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Two Cases of Hallermann-Streiff Syndrome Diagnosed in Early Neonatal Period

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Hallermann-Streiff syndrome is a very rare congenital disorder, which is primarily characterized by the head and face abnormalities. Approximately 180 cases have been reported worldwide, including 8 cases in Korea since it was first described by Hallermann in 1893. Patients exhibit a bird-like face, hypotrichosis, atrophy of skin, dental abnormalities, proportionate nanism, and various ophthalmic disorders, including congenital cataracts and bilateral micropthalmia. As a result of many life-threatening complications, such as respiratory and cardiac difficulties, many patients die during infancy. We report here two cases of HSS diagnosed immediately after birth with literature reviews. They showed two additional characteristics, including chubby cheeks and antenatal ultrasonographic findings, which have not been mentioned in previous reports.
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Copyright © 2012 by the Korean Society of NeonatologyPublished by the Korean Society of Neonatolog. All rights reserved.
Hallermann-Streiff
, 1893 Hallermann
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. 자들 Hallermann-
Streiff 2
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Hallermann-Streiff 2
교 의학 소아과
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송은
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Case report
J Korean Soc Neonatol • 2012;19:146-153
http://dx.doi.org/10.5385/jksn.2012.19.3.146
pISSN 1226-1513eISSN 2093-7849
Two Cases of Hallermann-Streiff Syndrome Diagnosed in Early Neonatal Period
Young Earl Choi, M.D., Joon Sik Choi, M.D., Young Nam Kim, M.D., Eun Song Song, M.D., and Young Youn Choi, M.D.
Department of Pediatrics, Collage of Medicine, Chonnam University, Gwangju, Korea
Hallermann-Streiff syndrome is a very rare congenital disorder, which is primarily characterized by the head and face abnormali-
ties. Approximately 180 cases have been reported worldwide, including 8 cases in Korea since it was first described by Hallermann
in 1893. Patients exhibit a bird-like face, hypotrichosis, atrophy of skin, dental abnormalities, proportionate nanism, and various
ophthalmic disorders, including congenital cataracts and bilateral micropthalmia. As a result of many life-threatening complica-
tions, such as respiratory and cardiac difficulties, many patients die during infancy. We report here two cases of HSS diagnosed
immediately after birth with literature reviews. They showed two additional characteristics, including chubby cheeks and antenatal
ultrasonographic findings, which have not been mentioned in previous reports.
Key Words:
Hallermann-Streiff syndrome, Congenital cataract, Microphthalmia, Hypotrichosis
1
: 2,
:
: 33 , 36
.
, .
36 5, 2,100 g
, 1 Apgar 8, 5 9.
2,100 g (10-25 ), 43.5 cm (10-25
), 30.3 cm (10 )
Received: 3 July 2012, Revised: 4 July 2012, Accepted: 1 August 2012
Correspondence to: Young Youn Choi, M.D., Ph.D.
Department of Pediatrics, Collage of Medicine, Chonnam University, 42 Jebong-ro, Dong-gu, Gwangju 501-757, Korea
Tel: +82-62-220-6646, Fax: +82-62-222-6103, E-mail: yychoi@chonnam.ac.kr
J Korean Soc Neonatol 2012;19:146-153
http://dx.doi.org/10.5385/jksn.2012.19.3.146
147
. (brachycephaly),
. 4 cm 도로 크고 (sagittal
suture)
. ,
. , 3
,
(Fig. 1A). .
,
.
: 36
, ,
(Fig. 2). (10.3 mg/dL), (4.9 mg/dL),
alkaline phosphatase (139 U/L) ,
. 2
, 15
, (tubular bone)
Fig. 1. Patient 1 shows a small head, a prominent forehead, sparse hair, especially in the
frontal area, a small pointed nose with thin blue colored skin down to the upper lip, chubby
cheeks, a small mouth, micro- and retrognathia, and low set of ears (Photo A is taken on day
2 of life and Photo B is on 9 months of corrected age).
Fig. 2. Antenatal ultrasonography at 36 weeks of gestation shows (A) a short and thin femur
and (B) prominent forehead (arrow) and a small nose.
Fig. 3. Simple radigraphy shows short and thin clavicle, ribs,
humerus and other tubular bones with small, flattening of vertebral
bodies, and pathologic fractures of left proximal radius (arrow).
148
YE Chol, et al.
Two Cases of Hallermann-Streiff Syndrome Diagnosed
(Fig. 3). X-ray CT ,
, ,
(Fig. 4).
, , ,
. TORCH ,
46, XY .
: 3 3
3 6 ,
31 .
9 3.0 kg, 46.6 cm,
38.0 cm, 3
·
3-4
(Fig. 1B).
2
: 1,
:
: 39 , 29
.
, .
, 32 6
, 1,750 g .
(bag)
.
: (1,750 g, 25-50 ) (39.5
cm, 10-25 ) (26.5 cm, 10 )
.
, 4 cm
.
