Between Somaliland and Puntland: Marginalization, Militarization and conflicting political Visions

Abstract

Between Somaliland and Puntland analyses the political evolution of the Republic of Somaliland (created in 1991), and the federalist Puntland State of Somalia (established in 1998). Based on extensive ethnographic research, it describes the efforts by those living in between the two polities to create their own autonomously governed states. Markus Hoehne provides an account of the political history of the region, the actors, the grievances and the aspirations that lie behind their competing political visions. It is here, he argues, that “the future political order of the Somali states will take shape”.

Full text

Between Somaliland
and Puntland
Marginalization, militarization
and conflicting political visions

MARKUS VIRGIL HOEHNE




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

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

Between Somaliland and Puntland
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
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
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Baardheere
Ceel Waaq
Luuq
Buula XaawaWaajid
Qoryooley
Afgooye
Buurxakaba
Diinsor
Wanlaweyn
Balcad
Ceel dheer
Xarardheere
Ceel Barde
Eyl
Garacad
Burtinle
Qardho
Sheekh
Buula XaawaBandarbayle
Berbera
Caluula
Qandala Bargaal
Iskushuban
Saylac
Lughaya Xaafuun
Laasqorey
Badhan
Gabiley Mandheera
Buuhoodle
Widhwidh
Xudun Taleex
Gar’adag
Ceel Afweyn
Maydh
Xiis
Ferfer
Oodweyne
Tog Wajaale
Caynabo
Caabudwaaq
Cadaado
Baki
Kismaayo
Bu’aale
Garbahaarrey Jawhar
Dhuusamarreeb
Bosaaso
Laascaanood
Burco
Ceerigaabo
Gaalkacayo
Baydhabo
Xuddur
Marka
Beledweyne
Boorame
Mogadishu
(Muqdisho)
Djibouti
Hargeysa
Garoowe
DJIBOUTI
P
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l
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SOMALIA
Somaliland
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International
boundary
Disputed boundary
National capital
Capital
Chief town
Other town or village
Road
Selected river
Lake
l
B
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N
MAPgrax 2015
© Rift Va lley Institute 2015
Boundaries and names shown do not imply
endorsement by the RVI or any other body
www.riftvalley.net
Boundaries are approximate
O
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Somalia

 
  
  
  
  
  
 Sonderweg 

  
  
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 















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
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   





 
       
    



 
         

 


      


        






Soomaalidu waxay tiraahdaa: Garaad waa nin rag
yaqaan, rabi yaqaan iyo run yaqaan.Garaad Cabdulaahi garaad run ah buu ahaa




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
ع
ح
      







      
 


          
     

   
magac dheer
    







        
      
      


 


  


 
      



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       
 
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     
 
   
 






         

 
   



    




 
Formation in Northern Somalia


 

       
 


   
       
     
      




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
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        
     
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     
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          
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


       

  

  
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   

        
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        
     
 
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diid     
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 kacan
     
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
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   
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      
    
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 
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       
       
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

 



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




2



Guban
Golis
   Oogo   
Hawd
       
guxagaa
   dayr    
  jilaal     

        






    
          
 




 
       
        





   
    
      
     




   


      
Hawd
3


   

       




 
The Shaping of Somali Society. Reconstructing the History of a Pastoral People,


  





4

      

5


      

6

       


      
      
        
         
        


 Becoming Somaliland
Consider Somaliland: State-Building with Traditional Leaders and Institutions

 maamul goboleed



 


 
    waqooyi  
   
koonfur
   

    

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      
waqooyikoonfur
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   
     
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 
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  

    
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

Hawd


      

        
     



    



     
   
 
  
     
       
 
The Invention of Somalia

  


tol



      
 





      
        
      

       






 

 A Pastoral Democracy: A Study of Pastoralism and Politics among the Northern
Somali of the Horn of Africa
 




 
Main descent groups in northern Somalia
   


 



