes significant investments in both military equipment and property, buildings, and construction projects. According to the plan, the defence sector should align with the UN Sustainable Development Goals by incorporating sustainability considerations into investment projects. However, there is limited knowledge on how organizations can best incorporate sustainability into projects. This is especially true for defence projects. This study aims to map the current state of investment activities and contribute to a collective understanding of how the defence sector can ensure adequate sustainability considerations in its projects.The study is based on semi-structured interviews with respondents from the Norwegian Ministry of Defence, the Norwegian Armed Forces, the Norwegian Defence Materiel Agency, the Norwegian Defence Estates Agency, the Norwegian Defence Research Establishment, and the Norwegian defence industry
... With a 95% confidence level, the sample size was found 384. However, to attain more data validity and credibility 400 samples were chosen following the convenience sampling technique for presenting higher population representation with varied preferences (Creswell, 2007). Additionally, the reviewed and collected secondary data were analyzed in this study for supporting the primary data and evidence. ...
Participatory Budgeting in local government is considered very significant for establishing good governance, enhancing social accountability, and legitimizing ruling power. The budgeting process promises quality service against the popular demand at the local level as well. The local government structure of Bangladesh is also actively establishing different avenues of public participation in the governance for initiating democratic decentralization. Among them, the Open Budget Meeting (OBM) is considered significant to connect the popular demand and local-level resource allocation at once. However, this study aims to measure the level of public participation in the local government (Union Parishad) budgeting process, to identify the major obstacles, and assess the spaces of participation left untouched. Following a cross-sectional quantitative approach, Arnstein's ladder of public participation has been used in this study to fulfill the research objectives. A total of 392 samples were collected using the survey method from Joypurhat and Dhaka district of Bangladesh following a semi-structured questionnaire. Major findings of the study showed that the public participation quality in the local government budgeting context is at the "therapy level". Results represent that the existing public participatory mechanism in the local government budgeting contexts (OBM) is merely eye-washing rather than ensuring actual citizen participation. People cannot influence budgeting decisions through the existing open budget meetings at all. The therapy level of public participation indicates that the OBM is set only for projecting to the people that they have an opportunity to participate and attain public trust, legitimacy, and support for the government rather than using OBM to enhance actual public participation indeed. However, the government of Bangladesh must reexamine and bring contextual amendments to the legal backgrounds of OBM-the Local Government Act (Union Parishad)-2009 as well as the operational manual for OBM at large. Furthermore, other respective authorities and related bodies must need to make necessary initiatives for ensuring effective public participation in the local government budgeting of Bangladesh.
... The purposive sampling technique was used to select students because they have had enough knowledge of the subject and were in a better position to provide valid and rich information (Creswell and Plano Clark, 2011) concerning Social Studies as a veritable tool in dealing with corruption. Per the nature of the programme, students were expected to take twelve courses for the five years (Diploma to Bachelor Degree) on the programme, equipping them with the requisite knowledge about the subject's tenets. ...
This study employed a qualitative approach to examine tertiary students’ perspectives on leveraging Social Studies in the fight against corruption in Ghana. A purposive sampling technique was used to select 21 students from a distance training institution. Some of the variables investigated were causes of corruption and the extent to which students perceived Social Studies as a potential force to combat corruption. The semi-structured interview guide was used to collect data from research participants while thematic analysis was adopted. Data from the study revealed that corruption in Ghana is caused by factors such as weak institutions, greed, poverty-related issues and cultural practices. The results also indicated that Social Studies could significantly help curb corruption. Beside Social Studies, other measures including strengthening institutions, meting out severe punishment to culprits and moral education can also reduce corruption. It was, therefore, recommended that the Ministry of Education through the Ghana Education Service should retool the Social Studies subject, and make it compulsory at all levels of education since it has the potential to reduce corruption.
... Convenient sampling, used due to geographical proximity, involves respondents with similar characteristics (Dornyei, 2007). Purposive sampling deliberately selected respondents such as Upazila Nibarbahi Officer (UNO), community leaders, Upazilla Secondary Education Officer (USEO), parents, and students with rich information (Creswell, 2002;Creswell & Clark, 2011;Patton, 2002). ...
