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An Ayurvedic Polyherbal Formulation Kaishore Guggulu: A Review

January 2011

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Dr Amit Lather

Geeta University

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REVIEW ARTICLE

ISSN 0976 – 3333

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An Ayurvedic Polyherbal Formulation Kaishore Guggulu: A Review

AMIT LATHER*

www.ijpba.info.

International Journal of Pharmaceutical & Biological Archives 2011; 2(1):497-503

1, VIKAS GUPTA1, PARVEEN BANSAL2, MEETA SAHU3, KAMAL

SACHDEVA4, PANKAJ GHAIYE5

1 University Centre of Excellence in Research, BFUHS, Faridkot, India

2 Department of Biochemistry, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India

3 Department of Pharmacy, MD University, Rohtak, India

4 School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jaipur National University, Jaipur, India

Received 18 Dec 2010; Revised 16 Jan 2011; Accepted 28 Jan 2011

ABSTRACT

Kaishore guggulu is the one of the most famous Ayurvedic formulation that is used traditionally to

support healthy joints, muscles and connective tissue. It is especially useful for balancing pitta in the

musculoskeletal system (FDA). Kaishore guggulu is good in the treatment of and aggravated patients i.e.

muscle pain. This review explains the pharmacological potential of Kaishore guggulu along with the

other pharmacological activities of the part used of each ingredient in the formulation. This review helps

the researcher to explode more about this important Ayurvedic formulation.

Keywords: - Kaishore guggulu, Pitta, Musculoskeletal, Fibromyalgia, Gout.

Akal College of Pharmacy and Technical Education, Mastuana Sahib, Sangrur, India

INTRODUCTION:

Kaishore guggulu or Kishore guggul is an herbal

remedy based on purified guggulipid in Ayurvedic

medicine. Antiallergic, antibacterial and blood

purifying properties are found in this herbal

preparation [1]. Guggulu is exudates obtained in

the form of oleo gum resin from the stem of the

plant Commiphora mukul (Hook.ex.). It is known

to have analgesic, anti-inflammatory activity etc.

It is used in various Ayurvedic formulations.

Traditionally it is used for skin disorder [2].

Kaishore Guggulu is also used for for gout [3- 4].

Kaishore guggulu is good in aggravated

fibromyalgia patients i.e. muscle pain. A dose of

Kaishore guggulu 200 mg twice daily after meals

is also useful for the treatment of back pain

Method of Preparation of Kaishore Guggulu

[5]

Triphala and giloya are cut into small pieces

manually or into a pulverizer. They are dipped

overnight into water. In the morning, this water is

boiled until 1/4th of water is left. Then, decoction

is prepared by filtering this water. In this

decoction of triphala and giloya, purified guggul

gum is added and this mixture is heated slowly so

that we get syrup like liquid of hard consistency.

Now, powders of herbs (number 4 to 11) are

added and this mixture is pounded (stricken again

and again) either by hand or in a mortar and pestle

or in chattu machine. Processing this mixture for

some hours decreases the particle size and

increases the bioavailability of the mixture.

Thereafter, tablets are made from this gum like

mixture either by hand or by tablet machine. The

average size varies between 250-500 mg per

tablet. It is taken with milk or water or herbal

decoction.

[1]

Amit Lather et al. / An Ayurvedic Polyherbal Formulation Kaishore Guggulu: A Review

Table. 1 Ingredients of Kaishore Guggulu tablet:

Sr. No.

Ingredient Name

Scientific name

(Family)

Part used

Pharmacological activities of part used

Guggul

Commiphora mukul

Hook. (Burseraceae)

Oleo gum

resin from

stems

Antiobesity, antihypercholestremic [6-9],

Cardioprotective [10]

, antiepileptic, antiulcer,

rheumatoid arthritis [11], atherosclerosis [12],

antioxidant [13,14]

, dysuria, diurnal/nocturnal

pollakiuria, urinary retention [15] and

antiinflamatory [16-17]

Haritaki

Terminalia chebula

Retz.