Harti
Majeerteen
Dhulbahante
Warsangeli
Dashiishe
Liibaan Geshe
Kaskiqabe
Tinle
Geesaguule
Habar Awal
Habar Jeclo
Garxajis
Habar Yoonis Ciidagale
Arab
Ayuub
Ogaden Marreexaan
Ciise Gadabuursi
Samaale
Irir
Dir Darood
Isaaq
y
Clan-family

  
      

     
          


      



        
 

     
    


       

 





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


 
Journal of Modern African Studies
Refuge
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 al-Muqaddimah

 
   

nasab 
casabiya 




 



      

         

   tariqa      
      

       
     


     

     
       
    
 Outline of a Theory of Practice

 Africa 

 A Pastoral Democracy

  






degaan 


   




       
      


  

      






 
          
       
      
 
Social Identities

 
      


    




     








       



        


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

        
        





  

      
   
    
   


         


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
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

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Boorame
Hargeysa
WOQOOYI GALBEED
Somal
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Sheekh
Saylac
Lughaya
Gabiley
Mandheera
Oodweyne
Tog Wajaale
Baki
Burco
Berbera
Boorame
Djibouti
Hargeysa
TOGDHEER
SAAXIL
WOQOOYI GALBEED
AWDAL
DJIBOUTI
ETHIOPIA
Somal
YEMEN
N
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International
boundary
Disputed boundary
Somalia region
Disputed area
Capital
Chief town
Other town or village
Road
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Soma
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Capita
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Caabudwaaq
Cadaado
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Xaafuun
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Garacad
Burtinle
Eyl
Bandarbayle
Caluula
Qandala Bargaal
Xaafuun
Laasqorey
Badhan
Galgala
Buuhoodle
Widhwidh
Xudun
Tukaraq
Taleex
Gar’adag
Ceel Afweyn
Maydh
Caynabo
Caabudwaaq
Cadaado
Hadaaftimo
Buraan
Qardho
Iskushuban
Bosaaso
Laascaanood
Gaalkacayo
Ceerigaabo
Garoowe
GALGUDUUD
MUDUG
NUGAAL
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SANAAG
SOOL
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SOMALIA
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MAPgrax 2015
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MAP
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


          
      

  

  


        


   
     





 
Borders and Borderlands as Resources in the Horn of Africa

 




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



22      
      




          
      

23    
berkedo

   
Berkedo   



 
 


 
     
  

dhaba dheer


   

      
    



         
       
     

tolxeer
      
       xidhidh  

qabyaalad
   24  


         
       
 tol—

xeerqabyaalad



The Somali Challenge: From Catastrophe to Renewal

International Journal of African Historical Studies

  
 25  

        
  
 



          
    26  


27 

   degaan 
      
     


       
degaan
       
  




 
Blood and Bone: The
Call of Kinship in Somali Society
 Modern HistoryClan Cleansing in Somalia: The Ruinous

 Famine Crimes: Politics and the Disaster Relief Industry in Africa


 
       
    
      
       

      
    
       




       
DAROOD/
HARTI
Hargeysa
INDIAN
OCEAN
G
u
l
f
o
f
A
d
e
n
Hargeysa
Garoowe
Ciise
Majeerteen
Majeerteen
Habar Awal
Habar Yoonis
Habar Yoonis
Habar Jeclo
Warsangeli
Gadabuursi
Ciidagale
Dhulbahante
DIR
HAWIYE
ISAAQDAROOD/
HARTI
Harge
Harg
Harg
y
ysa
y
e
y
y
eysa
Habar Yoon
i
Ciidagale
eerteen
N
MAPgrax 2015
MA
P
gra
x
P
gra

20
15
0 200km
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Clan-family
Clan
International boundary
Disputed boundary
Capital
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DIR
Ciise
 Clan areas in northern Somalia

  
 




      

        









28
        
      

      


ina adeer



      
xeer

 

 