In this study, we aimed to investigate the impact of the displaced Rohingya settlement on secondary school students in Cox’s Bazar, focusing on their perceptions and the challenges they encounter. All the secondary school students, teachers, parents, community leaders, and administrative persons of Cox’s Bazar district were the population of this study. Utilizing interviews and focus group discussions, data were gathered from thirty students, five teachers, five parents, five community leaders, the UNO, and the USEO of Cox’s Bazar. Thematic analysis revealed that the Rohingya settlement significantly affects students’ learning environments both at school and home, with economic, communication, security, and health-related challenges identified. Positive and negative economic impacts were noted, along with communication difficulties and security concerns. Additionally, students exhibited tendencies towards amoral behavior when interacting with Rohingya individuals, and health issues adversely affected their learning. Policy recommendations include the appointment of additional teachers by NGOs/INGOs to alleviate teacher shortages, the construction of sustainable cyclone shelters within Rohingya camps, and enhanced parental monitoring to safeguard students from insecurity and immoral activities.
... This research followed type "c" (Figure 1) of their model according to which the phases of exploring the topic, identifying themes, designing instrument, and testing the instrument were conducted and the main emphasis was placed on qualitative data (Creswell & Plano-Clark, 2011). In doing the initial stages, both qualitative and quantitative data were considered to determine themes and then used the pre-test, treatment, post-test procedure (questionnaire and interview) to test the instrument and find answers to the research questions. ...
Characterizing a critically-thinker second language learner as well as the way such characteristics can be developed and implemented in instructed second language have received momentum in applied linguistics. As a novel practice, this mixed-methods study was designed to feature a critically-thinker reader in developing both her critical thinking and reading abilities in the light of two novel instructional mechanisms (i.e., Asynchronous Web-based Collaborative (AWC) vs. Question-Answer-Relationship (QAR) instructional approaches). To this end, a sample of 89 Iranian EFL learners (Pilot group) were interviewed based on which first the features of a critically-thinker reader were extracted, analyzed and mod-eled via MaxQDA. Then, three groups of 154 language learners (i.e.
... I interviewed five SEE English test setters and four test moderators from the National Examination Board (NEB) to learn how test questions are prepared and regulated, how test content representativeness is handled, and what variables impact test writers and moderators in their work. We used purposive sampling to discover respondents who had experience with a certain occurrence while choosing participants [22]. In the local education system, the test design process consists of only two stages: writing the test paper and moderating it. ...
... Twelve niche market tour operators who are members of the Thai Responsible Tourism Association (TRTA) from northern, central, and southern regions of Thailand took part in the event (Table 1). Interview participants were selected based on the research study as well as the knowledge and experience of participants considering the phenomenon under investigation, to capture the meaning of the phenomenon under their consideration (Venkatesh et al., 2016, Creswell andClark, 2017). The focus group generally consists of 7 to 12 individuals who share certain characteristics relevant to the focus of the study (Marshall and Rossman, 2006). ...
This paper points out indicators of responsible tourism which are of strategic significance to tour operators seeking to develop their country towards achieving a competitive advantage. It looks at the extant literature covering the notions of responsible tourism and responsible tour operators. Qualitative research involved in-depth and semi-structured interview questions employed to collect responsible tourism data from tour operators’ direct experiences. The findings revealed that eighty-eight responsible tourism indicators for tour operators could be divided into five categories relating to the responsibility of tour operators, organisations’ sustainability policies, products and services, partners and clients, benefits for society and culture, economic benefits, and benefits for the environment.
... An exploratory design was used in this research, in which a qualitative pilot study was conducted for the development of a quantitative questionnaire (Creswell & Plano-Clark, 2011). The data from the pilot study was used to determine the homeowners' most commonly held behavioral beliefs and to develop the direct measures of homeowners' attitudes, perceived norms, perceived control, intentions, and past behavior concerning the lawn and landscape fertilizer management practices examined in this study (Fishbein & Ajzen, 2010;Ajzen, 2017). ...
A fundamental strategy for reducing nutrient runoff from lawns and landscapes is the implementation of recommended fertilizer management practices (FMPs). Our study evaluated Louisiana urban and suburban homeowners’ current FMPs using the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) constructs. We measured homeowners’ attitude, perceived norm, perceived control, intention, and past behavior regarding 12 salient FMPs. The results of our study identified which recommended FMPs to adopt and which non-recommended practices to change. To effectively modify homeowners’ FMPs, we recommended designing tailored Extension educational programming to target the TPB constructs most strongly related to homeowners’ decision to perform these practices.
... Prior to data collection, ethics approval was gained by the university ethics committee. Recruitment of this participant group is known to be challenging, therefore a combination of purposive (Creswell, 2011;Palinkas et al., 2015) and snowball (O'Leary, 2017) sampling was used to invite participants. Interested individuals were sent information and consent forms, as well as pre-reading. ...
