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Karnataka J. Agric. Sci.,25 (2) : (241-244) 2012
Evaluation of bottle gourd genotypes [Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Standl.] for various
horticultural characters*
M. HARIKA, V. D. GASTI, T. SHANTAPPA , R. MULGE, A. M. SHIROL, A. B. MASTIHOLI AND M. S. KULKARNI
Department of Vegetable Science
Kittur Rani Channamma College of Horticulture, Arabhavi - 591 310, Karnataka, India
E-mail: vilasdgasti07@yahoo.co.in
(Received: November, 2011 ; Accepted: June, 2012)
Abstract : The present investigation was undertaken with 25 genotypes of bottle gourd for evaluating their performance
for various horticultural characters. The genotype Sarika was found to possess maximum number of primary branches,
while, Anand Bottlegourd-1 recorded maximum vine length. The cultivar Thar Samridhi was noted for maximum number
of leaves and thicker flesh and the genotype NBBL-12 was noted for earliness to flowering and fruiting. The genotype
Gaja was found to be superior and promising for lower sex ratio (male to female), more number of fruits per vine, higher
fruit yield and seed yield per hectare. Performance studies revealed that the genotypes Gaja, NS-421, NBBL-12,
Sharada, INDAM-204, NS-443, Super Dhana, Arka Bahar and Krushi Sampada were found promising for fruit yield and
Anand, Gaja, Gutkha and NS-443 for seed yield.
Key words: Bottle gourd, Earliness, Fruit yield, Genotypes, Seed yield
Introduction
Bottle gourd [Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Standl.] is an
important gourd having wide range of uses and is largely
cultivated in the tropics and subtropics for its edible fruits. Tender
fruits are used as vegetable and also for preparation of sweets
and pickles especially in the hills. It has a cooling effect and
prevents constipation and has diuretic and cardio-tonic
properties. Fruit pulp is used as antidote against certain poisons.
Externally the pulp is applied as poultice and cooling application
to the saved head delirium and also rubbed on the flat of the feet
and hands to diminish the effect of heat. The bitter fruits are
poisonous and are used as a strong purgative. The bitter fruit
ash when mixed with honey is useful application to eyes for
night blindness. The leaves in the form of decoction with sugar
are used for curing jaundice. The hard shells of the mature fruits
are used in making various types of musical instruments, jugs,
domestic utensils for storage of liquid and food materials and
floats for fishing nets.
In spite of being in cultivation since ancient times and the
presence of the wide germplasm, conscious evaluation and
exploitation of germplasm has not been attended to until recently.
Even though the first public sector F
1
hybrid was developed in
this crop, the importance is not given to this crop because of
consumers unknown about nutrients riched value compared to
other cucurbits. At present, urgent need of the farmers is to
develop early maturing and high yielding variety/ hybrid.
Preliminary identification of early maturing genotypes can be
done based on characters like days to opening of female flowers,
node number to first female flowering and days to fruit picking.
Collection and evaluation of germplasm is a pre-requisite for their
utilization and detailed evaluation determines the potential of
an accession in specific crop improvement programme. Therefore,
a trial for characterization and evaluation of presently available
bottle gourd germplasm is carried out in order to identify the
potential cultivar for different horticultural characters.
Material and methods
The study was carried out at the K.R.C. College of
Horticulture, Arabhavi, Gokak Taluk, Belgaum district of
Karnataka state during kharif season of 2010. The material for
the present study consisted 25 diverse genotypes which
comprised of six open pollinated varieties and 19 hybrids. The
experiment was laid out in the randomized block design with
three replications. The net area of the experimental plot was
1215 m
2
. Each treatment or a genotype in each replication was
represented by two rows each accommodating 10 plants at a
row to row spacing of 1.8 m and 0.9 m from plant to plant within
a row. Three plants were randomly selected in each genotype
from each replication and evaluated for the quantitative
characters and the mean values of the data recorded were
analyzed statistically adopting the method suggested by Panse
and Sukhatme (1985).
Results and discussion
The mean values of different growth parameters with respect
to genotypes are presented in table 1. Sarika was found to
possess the maximum number of primary branches per vine
(12.67). In contrast, Kaveri recorded the least number of primary
branches (4.50). In initial stages (45 DAS), INDAM – 320
recorded significantly higher vine length (114.83 cm) but, the
overall vine length at 90 DAS was significantly higher in Anand
Bottle gourd-1 (748.33 cm), and the genotype Elina recorded
the minimum vine length (376.67 cm). Significantly higher
number of leaves per plant was recorded in Gaja (246.00)
followed by Anand Bottle gourd-1 (222.67), Thar Samridhi
(206.83), NS-421 (195.00) and Krushi Sampada (182.33) and
lowest in Elina (65.67) followed by Louki (78.50), Anand (86.83)
and Gutkha (94.67). Gaja recorded the lowest sex ratio (12.62)
and it was significantly highest in Anand Bottle gourd-1 (24.40).