Waa isku degaan; waa isku dhaqan;
waanu is dhalnay
29
        


        
     



           



      






      
         
 

 
Boundaries and Belonging:
States and Societies in the Struggle to Shape Identities and Local Practices

 

  
32
      

  


     
   


33
    

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
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         
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 
34
 Journal
of World History
 International Review of
the Red Cross

 


 
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     
         
35

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         
    
      
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  36 
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



    
        
      
        




 A Modern History of the Somali
 

Review
of African Political Economy

  
37





    
 




      


        
    
      

 



      

        
     


      
 
Hot Spot Horn of Africa Revisited


 
    
     
   

        


      





  

          


       






      

 38 

     
       Hawd 
      
 Human Rights Challenges: Somaliland Facing Elections

  
         
        








   


39





 What if Pandora’s Box is empty? Rethinking uti possidetis
and Territorial Order



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



      
   
    


        
      
       
      
      

  










 Peace in Somaliland. An Indigenous Approach
to State Building
 Horn of Africa


  
      
       


       faqash
       




    


       
        
       
      

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        
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     
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      
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      
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45
     
     

     
    
 Somaliland: The Anatomy of Secession

Rebuilding Somaliland: Issues and Possibilities

 
Somaliland: Zwei Jahre nach der
Unabhängigkeitserklärung
 Becoming Somaliland

  
       
   46    




 


     
   
     
      


47



     


48



 




 Politique Africaine

 garaad

 





fait accompli






   
     
     



49
     
        





      
        
      
shir
 Consider Somaliland
 


  
shir weyne      
      
      
     
       
Golaha Guurtida
GuurtiGolaha Wakiilada
    

   
        
        


   


      
     


       
      
   
shir



      


       
  Becoming Somaliland

 

   
      

        
      
        




      

   
     





      
killinka shanaad


shir
52
    Guurti
  
     
    
  53       
 ConsiderSomaliland
  Becoming Somaliland

  
Garaad  
 54    garaad    
         
      
garaad,



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         

      
           
          
      
     
         

        
        
wakhtiga buurburka
      
         
58
  
 


 International Society and the De Facto State
 



  
    59 











         
      
  




    


        
        

 
Review of African Political Economy

  Becoming Somalilandde facto
Regional Security in the Post-Cold War
Horn of Africa
 

 
      
    Garaad suldaan ugaas  boqor  
cuqaalcaqil
oodayaalooday

   


62

  


         

  

63
  

     
     
      



 
,State Recognition and Democratisation in Sub-Saharan Africa: A New
Dawn for Traditional Authorities? 

 
International Migration
Africa’s Finances:
The Contribution of Remittances 


  


       

    

64

  
   

      
     

 

  

boqor 

shir

     
   
65
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







Northeast African Studies


























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 
   
       

       
66
     
      khusuusi 
         
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
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    
68
      
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69
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 
 waqooyi

koonfur


  
   shir     
        
       



    

khusuusi 

 


      

       

        
   
       


       

   shir   




 



  Becoming Somaliland

 

     

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

72

 
Hartinimo
Hartinimo 
   73     

Hartinimo
        



     

     
      
       

       


 Review of
African Political Economy
 



  
74

 

shir
      
      

75

      geesi 

    

       





76



      

 Consider Somaliland
 

Rebuilding Somalia:
Issues and Possibilities for Puntland

 


 
  
    

77


         
    






78


    


   


 


Rebuilding Somalia: Issues and Possibilities for Puntland


 


Borders and borderlands as Resources in the Horn of Africa


  
79
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      






     
       
     
 
           
ina adeer


      




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 dawlad
maamul
Somaliland waa maamul, dawlad ma ah
maamul
goboleed
 


  


  



        


 
 Lixdan jirka Dhulbahante iyo labaatan jirka Isaaq ku ma heshin
karaan Caynabo      

degaan
   





 

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



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
83
 
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
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


      
       
      
shir      
  
   

