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Abnormal Psychology: An Integrative Approach

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Balancing biological, psychological, social, and cultural approaches, the Fourth Canadian Edition of Abnormal Psychology?s groundbreaking integrative approach is the most modern, scientifically valid method for studying abnormal psychology. The author team?now including Dr. Martin Lalumière?continues to blend sophisticated research and an accessible writing style with the most widely recognized method of discussing psychopathology. Going beyond simply describing different schools of thought on psychological disorders, the authors explore the interactions of the various forces that contribute to psychopathology. A conversational writing style, consistent pedagogical elements, integrated case studies, and superior coverage of the DSM-5 (with insights from author David Barlow, an Advisor to the DSM-5 task force) help lead students to an unparalleled appreciation for the current state of what is a multidimensional and compelling clinical science.
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... Anxiety, an emotion characterized by tension, worrisome thoughts, and physical changes, plays a significant role in creative processes. Barlow and Durand (2015) define anxiety as "a negative mood state characterized by symptoms of physical tension and apprehension about the future" (p. 123). ...
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Social anxiety is currently considered a public health crisis, largely affecting several adolescents and young adults. The situation has caused worldwide concern due to the mental health of these individuals. The objective of this study is to establish the psychometric evidence of the Social Anxiety Scale in Peruvian university students. The type of study is instrumental and non-experimental. The subjects were 517 university students between the ages of 18 and 38 who participated in total (M = 20.7; SD = 2.50). The instrument used was the Marc Leary Social Anxiety Scale. The results are based on the statistical analysis of each item, through item-by-item testing and item-to-scale correlation, identifying values higher than .20. An analysis model was formed called the Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), whose original dimensional model was carried out, finding inadequate fit indices, three items with low factorial weight, and correlated errors. A new CFA was conducted without these items and correlated errors, obtaining optimal fit indices for the new structure (χ²/gl = 2.48; CFI = .945; TLI = .939; RMSEA = .054). Regarding reliability, it was estimated with the omega coefficient (ω = .949). Lastly, scales and cut-off points were developed according to the sex of the subjects. In conclusion, the structure of the test was composed of 26 items, with two items, 24 and 28, being eliminated, making the test reliable for use based on its values.
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الأهلية في علم أصول الفقه هي عبارةٌ عن مراحل التكامل الإنساني عقلاً وجسداً، ولها تداخل كبير في موضوع الأمراض النفسية، بحيث من الأمراض النفسية ما يغيب العقل والتمييز فيكون سبباً لرفع التكليف وانعدام الأهلية. ومنها ما يؤثر على العقل من وجهٍ فيختل في جانبٍ من جوانب تفكيره مثلاً، بينما تظل بقية الجوانب غير متأثرةٍ أو على الأقل لا يظهر عليها الاختلال. ومن هذا المنطلق، تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى معرفة نظرية الأهلية عند الأصوليين وبيان حقيقة الأمراض النفسية في علم النفس، وذلك من أجل تحليل العلاقة بينهما وكيفية توظيف نظرية الأهلية لمعرفة حكم تكليف المرضى النفسيين. اعتمادا على منهجي الاستقرائي والتحليلي، تظهر الدراسة العلاقة المترابطة بين نظرية الأهلية والأمراض النفسية. نظرا لاختلاف أنواع الأمراض، لا يجوز التعميم بأن جميع المرضى النفسيين غير مكلفين وغير محاسبين في كل أفعالهم، كما أنه لا يمكن الحكم عليهم بحكم مطلق لأن الأمراض تتفاوت وتختلف في درجة شدتها، فيحكم له بالتكليف حال تعقله وإدراكه، ويسقط عنه التكليف حال طروء العلة به، كما أنه قد تختلف أثر الأمراض على جوانب التكليف، فهذا يقتضي الرجوع إلى نظرية الأهلية في أصول الفقه. في حين أن التباين والاختلاف في المفاهيم الفقهية المتعلقة بالأمور التي تؤثر على عقلية الفرد وبالتالي أهليته، يستلزم مراجعتها مستندا إلى النتائج المعاصرة في علم النفس، حيث أن هناك بعض الاضطرابات المتشابهة والصالحة التي يمكن إدراجها في حالات الجنون، والعته، والإغماء
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