... Furthermore, most studies have chosen to explore the status and influencing factors of MHL in a single quantitative study (Li et al., 2019;Xuemei & Xiaofeng, 2019;Yi et al., 2021), and fewer studies have explored the experience of acquiring maternal and child health knowledge and implementing health skills from a qualitative perspective. In this regard, the explanatory sequence design of mixed methods research (MMR) can combine the advantages of quantitative and qualitative methods to comprehensively identify the status and influencing factors of MHL among postpartum women in urban villages, understanding the experience of acquiring maternal and infant knowledge and providing new ideas to complement theoretical research on MHL (Creswell & Clark, 2011;Hongling et al., 2022). ...
Aim
To comprehensively identify the status and influencing factors on maternal health literacy among postpartum women in Guangzhou urban villages.
Design
An explanatory sequential mixed‐method research was conducted from November 2021 to July 2022.
Methods
The quantitative survey was conducted among postpartum women in Guangzhou urban villages using the convenience sampling principle, and a questionnaire survey was used to reflect the status and influencing factors on maternal health literacy. The qualitative interview conducted purposive sampling based on the survey and semi‐structured interviews with women to supplement the non‐quantifiable influencing factors.
Results
The quantitative survey showed that the maternal health literacy score of 501 women was 193.84 ± 22.23. The quantitative results suggested that ethnicity, education, income, household registration, delivery mode and social support were important influencing factors (p < .15). The qualitative interviews were conducted with 16 women and revealed three themes and eight sub‐themes, including demographic factors (ethnicity, education, income, occupation and family history), pregnancy factors (delivery mode and pregnancy complications) and social factors (social support), which influenced maternal health literacy through three routes: women's motivation, access and ability in screening health information.
Conclusion
Maternal health literacy among postpartum women in urban villages needs to be improved, especially critical health literacy. Maternal and infant workers need to guide women to develop appropriate health information concepts and consider the realistic knowledge needs of women in different socio‐cultural and economic backgrounds. They should also construct a comprehensive social support system for women to better improve maternal health literacy.
Impact
Highlights the positive benefits of maternal health literacy among postpartum women, as preparation for providing accurate and effective maternal and child health education services.
Patient or Public Contribution
The information on maternal health literacy in this study was based on an interview with postpartum women in Guangzhou urban villages during the study period.
... Its view as explained by Kivunja and Kuyini (2017) is that reality is socially constructed and the central endeavour is therefore to understand the subjective world of human experience. The paradigm's main goal is to understand the world from the individual's point of (Creswell & Plano-Clark, 2007;Creswell, 2013). This means researchers are attached to the subject they are studying. ...
The study evaluated the implementation of the Competency-Based Curriculum (CBC) in Building Technology and Design (BTD) in secondary teachers’ colleges which is expected to play a significant role in BTD in producing graduate teachers who can apply proficiency and expertise to the real world of work. The research was motivated by research that revealed mixed feelings about CBC implementation in teachers’ colleges. The objectives focused on the challenges faced regarding implementing CBC in BTD, and strategies in the progressing curriculum to improve its implementation process. The study was based on the CIPP (Context, Input, Process, and Product) evaluation model. A qualitative case study approach was used to gather the stakeholders’ perceptions. Research participants were selected using purposive sampling. Interview schedules and focus groups were used in collecting data. The most significant finding of this study is that CBC was partially implemented in teachers’ colleges. However, several impediments were discovered to beset the CBC implementation processes emanating from institutional, infrastructural, and policy issues, and other associated barriers. Based on these findings, the study recommends the harmonisation of college and secondary school curricula, conducting staff retraining workshops, the introduction of an internship programme for both lecturers and student teachers to construction companies, and the provision of adequate resources for CBC implementation. Additional policy and practice recommendations are also proposed as possible corrective measures.
... Secondary data was obtained by reviewing scholarly journal articles, books, statistical abstracts and reports. The involvement of both methods in the study was to ensure that data to be collected and analyzed is in tandem with the approaches and the overall strength is greater than that of separate qualitative or quantitative research (Creswell and Plano-Clark, 2007). ...
