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Effect of turmeric (Curcuma longa) on overweight hyperlipidemic subjects: Double blind study
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the effect of turmeric (Curcuma longa) on serum lipid profile in overweight hyperlipidemic subjects. Methods: This was a double blind randomised control study. The study was conducted in the Department of Medicine, CSM Medical University, Lucknow from July 2010-June 2011. A total of 120 subjects were interviewed using a pre-tested semi-structured schedule whose BMI>25 and total cholestero1>200 mg/dl and/or triglyceride>l50 mgldl, were divided randomly using random number table into 2 groups Group-I (Aquous extract of Turmeric-1.4 gm per day) (n=53) and Group-I1 (Placebo) (n=52) for three months. They were given the same color capsules without revealing their identity, with the instructions to take the contents of each pack twice a day before meal for 90 days. Subjects were asked to give their 12 hour fasting blood samples on 0, 30, 60 and 90 day. The paired t-test was used to compare the changes amongst follow-ups and unpaired t-test was used to compare between groups. p-value<0.05 was considered as significant. Results: At the baseline, both the groups were similar in anthropometric and clinical parameters. Treatment group produced significant (p<0.0001) reduction in lipid profiles such as serum total cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL-cholesterol and VLDL- cholesterol in hypercholesteremic group from 0 day to 30, 60 and 90 day of follow-ups. However, there was no significant change in the placebo group. The percentage reduction was higher in the subjects of Turmeric group as compared to Placebo. Conclusion: Aquous extract of Turmeric has shown lipid lowering properties among overweight hyperlipidemic subjects.
... In hyperlipidemic type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, the daily intake of 2100mg powdered rhizome of turmeric for eight weeks led to significant decreases in body weight, TG, LDL-c, and TC. Pashine et al. (59) further validated turmeric's efficacy in overweight hyperlipidemic subjects, where an aqueous extract of turmeric (1.4mg/day) over three months resulted in significant reductions in TC, LDL, TG, LDL-c, and VLDL-c levels when compared to a placebo group. Lastly, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients who received 2g/day of turmeric oral capsules for eight weeks showed decreases in LDL, HDL, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, pointing towards turmeric's antioxidant and lipid-lowering effects. ...
Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of mortality globally, with lifestyle and dietary habits playing crucial roles in their development and progression. Spices such as ginger, garlic, and turmeric have been traditionally recognized for their health benefits, attributed to their rich content of bioactive compounds. These spices offer potential therapeutic strategies for managing and preventing CVDs through various mechanisms, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, hypo-lipidemic, and anti-thrombotic properties. Objective: This review aims to synthesize current evidence on the cardioprotective effects of ginger, garlic, and turmeric, focusing on their impact on lipid profiles, endothelial function, and overall cardiovascular risk factors. Methods: A comprehensive search of databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science was conducted to identify relevant studies published up to 2023. Criteria for inclusion encompassed clinical trials and observational studies examining the effects of ginger, garlic, and turmeric on CVD risk factors. Data on study design, population, intervention, outcomes, and conclusions were extracted and synthesized. Results: The review included studies that reported beneficial effects of ginger, garlic, and turmeric on cardiovascular health. Specifically, these spices were found to improve lipid profiles by reducing levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and triglycerides, while increasing high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Furthermore, they exhibited anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, which are vital in mitigating endothelial dysfunction and reducing cardiovascular risk. Conclusion: Ginger, garlic, and turmeric possess significant potential in reducing CVD risk through multiple mechanisms. Their inclusion in the diet may offer a natural and complementary approach to conventional CVD therapies. However, further large-scale, randomized controlled trials are necessary to confirm these findings and facilitate the integration of these spices into medical practice for CVD prevention and management.
... In the trial by Rahimi et al. (2016) the raw data for TG were presented using median values, suggesting that the distribution of baseline values may be abnormal. Secondly, five trials used nanocurcumin for intervention (Rahmani et al., 2016;Jazayeri-Tehrani et al., 2019;Osali, 2020;Shafabakhsh et al., 2020;Mokhtari et al., 2021), three trials used other highly bioavailable curcumin preparations (Mirzabeigi et al., 2015;Funamoto et al., 2019;Mirhafez et al., 2019) and 15 trials used low bioavailable curcumin preparations (e.g., homemade curcumin capsules, turmeric root powder, etc.) (Pashine et al., 2012;Na et al., 2013;Chuengsamarn et al., 2014;Yang et al., 2014;Amin et al., 2015;Rahmani et al., 2016;Adab et al., 2019;Adibian et al., 2019;Chashmniam et al., 2019;Saadati et al., 2019;Sohaei et al., 2019;Vanaie et al., 2019;Husain et al., 2020;Jamilian et al., 2020;Alidadi et al., 2021). In addition, the duration of the intervention ranged from 6 weeks to 24 weeks and the dose ranged from 80 mg/d to 2400 mg/d. ...