 
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      

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   
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
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

  

        
        

       

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 
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
      
   
         
     

     


      
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 qaad 

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
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  
         
      
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      
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       
        
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  
        
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     
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


      
      


      

 
Africa Spectrum

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
87
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 
       

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88

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     

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
  
          
     


      

89

 

      
 
Journal of Modern African Studies
 

cuqaal

 


  
      






      



Harti
Shirshoore
Aadan Cali Geri
Axmed
Nuur
Faarax Reer HagarAadan SamakaabMaxamuud
Wacays
Ugaadhyahan
Siyaad Maxamed
(Baharasame)
Guuleed
(Barkad) Axmed Yasiin
UgaasGaraad
Maxamuud Faarax
Darood
Siciid (Dhulbahante)
Naaleeye
y
Clan-family
Clan
Sub-clan
Lineage
Mentioned
in text


 



      
      




       

 
       

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    
      
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


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
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

  
      
92
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      
93
     
     
       
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94
      
     

Geed baa yidhi:
gudin yahay i maad goyseen ee badhkay ayaa kugu jira






      
  95
 
 

 
 



 
96
      
97

98
   


      
isimocuqaal



  
99
shir
    
    
isimogaraad
     

      


 
 

 
 




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  


 




 

 clan borders


 
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 



 

 


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 
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      
 
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       
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
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      

       


       
  
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      
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          
         
 



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


   





    
       




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
       
    

 




      


      
 
New Left Review

  
 Ciidanka Daraawiishta

    




 



      
       






      
        
 
      

Ciidanka Daraawiishta








Somalia?

 


     

  
   


  
    










     

   



Hartinimo
       
     

 




  
         
     

  




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


        
  

         
   

  


      
      


khusuusi


       




      
   Daraawiish   
Daraawiish

  
     
Daraawiish   



          
         

       


      
     
Dhulbahante waa fudayd
          
    

        
      
        

   

 shir      


        
 


Africa




     
      
     
  
        


shirHaggaanka
Mideynta iyo Badbaadinta Gobolada SSC ee Soomaalia
 








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
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

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
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

  
       
      
      
maamul goboleed




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       
        
   

        
      
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       





 





        

   
qaybta fulintakhusuusi
 


 khusuusi
















before




  
 isimadda       
     
    
    
 
khusuusi

  







      
 garaado 

 isimadda

saladiinGuurti

No Easy Way
Out
 



 

 
garaad






 


 


 

       

      
    

      
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Widhwidh
Qardho
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Horufadhi
Guumays
Yagoori
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Buuhoodle
Dharkayngeenyo
Widhwidh
Xudun
Taleex
Tukaraq
Boocame
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Ceel Afweyn
Caynabo
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Saaxdheer
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© Rift Valley Institute 2015
Boundaries and names shown do not imply
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early 2011 (approximate)
Disputed area
International boundary
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  
     


        

    








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     

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      
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     
       
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
   
deris wanaag


  






    
         
        



     

Hartinimo     



       

   
   
        





 
 

 
  

 

   


       

      
    
   
    
     
      

    
      
      








     
      
      

 

  
 


  

      

      
    Hawd  



       
      


       
Hawd 

      
 





      









      

 

      
    
     

Hawd
      
      



Hawd

         





   

 
    
    
 
 
 







 

  


      

     



      



          




         

   
      siyaasi 
siyaasiin

 

       




 
 
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 

  





       

berked



   balli    
 
  berkedo    





      


      

    

      

 



  
   Hawd    

           
  








Hawd



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
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      
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         
   
       
Shari‘a
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


        

        
 mag
mag
mag



Journal of Eastern African Studies

  

   
    
  



        




  

     
Hawd
   






 
 
 



 


 






      



      
      




     
 


    
       
        
gogosha nabadeed
     
      
        
 
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      
        
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     
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  
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     
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     

baa la haystaa

 
waa nala haystaa


 