Climate in Masinga sub-county has been changing at a momentum which is unprecedented in the recent human history. This area consists mainly small-scale farmers who depend on rain to carry out their farming activities. Coping strategies to the changing climate in the area has faced various challenges ranging from high poverty, low levels of education, age, gender among others. This study investigated how social-economic challenges affecting adaptation strategies on climate change among the households living in Masinga sub-county, in Kenya. The main objectives of the study included; 1) To examine the adaptation strategies employed by households in Masinga sub-county 2) To determine the main factors that affect household in adaptation to climate change in Masinga sub-county 3) To investigate the environmental implications of adaptation to climate change in Masinga sub-county. Essentially, variables such as education levels, age, gender, were assessed. In order to gain an understanding on adaptation strategies used by households in Masinga sub-county, the study was conducted in all six divisions. Various methods of sampling were used in the survey which included stratified random sampling based on the number of households proportionately in the six divisions. In essence, 384 household heads were sampled through stratified random sampling. The study employed specific data collection tools in order acquire data from the six divisions; structured questionnaires, interviews schedules, Focused Group Discussions (FGDs) and direct observation were used. Qualitative data was collected through; interviews, Desk research, Focus Group Discussions comprising six to eight sampled through stratified random sampling and purposive sampling. The households coping strategies, influence of adaptation strategy to climate change and environmental implications of household adaptation was analyzed through both qualitative and quantitative interpretation. Data from survey was organized and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results were subjected to statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) to determine their reliability. When applying descriptive statistics, the results were presented in tables, bar graphs, and charts. In this study Chi-squire was used because it was easier to compare the results from a two dimensional perspective. These results after analysis by chi-square test, the p-value was found to be .001, thus, smaller than the significance level (α = .05). Using Chi-square tests, this study established that there is strong evidence of an association between the education level and the implementation of green-house farming (Χ2 (3) = 1.064, p = 0.001). Further analysis by chi-square test indicated that the p-value was found to be .008, thus, less than the significance level (α = .05). This study established that early warning as a strategy to adaptation to climate change was not common amongst households in the area. Further research is suggested on impact of charcoal burning on climate change adaptation and cost implications in semi- arid areas. The study findings will enable the government and other relevant stakeholders to ensure that early warning system information is able to reach the local residents at all times
Makala haya yamechunguza athari ya mwachano unaotokana na umilisi wa kipragmatiki kwa wanafunzi wa Kiswahili nchini Rwanda. Ingawa wanafunzi wa Rwanda wanajifunza Kiswahili kuanzia mwaka wa kwanza wa shule za upili, wanakabiliwa na changamoto za kimawasiliano ikiwa ni pamoja na umilisi wa kipragmatiki. Changamoto hiyo inatokana na mizizi ya kiutamaduni na kijamii ambayo si sawa na ustadi wa kisarufi. Changamoto hizi zinatokana na mizizi ya kijamii na kiutamaduni ya kipragmatiki ambayo si sawa na ustadi wa kisarufi. Utafiti huu, uliotumia Nadharia ya Makutano na Mwachano ya Giles na Bryne (1992), ulijikita katika kuchunguza ujumbe wa wanafunzi kwa walimu kupitia simu na hojaji. Matokeo yanaonyesha kuwa wanafunzi wa Rwanda hukiuka kanuni za kipragmatiki za Kiswahili kutokana na athari za lugha yao ya kwanza (L1). Changamoto hiyo inasababishwa na umilisi wa pragmatiki wa L1 unaowaathiri wanafunzi katika matumizi ya Kiswahili (L2). Makala yanapendekeza njia za kukabiliana na changamoto hizi ili kuboresha mawasiliano ya wanafunzi katika Kiswahili.
The chapter transverses Grounded theory (GT) from its inception to the development of numerous strands which include Glasier and Strauss, Glaserian and Straussian versions, and Charmaz social constructivist among many others. The ontology and epistemology underpinning the diverse strands are scrutinized and insights are provided. The application of GT in doctoral study is discussed with a special focus on human social interactions and the attendant complex and nuanced nature of interactions. The chapter also highlights the challenges and prospects of using GT in doctoral research. The chapter is underpinned paradigmatically by knowledge situatedness and social constructionism.
The contemporary global scenario is marked by a plethora of multilevel crises, profoundly influencing the socioeconomic and environmental fabric of territories. The primary policy strategy introduced to address this scenario is the European program NextGenerationEU, translated in Italy as the National Recovery and Resilience Plan (PNRR). The PNRR is characterized as a plan without a clear strategy, lacking a genuine national urban agenda. However, it has endowed the country with extraordinary funds, involving all spheres of public policies and all political and administrative levels. In particular, Metropolitan Cities, through Innovative Programs for Housing Quality (PINQuA) and Integrated Urban Plans (PUI), have assumed a pivotal role within this framework, positioning themselves at the epicenter of an unparalleled funding system for urban regeneration projects. This has severely tested the administrations capacity to coordinate, monitor, and implement projects to meet the objectives set by national calls and European targets. Nearly two years after the launch of the PNRR, there are still many elements of opacity that prompt some critical inquiry: how to overcome the dyscrasia between the timelines imposed by the call for proposals and the need to intercept all levels of
planning, to implement and spatialize the results of national and European policies? How have the Metropolitan Cities changed their organizational structures and how can these new governance models sustain themselves in the long term? In this framework the Research Project of National Interest (PRIN 2022) “Metropolitan Cities under PNRR”, coordinated by Carlo Pisano and Valentina Orioli, takes place. This article will describe the context, objectives and initial findings of research in unique situation within the Italian context: Florence and Bologna, Italy’s only adjacent Metropolitan Cities, share the same geographic arc, similar opportunities, housing dimensions, and historical-political traditions. However, they are engaged in different approaches in managing PNRR resources allocated to PINQuA and PUI.