(Combretaceae)

Fruits

Antiviral [18], antimutagenic/ anticarcinogenic

[19], antioxidant [20-21], adaptogenic [22],

antianaphylactic [23]

, antidiabetic and

retinoprotective activity [24-26]

Bibhitaki

Terminalia bellerica

(Combretaceae)

Fruits

Antimicrobial [27], hepatoprotective,

antihypertensive, fever, superficial skin

infections, urinary tract, diarrheal infections [28-

29], hypoglycaemic [30], anticancer [31], antifungal

[32-33], and nephroprotective [34]

Amalaki

Emblica officinalis

Gaertn.

(Euphorbiacea)

Fruits

Antimicrobial, cytotoxic [35], antibacterial [36], in

haemorrhage, diarrhoea, dysentery [37],

adaptogenic, hepatoprotective [38-39]

, antitumor

[40], hypocholestrolemic [41], antioxidant [42], anti

ulcerogenic [43], anti-

inflammatory, analgestic,

antipyretic [44], hypnotic [45] and anticonvulsant

[46]

Chinnaruha or

Amarta

Tinospora cordifolia

(Willd.) Miers ex Hook.

F. & Thoms]

(Menispermaceae)

Stem

Dyspepsia, fever, urinary diseases [47], bitter,

stomachic, diuretic [48], skin diseases [49-50], anti-

dote to snake bite and scorpion sting [51],

antiinflamatory [52-53], antitubercular [54],

hypoglycaemic [55], immunosuppressant [56] and

urinary calculi [57]

Sunthi

Zingiber officinale

(Rosc.)

(Zingiberaceae)

Rhizomes

Antiemetic [58-59], antitumor [60], vertigo [61],

seasickness [62], motion sickness [63]

, anti

inflamatory and analgesic [64]

Marica

Piper nigrum Linn.

(Piperaceae)

Seeds

Antioxidant [65] and anticancer [66]

Pippali

Piper longum Linn.

(Piperaceae)

Fruits, root

and stem

Caecal amoebiasis [67], myocardial infarction [68],

mosquito larvaelcidal [69]

, antibacterial,

antifungal [70]

, chemoprotective,

antilipidperoxidative [71], hepatoprotective [72-73],

spasmolytic [74], antiallergic [75],

immunomodulatory, antitumor [76]

, antiamoebic

[77], bronchitis, cough, cold [78], antitubercular [79],

vasodilation [80] and antifertility [81]

Krmiripu

Embelia ribes Burm

(Myrsinaceae)

Fruits

Myocardial infaraction [82], cerebral

ischemia [83]

, tumors, ascites, bronchitis,

jaundice, mental disorders [84],

antihyperhomocysteinemic [85], antioxidant [86],

antihyperglycemic [87] and antimicrobial [88]

10.

Tirivrt

Operculina turpethum

(Convulvulaceae)

Root

Anti-ulcer, anti-inflammatory, anti-diarrheal [89],

haemorrhoids and chancres [90]

11.

Danti

Baliospermum

montanum (Willd.)

Muell-Arg

(Euphorbiaceae)

Leaves, root,

stem

Increasing neutrophil function [91], anticancer [92],

hydroxylnitrile lyase activity [93], antimicrobial

[94], antifungal [95], antioxidant [96],

immunomodulator [97], anthelmintic [98] and

hypatoprotective

[99]

IJPBA, Jan - Feb, 2011, Vol. 2, Issue, 1

Amit Lather et al. / An Ayurvedic Polyherbal Formulation Kaishore Guggulu: A Review

CONCLUSION:

Kaishore guggulu is mainly used as antiallergic,

antibacterial and blood purifying properties.

Kaishore guggulu can be used to support healthy

joints (in gout), muscles (in fibromylegia), in back

pain and connective tissue. It acts as aging skin

health promoter, natural blood cleanser, useful as

supportive dietary herbal supplement in many

health conditions such as diabetes, skin diseases

etc. There is minute scientific study about the

pharmacological activities of the Kaishore guggul.

So this review helps the researcher to explore this

formulation for more pharmacological activities of

the Kaishore guggul.