In the present study, the high variation in sex ratio may be due
to environmental conditions.The results obtained are in line
*Part of M. Sc. (Hort.) thesis submitted by the first author to the University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad - 580 005, India
242
Karnataka J. Agric. Sci.,25 (2) : 2012
Table 1. Mean performance of bottle gourd genotypes for different growth parameters
Genotypes NPB Vine length (cm) DFF DFFF Sex ratio
45 DAS 90 DAS
Arka Bahar 10.67 87.67 588.33 51.00 54.33 22.95
INDAM-204 8.50 68.33 616.67 50.33 51.50 18.16
INDAM-320 6.33 114.83 655.00 46.67 48.17 17.09
NS-421 11.83 39.00 568.33 53.00 55.83 17.29
NS-443 6.83 74.50 393.33 52.50 54.50 11.87
Anand Bottle gourd-1 11.83 68.50 748.33 53.17 55.83 24.40
Thar Samridhi 8.00 91.33 586.67 45.17 47.33 23.70
Gaja 10.17 112.67 658.33 47.33 50.50 12.62
NBBL-12 5.83 64.83 498.33 43.83 45.83 13.92
Kaveri 4.50 73.17 391.67 53.00 53.33 17.64
NBOH-1 10.33 31.33 613.33 58.83 60.67 20.30
Champion 7.33 54.50 510.00 57.17 60.00 13.56
Warad 5.83 62.50 511.67 52.00 53.67 17.27
Bio Gaurav 9.67 111.00 428.33 50.00 52.33 18.56
NBBL-52 6.50 66.17 416.67 51.50 53.33 20.15
US-15 9.33 53.83 445.00 54.00 56.67 15.90
Gutkha 9.17 19.17 458.33 57.17 58.17 17.40
Elina 5.83 31.17 376.67 53.17 55.33 13.22
Sarika 12.67 40.17 628.33 57.50 60.67 18.33
Reena 10.67 38.00 428.33 57.00 59.50 18.44
Super Dhana 11.67 59.67 555.00 52.17 55.17 16.01
Anand 12.5 44.50 488.33 57.83 60.33 15.37
Sharada 6.50 75.00 480.00 49.17 50.33 12.86
Krushi Sampada 11.50 100.83 604.70 50.50 51.17 17.92
Louki 8.33 24.67 391.67 53.00 57.17 20.97
Mean 8.89 64.29 521.65 52.51 54.24 17.43
S. Em± 0.32 11.12 21.81 2.34 2.83 1.12
C.D. at 5% 0.93 32.47 63.68 6.83 8.27 3.29
C.V. (%) 5.08 17.37 5.91 6.31 7.38 9.15
NPB: Number of primary branches; DAS: Days after sowing; DFF: Days to first flowering; DFFF: Days to first female flowering
Table 2 . Performance of bottle gourd genotypes for yield parameters and different horticultural characters
Genotypes NFF NFFF DFFH FL FB RT FT T.S.S
(cm) (cm) (mm) (mm) (
0
B)
Arka Bahar 8.5 11.67 62.5 28.95 6.73 3.34 64 4.42
INDAM-204 7.5 8.5 61.5 45.75 9.48 2.57 92.11 3.78
INDAM-320 7.67 12 55.5 26.97 9.13 5.49 85.85 3.85
NS-421 9 11.17 66.5 35.45 7.45 2.76 71.79 3.17
NS-443 10.17 12.83 64.17 38.43 7.02 2.33 67.84 3.23
Anand Bottle gourd-1 9.5 11.17 65.17 58.92 9.27 3.55 89.12 3.58
Thar Samridhi 7 8.5 55.5 18.53 16.33 3.21 160.13 3.42
Gaja 9 10.67 60.33 43.32 6.78 2.68 65.15 3.6
NBBL-12 7.5 8 52.83 28.88 8.42 4.19 79.98 4.58
Kaveri 11.83 13.5 63.5 32.92 6.25 3.5 59 4.12
NBOH-1 10.83 12.5 70.83 38.88 7 1.57 68.43 6.13
Champion 12 13.33 69.33 30.12 7.67 2.17 74.5 2.35
Warad 9.67 10.67 62.83 40.7 8.53 3.05 82.28 2.93
Bio Gaurav 8.5 10.17 61.33 31.63 6.47 3.37 61.3 4.3
NBBL-52 9.67 11.17 62.5 10.9 15.08 3.16 147.68 3.97
US-15 9.33 11.67 65.17 53.35 7.07 3.04 67.65 2.93
Gutkha 7.83 8.5 65.67 39.38 9.3 2.36 90.64 2.55
Elina 6.17 7.83 66.67 9.18 14.45 2.5 142 3.3
Sarika 11.17 13.83 75 48.67 8.75 2.22 85.27 2.53
Reena 11 12.5 68.17 44.2 7.27 2.98 69.69 2.7
Super Dhana 10.17 13.67 66.67 39.53 6.6 2.38 63.62 3.15
Anand 7.67 10.67 68.33 42.53 8.72 2.22 85.03 4.2
Sharada 8 9.33 59.83 43 7.97 2.46 77.21 4.32
Krushi Sampada 9.33 12.17 60.17 39.05 9.35 2.88 90.63 4.07
Louki 5.83 6.83 60.33 21.75 8.22 1.76 80.42 3.53
Mean 8.99 10.91 63.61 35.64 8.77 2.87 84.85 3.63
S. Em± 0.45 0.52 3.14 1.81 1.1 0.22 3.41 0.31
C.D. at 5% 1.32 1.54 9.18 5.27 3.2 0.63 9.94 0.91
C. V. (%) 7.12 6.81 6.99 7.17 17.68 10.58 5.68 12.09
NFF: Nodes to first flowering; NFFF: Nodes to first female flower; DFFH: Days to first fruit harvest; FL: Fruit length; FB: Fruit breadth;
R.T.: Rind thickness; F.T.: Flesh Thickness; T.S.S.:Total soluble solids.