       




      

      
 
      


  

 








      
 
 Journal
of Eastern African Studies


  






     


         

      

      
      
    



        






      
           
       
          

           
    

 

 khaatumo 
khaatim       



  


      
       


     


   
cuqaal  isimo







   

shir
  


 shir



Guddiga
Lixda
Guddiga Sagaalka
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 



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







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

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

        

   

       



      
     
     


isimadda
isimogaraado saladiin
ugaasyo
     
     
      


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     
      
 

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      
      
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        
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      
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  
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        
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   
     

       



     isim





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

  
      
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  

        
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
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
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

      
      


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

   


        




  
     

     

         


    
 
    


      





       


 

  


       
         

      


     


     


      
       
  




       


      




 




 



        

         
        
      

 
       

    
         
        
 

       
   



Hawd

 Hawd      
       
 Hawd


      
       



  

Hawd


     
Hawd    
      
   





       





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  
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        
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      
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       
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         
   
   



 


  
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



     


  


    



       
      
     
   

          

 Xaqsoor
      
 
xasuuq

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        
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


shir
    


    
   

   




        

     
        

   




     




      
 
Somalia: Puntland’s Punted Polls

 
        




       


          


      


       
        

   





        
  

    



 

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


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

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   

     


    




  

     
     

       


      



       
       
 caaqil
 

 
        
    

     

  



        

  shir







       

 





Hawd

 Sidee bay suurto gal kuugu noqonaysaa in uu wadahadal idin dhexmaro nin
gurigaagii haysta oo carruurtaadii iyo xaaskaagiiba qaxiyay

 


  


    


     
      
       



       


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
     
    

   






   
  
 


 


 



       


       
      


       
    
      


        
      Hawd   

        
   







Sonderweg





   







   

      



 




  
 

Review of African Political Economy

 
       
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    
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
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
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


    



     
    


      
           


 






 

 







Cali Dable
Harti
NuuxMaxamuud
Maxamuud (Moorasante)
Ciise
Cabdalle
Maxamuud
(Reer Garaad)
Cusmaan Samatar Ciise Ibraahim IdrisAxmed
Bah Majeerteen Bah Idoor Bah Ugayslabe
AadanCali
WarmaekeWarlabe
Ibraahim
Cumar
Yuusuf (Dubays)
Reer Gurxan
Faatax
(Reer Faatax)
Warsangeli
Darood y
Clan-family
Clan
Sub-clan
Lineage
Mentioned
in text

 
         
       
   

   



     
     


   


 



     
        

    
   


      


 
 



 

 

        
suldaan




         
       
        
degaan
         
      
   
  
  
    
    
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
  
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      
       

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 
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








 
 

 

 


     
      
     




     

            




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G
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Qardho
Laasqorey
Badhan
Ceel Afweyn
Galgala
Ceelaayo
W
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Bosaaso
Ceerigaabo
Somaliland
P
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Ceerigaab
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MAPgrax 2015
© Rift Valley Institute 2015
Boundaries and names shown do not imply
endorsement by the RVI or any other body
www.riftvalley.net 0 100km
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Clan
Disputed boundary
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Att
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        
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




        
   
       
   


     




    
      

 

Journal of Eastern African Studies

 

 


 

 




Ciidanka Macadeeynta
  Ciidanka Daraawiishta 

     

       
         
  


      
        
        
       




 





 


 

 
 A Pastoral Democrac

 

some


      
    
       
    

     

      






 
     
 
     

       
      
  
 


the Construction of Identity
 

 
 

 

 
       

     
      


      
        




   
        

         
       

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
        
     
      

       
       

 

 

 
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       
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
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
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
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         
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
     
  

  
        



suldaan
        


   Daraawiishta 

Gaarhaye,
       
   


 

 

 


suldaan 
       
boqor






       
         










 


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

 
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 

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       
      
        

    

      
  
       
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      
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








 