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AYURVEDIC MANAGEMENT OF DRUG INDUCED EXFOLIATIVE DERMATITIS W.S.R RAKSA-SINGLE CASE STUDY

Article

Jun 2023

Drug-induced exfoliative dermatitis also known as erythroderma is a group of rare and severe drug hypersensitivity reactions involving skin and usually occurring from days to several weeks after drug exposure. Cutaneous drug eruptions are one of the most common types of adverse reactions to medications. Although the etiology is often unknown, exfoliative dermatitis may be the result of a drug reaction or underlying malignancy. In Ayurveda, this clinical entity can be correlated with Raksa(~skin disease). Acharya Sushruta has described Raksa as Ksudra kustha and also as a Ksudra roga having dominance of Kapha dosha with clinical representation of eruptions with pruritis. The word “Kustha”(~skin disease) is used in Ayurveda generally as a universal term for all types of skin disorders or manifestations. Kustha is a Tridoshaja vyadhi mentioned in Ayurveda that undergoes manifestation in the Bahya rogamarga. Here we represent a case of 36-yr old female patient complaining of reddish patches over left and right hypochondriac region with intense itching and burning sensation that has been treated successfully with Rasa manikya, Prawal pishti, Kaishore guggulu, Avipattikar churna, Maha manjisthadi kashyam for 15 days of regular treatment. The present case report illustrates the signicance of Shamana chikitsa in the management of Raksa.

Management of Kitibha Kustha (Psoriasis) -A case report

Article

Full-text available

Sep 2020

In Ayurveda all the skin disease is kept under the topic "kustha roga". Kitibha kustha is one of the kustha roga in which the skin becomes dull black, rough, dry like scar. It is vitiated by vata and kapha doshas. It can be clinically correlated with psoriasis in modern science. Psoriasis is the chronic inflammatory and hyper proliferative skin disease. Here, in the case a male patient of 42 years came with complain of scaly lesion all over the body since 32 years. Lesion was associated with itching and aggravated in winter season. The patient was clinically diagnosed with Kitibha Khustha (psoriasis). For the case sodhana and samana chikitsa was done. Patient got relief with in the treatment of 45days. Through the case it can be concluded that kitibha kusth can be cured by following the treatment protocol of Ayurveda. Introduction:

TREATMENT OF BURN SCAR CONTRACTURE WITH AGNIKARMA: A CASE REPORT

Article

Full-text available

Jun 2020

Mahesh Kumar

The burn scar and contracture cases are highly common. The burn scar is inevitable even after best effort and contracture is common complication after burn which restrict the movement of injured area. The healed burn scar cases lead to varying degrees of functional and aesthetic components. Many treatment modalities are available for their treatment. The occupational therapy, physiotherapy and surgical release of burn contracture are in practice but not cured easily. Ayurveda have different treatment modality for the treatment of wound and their complications one of them is Agnikarma. The Agnikarma is simply intentional therapeutic heat burn therapy and is in practice to reduce the Stabdhta (stiffness) in disease condition. The Agnikarma is indicated in diseases caused by Vata and Kapha doshas. The purpose of case report is to show the role of Agnikarma in releasing burn contracture and to make painless hand movement. The traditional Bindu type linear Agnikarma with the help of Tamra shalaka (copper rod) performed at the stiffness site followed by Ghritkumari (Aloevera Linn.) paste and Yastimadhu (Glycirrhiza glabra Linn.) powder application. The Agnikarma have effect in loosening and releasing of burn contracture. Finally, the patient got benefited.

Tinospora cordifolia stem supplementation in diabetic dyslipidemia: an open labelled randomized controlled trial

