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Abnormal Psychology: An Integrative Approach
Abstract
Balancing biological, psychological, social, and cultural approaches, the Fourth Canadian Edition of Abnormal Psychology?s groundbreaking integrative approach is the most modern, scientifically valid method for studying abnormal psychology. The author team?now including Dr. Martin Lalumière?continues to blend sophisticated research and an accessible writing style with the most widely recognized method of discussing psychopathology. Going beyond simply describing different schools of thought on psychological disorders, the authors explore the interactions of the various forces that contribute to psychopathology. A conversational writing style, consistent pedagogical elements, integrated case studies, and superior coverage of the DSM-5 (with insights from author David Barlow, an Advisor to the DSM-5 task force) help lead students to an unparalleled appreciation for the current state of what is a multidimensional and compelling clinical science.
... Various treatments and interventions have been used to improve the marital life of individuals, but identifying the best type of treatment should be a focus to achieve more effective results. Due to the shortcomings of cognitivebehavioral approaches, experts have proposed Unified Transdiagnostic Treatment (UTT) with an integrative approach, using a unified therapeutic protocol (Barlow et al., 2018;Barlow et al., 2010). Among the presented protocols in the field of integrative treatment, Barlow's Unified Protocol (UP) is more applicable for treating emotional disorders and emotional divorce (Barlow et al., 2018;Barlow et al., 2010). ...
... Due to the shortcomings of cognitivebehavioral approaches, experts have proposed Unified Transdiagnostic Treatment (UTT) with an integrative approach, using a unified therapeutic protocol (Barlow et al., 2018;Barlow et al., 2010). Among the presented protocols in the field of integrative treatment, Barlow's Unified Protocol (UP) is more applicable for treating emotional disorders and emotional divorce (Barlow et al., 2018;Barlow et al., 2010). This approach is a form of transdiagnostic cognitive-behavioral therapy focused on emotions, specifically designed to treat emotional and mood disorders. ...
Objective: The objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of Mentalization-Based Therapy (MBT) and Unified Transdiagnostic Treatment (UTT) on the sexual schemas of religiously committed women who have experienced infidelity. Methods and Materials: This study employed a quasi-experimental design featuring a pre-test and post-test with a control group. The sample consisted of 45 religiously committed women who had experienced spousal infidelity, diagnosed by psychologists at counseling centers in Shiraz. Participants were selected through convenience sampling and randomly assigned to three groups of 15: a control group, an MBT group, and a UTT group. The intervention groups received respective therapy sessions, while the control group received no intervention. Data were collected using the Women's Sexual Self-Schema Questionnaire by Anderson and Cyranowski (1994). Data analysis was performed using Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA). Findings: The results of the MANCOVA indicated that there were no significant differences in the post-test mean scores of sexual schemas among the control group, MBT group, and UTT group (p > .05). Thus, neither therapeutic approach had a significant impact on the sexual schemas of the participants. Conclusion: The study concluded that both Mentalization-Based Therapy and Unified Transdiagnostic Treatment were ineffective in altering the sexual schemas of religiously committed women who had experienced infidelity. The findings suggest that these therapeutic methods may not address the deep-rooted cognitive and experiential structures underlying sexual schemas.
... According to Nevid et al. (2005) body dissatisfaction refers to the feeling of dissatisfaction in an individual's feelings due to social pressure to meet unrealistic standards of thinness and appearance factors related to women's roles. Moreover, Durand and Barlow (2016) said that body dissatisfaction is a feeling of dissatisfaction of a body which is a negative result of the beauty standard problems that are increasingly unrealistic and difficult to follow in the society. ...
Abstrak Dengan berkembangnya citra kurus-ideal dengan istilah “thinspiration” yang mendorong penurunan berat badan agar dapat sesuai dengan citra tersebut, meningkatkan pandangan negatif pada tubuh dan dapat menyebabkan body dissatisfaction. Apabila tidak diperhatikan dan ditanggulangi maka dapat menyebabkan terjadinya gangguan makan lainnya seperti bulimia dan anorexia nervosa. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat apakah social networks dan psychological acculturation memiliki hubungan dengan body dissatisfaction pada perempuan. Subjek penelitian ini adalah 272 perempuan dengan usia 15 sampai 35 tahun yang saat ini berdomisili di Provinsi Bali. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ); Social Networking Sites Usage & Needs Scale (SNSUN); dan The East Asian Acculturation Measure (EAAM). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan positif yang signifikan antara social networks dan psychological acculturation dengan body dissatisfaction. Implikasi hasil penelitian ini adalah dapat menjadi pengingat bagi para perempuan agar tidak terlalu terfokus pada tipe tubuh yang dianggap ideal yang seringkali ditunjukkan di social networks dan juga tidak terlalu berpatokan pada idealisme barat mengenai tipe tubuh yang dianggap ideal. Kata Kunci: Body Dissatisfaction, Psychological Acculturation, Social Networks AbstractWith the development of an ideal-thin image with the term ”thispiration” which encourages weight loss to fit this image, increase negative views on body and could cause body dissatisfaction. If it is ignored and not treated, it can lead to other eating disorded such as bulimia and anorexia nervosa. This research aims to see whether there’s correlation between socal networks and psychological acculturation with body dissatisfaction in women. The subjects of this research were 272 women with the age of 15 to 35 years who are currently live in Bali. Data were collected using Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ); Social Networking Sites Usage & Needs Scale (SNSUN); and The East Asian Acculturation Measure (EAAM). The results showed that there was a significant positive correlation between social networks and psychological acculturation with body dissatisfaction. The results of this research have important implications that it can be a reminder for women to not be too focused on the body types that’s considered as ideal which often shown on social networks and also not to rely too much on western ideals regarding the body types that’s considered as ideal. Keywords: Body Dissatisfaction, Psychological Acculturation, Social Networks
... It is worth noting that since the earliest civilizations, there has been a tendency to avoid or distance individuals with mental illness, likely due to beliefs that mental illness was associated with the presence of spirits or demons [15,16]. ...
