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A Review on Omega-3 and Omega-6 Essential Fatty Acids: Uses, Benefits and their Availability in Pumpkins (Cucurbita maxima) Seed and Desert Dates (Balanites aegyptiaca) Seed Kernel Oils
... 2 all over the world since the earliest event of history [1,2]. Furthermore, the cultivation of pumpkin is popular in Asia for domestic purposes as well as commercial [2]. ...
... 2 all over the world since the earliest event of history [1,2]. Furthermore, the cultivation of pumpkin is popular in Asia for domestic purposes as well as commercial [2]. Cucurbita maxima, one of the economically important vegetables, is cultivated in most regions of Bangladesh under a broad range of climatic conditions [3]. ...
Pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima) is a widely grown vegetable in Bangladesh and is known as the sole supplier of various nutrients. Many studies evidence the nutritional value of flesh and seed while peel, flower, and leaves were reported scarcely with limited information. Therefore, the study aimed to investigate the nutritional composition and antioxidant properties of flesh, peel, seed, leaves, and flowers of Cucurbita maxima. The seed had a remarkable composition of nutrients and amino acids. Flowers and leaves possessed higher content of minerals, phenols, flavonoids, carotenes, and total antioxidant activity. The order of IC50 value (peel > seed > leaves > flesh > flower) indicates higher DPPH radicals scavenging activity of the flower. Moreover, a significant positive relationship was observed among these phytochemical constituents (TPC, TFC, TCC, TAA) and DPPH radicals scavenging activity. It could be concluded that these five parts of the pumpkin plant have an intense potency to be an exigent component of functional food or medicinal herbs.
... 2 all over the world since the earliest event of history [1,2]. Furthermore, the cultivation of pumpkin is popular in Asia for domestic purposes as well as commercial [2]. ...
... 2 all over the world since the earliest event of history [1,2]. Furthermore, the cultivation of pumpkin is popular in Asia for domestic purposes as well as commercial [2]. Cucurbita maxima, one of the economically important vegetables, is cultivated in most regions of Bangladesh under a broad range of climatic conditions [3]. ...
... This could be explained by the richness of these oils in essential fatty acids (linoleic acid (n-6) and α-linolenic acid (n-3)) which have a lipid-lowering effect [10]. Diets rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are well known for their cholesterol-lowering action [34]. Thus, replacing saturated fatty acids (SFA) with n-6 PUFA (or having a diet enriched with n-6 PUFA) leads to a substantial decrease in total cholesterol [34]. ...
... Diets rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are well known for their cholesterol-lowering action [34]. Thus, replacing saturated fatty acids (SFA) with n-6 PUFA (or having a diet enriched with n-6 PUFA) leads to a substantial decrease in total cholesterol [34]. However, the high cholesterol level in untreated hyperlipidemic rats is thought to be due to the richness of hyperlipidaemic cholesterol diet (1%) which could have significantly increased the serum total cholesterol levels [33]. ...
Background: Hyperlipidemia is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Cucumeropsis mannii and Citrullus lanatus commonly called pumpkin seeds or egussi, the oil-rich seeds, have already demonstrated hypolipidemic activity. In Africa, these seeds are popularly used in the preparation of local foods. During that thermal process, the fatty acid content of pumpkin seeds’ oils may be altered in their functionality. Thus, this work aims at studying the effect of stifled cooking on the quality and the lipid-lowering potential of oils’ extracts from Citrullus lanatus (CL) and Cucumeropsis mannii (CM). Methods: The oils were extracted from the pumpkin seeds (raw and cooked) by a mixture of chloroform and methanol (2/1). The acid, iodine, peroxide and thiobarbituric acid value of the oils were assessed. For 28 days, the oils were subsequently administered by oral intubation to high-fat diet induced hyperlipidemic rats. At the end of the experimentation, the lipid profile, the markers of the hepatic and kidney function were determined. Results: The oils extracted from raw CL and CM significantly reduced (p˂0,05) serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, uric acid, serum transaminases, creatinine, urea and increases the serum High Density Lipoprotein (HDL)cholesterol level relative to the oils extracted from cooked CM and CL. Moreover, the oil from cooked CL significantly (p<0.05) reduced some lipid profile and toxicity parameters (triglycerides and Alanine animotransferase) while increasing the serum HDL compared to the oil extracted from cooked CM. On the other hand, all the quality parameters of the raw materials followed the limits for vegetable oils, as opposed to cooked samples. Conclusion: Stifled cooking affects the lipid-lowering potential of CM oil compared to that of CL oil. Keywords: Citrullus lanatus; Cucumeropsis mannii; Cucurbitaceae, Hyperlipidemia, Stifled cooking.