Article

Full-text available

Aug 2015

Background: Medicinal plants are powerful health promoting nutritional agents. Among the vast library of medicinal plants Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) has been meagrely explored. It belongs to the family Menispermaceae and is a rich source of alkaloid and terpenes. It has hepatoprotective, antioxidant, immunostimulatory, hyperlipidemic, anticancer and antidiabetic properties. The stem contains berberine, palmatine, tembetarine, magnoflorine, tinosporin, tinocordifolin. The stem starch is highly nutritive and digestive. In modern medicine it is called the magical rejuvenating herb owing to its properties to cure many diseases. The stem contains higher alkaloid content than the leaves because of which it is approved for medicinal usage. With a host of phytochemical properties present in the stem, it may hold potential to manage dyslipidemia and dysglycemia, which otherwise has been proven only in pre-clinical studies. Objective: To study the impact of tinospora cordifolia stem supplementation on the glycemic and lipemic profile of subjects with diabetic dyslipidemia. Methods: Type 2 diabetics with dyslipidemia on oral hypoglycemic agents were enrolled. Baseline data on medical history, family history of lifestyle diseases, duration of diabetes diagnosis, drug profile, anthropometric data, dietary data and physical activity data was obtained along with a fasting blood sample for estimating high sensitivity C reactive protein (hs-CRP), hepatic, renal, lipid profile and glycated hemoglobin. The participants were randomized into either of the two groups; intervention group (n=29) received 250mg of encapsulated mature stem of tinospora cordifolia pre meal twice a day along with prescribed dyslipidemic agent and control group (n=30) only on dyslipidemic agents for a period of 60 days. After 60 days all the parameters were re-assessed to analyse the impact of the intervention. Results: Majority of the subjects in both the arms were in the 50-60 years age bracket with a similar duration of diabetes, disease and drug profile. Tinospora cordifolia supplementation led to a significant decline in waist circumference (94.7 to 94.2cm, P 0.004), hip circumference (99.9 to 9.5cm, P 0.004), waist stature ratio (0.594 to 0.591, P 0.004) and systolic blood pressure (132.6 to 127.1mmHg, P 0.0017) vs. significant decline in hip circumference (100.02 to 99.7cm, P 0.01) and systolic blood pressure (134.5 to 130.1mmHg, P 0.0013) in controls. The intervention brought about a significant decline in hs-CRP (4.6 to 2.8mg/l, P 0.0007) and the prevalence of hs-CRP>3mg/l declined from 65.5% to 37.9% (P 0.037). Renal and hepatic parameters remained in the normal range. Decline in HbA1c, although non-significant, was more evident in the intervention arm (7.7 to 7.5%, P 0.09) than the controls (7.9 to 7.81%, P 0.52). Intervention led to significant reductions in total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein, triglycerides and very low density lipoprotein and among controls too, but of lesser intensity. The number of dyslipidemic features declined by 28.6% (P 0.0036) in the intervention arm and by 19.4% in controls (P 0.020). The prevalence of metabolic syndrome decreased by 13.73% from 68.9% to 55.17% in the intervention arm and reduced by 6.7% from 56.7% to 50% among controls. Conclusion: Tinospora cordifolia stem supplementation brought about more evident changes in the lipoprotein fractions, inflammatory markers and metabolic syndrome than the controls.

Investigating the Efficacy of Commiphora Mukul Drops in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial

Article

Jun 2024

Role of Kushthaghna, Kandughna, and Varnya yoga in Vicharchika (allergic contact dermatitis): A case report

Article

Full-text available

Dec 2023

Contact Dermatitis (CD) is the reactive eczematous inflammation of the skin. CD is caused by various daily substances such as shampoos, cleansers, moisturizers, nail polish, dye gloves, and different shoe materials. Allergic Contact Dermatitis (ACD) is a type of dermatitis caused by allergic substances. It has symptoms such as itching and redness with flaky rashes. In conventional systems of medicine, topical applications and systematic use of steroids and anti-allergics are the main treatment modalities for relief. However, these interventions are associated with certain limitations and side effects. In Ayurveda, most of the skin diseases are narrated under the umbrella of Kushtha (~various skin diseases). Among different varieties of Kushtha, Vicharchika (~form of dermatitis) has comparable symptoms with ACD that include Kandu (~itching), Srava (~discharge), Pidaka (~vesicles), and Shyava varna (~blackish discoloration). A 47-year-old female having swelling with small ulcers in the bilateral foot on the contact area of slipper straps for 15–20 days visited the outpatient department, she was diagnosed as Vicharchika considering the clinical presentation. On the basis of Ayurveda principles, she was treated with a combination of Kushthaghna, Kandughna , and Varnya yoga (~formulations) of Ayurveda including Panchatikta guggulu ghrita, Arogyavardhini vati, Punarnavasava, Gandhaka rasayana, Haridra khanda along with Nidana parivarjana (~elimination of etiological factors) of ACD. The patient got complete relief within 37 days of treatment without any side effects. It reflects that Ayurvedic formulations having anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, anti-bacterial, and blood purifier potential are effective in the management of ACD.