The concept of stigma has evolved, initially denoting a mark of shame and now encompassing a broader range of negative societal perceptions. Cognitive-social models describe stigma as containing stereotypes, discrimination, and prejudice, with each dimension significantly impacting individuals' health, social interactions, and willingness to seek help. This study has the objective of exploring the main theories about stigma to propose a novel model that integrates these dimensions, illustrating their interactions and cumulative impact on individuals and their families. The model aims for a comprehensive understanding of stigma development in mental illness and provides valuable insights for developing targeted anti-stigma interventions, ultimately improving the lives of individuals with mental illness and their families.
... Anxiety, an emotion characterized by tension, worrisome thoughts, and physical changes, plays a significant role in creative processes. Barlow and Durand (2015) define anxiety as "a negative mood state characterized by symptoms of physical tension and apprehension about the future" (p. 123). ...
Introduction
This study investigated the role of generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) in enhancing the creative cognition of design students, examining the mediating effects of self-efficacy and anxiety reduction.
Methods
A quantitative approach was employed, collecting data through online surveys from 121 design students at universities in southern China. The study utilized scales for AI knowledge and perception, self-efficacy, anxiety, and creative cognition, adapted from previous studies and evaluated on 5-point Likert scales. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS 24.0 for exploratory factor analysis and PROCESS v3.5 for mediation analysis.
Results
The findings confirmed that AI positively impacted students’ innovative thinking (*β* = 0.610, *p* < 0.001). Self-efficacy (standardized *β* = 0.256, 95% CI [0.140, 0.418], *p* < 0.001) and anxiety reduction (standardized *β* = 0.093, 95% CI [0.018, 0.195], *p* < 0.05) positively mediated the relationship between generative AI and creative cognition. Additionally, a serial mediation effect through self-efficacy and anxiety reduction was observed (standardized *β* = 0.053, 95% CI [0.012, 0.114], *p* < 0.05).
Discussion
Our empirical analysis demonstrates that AI positively affects design students’ innovative thinking, with self-efficacy and anxiety reduction serving as significant mediators. These findings provide valuable insights for educators and policymakers, suggesting that AI-integrated design curricula can significantly foster creative cognition, promote academic achievement, and enhance designer capabilities. Understanding AI’s impact on students’ creative processes is crucial for developing effective teaching strategies in today’s evolving educational landscape.
... A) The etiological model [34] includes biological, psychological, and social aspects involved in SAD, which is the result of a specific biological predisposition to associate fears with expressions of anger, criticism, or rejection by others through eye contact. B) The etiological model [31] maintains that SAD is the result of the interaction of personal, genetic, and contextual factors in which the continuous concern about negative social evaluation is fundamental. ...
Social anxiety is currently considered a public health crisis, largely affecting several adolescents and young adults. The situation has caused worldwide concern due to the mental health of these individuals. The objective of this study is to establish the psychometric evidence of the Social Anxiety Scale in Peruvian university students. The type of study is instrumental and non-experimental. The subjects were 517 university students between the ages of 18 and 38 who participated in total (M = 20.7; SD = 2.50). The instrument used was the Marc Leary Social Anxiety Scale. The results are based on the statistical analysis of each item, through item-by-item testing and item-to-scale correlation, identifying values higher than .20. An analysis model was formed called the Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), whose original dimensional model was carried out, finding inadequate fit indices, three items with low factorial weight, and correlated errors. A new CFA was conducted without these items and correlated errors, obtaining optimal fit indices for the new structure (χ²/gl = 2.48; CFI = .945; TLI = .939; RMSEA = .054). Regarding reliability, it was estimated with the omega coefficient (ω = .949). Lastly, scales and cut-off points were developed according to the sex of the subjects. In conclusion, the structure of the test was composed of 26 items, with two items, 24 and 28, being eliminated, making the test reliable for use based on its values.
... Additionally, there is ample evidence linking poor self-esteem to NSSI, with studies demonstrating that self-harm is more likely to be used as a maladaptive coping mechanism by people who have low self-esteem. Among students with low self-esteem, the psychological distress brought on by academic pressure can cause or exacerbate these behaviors; this relationship is particularly strong for undergraduates who might not have fully developed adaptive coping mechanisms (Barlow et al. 2018). Therefore, the literature makes it abundantly evident that undergraduate and graduate students have quite different levels of academic stress, low self-esteem, and NSSI behavior, with undergraduates typically reporting higher levels of stress, lower self-esteem, and more frequent NSSI acts. ...