Makerspaces are interactive learning environments that provide students with opportunities to improve life and career skills. The importance of these spaces has grown over the years. In Türkiye, Ministry of National Education established makerspace-like environments, or what are referred to as Design and Skills-Labs (Tasarım Beceri Atölyeleri (TBA) in Turkish), in public schools. This study was conducted to explore public-school teachers’ understanding of collaborative learning (CL) and teamwork strategies in the design and skills labs. The sequential exploratory design was applied for this mixed method research to collect data in two phases: qualitative interviews with experts working on makerspaces, followed by quantitative survey data collection from public school teachers who work in TBAs. The qualitative data were collected through semi-structured interviews from 13 national and international field experts to understand what collaboration and teamwork mean in makerspaces. The themes and subthemes that emerged from this phase guided the quantitative data collection phase. The latter was conducted in the form of an online survey with 101 public school TBA teachers. The results indicated that teachers know the importance of CL, its application, and strategies in the learning environment. However, CL strategies, assessment techniques, and resources continued to be one of the major challenges faced by teachers in TBAs. The factors that interfere with teachers’ competencies include the lack of prior training on TBA environments. As for resources, financial and funding factors were speculated to be challenging as well.
This study aimed to explore undergraduate students’ perceptions of online assessment. It used a mixed-method research design to investigate students' perceptions of online assessments with quantitative methods and the challenges and their proposed solutions with qualitative methods. Within the scope of this study, perceptions of students were compared according to variables of computer skill level and owning computers/tablets with the correlational research design. The study sample comprises 200 students in English Language and Literature department. Online Assessment Perception Inventory developed by Alsalhi et al.(2022) was used to collect the data. Also, semi-structured interviews were held with the participants to explore the challenges and proposed solutions addressing these challenges. According to the research findings, significant differences were revealed in participants’ perceptions of online assessment regarding computer skill levels and computer-owning variables. Additionally, students’ perceptions towards online assessment were at high averages despite some negative perceptions at specific points. Qualitative data analysis showed that students ha negative connotations with online assessment. In addition, the difficulties experienced by the students in the online assessment process and their proposed solutions were revealed as a result of the qualitative data analysis. Finally, implications for online evaluation were drawn based on the results obtained.
This practice-led design study expands the image of the designer-researcher pursuing an individually framed project and employing self-reflective methods. By inviting other practitioners to explore shared modes of ‘thinking through making,’ I illustrate what happens when the boundaries of one’s creative practice are socially and materially reconfigured. The result is a novel approach to investigating how individuals and things become entangled in collaborative and distributed design situations, providing adequate tools to navigate this entangled space from within and maintain analytical clarity. ‘Thinking with People and Pots’ comprises an introductory summary and four peer-reviewed publications targeted to anyone aiming to integrate practice and research. Through the lens of three pottery-based design experiments staged to provoke unanticipated forms of sociomaterial negotiation, the study invites readers to interrogate established research methods and second-guess preconceived ideas about practice.
La digitalización y el desmantelamiento de los sistemas de protección vinculados al trabajo han creado un terreno fértil para la proliferación de plataformas de microtrabajo. Debido al desconocimiento de sus mecanismos de control y a la falta de regulación, estas plataformas representan un reto para investigadores y agentes estatales. Entre otras actividades, estas empresas encargan proyectos para entrenar modelos de inteligencia artificial y mejorar la pertinencia de sus productos. Este artículo se centra en estos trabajadores. En la primera parte, se desarrolla el estado del arte sobre las plataformas de microtareas en Brasil; en la segunda se presenta una breve panorámica de las plataformas en el país; y en la tercera, se analizan datos empíricos sobre perfil socioeconómico, condiciones de trabajo, jornada laboral y remuneración. Al introducir este trabajo en el debate, el texto ofrece un análisis crítico de la dinámica regional específica del caso brasileño, con el potencial de arrojar luz sobre procesos similares en países del Sur Global.