243
Evaluation of bottle gourd genotypes ......
with those of Pandey and Singh (2007) in sponge gourd, Munshi
and Acharya (2005) and Samadia (2002) in bottle gourd and
Pillai et al. (1998) in bitter gourd.
The genotypes significantly differed for node to first
flowering, node to first female flowering, days to first fruit harvest,
fruit length, fruit breadth, rind thickness, flesh thickness and
total soluble solids (Table 2). Significant early flowering was
recorded in NBBL-12 (43.83) while NBOH-1 was found to be late
of all (58.83). Early male and female flower was produced in
Louki on lower nodes (5.83 and 6.83, respectively) and Champion
produced its first flower on the higher node (12.00). The genotype
NBBL-12 came to flowering early with respect to the female
flower. It took 45.83 days for the first female flower opening and
is also noted for early vegetable harvest with 52.83 days. In
contrast, the genotype Sarika is late many parameters like first
flower opening (60.67), days to first fruit harvest (75.00) and
produced its female flower on a higher node (13.83). The results
are in agreement with that of Pandey and Singh (2007) in sponge
gourd, Kumar et al. (1999) and Sirohi et al. (1988) in bottle gourd.
Among the genotypes the significant difference was
observed for number of fruits per vine, average fruit weight,
fruit yield per vine and hectare, seed yield per fruit and vine,
seed weight and seed yield per hectare (Table 3). Significantly,
higher number of fruits per vine (14.50) was recorded in Gaja
with an average fruit weight of 1104.84 g, which accounted for
higher fruit yield per vine (15.81 kg) and fruit yield per hectare
(41.68 t/ha). Genotypes, NS-421, NBBL-12, Sharada and
INDAM-204 were the next in the order. The maximum fruit weight
of 1443.09 g was recorded in INDAM-320, whereas, the least
fruit yield per vine, per hectare, average fruit weight (2.27 kg,
10.29 t/ha and 698.90 g, respectively) were recorded in Champion.
The results obtained are in agreement with Samadia (2002) and
Sharma and Dhankar (1999) in bottle gourd and Reddy et al.
(1995) in bitter gourd.
The length of fruit ranged from 9.18 cm in Elina a round
fruited variety to 58.92 cm in Anand bottle gourd-1 a long
fruited variety. The fruit of Thar Samridhi was marked for the
maximum fruit diameter (16.33 cm) while fruit of Kaveri recorded
the least diameter (6.25 cm). Similar trend was also observed in
flesh thickness character. The difference in flesh thickness
could be attributed to inherent characteristics of variety. Fruit
flesh thickness increased with increase in size of the fruit i.e.