Management of non healing venous ulcer : A case report

Article

Full-text available

Sep 2023

Venous ulcer is the recurrent form of ulceration that occurs due to chronic venous insufficiency. Its annual prevalence rate is 1.69%. If not properly treated, it may lead to gangrene, cellulitis, and even amputation of the affected part. The condition can be correlated to Sirah granthi janya dushta vrana in classics. In the conventional system, conservative and surgical treatment is practiced, which has only a supportive role. Ayurveda treatment modalities have vast potential in various challenging skin conditions and ulcers. The present case report is the description of a venous ulcer of a 42-year-old male, which was diagnosed through a Doppler study of the venous system of lower limbs. Here, a holistic Ayurvedic approach, including Shamana chikitsa (pacifying therapy) and Jaloka (leech therapy), was employed for 3 months. Complete healing of wound without any adverse event and relapse was noticed.

Effect of Ayurvedic Intervention as an adjunct therapy in Post COVID-19 Mucormycosis (PCM): A non-randomized parallel group study

Article

Full-text available

Oct 2022
J Ayurveda Integr Med

Background The Ayurveda therapy is often used as an adjunct to conventional allopathic treatments for management of chronic disorders including life threatening infections such as post COVID-19 Mucormycosis (PCM). Aims/Objectives The aim of the current study is to evaluate the role of adjunct Ayurveda therapy (AAT+CAT) over conventional Allopathic therapy (CAT) in the prevention of progression of oral/orbital/neural extension of PCM. Material and methods A non-randomised parallel group interventional study was on a sample of 92 cases of PCM, sorted into two groups i.e. group A (n=46; AAT+CAT) and group B (n=46; CAT/controls). The group A received AAT (lab-tested standardised regimen) while simultaneously receiving conventional antifungal measures (or CAT). The outcomes assessed were clinical symptomatic grading score, Nasal endoscopic examination for patency of sinuses, Progression or extension of disease from sinuses to maxilla, orbit and brain, need of additional surgical interventions and antifungal medication after study period, adverse drug reactions and mortality. Results The group A (AAT+CAT)) had shown extension free PCM in 86.96 % (n=40) as opposed to 41.3% (n=19) in group B (CAT), No surgical interventions were needed in 89.13 %(n=41) in group A vs. 60.87% (n=28) in group B. Around 69.5% (n=32) in group A vs. 4.37% (n=2) in group B did not need antifungal medication. The safety of both arms of the therapy has been determined by liver function and renal profile which are with in normal range in both groups. Conclusion Adjunct Ayurveda therapy (given along with routine medical therapy) for PCM showed a better cure and reduced disease progression after a trial period of 45 days and in the extended observational period of three months. AAT+CAT regimen is not only therapeutically effective, but also safe and economical option to consider for PCM.

Case Report Central retinal vein occlusion and its management through Ayurveda: A case report

Article

Full-text available

Apr 2022

Central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) is a condition in which the main vein that drains blood from the retina closes off partially or completely. This condition is associated with sudden, unilateral, and moderate-to-marked or total loss of vision. In the present case report, a 58-year-old male patient suffered from CRVO with chief complaints of sudden painless diminution of distant and near vision of the right eye with a duration of 1 week and was treated with Ayurveda medications and therapeutic procedures. Oral medicines such as decoctions, herbal powder, and tablets were administered along with therapeutic procedures which include Nasya (medication through nasal route) therapy and local therapies such as Bidalaka (application of medicated paste on eye lids) and Shirolepa (application of medicated paste on head). Pre-and post-assessments were done by visual acuity (VA), posterior segment examination, and optical coherence tomography, which showed improvement at the end of 3 months' treatment. At the end of the treatment, there is improvement noted in distance and near VA in the right eye. Ophthalmoscopic findings revealed a reduction in hemorrhages and edema in the right eye. The effectiveness of Ayurveda interventions observed in the present case indicates that CRVO can be treated with Ayurveda medication and therapeutic procedures such as Nasya, Bidalaka, and Shirolepa.