Objective
Published studies suggest that the effects of curcumin on blood lipids in adults are controversial, and it is unclear whether there is a dose response to lipid changes following curcumin supplementation. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to evaluate the effects of curcumin on triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) in the Asian populations with metabolic diseases.
Methods
We systematically searched four electronic databases, including Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library, for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of the effects of curcumin on TG, TC, LDL, and HDL in the Asian populations with metabolic diseases. Mean difference (MD) indicates effect size with combined 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Heterogeneity among studies was assessed by I ² . Subgroup analyses were performed to explore potential sources of heterogeneity.
Results
Evidence from 23 RCTs for TG, 21 RCTs for TC and LDL, and 22 RCTs for HDL showed that curcumin supplementation significantly reduced TG (MD: −18.07 mg/dL, 95% CI: −30.30, −5.85, P < 0. 01), TC (MD: −13.29 mg/dL, 95% CI: −20.43, −6.16, P < 0.01), and LDL (MD: −10.44 mg/dL, 95% CI: −16.87, −4.00, P < 0.01), but no effect on HDL (MD: 1.66 mg/dL, 95% CI: −0.13, 3.44, P = 0.07). In the non-linear dose-response analysis, we observed a significant effect of curcumin supplementation dose on TG levels (P-non-linearity = 0.022).
Conclusion
In conclusion, curcumin may be beneficial in reducing TG, TC, and LDL levels in the Asian populations with metabolic diseases. The dose of curcumin intervention may be an underlying factor influencing TG levels.
... The effect of curcumin is associated with the chelation of transition metals (iron and copper), resulting in its antioxidant capacity, protecting it from oxidative stress, and resulting in its anti-inflammatory action [96]. Regarding its antiobesogenic effect [97], curcumin can modulate molecular markers in the synthesis of HDL-c [98,99], causing a reduction in total plasma cholesterol levels [100][101][102]; increase the elimination of cholesterol from the diet [100,103] and decrease intestinal cholesterol absorption even in cases of high-fat diets [103,104]; and decrease the attenuation of atherosclerotic lesions for modulating the pro-inflammatory cytokine levels and altering adhesion molecules and MMP gene expression [101]. In addition, curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, and bisdemethoxycurcumin can act to inhibit the enzymes acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase, serving as potential drugs for Alzheimer's disease, and inhibit the enzyme α-glucosidase, demonstrating antidiabetic activity [105]. ...
Curcuma longa, a native species to South Asia, is commonly known as turmeric and traditionally used as a spice and dye in culinary preparations and as a traditional herbal medicine. The bioactive compounds of C. longa have different effects such as antioxidant, antitumor, antimicrobial, insecticide, larvicide, repellent, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, healing, and gastroprotective properties. In this chapter, we describe the major chemical compounds present in C. longa and how these compounds demonstrate biological potential in human health. C. longa and its bioactive compounds have important health-promoting effects and have the potential for the development of pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, or food ingredients.
... The effect of curcumin is associated with the chelation of transition metals (iron and copper), resulting in its antioxidant capacity, protecting it from oxidative stress, and resulting in its anti-inflammatory action [96]. Regarding its antiobesogenic effect [97], curcumin can modulate molecular markers in the synthesis of HDL-c [98,99], causing a reduction in total plasma cholesterol levels [100][101][102]; increase the elimination of cholesterol from the diet [100,103] and decrease intestinal cholesterol absorption even in cases of high-fat diets [103,104]; and decrease the attenuation of atherosclerotic lesions for modulating the pro-inflammatory cytokine levels and altering adhesion molecules and MMP gene expression [101]. In addition, curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, and bisdemethoxycurcumin can act to inhibit the enzymes acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase, serving as potential drugs for Alzheimer's disease, and inhibit the enzyme α-glucosidase, demonstrating antidiabetic activity [105]. ...
... Few adverse events were reported in the curcuminoids group and included hot flashes, headache, skin rash, constipation, nausea, diarrhea, flatulence, abdominal pain, vomiting, feeling cold and bruising (Baum L 2007, Chuengsamarn S 2014, Mirzabeigi P 2015, Mohammadi A 2013, Panahi Y 2014a, Pungcharoenkul K 2011, Rahmani S 2016, Sukandar EY 2013, Usharani P 2008, Yang YS 2014 all of which were of mild intensity and short duration. Only one study reported insufficient information regarding adverse effects (Na LX 2013) though other trials did not provide any safety information (Alwi I 2008, DiSilvestro RA 2012, Funamoto M 2016, Pashine L 2012, Rahimi HR 2016. ...