 
         
 
   
 




   






         


       
      
       
         


     
          



Livelihoods, development and the Somali diaspora




 
      
 





     

     

         



       

    


 

    
      
   
     
      







 

 

      
    

        



        




         
         




Ciidanka Daraawiishta
    Ciidanka
Daraawiishta


      

       



 
 
 

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
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



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
Militant Leadership Monitor




 
    
     
   
        
        

     


   


         
        

   




   
    
    
 


 
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
 


 

 
      


       
  
         
      
     




Ciidanka Daraawiishta

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      
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222
 
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 
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


223
         
  

       
224
     
 caaqil     
      
225


 
226

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
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      

      
       

 

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
 



 

 
  227  

     
228

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
           



       
  



     

     
        


 



     
   
mujahiid
       




 
    Ciidanka
Daraawiishta
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 
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 
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 
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 
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 

 
 

 

229
    






 

 



      232


  

       


        


233
  
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234

235


236
 
Terrorism Monitor
 


 

 



 
      
  
        
237    
     
238








239
       
     
      degaan



      



 

 

 


 

 

 





242

       


     
   
        
243        
        
244

     
 
        
  
  245  


 degaan

 




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 
     


   246


247


    

    
        
     

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




       
      

       



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


 

 
    


      
      



249



      

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      
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    
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degaan

 
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  
       
       
       
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 
      
253
       
          

        


      
       


 
 

Anthropology Today
 



 

 


  


     
254
     




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



        
      

255
     

         

       

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  
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  

   

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



       

 
      

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
        
 
   
  
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  
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         
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  
       
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258 
 

 Somalia: Puntland’s Punted Polls

 
    
       




 

259
      garaado
saladiincuqaal odayaal     
      

siyasiin    
           


      


  

        






 


  

        
  
       

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     

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
      

       
      
       
    
       
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 


       



   
      
       

      

  wakhtiga buurburka 
     




     
  
Gaarhaye

        

           

      








  
       



       

     262  
    
  263     
     

 
        







   


       



The Formation
of Nation States in Western Europe





 
 

      




      

     

    


  


      






  
        
       


     

 

  
        
  








       
   



Seek to avoid military confrontations.     

  
      


Negotiate with legitimate representatives.
   
        

        
  isimo.

Guurti
saladiincuqaal
Moderate and achievable aims.





  
Tackle the question of the political future of the region through a
transparent process. 

       



264

Isolate extremists through non-violent strategies.  
       

       





Address resource exploitation in a new and fair way.  
        
        
   
    
  
       
     


      



 


Develop a non-violent approach that addresses structural problems.
    



    









 



 


 
 

 



 



 

 


 

 


 

 



 
 


 

 


 

 


 

 

 
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 

 

 

 


 

 

 



  
 

 
 


 


 
 
 

 
 

 


 
Ciidanka
Daraawiishta
 

 
 

 

 


 

 




adeer 
balli 
berkedberkedo 
boqorboqoro 

caaqilcuqaal  magdiya
casabiya 
Ciidanka Daraawiishta 
Ciidanka Macadeeynta 
cuqaal  
dayr 
degaan 
deris wanaag 
garaadgaraado 
geesi 
gogosha nabadeed 
Golaha Guurtida Guurti
Golaha Wakiilada 
golis 
gu 
guban 
Guurti Golaha Guurtida
Hartinimo 
Hawd 


ina adeer 
isimisimo 
jilaal 
khusuusi 
killinka shanaad 
maamul goboleed 

  
magdiya 
mujahiid 
nabadgeeliyo iyo degenaansho  
nasab 
oodayoodayaal 
oogo 
qaad, qat 

qaybta fulinta 
reer bari 
sheekh 
shir 
siyaasi 
suldaansaladiin 
taliyaha nabad sugida 
tariqa 
tol 
ugaasugaasyo 
urur siyasadeed 
wadaadwadaado  
wakhtiga buurburka 
xagaa 
xeer 
xidhidh 



