Article

An Exploration of The Cognitive Factors Involved in Learning from Failure

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Abstract

Failure has been consistently extolled as a fundamental learning experience in entrepreneurship. However, researchers acknowledge that this pervasive view of failure is supported in the literature almost solely on the basis of anecdotal evidence. This study empirically investigates the type of knowledge that can be learned through a failure experience as well as the factors that moderate the learning process. We find that business failure can help improve an entrepreneur's ability to recognize business opportunities by enhancing their use of structural alignment processes. This relationship is particularly strong for those entrepreneurs operating with an intuitive cognitive style, utilizing expert opportunity prototypes, and relying less upon prior professional experience.

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... This research is motivated by a number of studies related to religion and entrepreneurship (Carswell and Rolland, 2007;Dana, 2010;Audretsch et al., 2013), social institutions and entrepreneurial behaviour (Estrin and Mickiewicz, 2011;Levie et al., 2014;Zelekha et al., 2014;Garcia-Posada and Mora-Sanguinetti, 2015;Williams and Vorley, 2015), and cognitive beliefs and entrepreneurial behaviour (McMullen and Shepherd, 2006;Krueger, 2007a;Grégoire et al., 2010;Mueller and Shepherd, 2013;McMullen, 2015;Shepherd, 2015;Ramoglou and Tsang, 2016;Shepherd and Patzelt, 2018). ...
Thesis
This thesis researches the influence of Islamic institutions on aspects of the entrepreneurial phenomenon. It draws from institutional theory and social psychology and contributes to the scholarly study of religion and entrepreneurship. It comprises three papers that examine different facets of the entrepreneurial phenomenon in an Islamic institutional context. The first paper affords a critical review of the cognate literature, to unpack the intricacies of the relationship between Islamic institutions and entrepreneurship – typically eclipsed under one-dimensional treatments of the relationship. Focusing on the cognitive pillar, the second paper discusses how Islamic institutions affect the phenomenon of overcoming doubt during the process of entrepreneurial opportunity belief formation. The third paper examines how Muslim entrepreneurs make sense of failure in light of Islamic cognitive institutions. The first paper is conceptual and analyses the literature from the standpoint of institutional theory. The second and third papers are informed from in-depth interviews with 35 Muslim entrepreneurs from Oman. Overall, the thesis demonstrates that religion is an important element of the community fabric that can materially influence entrepreneurial decision-making and sense-making by shedding light on the nuances of the process.
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