The COVID-19 pandemic began in the late months of 2019 and by Spring of 2020, in an effort to limit transmission of the virus, schools across the globe had closed and transitioned to emergency online teaching which may have disrupted their current learning procedures. In the United States, over 13,000 school districts completely closed down during this time. Schools began to offer multiple types and modes of instruction in order to continue providing instruction for their students. One of these was emergency remote teaching . During the emergency remote teaching environments (ERTE), teachers worked within the ERTE framework to design their online instructional strategies. The purpose of the study is to report instructional strategies teachers used to provide education to their students during the extremely constrained set of circumstances presented by the COVID-19 pandemic, and to examine their contextualized stories regarding why they used these strategies as well as their perspectives on the comparative success of those strategies.
This study sought to investigate the practicality of guidance and counselling Strategy in enhancing retention of children under Complementary Basic Education for Tanzania (COBET) in selected Districts in Mara Region. A convergent design under a mixed method was used to examine the problem. The target population was 99 COBET centres, 99 head teachers, 133 teachers, and 898 children. From this population, a sample of 30 centres, 14 head teachers, 54 teachers, and 90 children was selected using both probability and non-probability sampling techniques, totalling 158 participants. Data was collected through questionnaires, interviews, and focus groups. The validity of the data collection instruments was verified by subject matter experts, and the questionnaire's reliability was established using Cronbach's Alpha (0.802). Trustworthiness was ensured through peer review and triangulation. The quantitative data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics, including an independent t-test at a 0.05 significance level, while the qualitative data was analysed through thematic. The study found that teachers employed guidance and counselling strategy by understanding the reasons for school dropout, valuing children's experiences, and promoting self-growth but not in career guidance. It was revealed that though teachers felt that they gained an in-depth understanding of children's expectations about their school, children under COBET showed dissatisfaction. There was no significant difference between the mean scores of professional and para-professional teachers in employing guidance and counselling strategy to enhance the retention of the children. The study concludes that Guidance and counselling strategy is employed by teachers to enhance children’s retention in the programme although with some deficiencies. Since both professional and para - professional teachers apply the guidance and counselling strategy equally in enhancing the retention of the children under complementary basic education, the professional teachers are not fulfilling their due in employing strategy as expected. The head teachers should continuously encourage teachers to use facilitative strategies through meetings and workshops monthly to enhance the retention of children under COBET.
Purpose
The study highlights the significance of continuous support and services in communication, socialization, and literacy skills for adults with developmental disabilities (DDs). The aim of the study was to gather in-depth information on the individualized needs, lived experiences, and expectations of adults with DD by interviewing their parents.
Method
A total of 14 parents of adults with DD participated in one-on-one semistructured interviews. During the interviews, parents were asked to describe (a) their children's current communication, socialization, reading and writing skills; (b) the types of communication, socialization, and literacy support their children were receiving; and (c) the types of support that their children needed. Interviews were video- and audio-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed qualitatively using thematic analysis.
Results
Thematic analysis revealed three main themes and eight subthemes: (1) insufficient support and services for adults with DD (i.e., lack of competent professionals and lack of literacy support), (2) approaches that the parents attempted for their children with DD (i.e., parents' responsibilities, technologies, and pseudoscience), and (3) recommendations for ongoing support and services (i.e., novel technologies, social media, and motivation).
Conclusions
The study highlights crucial gaps between the participating parents' desire for individualized, consistent, and innovative support and services for their adult children with DD and scarcity of resources in communication, socialization, and literacy. The dearth of evidence-based support and resources leads to easy access to pseudoscience. Future research is warranted to develop innovative, customized, and highly motivating programs in communication, socialization, and literacy for adults with DD.
Supplemental Material
https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.27214407
The ability to identify changes in an environment and appropriately respond by choosing a convenient management approach is critical to the success of parastatals. Globally, lean is one of the management concepts that ensure this. There is limited evidence linking these in Africa, and particularly in Kenya. From several financial performance reports including 2021/2022, the performance of some parastatals in Kenya is below average (2.40). They register low performance yearly thus suggesting insufficient implementation of lean practices. Past studies investigated the effect of individual constructs of lean, leaving the composite effect unattended. This study sought to analyse impact of Lean Practices on performance of parastatals, and was guided by Institutional theory. A census approach was applied with a target population of 34, comprising 102 respondents, out of which 12 respondents were sampled using a cluster technique and 86 for the actual study. Questionnaires were administered to collect data and were analysed using descriptive statistics. Cronbach’s alpha tested reliability as content validity tested validity. Sample results show a coefficient of 0.818, implying that the instrument is reliable. The findings reveal that Lean had 71.7% significant effect on performance. The study concludes that lean has a significant and positive impact on the performance of parastatals in Kenya and recommends that parastatals in Kenya should continue to prioritize the implementation of lean practices as a key strategy for enhancing performance.