Objective:
The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine and clarify the impact of curcuminoids on serum lipid levels.
Methods:
Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effects of curcuminoids on plasma lipids were searched in PubMed-Medline, Scopus, Web of Science databases (from inception to April 3rd, 2017). A random-effects model and generic inverse variance method were used for quantitative data synthesis. Sensitivity analysis was conducted using the leave-one-out method. A weighted random-effects meta-regression was performed to evaluate the impact of potential confounders on lipid concentrations.
Results:
A meta-analysis of 20 RCTs with 1427 participants suggested a significant decrease in plasma concentrations of triglycerides (WMD: -21.36 mg/dL, 95% CI: -32.18, -10.53, p < 0.001), and an elevation in plasma HDL-C levels (WMD: 1.42 mg/dL, 95% CI: 0.03, 2.81, p = 0.046), while plasma levels of LDL-C (WMD: -5.82 mg/dL, 95% CI: -15.80, 4.16, p = 0.253) and total cholesterol (WMD: -9.57 mg/dL, 95% CI: -20.89, 1.75, p = 0.098) were not altered. The effects of curcuminoids on lipids were not found to be dependent on the duration of supplementation.
Conclusion:
This meta-analysis has shown that curcuminoid therapy significantly reduces plasma triglycerides and increases HDL-C levels.
... Owoce kolendry służą łagodzeniu stanów zapalnych, niestrawności, a także leczeniu biegunek, dny moczanowej, reumatyzmu i zawrotów głowy [74]. [54]. Badania przeprowadzone przez Kima, wykazały, że dzienne spożycie wodno-alkoholowego ekstraktu (w dawce równoważnej 20 mg kurkuminy), przez zdrowe osoby w wieku 27-67 lat, przez 45 dni, doprowadziło do znacznego spadku stężenia nadtlenków lipidów [66]. ...
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide. Literature data indicate that, due to these diseases, approximately 17.5 million people died in 2012. Types of cardiovascular disease include ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, peripheral vascular disease, congenital heart disease, rheumatic heart disease, cardiomyopathy and arrhythmia. Proper nutrition is an important factor in reducing the risk of cardiovascular events. An interesting element of our diets is spices. For thousands of years, they have been used in the treatment of many diseases: bacterial infections, coughs, colds, and liver diseases. Many studies also demonstrate their antioxidant, chemopreventive, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. This paper focuses on discussing the importance of selected spices (garlic, cinnamon, ginger, coriander and turmeric) in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
This review aimed to examine the effects of curcumin on chronic inflammatory metabolic disease by extensively evaluating meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). We performed a literature search of meta-analyses of RCTs published in English in PubMed®/MEDLINE up to 31 July 2023. We identified 54 meta-analyses of curcumin RCTs for inflammation, antioxidant, glucose control, lipids, anthropometric parameters, blood pressure, endothelial function, depression, and cognitive function. A reduction in C-reactive protein (CRP) levels was observed in seven of ten meta-analyses of RCTs. In five of eight meta-analyses, curcumin intake significantly lowered interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels. In six of nine meta-analyses, curcumin intake significantly lowered tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) levels. In five of six meta-analyses, curcumin intake significantly lowered malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. In 14 of 15 meta-analyses, curcumin intake significantly reduced fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels. In 12 of 12 meta-analyses, curcumin intake significantly reduced homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). In seven of eight meta-analyses, curcumin intake significantly reduced glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels. In eight of ten meta-analyses, curcumin intake significantly reduced insulin levels. In 14 of 19 meta-analyses, curcumin intake significantly reduced total cholesterol (TC) levels. Curcumin intake plays a protective effect on chronic inflammatory metabolic disease, possibly via improved levels of glucose homeostasis, MDA, TC, and inflammation (CRP, IL-6, TNF-α, and adiponectin). The safety and efficacy of curcumin as a natural product support the potential for the prevention and treatment of chronic inflammatory metabolic diseases.