more thick flesh was observed in bigger sized fruits and less in
small fruits. The highest value for rind thickness (5.49 mm)
Table 3. Performance of bottle gourd genotyes for fruit yield and seed yield and their components
Genotypes NFPV AFW FYPV FYPHa SYPF SYPV 100 SYPHa
(g) (kg) (t/ha) (g) (g) SW (q/ha)
(g)
Arka Bahar 7.83 1070.93 9.17 23.82 18.17 72.67 18.13 4.49
INDAM-204 8.83 1439.78 12.62 30.96 24.35 73.05 14.25 4.51
INDAM-320 6.50 1443.09 8.64 21.23 21.07 63.20 13.43 3.90
NS-421 13.5 985.05 13.16 33.46 22.27 66.80 10.96 4.12
NS-443 9.17 1119.98 10.17 25.79 25.58 76.75 19.68 4.74
Anand Bottle gourd-1 4.83 1312.91 6.17 18.10 20.93 62.80 21.31 3.88
Thar Samridhi 6.00 1244.47 7.33 20.13 18.27 54.80 10.35 3.38
Gaja 14.50 1104.84 15.81 41.68 26.37 79.10 14.03 4.88
NBBL-12 11.50 1127.85 12.64 32.96 14.03 42.10 7.11 2.60
Kaveri 10.00 759.67 7.48 19.94 18.97 75.87 14.58 4.68
NBOH-1 4.50 1173.39 5.04 16.25 21.95 65.85 15.98 4.06
Champion 3.50 698.90 2.27 10.29 12.33 61.67 23.96 3.81
Warad 7.83 974.33 7.47 19.52 20.78 62.35 16.53 3.85
Bio Gaurav 7.33 1187.06 8.52 20.31 22.07 66.20 13.91 4.09
NBBL-52 7.00 1103.53 7.53 19.63 12.30 36.90 8.15 2.28
US-15 5.17 921.03 4.68 12.76 10.73 32.20 5.98 1.99
Gutkha 8.33 1002.12 8.23 20.48 19.50 78.00 18.16 4.81
Elina 3.17 1239.94 3.83 11.73 18.82 56.45 12.1 3.48
Sarika 3.83 1239.02 4.61 13.11 17.30 51.89 13.81 3.20
Reena 4.50 1108.36 4.39 12.28 10.93 32.80 11.98 2.02
Super Dhana 9.83 1060.73 10.14 25.57 12.93 38.80 8.48 2.40
Anand 6.00 963.19 5.90 16.02 27.33 82.00 17.85 5.06
Sharada 10.50 1163.64 12.27 31.06 22.62 67.85 20.58 4.19
Krushi Sampada 9.50 976.54 9.14 22.08 17.10 51.30 7.83 3.17
Louki 6.83 1083.63 7.07 19.24 19.00 57.00 12.10 3.52
Mean 7.62 1100.16 8.17 21.53 19.03 60.34 14.05 3.72
S. Em.± 0.40 64.57 0.80 0.96 1.83 6.10 0.80 0.38
C.D. at 5% 1.17 188.47 2.35 2.82 5.33 17.81 2.34 1.10
C.V. (%) 7.46 8.30 13.92 6.34 13.58 14.31 8.08 14.31
NFPV: Number of fruits per vine; AFW: Average fruit weight; FYPV: Fruit yield per vine; FYPHa: Fruit yield per hectare;
SYPF: Seed yield per fruit; SYPV: Seed yield per vine; SW: Seed weight; SYPHa: Seed yield per hectare
244
was observed in INDAM-320 and least by NBOH-1 (1.57 mm)
which even recorded a significantly higher T.S.S. (6.13
0
B) and
least was recorded in Champion (2.35
0
B). The results are similar
to those obtained by Sharma et al. (1997) and Chaudhary and
Singh (1981) in bottle gourd.
Significantly higher seed yield per fruit was reported in
Anand (27.33 g). The same genotype was noted for its higher
seed yield per vine and seed yield per hectare (82.00 g and
5.06 q/ha, respectively). The genotype Champion was
significantly higher for 100 seed weight (23.96 g). The genotype
US-15 was noted for its lower seed yield per fruit, per vine, per
hectare and 100 seed weight (10.73 g, 32.20 g, 1.99 q/ha and
5.98 g, respectively). The results are presented in table 3.
Similar findings were reported by Ram et al. (2006) and Mohan
et al. (2004) in ridge gourd. The increase in seed yield per fruit
may be attributed to the pollinating agents which carried a
good amount of pollen that led to pollination thereby, increasing
seed yield and thus contributed for higher seed weight. The
higher seed yield per vine and per hectare may be attributed to
the number of fruits per plant which increased the yield. On
the other hand, the lower seed yield may be because of
fluctuating temperatures which resulted in poor fruit set and
drying of ovaries and desiccation of tender fruits there by
reducing the yields (Samadia, 2002).
References
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two high yielding bottle gourd hybrids. Indian Hort., 16(1):
15-17.
Kumar, S., Singh, S. P. and Jaiswal, R. C., 1999, Heterosis over mid and
top parent under the Line X Tester fashion in bottle gourd
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Mohan, J., Singh, R. P., Singh, D. and Singh, D., 2004, Studies on
genetic variability and heritability in ridge gourd [Luffa
acutangula (Roxb.) L.]. Agril. Sci. Digest, 22: 279-280.
Munshi, R. and Acharyya, P., 2005, Varietal evaluation in bottle gourd
genotypes. Indian Agric., 49(3&4): 213-221.
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Karnataka J. Agric. Sci.,25 (2) : 2012