Ayurvedic management of acne vulgaris

Article

Full-text available

Jan 2021

Introduction: Acne vulgaris has always been one of the most burning problems of the young population. Acne vulgaris like presentation in Ayurveda has been described as Shalmali thorn like eruptions on the face due to vitiation of Kapha, Vata, and Rakta under the heading of Mukhadushika. Very less scientific data is available depicting the effect of Ayurvedic intervention in such cases. Main Clinical Finding: Present case reports a 26 years old female having multiple acne for the past 6 months. She had papules and pustule with itching, pain, and blackish spots on cheeks. Diagnosis: Condition was diagnosed as Acne vulgaris (Ayurvedic diagnosis – Pitta-Kapha dominant Tridoshika Mukhadushika). Interventions: The patient was treated with Kaishor Guggulu, Raktaprasadakahima, and the local application of Terminalia arjuna powder mixed with honey daily for 1 month. Outcome: The patient had relief in all the symptoms after 15 days of treatment with no new eruptions. Complete remission of the disease was observed after 1 month of treatment with the improved skin condition. Conclusion: This case study demonstrates the potential and usefulness of Ayurveda in the management of acne vulgaris.

Effect of Baliospermum montanum root extract on phagocytosis by human neutrophils

Article

Full-text available

Jan 2008

Pharmacological Screening of Root of Operculina turpethum and its Formulations

Article

Full-text available

Nov 2005

The root of Operculina turpethum is the chief ingredient in the Ayurvedic formulation viz. Avipattikara churna used for the treatment of gastric ulcer and related gastrointestinal disturbances. Its incorporation in the formulation is not scientifically studied. Hence, in the present study root and its formulations are investigated for anti-ulcer, anti-inflammatory and anti-diarrheal properties. The root powder of Operculina turpethum and its formulations were studied for anti-ulcer activity by using Shay rat that have administered preparation at 30 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg dose levels. The results revealed that the root powder and formulations have reduced the hyperacidity to the extent of 50 - 55% at 100mg/kg dose level. The root powder was found to be better than all formulations. The root powder and the formulation have reduced the charcoal movement significantly in charcoal meal test in mice at 400mg/kg dose. Similarly, these preparations have reduced the edema volume in formalin induced inflammation model in rats at 100mg/kg dose. The study revealed that the incorporation of root of Operculina turpethum in Avipattikara Churna is justifiable.

Free radical scavenging activity of aqueous extract of roots of Baliospermum montanum Muell-Arg

Article

Full-text available

Jan 2008
Int J Green Pharm

Free radical scavenging potential of the aqueous extract of roots of Baliospermum montanum Muell-Arg, a medicinal plant, was evaluated by using diphenyl-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) assay and nitric oxide (NO) scavenging assay. The in vitro antioxidant activity of the plant extract was determined by DPPH and NO scavenging activity method. In the DPPH method, antioxidants present in the plant extract reacted with DPPH, which is a stable free radical, and converted it to 1,1-diphenyl-1,2-picryl, hydrazine. The results were expressed as IC 50 . Ascorbic acid, which was used as a standard, showed an IC 50 of 19.90 ± 2.3 μg/ml, whereas the plant extract showed an IC 50 of 26.22 ± 0.8 mg/ml. In the second method, NO generated from sodium nitroprusside in aqueous solution at physiological pH interacted with oxygen to produce nitrite ion, which was measured at 540 nm. Ascorbic acid, the standard, showed an IC 50 of 5.62 ± 2.5 μg/ml; the plant extract showed an IC 50 of 36.66 ± 2.8 μg/ml. In the present study, aqueous extract of B. montanum showed remarkable and concentration-dependent free radical scavenging activity comparable to that of a standard such as ascorbic acid in the studied models; significant results were observed in the estimated parameters, thereby indicating that B. montanum has promising free radical scavenging activity.

