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O modelo global : espaço de teste da paz e segurança internacionais
Hans J. Morgenthaus magnum opus, Politics among Nations: The Struggle for Power and Peace, first published in 1948, has exercised a determining influence not only in the development of the realist paradigm, but most importantly in the scientific autonomy of the field of International Relations in the 20th century. This article explores Morgenthaus main propositions, confronts them with Kenneth N. Waltzs own theoretical hypotheses and criticism, and concludes that the rediscovery of Thucydidess complex realism may help to surmount methodological dead-ends, bringing about necessary theoretical bridges and somewhat more productive syntheses.
Kenneth N. Waltzs magnum opus, Theory of International Politics, first published in 1979, is the single most widely read contribution to neorealism. Waltz claimed the establishment of a nomothetic theory of international politics that deals in regularities and repetitions, arguing that the structural component of the international system greatly influences state behaviour and hence outcomes. The author proposes a macrotheoretical solution to the micro account of traditional realism that focuses on unit- and individual-level explanations.
This article explores `European foreign policy' as an important new empirical domain of foreign policy and also as a challenging vehicle for evaluating the current status of Foreign Policy Analysis (FPA). It begins by identifying the weaknesses of the dominant institutionalist mode of analysis of foreign policy activity in Europe which include a restrictive definition of `foreign policy' in this context. A case is then made for arguing that critics of FPA have underestimated the significance of developments in this sub-field of International Relations over the last 30 years and that `traditional' FPA can be adapted to aid the task of understanding the complex arena of European foreign policy defined here as constituted by three interrelated types of activity; Community, Union and National (member states') foreign policy. Having sketched out an analytical framework which demonstrates the continuing strengths of FPA, the article reflects upon what we might learn from this application about the weaknesses of this mode of analysis. Continuing problems notwithstanding, a revitalized FPA is revealed here which has the potential to incorporate both positivist and `post-positivist' approaches.
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