Medicinal properties of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.), a plant used for centuries as an anti-inflammatory, are attributed to its polyphenolic curcuminoids, where curcumin predominates. Although “curcumin” supplements are a top-selling botanical with promising pre-clinical effects, questions remain regarding biological activity in humans. To address this, a scoping review was conducted to assess human clinical trials reporting oral curcumin effects on disease outcomes. Eight databases were searched using established guidelines, yielding 389 citations (from 9528 initial) that met inclusion criteria. Half focused on obesity-associated metabolic disorders (29%) or musculoskeletal disorders (17%), where inflammation is a key driver, and beneficial effects on clinical outcomes and/or biomarkers were reported for most citations (75%) in studies that were primarily double-blind, randomized, and placebo-controlled trials (77%, D-RCT). Citations for the next most studied disease categories (neurocognitive [11%] or gastrointestinal disorders [10%], or cancer [9%]), were far fewer in number and yielded mixed results depending on study quality and condition studied. Although additional research is needed, including systematic evaluation of diverse curcumin formulations and doses in larger D-RCT studies, the preponderance of current evidence for several highly studied diseases (e.g., metabolic syndrome, osteoarthritis), which are also clinically common, are suggestive of clinical benefits.
The Turmeric (Curcuma longa) has been analysed for the main phytochemical composition nutrients including mineral, Phenolic compounds, Tannins, Flavonoids, Curcumin in crude plant powder , curcumin in etheric extract and ethanolic extract. The Phytochemical screening of chemical constituents of the plant in different solvents showed that the Turmeric contains : Alkaloids, Flavonoids, Steroids, Carbohydrate, Terpenoids, Tannins, Coumarins, Saponins, Quinones, Proteins and Phenolic compounds .The quantitative contents of phenolic compounds were (±14.5000.70) mg/100gm, Tannins (6.75 ±360.75) mg/100gm, while Flavonoids, Curcumin in crude plant powder, curcumin in etheric and ethanolic extract were [ (0.29±8.873), ) 2.490 (0.098±,)1.150± 0.02) and (24.680±0.13)] % respectively .The moisture, total solid, carbohydrate, crude protein, total fat fibre and ash were found to be equal (6.152±0.27) % , (93.848±0.27) % , (36±8.48) % , (7.737) % , (2.637±0.22) % , (23.280±1.23) % and (8.860±0.03)% respectively .The energy value was (205.881)kcal/100gm with important amount of essential elements (K, Mg, Na, Fe, Ca, Zn, Mn, Cr, Co, Ni and N).
The effect of Turmeric powder , Ethereic and Ethanolic extract on the levels of antioxidant parameters , lipid profile and liver function were carried out on experimental female rabbits .
The animals were divide into ten groups which include:-
-C: As control group treated with H2O2 (0.5)%.to induced oxidative stress.
-G1 , G2 , G3: orally treated with (25,50,75) mg/Kg/day of TRP and H2O2 (0.5)%.
-G4 , G5 ,G6: orally treated with (2 , 3 , 4) mg/Kg/day of etheric extract and H2O2(0.5)%..
-G7 , G8 ,G9: orally treated with (2 , 3 , 4) mg/Kg/day of ethanolic extract and H2O2(0.5)%..
The results indicated that the levels of GPX , GSH and Albumin were significantly increased in all groups (G1-G9) except G2 in GSH compared to control group (C), while the levels of peroxy nitrate and MDA were significantly decreased in all groups compared to control group (C). The results also indicated that the level of total proteins were significantly increased in all experimental groups except in groups G1,G3 and G6 .
Total cholesterol levels were significantly decreased in groups G1 ,G3 ,G4 and G9 in compared to control group.
The levels of triglycerides and VLDL were significantly decreased in all experimental groups except groups G3 and G7 ,LDL-C were also significantly decreased in all experimental groups except in G2, In contrast, the levels of HDL-C was significantly increased in all groups except G9 , while in G1 ,G2 and G3 were significantly decreased compared to control group (C).
Results of blood glucose showed a significantly decreased in all experimental groups except G1 ,G8 and G9 compared to control group (C).
There were also significant decrease in the levels of ALT ,AST and ALP in all groups except group G7 for AST and groups G4 , G6 and G7 for ALP .
Many older people who have emigrated from Vietnam to the United States continue to use the traditional medicines that they used in their country of origin. Clinicians trained in the West may not be familiar with these products. We reviewed 6 Asian traditional medicines that are popular among older Vietnamese people living in the United States. Each medicine has significant side effects that can lead to complications in patients undergoing surgery. Here, we present the case of a patient who used Cordyceps sinensis daily as a tonic and experienced prolonged bleeding after dental surgery.
An experiment was conducted in order to study the hypocholesteremic effect of turmeric and its coloring principle namely curcumin both in the presence and absence of dietary cholesterol. Laying hens were used as the experimental animals and they were fed the experimental diets for a duration of 8 weeks.