 
 
 
 
 

 Guddiga Sagaalka
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 










Somalia: A Government at War with its Own People: Testimonies about









New Left Review


Journal of Eastern African Studies

Journal of Eastern African Studies


Review of African Political Economy
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U dhashay—Ku dhashay
Social Identities: Journal for the Study of Race, Nation and
Culture




 
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Journal of World History









Outline of a Theory of Practice

Becoming Somaliland
Somaliland: Zwei Jahre nach der Unabhängigkeitserklärung

Theory and Society
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Review
of African Political Economy
The Shaping of Somali Society. Reconstructing the History of

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
Refuge
PolitiqueAfricaine
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Famine Crimes: Politics and the Disaster Relief Industry in Africa

Somaliland: The Anatomy of Secession
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
Rebuilding Somalia: Issues and Possibilities for Puntland


Borders and Borderlands as

  
Resources in the Horn of Africa
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WorldPolitics




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
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
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
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

International Migration 

Review of African Political Economy











Journal of Modern African Studies


State Recognition
and Democratisation in Sub-Saharan Africa: A New Dawn for Traditional
Authorities

 




Africa Spectrum




Africa




Borders and Borderlands as Resources in the Horn of Africa





de facto
Regional Security in the Post-Cold War Horn of Africa




Journal of
Eastern African Studies

Review of African Political Economy



Somaliland’s Investment in Peace: Analysing
the Diaspora’s Economic Engagement in Peace Building



  




Africa
Africa




Africa


Terrorism Monitor



Rebuilding Somaliland: Issues and Possibilities








International Journal of African
Historical Studies



Anthropology
Today
al-Muqaddimah

 
A Pastoral Democracy: A Study of Pastoralism and Politics among the
Northern Somali of the Horn of Africa

A Modern History of the Somali
Africa

Livelihoods, development and the Somali diaspora


The Invention
of Somalia


Journal of Eastern African Studies

Militant Leadership Monitor





Africa’s Finances: The
Contribution of Remittances




Boundaries
and Belonging: States and Societies in the Struggle to Shape Identities and Local
Practices







  




International Society and the De Facto State

Horn of
Africa
Consider Somaliland: State-Building with Traditional Leaders
and Institutions

Journal of Modern African Studies 
The Somali Challenge: From
Catastrophe to Renewal

NortheastAfricanStudies
Integration durch Verschiedenheit. Lokale und
globale Formeninterkultureller Kommunikation





 Journal of Eastern African Studies













 









Hot Spot Horn of Africa Revisited: Approaches to Make Sense of


International
Review of the Red Cross



The Formation
of Nation States in Western Europe

Population Statistics of Somalia
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
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
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



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  
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
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
Power and Interest News Report



Rebuilding Somalia: Issues and Possibilities for
Puntland




The Kaa Kingi Enclave





RVI books and reports are free to download from www.rivalley.net. Printed copies are
available from Amazon and other online retailers, and from selected bookstores.
When Boundaries Become
Borders






A safe haven for Somalis in
Uganda?





The Sudan Handbook






Les Banyamulenge: Insurrecon
et exclusion dans les
montagnes du Sud-Kivu




Also available in English.


 

     
    
  


is also available in English.

     
    

  

 is also
available in English.
Talking Peace in the Ogaden:
The search for an end to conict
in the Somali Regional State in
Ethiopia





‘A valuable contribution to the study of borderlands and state
formation. It will be of great interest to students, scholars,
policymakers and donors.’
— Redie Bereketeab, Nordic Africa Institute, Uppsala
‘An ethnographic study of two Somali clans with in-depth analyses
of the competing narratives that different community leaders
advance. The book will generate a lively debate.
Those interested in Somali studies, regardless of the school
of thought they subscribe to, must read it.’
—Afyare Elmi, Qatar University
Between Somaliland and Puntland