Antihyperhomocysteinemic Activity of an Ethanol Extract from Embelia ribes. in Albino Rats

Article

Full-text available

Oct 2008

An ethanol extract from Embelia ribes. Burm (Myrsinaceae) fruits was investigated for its antihyperhomocysteinemic and lipid-lowering potential in methionine-induced hyperhomocysteinemia rats. Hyperhomocysteinemia was induced by methionine (1 g/kg, p.o., 30 days) through drinking water in male albino rats. A significant (p < 0.01) increase in homocysteine, lactate dehydrogenase, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein levels in serum and lipid peroxides levels in heart homogenates with a concomitant decrease in serum high-density lipoprotein and myocardial glutathione levels were observed in pathogenic control rats compared with normal healthy control rats. Furthermore, ethanol Embelia ribes. extract (100 and 200 mg/kg, p.o., 30 days) treatment in both the doses significantly reversed all the above-mentioned parameters compared with pathogenic control rats. The results of test drug were comparable with folic acid (100 mg/kg, p.o.), a standard antihyperhomocysteinemic agent. The results indicated that ethanol Embelia ribes. extract has significant antihyperhomocysteinemic and lipid-lowering potential in hyperhomocysteinemic rats.

Spasmolytic activity of Piper nigrum fruit aqueous extract on rat non-pregnant uterus

Article

Full-text available

Jan 2007

Black pepper (Piper nigrum) from Piperaceae and its main ingredient (piperine) reduces the gastric emptying in rats. In Iranian traditional medicine, black pepper is used to relieve menorrhalgia in women. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of black pepper fruit aqueous extract on rat non-pregnant uterus contractions and the mechanism(s) of its action. To prepare the extract, black pepper powder was added to boiling distilled water and then, solvent was evaporated. Uterus was dissected from non-pregnant adult rat (Wistar) and in De Jalon solution the tissue contractions were recorded isometrically under 1 g tension. The extract (0.125-2 mg/ml) reduced the uterus contractions induced by KCl (60 mM) and oxytocin (10 mU/ml) dose dependently (p<0.0001). The spasmolytic effect of extract on the KCl-induced contractions was not reduced by L-NAME (100 μM), phentolamine (1 μM) and naloxone (1 μM). However, propranolol (1 μM) reduced the extract activity (p<0.01-p<0.0001). In Ca2+-free De Jalon solution with high potassium (60 mM), extract (0.0312-0.25 mg/ml) reduced the contractions induced by cumulative concentrations of CaCl2 (0.1-0.5 mM) dose dependently (p<0.05-p<0.0001). Our results suggest that the spasmolytic effect of the extract on rat uterus was mediated via voltage dependent calcium channels and β-adrenoceptors could also be involved in this action. Our results may support the use of black pepper in traditional medicine to relief the menorrhalgia.

Screening of methanol and acetone extracts of fourteen Indian medicinal plants for antimicrobial activity

Article

Jan 2007

The methanol and acetone extracts of 14 plants belonging to different families were evaluated for antimicrobial activity against five Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus. Staphylococcus epidermidis, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Micrococcus flavus, seven Gram-negative bacteria: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, Salmonella typhimurium, Citrobacter freundii; and three fungi: Candida tropicalis, Cryptococcus luteolus and Candida albicans. The in vitro antimicrobial activity was performed by agar disc diffusion method. The extractive yield was more in methanol than in acetone. The methanol extracts showed more antibacterial activity than acetone extracts. The most susceptible bacterium was K. pneumoniae and the most resistant were P. vulgaris, S. typhimurium, P. aeruginosa and E. coli. Preliminary phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of tannins, cardiac glycosides, steroids and saponins. Among the plant species screened, the best antimicrobial activity was shown by Aristolochia indica; hence, this plant can be further subjected to isolation of the therapeutic antimicrobials and to further pharmacological evaluation.

Healing Plants of Peninsular India

Article

Jan 2001

John A. Parrotta

Hepatoprotective activity of fruits of Piper longum L

Article

Jan 2003
Indian J Pharmaceut Sci

Ethanol extract of Piper longum fruits and five different crude fractions, petroleum ether (40-60°), solvent ether, ethyl acetate, butanol and butanone were subjected to preliminary qualitative chemical investigations. The ethanolic extract and all other fractions were screened orally for hepatoprotective activity in adult Wistar rats. The ethanolic extract and butanol fraction have shown significant activity, lowering the serum enzymes glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and glutamic pyruvic transaminase in rats treated with carbon tetrachloride when compared to control and Liv-52-treated rats.

In-Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Fruits Extract of Embelia ribes Burm.

Article