... The oil was tested for the following standard biochemical methods below [20,21]; (see Table 2-7). Table 3. Test for flavonoids [23][24][25]. ...
This study is focused on the formulation and evaluation of antimicrobial cream from Cucurbita pepo seed oil. The fresh seed oil was extracted from Cucurbita pepo (Pumpkin) which belongs to the Cucurbitaceae family. Pure Cucurbita pepo essential oil was collected in the store. This is extracted cold pressed method. This seed oil contains tocopherol, sterols, carotenoids, vitamin C, vitamin A, and Zn, Mg, fatty acids (omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids). Cucurbita pepo seed oil, beeswax, borax, distilled water and other excipients are used in the formulation of antimicrobial cream. Four formulations F1, F2, F3, and F4 were formulated using different concentrations of beeswax and seed oil. To determine whether formulations are superior, the physical appearance, spreadability, irritancy, washability, stability, pH, viscosity, test for emulsion (dye test and dilution test), and antimicrobial activity of formulation will be evaluated in the laboratory. During the research period, we found F3 formulation was good and there was no phase separation, and it was showing antimicrobial activity so choose F3 as the good formulation.
... The family cucurbitaceae is highly utilized as food for its plenty of nutrients [10]. For instance, during pregnancy, the demand for nutrients is high [11] and plants in this family such as water melon and pumpkin are important for embryonic development, infant brain and retinal development as they are excellent sources of Omega-3 and Omega-6 fatty acids [12]. This family is also known for its medicinal values. ...
Background:
Malaria is a public health menace. Resistance to therapeutic armamentarium is impeding its control. Therefore, research targeting the discovery of novel antimalarial drug arsenals is a priority. The important point to begin the search for such drugs is the folkloric medicinal plants. Ripe fruit of Lagenaria siceraria is bored, rinsed with cold water, and one glass is used as a drink early in the morning for the treatment of malaria in Ethiopian folk medicine. In vivo antimalarial efficacy of the plant was not affirmed scientifically, though. Consequently, the present study was conducted to assess the in vivo antiplasmodial effect of Lagenaria siceraria in P. berghei infected mice.
Methods:
The fruits were extracted using 80% methanol in water. Acute toxicity test was conducted on the extract. Secondary phytochemicals were assessed. The four day suppressive test was employed in mice infected with P. berghei. Thirty mice were grouped in to five and inoculated with P. berghei. After 3 h, three of the groups received the extract at doses 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg. The remaining groups served as negative (2% Tween80) and positive control (chloroquine). Parasitemia, packed cell volume, weight, temperature and survival time were monitored. SPSS version 22 was used for data analysis.
Results:
No toxicity was seen in mice. The crude extract elicited significant suppression (p < 0.05) of the parasite compared to the negative control. The highest parasite suppression (77.37%) was measured at the upper dose. Furthermore, the crude extract significantly (p < 0.05) prevented body weight loss, anemia, reduction in temperature and prolonged the survival time compared to the negative control.
Conclusion:
This study asserted that the fruit of Lagenaria siceraria is enriched with in vivo antimalarial activity. Hence, further in depth antimalarial investigations on the plant is strongly recommended.
... Using a separating funnel we have separated the oil [16][17][18][19]. The oil was tested for the following standard biochemical methods below [20,21], ( ...
This study is focused on the "Formulation and evaluation of anti-microbial cream from Cucurbita pepo seed oil. The fresh seed oil was extracted from Cucurbita pepo (Pumpkin) which belongs to the Cucurbitaceae family. Pure Cucurbita pepo essential oil was collected in the store. This is extracted cold pressed method. This seed oil contains tocopherol, sterols, carotenoids, vitamin C, vitamin A, and Zn, Mg, fatty acids (omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids. Cucurbita pepo seed oil, beeswax, borax, distilled water and other excipients are used in the formulation of antimicrobial cream. Four formulations F1, F2, F3, and F4 were formulated using different concentrations of beeswax and seed oil. To determine whether formulationsation are superior, the physical appearance, spreadability, irritancy, washability, stability, pH, viscosity, test for emulsion (dye test and dilution test), and antimicrobial activity of formulation will be evaluated in the laboratory. During the research period we found F3 formulation was good and there was no phase separation and it was showing antimicrobial activity so choose F3 as the good formulation.