Although there is evidence that Singapore has been utilising social design and its principles to tackle social issues via national campaigns, the extent to which they are used, as well as their social acceptance are still primarily unknown. This study will address the issue of whether planned national campaigns in Singapore take place in an environment where “conditions of success” as outlined by Lazarsfeld and Merton’s classic study of Monopolisation, Canalisation and Supplementation (M-C-S) are well met. For the purpose of investigation, this study has a three-pronged approach; It looks at the message, then at the messenger, then its intended audience. First, case studies of national campaigns crafted in Singapore were studied to see if they fulfilled conditions of success required for effecting behaviour change. Second, semi-structured interviews with the crafters of the message, ranging from industry practitioners to policy makers, were conducted to determine campaign methodology, rationale and social acceptance. Mini focus group discussions were also conducted with the receivers of the message in order to understand if the national campaign’s messages are socially accepted. Findings are then analysed using a comparative analysis as defined in the Grounded Theory as Method (GTm) approach. The findings reveal the pivotal role of the M-C-S framework in shaping impactful social campaigns in Singapore. Monopolisation emphasises capturing attention amidst information saturation, with the significance of a clear and dominant narrative highlighted through interviews, focus groups, and case studies. Canalisation stresses the importance of consistent messaging and behavioural nudges for enduring impact, with repetition within reason, high relatability, early education, and empirical rationality identified as key components. Supplementation acts as a bridge between awareness and actionable results, fostering community engagement and dialogue while maintaining a balanced approach between hardware and heartware. Beyond the M-C-S framework, the study uncovers essential determinants that enhance campaign resonance in Singapore. The significance of cultural relevance, inclusive community engagement, flexibility, intentional engagement strategies, and trust in governmental entities emerge as influential factors. Tailoring campaigns to local contexts, embracing evolving social norms, and harnessing intentional corniness as a disruption strategy are explored, with the importance of trust highlighted alongside the need for transparency and diverse perspectives.
From competitive and survival perspectives, the ability to identify dynamics in an environment and timely respond by choosing convenient management approaches, is vital in prosperity of parastatals. Universally, Total Quality Management is one of emerging management trends that ensure this. There is limited evidence linking these in Africa, and specifically in Kenya. From several performance reports including 2021/2022, performance of some parastatals in Kenya is below average (2.40). They register low performance regularly thus implying inadequate total quality management practices. Past studies investigated effect of individual constructs of total quality management leaving composite effect unattached. This study sought to analyze impact of total quality management on performance of parastatals and was guided by resource based View theory. Census approach was applied with 34 as target population, 102 respondents, out of which 12 respondents were for sampling after cluster technique and 86 for actual study. Questionnaires were administered for data harvesting and were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Content analysis ensured validity while Cronbach’s alpha tested reliability. Reliability results shows coefficient of 0.818 implying that the instrument was reliable. The findings reveal that TQM had 71.7% significant effect on performance. The study concludes that total quality management has a significant and positive effect on the performance of parastatals in Kenya and recommends that parastatals in Kenya should embrace as a useful strategy for enhancing performance.
The article introduces an Aristotelian approach, “Applied Phronesis,” for the reconciliation process in the middle of conflict, altering Internet communication technologies as a means for the path of a philosophical approach toward social change for reconciliation processes, introduced as “The Phronetic Approach in Digital research for reconciliation processes.” The state of the articles starts with the philosophical and theoretical framework that impacts social transformation toward social reconciliation and conflict transformation in the middle of conflicts. It explores the Phronetic approach in Internet communication technologies toward reconciliation (Al-Dajani in Internet communication technologies for reconciliation: applied phronesis netnography in internet research methodologies, Springer, Zurich, p 450 2020). Exploring the reconciliation process in the middle of a conflict regarding applying the “Hölderlin Perspective” (Leiner and Flamig in Latin America between conflict and reconciliation. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht LLC, Bristol, p 18 2012). A theory for reconciliation in the middle of conflict, applying the Phronetic approach in Internet communication technologies for the reconciliation process in the middle of the conflict illustrated by Aldajani as “The Phenomenology of Internet Communication Technology (ICT) in Applied Phronetic Social Science” (Al-Dajani in Internet communication technologies for reconciliation: applied phronesis netnography in internet research methodologies, Springer, Zurich, p 450 2020). Exploring the phenomenology of the Phronetic approach for applying innovative methods from theory to practice, including research methodologies, strategies, and practices. Discovering mixed-method research design in digital research for reconciliation processes, introducing digital research methods applied for the reconciliation process research. Introducing real case studies for Applied Phronesis in digital research methodologies for reconciliation. Such as the Academic Alliance for Reconciliation in the Middle East and North Africa, an academic alliance to plant seeds of hope for reconciliation studies in the Middle East and North Africa in higher educational institutions; another case study, The Last Sermon documentary movie, that one the Prize of Hope at the World International Premier Human Rights Film Festival 2020. The results of these concurrent research components will provide essential context and meaning for what is identified as digital research on the reconciliation process, from theory to practice, as illustrated in the table of content.