The aim of this research was to explore the association between academic stress, self-esteem, and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) behaviors among hostelized students. For this study, a sample of N=300 (150 males and 150 females) was chosen using a purposive sampling technique from both public and private hostels in Faisalabad. Prior to responding to three standardized questionnaires, the Academic Stress Scale (ASS), the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSE), and the Non-Suicidal Self-Injury Behaviors Scale (INS), the participants filled out demographic form and gave their informed consent. Analysis of the data indicates that NSSI behaviors and academic stress have positive correlation. In contrast, Academic Stress was found to have a negative relationship with Self-Esteem, suggesting that as stress increases, self-esteem tends to decrease. Additionally, the findings revealed that undergraduates report lower self-esteem and engage in NSSI behaviors more frequently than graduate students, highlighting developmental differences in how academic challenges impact mental health. This research emphasizes the need for targeted interventions to reduce academic stress and improve self-esteem among hostelized students to decrease the risk of NSSI.
... Eating disorder pada remaja dapat memberikan dampak negatif terhadap kesehatan fisik dan mental. Gangguan makan ini juga sering kali berkaitan Volume 6 Nomor 2 Tahun 2024| 89 dengan masalah psikologis seperti gangguan kecemasan dan gangguan mood (Barlow et al., 2018). Risiko bunuh diri juga meningkat pada individu dengan bulimia nervosa dan anorexia nervosa, di mana pada tipe anorexia nervosa mencapai angka 12 dari 100.000 kasus setiap tahun (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). ...
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh ketidakpuasan terhadap bentuk tubuh (body dissatisfaction) terhadap kecenderungan eating disorder pada remaja putri di Kota Bukittinggi. Pendekatan penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif korelasional. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 50 remaja putri yang dipilih melalui teknik purposive sampling dari populasi di Kota Bukittinggi. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner yang dibagikan secara daring melalui Google Form. Kuesioner mencakup informed consent, data diri subjek (nama atau inisial, usia, jenis kelamin), serta instrumen Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ-16A) dan Eating Attitudes Test (EAT). Analisis data dilakukan dengan uji regresi sederhana menggunakan SPSS 26 for Windows. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya pengaruh signifikan antara ketidakpuasan terhadap bentuk tubuh dan kecenderungan eating disorder, dengan pengaruh sebesar 20,4%, sedangkan 79,6% dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain yang tidak diteliti dalam penelitian ini.
Aim and Background: One of the most common psychological disorders among children, adolescents and adults, is anxiety disorders. These disorders include a complex of disorders that their common features are fear, anxiety, and behavioral distress. Various causes and factors are involved in appearance of the disorder. The aim of this study was to examine the mediating role of transdiagnostic factors in relationship between stressful events and generalized anxiety. Methods and Materials: The research method was non-experimental causal. The statistical population was all students of public universities of science and technology ministry in Tehran. Among them 700 students were selected by convenience sampling. And the data were gathered through internet-based questionnaires. The instruments included generalized anxiety scale (short-form) (2006), Freeston's intolerance of uncertainty (1994), cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire (short-form) (2006), acceptance and action questionnaire (2011), life events scale (1971), and meta-cognitive beliefs questionnaire. To analyze the data structural equation modeling (SEM) was used through Amos software version 26. Findings: The results showed that the indirect effect of stressful events on generalized anxiety disorder by mediating role of transdiagnostic factors is significant (p<0.05). The estimates of the findings indicated that intolerance of uncertainty has equal coefficients in mediating of stressful events and generalized anxiety (p<0.05). Also, results revealed that compatible and incompatible emotion regulation, experiential avoidance, and metacognitive beliefs as transdiagnostic factors have significant role in mediating in relationship between stressful events and generalized anxiety (p<0.05). Conclusions: Regarding the obtained findings based on analyzing data, it can be mentioned that transdiagnostic factors has a mediating role between stressful events and generalized anxiety. Therefore, it is highly important to pay attention to transdiagnostic factors in treatment of patients suffering from generalized anxiety disorder. [ Downloaded from rbs.mui.ac.ir on 2025-02-28 ]
The convergence of climate change and economic instability has sparked an unprecedented surge in climate anxiety, emerging as a critical public health challenge of current era. Our study examines the relationship between economic policy uncertainty (EPU) and climate anxiety through both symmetric and asymmetric lenses, drawing on comprehensive panel data from G7 countries spanning 1999–2022. Through the development of a novel climate anxiety index and application of advanced panel techniques, we reveal robust evidence of EPU's substantial influence on climate anxiety. Our analysis demonstrates that this relationship intensifies at higher quantiles, while environmental performance metrics serve as crucial buffers against EPU's adverse mental health impacts. The bidirectional causality between EPU and climate anxiety emphasizes the urgent need for integrated economic and environmental policies to protect vulnerable populations' mental health in an increasingly uncertain world.
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