... It was also observed that the oils contained significant amount of unsaturated fatty acids of 76.17% and 62.72% for the kernel and pulp oils of B. aegyptiaca. Elhardallou" [27] "reported that omega-3 and omega-6 essential fatty acids are present in the kernel and pulp oil. [11,28,29]. ...
Aims: This work is aimed at investigating physicochemical parameters and compositions of fatty acid, phospholipid and sterol of desert date (Balanites aegyptiaca) kernel and pulp. Study Design: Balanites aegyptiaca fruit is one of the oldest feed-stocks in Africa of which little or no attention has been given to it. The plant plays a diverse cultural and traditional role in different societies. Therefore, it is very important to explore more about the chemical composition of the kernel and pulp oils of Balanites aegyptiaca; since it is currently attracting considerable research interest as a result of its diverse beneficial properties. Methodology: The physicochemical parameters, fatty acids, phospholipids and phytosterols of B. aegyptiaca seed and pulp oils have been analyzed and compared with the standards and that of conventional oil for easy assessment of their suitability for nutritional and industrial applications. Results: The results of some physicochemical parameters of kernel and pulp oils were acid value (26.35 and 15.60 mg KOH/g), peroxide value (3.82 and 5.90 meq/kg), saponification value (162.40 and 198.60 mg KOH/g), iodine value (55.20 and 142.50 mg of I/100 g), specific gravity (0.93 and 0.92), kinematic viscosity (2.12 and 1.65 St) and refractive index (1.41 and 1.39), respectively. The most concentrated fatty acids were palmitic acid (14.53%) < linoleic acid (35.65%) < oleic acid (38.27%) for the kernel oil while that of pulp oil were linolenic acid (8.21%) < oleic acid (16.80%) < palmitic acid (32.70%) < linoleic acid (33.56%). Arachidic, behenic, lignoceric and myristic acids were all present in small quantities with none of them recording up to 1.0% in either of the samples. Caprylic, capric and lauric acids were determined but not detected in both oils. The fatty acid composition of kernel and pulp oils contained a healthy mixture of all the types of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. The value of polyunsaturated/saturated index (P/S) which is associated to the impact on human health was higher in the pulp oil (2.47). Phosphatidylcholine had the highest content in both oils that is 75.99 and 25.88 mg/100 g, respectively. The total values of phytosterols for kernel and pulp oils were 85.00 and 9.87 mg/100 g, respectively. Conclusion: Balanites aegytiaca kernel and pulp oils have the potential to substitute several materials used in manufacturing oil in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries. However, in order to extend usage, these oils should be refined in order to improve the colour and taste.
... stearic acid (18:0) 3.1-7.4% and palmitic acid (16:0) 9.5-14.5% are the main fatty acids of Pumpkin seed oil [9]. Pumpkin seeds are popular especially in Arabian countries, after salting and roasting [10,11]. Pumpkin seeds contains many valuable functional components such as antioxidants including carotenes which reduces skin damage and acts as an anti-inflammatory agent and vitamin E (Tocopherols) which protects cells from oxidative damage by preventing the oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids in cell membrane [12]. ...