The argumentative talk on radio and TV has become a popular feature of media discourse in Kenya. Question-answer sequences as the talk unfolds through the joint participation of co-participants in the talk have emerged as a means to put argumentative talk into effect. Yet, the nature of questions and their categorization remain little understood. Given the recursive nature of question-answer sequences, this paper investigates question typology that sets apart argumentative talk shows from other types of talk. The data consists of transcripts from two Kenyan TV argumentative talk shows: Checkpoint on KTN and Opinion Court on Citizen TV. A question classification scheme by Schirm [2008] was used to discuss the incidence and usage of questions in argumentative talk shows. Findings revealed that clashing, rhetorical, classic clarifying, and opinion-eliciting questions were the most frequently used types in the data sets. It was also noted that different question types served unique rhetorical purposes leading to the conclusion that argumentative talk shows on TV exhibit recursive interactional resources qualifying it as a genre.
Post-secondary students are an at-risk population for poor mental health and high levels of stress—both of which might influence their resilience and health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Additional difficulties experienced by post-secondary students who are also parents may result in further challenges to their resilience and HRQOL. However, current literature is scant regarding the resilience and health-related outcomes among parents pursuing post-secondary education. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the resilience and HRQOL of parents (with children/youth aged 0–18 years) pursuing post-secondary education in Ontario compared to non-parent post-secondary students. Selective, non-probability sampling was used to recruit participants for the online survey wherein data was collected from 86 parent-students (Mage = 34.69 years; SD = 7.07) and 288 non-parent-students (Mage = 22.41 years; SD = 5.00). By Mann-Whitney U tests, there were no statistical differences in the self-reported resilience between groups. However, significant differences between groups were found in their HRQOL; compared to non-parents, parents reported significantly more physical health problems, role limitations due to physical health, and bodily pain, while also reporting less favourable changes in their health over the past year. While parent-students reported more physical health challenges compared to non-parent students, their levels of resilience were alike. Results from this study offer important insights on some unique challenges that parent-students experience and provides the first understanding of Ontario parent-students’ levels of resilience. Additional research on the physical health challenges of parent-students is warranted.
Reading is one of the fundamental tools for acquiring knowledge that has a direct effect on an individual’s life. Many single and multiple strategies are used to improve reading comprehension, which is a strategic acquisition. (1) This study aims to investigate the effects of close reading strategies on the life skills and individual innovativeness of preservice Turkish language teachers. (2) The study group for this research consists of 31 preservice teachers studying in the Turkish Language Teaching department at a university in northern Türkiye. A sequential mixed-method design was used. In the quantitative aspect of the research, a pre-test and post-test experimental design without a control group was used, while in the qualitative aspect, a case study design was employed. Data were collected using the Life Skills Scale, Individual Innovativeness Scale, and semi-structured interview form. In analyzing the data obtained to examine the effect of the experimental process, a t-test for dependent groups was used, whereas data from the interviews were analyzed through content analysis (3–4). According to the results obtained from the research, the close reading strategy was determined to be a strategy that significantly improves the life skills and individual innovativeness of preservice Turkish language teachers.
This study attempted to sensitise student-teachers towards the direct teaching of thinking based on Edward De Bono’s CoRT thinking tools. The sample consisted of student-teachers of B.Ed. programmeme. The student-teachers ere introduced ith the first odue of Co thinin rorae ie of the student-teachers voluntarily participated further into facilitation of the Direct Teaching of Thinking (DTT) Programme designed to bring in life skills changes for 8th standard students. The paper discusses content understanding of the student-teachers who participated in the sensitisation programme. The data coected in the for of reections fro the studentteachers is anased through, the thematic analysis. The analysis revealed that the DTT programme improves communication and interpersonal relations of the student-teachers ith their students he studentteachers fet ore confident to use the toos in their subject lesson after the exposure. The thinking programme based on CoRT is relevant not only to be taught in schools but also in teacher education programmes for improvement of teachers’ skills.
ResearchGate has not been able to resolve any references for this publication.