The results of the experiment showed that turmeric or various levels of curcumin had no adverse effect on egg production, egg weight and feed to egg ratio. Moreover turmeric or various levels of curcumin both in the presence and absence of dietary cholesterol did not reduce the fat or cholesterol levels of plasma, liver or the egg yolk.
An interesting finding from this experiment was that the egg yolk cholesterol levels of cholesterol fed groups sharply increased at the beginning of the experiment, and thereafter they gradually decreased and tended to approach the normal levels at the termination of the experiment. The possible reasons for variation in egg yolk cholesterol levels of cholesterol-fed groups with time is discussed.
Plasma low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) is mainly taken up and cleared by the hepatocellular LDL receptor (LDL-R). LDL-R gene expression is regulated by the sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs). Previous studies have shown that curcumin reduces plasma LDL-C and has hypolipidemic and anti-atherosclerotic effects. Herein, we investigated the effect of curcumin on LDL-R expression and its molecular mechanism in HepG2 cells. Curcumin increased LDL-R expression (mRNA and protein) and the resultant uptake of DiI-LDL in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Using a GFP reporter system in a transfected HepG2/SRE-GFP cell line, we found that curcumin activated the sterol regulatory element of the LDL-R promoter. In HepG2/Insig2 cells, curcumin reversed the inhibition of LDL-R expression induced by Insig2 overexpression. These data demonstrate that curcumin increases LDL-R protein expression and uptake activity via the SREBPs pathway. These findings contribute to our further understanding of the cholesterol-lowering and anti-atherosclerotic effects of curcumin.
Effect of oral administration of curcumin (diferuloyl methane) on lipid peroxidation in various organs of mice like liver, lung, kidney and brain was studied in control animals as well as those given carbon tetrachloride, paraquat and cyclophosphamide. Oral administration of curcumin significantly lowered the increased peroxidation of lipids in these tissues produced by these chemicals. Administration of curcumin was also found to lower significantly the serum and tissue cholesterol levels in these animals, indicating that the use of curcumin helps in conditions associated with peroxide induced injury such as liver damage and arterial diseases.
In rats fed cholesterol and curcumin, the coloring principle in tur meric, levels of serum and liver cholesterol fell to one-half or one-third of those in rats fed cholesterol and no curcumin. Deposition of cholesterol was found most in liver sections from rats fed cholesterol and least in specimens from animals con currently fed curcumin. Curcumin increased fecal excretion of bile acids and cho lesterol, both in normal and hypercholesteremic rats. This biliary drainage is a plaus ible explanation for the reduction of tissue cholesterol on curcumin feeding. Alpha- and ß-lipoproteinsin blood plasma showed meaningful response to addition of curcumin. The imbalance in these two lipoproteins brought about by cholesterol feeding was nearly corrected by simultaneous feeding of curcumin. The above beneficial effects of curcumin were about the same with 0.1% or 0.5% of curcumin in the diet, sug gesting that the effective level of curcumin may be even lower than 0.1%. Curcumin maintained body and liver weights, correcting the ill effects in this respect caused by ingested cholesterol. The effect of curcumin in keeping down cholesterol in con ditions which otherwise induced hypercholesteremia was not through alterations in cecal microflora which are known to dismute and utilize bile acids in the gut.
Curcumin has been shown to inhibit cell growth and induce apoptosis in colon cancer cells. The metabolism of sphingomyelin has implications in the development of colon cancert. We examined whether curcumin affects the enzymes that hydrolyse sphingomyelin in Caco-2 cells. The cells were cultured in both monolayer and polarized conditions and stimulated with curcumin. The activities of sphingomyelinases were determined. Sphingomyelin and its hydrolytic products were analysed by thin layer chromatography. The changes of acid sphingomyelinase protein were examined by Western blotting. We found that curcumin reduced the hydrolytic capacity of the cells against choline-labelled sphingomyelin, associated with a mild increase of cellular sphingomyelin in the cells. Analysis of the hydrolytic products revealed that the activity was derived from acid sphingomyelinase not from phospholipase D. The curcumin-induced reduction of acid SMase required more than 8 h stimulation. Western blotting showed reduced acid sphingomyelinase protein after curcumin stimulation. The inhibitory effect was more potent in monolayer cells than in polarised cells. No changes of other sphingomyelinases were identified. In the concentrations inhibiting acid sphingomyelinase, curcumin inhibited DNA synthesis and induced cell death. In conclusion, curcumin inhibits acid sphingomyelinase and the effect might be involved in its antiproliferative property against colon cancer cells.