The purpose of this paper was to extract and compare two species of Syrian pumpkin (Cucurbita Maxima, Cucurbita Moschata) seeds, as defatted and as full-fat seeds. The extraction of the seeds was performed by ultrasonic using three different solvents (methanol 80%, ethanol 80% or water). Total phenol content (TPC) was determined by the Folin–Ciocalteu method, total flavonoids content (TFC) by the aluminium chloride colorimetric method, the radical scavenging activity by the chromatic change of DPPH, ABTS and reducing power assay by the reduction of FeIII to FeII in the solution (FRAP). The results showed that the highest yield of extraction were in aqueous extracts for both species at both fat level. While methanol 80% or ethanol 80% was better than water for TPC and TFC in extraction. The highest TPC was found in the methanolic extracts of both C. Maxima and C. Moschata full-fat seeds (16.22 ± 0.03 and 18.66 ± 0.13 mg GaE/g extract, respectively). DPPH, ABTS and FRAP assay results showed that C. Moschata full-fat seed methanolic extracts exhibited a free radical scavenging activity, expressed as IC50, and a reducing power greater than that of C. Maxima full-fat seed methanolic extracts. This may refer to a significant antioxidant capacity of C. Moschata full-fat seeds. Defatting process had significant effect on TPC and radical scavenging activity of DPPH, ABTS and FRAP of the two studied pumpkin species seed. While no significant effect on TFC using ethanol as solvent. Thus, full-fat extract increases the antioxidant capacity of the seeds.
... It was also observed that the oils contained significant amount of unsaturated fatty acids of 76.17% and 62.72% for the kernel and pulp oils of B. aegyptiaca. Elhardallou" [27] "reported that omega-3 and omega-6 essential fatty acids are present in the kernel and pulp oil. [11,28,29]. ...
Aims: This work is aimed at investigating fatty acid, phospholipid and sterol compositions of desert date (Balanites aegyptiaca) kernel and pulp.
Study Design: Balanites aegyptiaca fruit is one of the oldest feed-stocks in Africa which little or no attention has been given to it. It has a medicinal effect in human body system. The plant plays a diverse cultural and traditional role in different societies. Therefore, it is very important to explore more about the chemical composition of the kernel and pulp oils of Balanites aegyptiaca; since it is currently attracting considerable interest as a result of their diverse beneficial properties.
Methodology: The physicochemical parameters, fatty acids, phospholipids and phytosterols of B. aegyptiaca seed and pulp oils have been analyzed and compared with the standards and that of conventional oil for easy assessment of their suitability for nutritional and industrial applications. Results: The results of some physicochemical parameters of kernel and pulp oils were acid value (26.35 and 15.60 mg KOH/g), peroxide value (3.82 and 5.90 meq/kg), saponification value (162.40 and 198.60 mg KOH/g), iodine value (55.20 and 142.50 mg of I/100 g), specific gravity (0.93 and 0.92), kinematic viscosity (2.12 and 1.65 St) and refractive index (1.41 and 1.39), respectively. The most concentrated fatty acids were palmitic acid (14.53%) < linoleic acid (35.65%) < oleic acid (38.27%) for the kernel oil while that of pulp oil were linolenic acid (8.21%) < oleic acid (16.80%) < palmitic acid (32.70%) < linoleic acid (33.56%). Arachidic, behenic, lignoceric and myristic acids were all present in small quantities with none of them recording up to 1.0% in either of the samples. Caprylic, capric acid and lauric acids were determined but not detected in both oils. The fatty acid composition of kernel and pulp oils contained a healthy mixture of all the types of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. The value of polyunsaturated/saturated index (P/S) which is associated to the impact on human health was higher in the pulp oil (2.47). Phosphatidylcholine had the highest content in both oils that is 75.99 mg/100 g and 25.88 mg/100 g, respectively. The total phytosterols for kernel and pulp oils were 85.00 and 9.87 mg/100 g, respectively.
Conclusion: Balanites aegytiaca kernel and pulp oils have the potential to substitute several materials used in manufacturing oil in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries. However, in order to extend usage, these oils should be refined to improve the taste and colour.
... lower serum cholesterol concentration was recorded in 1PS and 1NS-PS compared with 0NS-PS and 1NS. The reason for the reduction was polyunsaturated fat in pumpkin seed specifically omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids (Sirelkhatim and Asha, 2014). Similar research has shown that these essential fatty acids can lower bad cholesterol and prevent cardiovascular disease. ...
A study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of feeding neem (Azadirachta indica) and pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima) seed as natural feed additive for broiler chicks on dry matter intake, mortality, meat quality and blood parameters of broilers. One hundred ninety two day-old Cobb 500 chicks distributed to four treatments with three replications in a completely randomized design. Feed offered and refusals were recorded and Dry matter intake was calculated as the difference between the two on dry matter basis. At the end of the trial, four broilers were randomly picked up from each replication and slaughtered for carcass evaluation and the treatment used were ration that contain only commercial broiler diet (0 kg Neem and pumpkin seed (0NS-PS)), 1kg neem seed on 100kg commercial broiler diet (1NS), 1kg pumpkin seed on 100kg commercial broiler diet (1PS) and 1kg of neem and pumpkin seed combination on 100kg of commercial broiler diet (1NS-PS) stands for Treatment1, Treatment 2, Treatment 3 and Treatment 4 respectively. The average daily dry matter intake during the entire experimental period was 106, 111, 114 and 117 g/ bird for 0NS-PS, 1NS, 1PS and 1NS-PS respectively, and it was significantly higher (p<0.05) for 1NS-PS as compared to 0NS-PS, 1NS and 1PS. The serum cholesterol and white blood cell of broilers in the experimental period were significantly (p<0.05) decreased but total blood protein was significantly (p< 0.05) increased among treatment. Crude protein content of breast and thigh meat was significantly high for 1NS-PS. It is concluded that neem and pumpkin seed can be a good feed additive for broiler production aside its nutritional importance. Key words: Broiler; Feed additive; Hematology; Neem and Pumpkin seed.
Extracts of Balanites aegyptiaca, Khaya senegalensis, Prosopis africana and Vitellaria paradoxa were screened for their phytochemical constituents. Stem barks of the species were also investigated for hepatoprotective effects in Wistar albino rats. Different groups of animals were pre-treated with 100 mg/kg body weight of plant extracts for 10 days and administered with paracetamol (2 g/kg) on the 10th day. The effect of the extracts on serum transaminase and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were measured in the rats. The leaf, stem and root extracts of all the plants except Vitellaria paradoxa showed preponderance of saponin and tannin. Phlobatannin, cardiac glycosides and anthraquinones were observed in concentrations ranging between 10 to 100 mg/kg plant material. Stem bark extracts of the four plants produced significant (P < 0.05) hepatoprotective effects by decreasing the activity of serum enzymes. Values recorded for AST, ALT and ALP were significantly lower compared to those recorded for control rats. A higher inhibition of serum level elevation of ALP was observed with the four extracts. From these results, it was suggested that the extracts could protect the liver cells from paracetamolinduced liver damages perhaps by eliminating the deleterious effects of toxic metabolites from the drug.
This study deals with the analyses of the quantity of moisture, crude proteins, total lipids, carbohydrates, ash, crude fibre and calcium. These analyses were carried out in five different species of egusi seeds, which belong to the Cucurbitaceae family. These seeds are: Cucumeropsis mannii (egusi melon), Cucurbita maxima (pumpkin or squash gourd), Cucurbita moschata (musk melon), Lagenaria siceraria (bottle gourd or calabash) and Cucumis sativus (“Ibo” egusi).
The moisture content was determined by drying in an oven to constant weight, crude protein content by Kjedahl method. Total lipids by Soxhlet, ash content by incinerating in a furnace and carbohydrates by the Bertrand's method. The crude fibre content was the residue obtained after sequential hot digestion of the defatted sample with dilute acid and alkaline solutions. The calcium content was determined by the complexiometric method.
From this study, it was noticed that the moisture levels (4.33 - 7.25% f.w) were similar to those of other oilseeds such as soybean and the fluted pumpkin seed. These egusi samples contained good levels of crude proteins (24.3 - 41.6% d.w), total lipids (42.9 - 57.3% d.w) and calcium (129.7 - 269.7 mg/100 g d.w). Their levels of crude proteins were similar to those of soybean and the fluted pumpkin but higher than that of groundnut (23% d.w), while the total lipid contents were similar to those of groundnut and the fluted pumpkin seed but higher than that of soybean (19.1% d.w). The carbohydrate contents of these seeds (4.56 – 10.2% d.w) are lower than those of groundnut (18.6% d.w) and the fluted pumpkin seed (14.5% d.w). The crude fibre levels (0.9 – 1.63% d.w) were lower than those of soybean (5.71% d.w) and groundnuts (5.15% d.w). The ash contents of these seeds (2.82 - 5.0% d.w) were similar to those of groundnuts (2.79% d.w), soybean (5.06% d.w) and the fluted pumpkin seed (3.4% d.w). Calcium levels compared well with that of soybean, higher than that of groundnut (49 mg/100 g d.w) and even higher than that of the fluted pumpkin seed (1.1 mg/100 g d.w).
These egusi seeds can therefore be considered as an important source of plant proteins, lipids and calcium, which could be used in the fight against malnutrition.
The genus Balanites is completely revised. Nine species and 11 infraspecific taxa are recognised with revised synonymy. One subspecies (B. maughamii subsp. acuta) and two varieties (B. wilsoniana var. glabripetala and B. rotundifolia var. setulifera) are described for the first time. The status of all Balanites taxa is discussed and four species are reduced in rank: B. welwitschii (Tiegh.) Exell & Mendonça to subspecies and B. mayumbensis Exell, B. scillin Chiov. and B. tomentosa Mildbr. & Schltr. to variety. Fuller justification is given for the earlier (Sands 1983) reduction of B. orbicularis Sprague to synonymy and B. somalensis Mildbr. & Schltr. to subspecific rank, as well as for the new variety of B. aegyptiaca, var. pallida Sands. A distinctive but sterile specimen from Ethiopia is described under the provisional name, 'Omo Valley'. Scale leaves, the foliole of foliage leaves, spine form and branching, bud and inflorescence position, elongation in early fruit development and the distance between spines and their subtending leaf (supra-axillary interval) are all defined as new and useful diagnostic characters. Two species, B. glabra Mildbr. & Schltr. and B. rotundifolia (Tiegh.) Blatt., are found to have 4-merous flowers in a genus previously thought to be consistently 5-merous. Multi-access keys to the species and to the varieties of B. aegyptiaca (L.) Delile are presented, and an additional key to vegetative material is provided. Scientific names, collections examined and vernacular names are indexed.
Aromatic and medicinal plants are widespread throughout world. Essential oils obtained from different aromatic and medicinal plants parts have been shown antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral and antioxidant properties. The experiment was started in season 2010-2011. In this study we studied the chemical compositions of essential oils of Lavandula officinalis and Melissa officinalis and also tested antibacterial and anticandidal activities of essential oils. The essential oils of Lavandula officinalis and Melissa officinalis collected in Iran were obtained by hydrodistillation of the aerial parts and analysed by gas chromatography equipped with flame ionisation detector (GC-FID) and gas chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometry system (GC/MS) for their chemical composition. The main constituents of leave oils were cc-pinene, Camphor, Menthol, 1,8- Cineole, β-pinene, linalool, thymol and carvacrol. This experiment indicated that the bacterial strains were sensitive to studied essential oils and also showed very effective bactericidal activity with the strongest inhibition zone. Among the eight of tested essential oil components, thymol, carvacrol and menthol showed the highest antibacterial activities than previous components and streptomycin while, β-Binene and linalool showed lower antibacterial activity than streptomycin (p = 0.05). Essential oils of Lavandula officinalis and Melissa officinalis possess great antibacterial potential and could be used as natural preservatives and fungicides.
The nutritive value and biological activity of pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata) seeds cultivated in Egypt were evaluated. Chemical analysis of fiber, protein, ash, carbohydrates, and fatty acids present in the non irradiated and irradiated seeds was conducted. The results show that the values for the indices are within recommended levels for edible oils. Seeds were found to be rich in oil (44.45±2.83 %). The oil contains an appreciable amount of unsaturated fatty acids (71.10±4.32 %) and found to be a rich source of linoleic acid (52.64±0.90 %).Gamma irradiation of pumpkin increased significantly (P<0.05) the yield of free fatty acid, acid value and peroxide value of extracts. Results showed decreases in the iodine value after irradiation at doses up to 10kGy. The antimicrobial effect of irradiated and unirradiated pumpkin oil seeds was studied. Gamma radiation up to 10kGys don't affect on the antimicrobial activity of pumpkin oil. Three different proteins were extracted from the pumpkin rinds, seeds, and pulp. All the extracted proteins were screened for their antimicrobial activity against the tested microbial isolates. The total protein and antimicrobial effect of all extractions were decreased at gamma irradiation doses used. [A. B. Abd EI-Aziz and H.H. Abd EI-Kalek. Antimicrobial proteins and oil seeds from pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata). Nature and Science 2011;9 (3):105-119]. (ISSN: 1545-0740). http://www.sciencepub.net.