.
. ,
2 (Fig. 5A).
, .
.
: 29
,
(Fig. 6).
pH 7.04, PCO
2
84.5 mmHg, PO
2
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HCO
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-
23 mmol/L, SaO
2
39% .
, -
, ,
. 3
,
(Fig. 7).
.
.
, ,
(Fig. 5B).
.
43 CT ,
, (Fig.
8A),
Fig. 4. Brain CT shows (A) poorly ossified thin skull bone, (B) large anterior fontanelle and
sutures, thin parietal bone, cephalhematoma in left parietal area.
J Korean Soc Neonatol 2012;19:146-153
http://dx.doi.org/10.5385/jksn.2012.19.3.146
149
(Fig. 8B). (8.6
mg/dL), (4.3 mg/dL), alkaline phosphatase (121 U/L)
,
. TORCH , 46,
XX .
:
. 8
, 14
.
, 20
sildenafil
. 2
. 36
, 45
.
, 49
.
Fig. 5. (A) Patient 2 shows a prominent forehead, sparse hair especially in frontal area, a
small pointed nose with thin blue colored skin down to the upper lip, chubby cheeks, a small
mouth, low set of ears, and micro- and retrognathia. (B) Preoperative photography shows
diffuse corneal edema, cloudy central cornea, and microphthalmia.
Fig. 6. Antenatal ultrasonography at 29 weeks of gestation shows (A) short,
thin femur, (B) a small mouth and nose, and chubby cheeks (arrows).
Fig. 7. Simple radiography shows mild cardiomegaly, short and thin
of clavicle, ribs, humerus and other tubular bones, and pathologic
fractures of both proximal radius.
150
YE Chol, et al.
Two Cases of Hallermann-Streiff Syndrome Diagnosed
Hallermann-Streiff Hallermann-Streiff-Fran
ç
ois
syndrome, Fran
ç
ois syndrome, oculomandibulodyscephaly,
Fran
ç
ois dyscephalic syndrome oculomandibulofacial
syndrome . 1948 Hallermann
Fig. 8. (A) Brain CT shows large anterior fontanelle and sutures, thin parietal bone. (B) Neck
CT shows thick fatty tissue in neck.
Table 1. Comparison of Phenotype between Previously Reported Eight Cases with Hallermann-Streiff Syndrome in Korea and the Authors’ Two
Cases
References 1 2 3 4 5 6 7,8* 9 Case 1 Case 2
Age 17 Y 20 Y 15 Y 3 M 34 Y 1 D 5 Y 54 Y 2 D 1 D
Gender Female Male Male Male Female Male Female Male Male Female
Family history - - - - - - - - - -
Bird face + + + + + + + + + +
Dental anomaly + + + - + + + + + +
Nanism + + - + + + + + + +
Hypotrichosis + + + + - - + + + +
Skin atrophy - + + - - - - + +
Microphthalmos + + + - + + + - + +
Cataract + + + + - + - - + +
Other
- - - - + - + + - +
MR - - + - + -
Ear anomaly - + - - - - - - - -
Simian line - - - + - + - - + -
Hyperthyroidism + + - - - -
Bone hypoplasia + + + + - + + +
Heart defects - - - - - + - - +
Chromosome 46, XY 46, XX 46, XY 46, XY 46, XX
Chubby cheeks + +
Antenatal US
+ +
*Same case reported twice independently.
Other ocular anomaly such as aphakia, blepharoptosis, epiblepharon, entropion, intraocular hypertension, nystagmus, strabismus, etc.
Antenatally detected characteristic ultrasonogrphic findings of long bone and face.
Two additional characteristics below the dotted line include chubby cheeks and antenatal sonographic findings from a face and a long bone, which have
not been mentioned in previous reports.
Abbreviations: Y, years; M, months; D, day; MR, mental retardation; US, ultrasonography.
J Korean Soc Neonatol 2012;19:146-153
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151
2 ,
1950 Streiff 1
Franceschetti Zwahlen-type
mandibulo-facial dysostosis
, 1958 Fran
ç
ois 22
10)
. 1960 Falls Schull
11)
Hallermann-Streiff
syndrome , 1970 Steel Bass
12)
51
, 1975 Golomb Porter
13)
80 .
1 8
1-9)
.
.
,
10 (arm of chromosome) , 16qh+ ,
GJA1
,
,
14,15)
.
3,5,6,14)
, , TORCH
.
. 1 33 ,
2 45 39 .
( , , )
16)
.
,
, ,
.
, ( ) ,
, .
(brachycephaly) ,
.
1:1 .
, (scaphocephaly),
(microcephaly) (platybasia)
4,6,17)
.
,
,
.
, 2 CT
,
.
,
(90%) (80%)
. , ,
, , , ,
, , , , , ,
5,7,9)
. 80% ,
.
,
4,6,18)
.
, ,
2 .
80% ,
,
,
.
5,18)
.
10)
,
, (caf
é
-au-lait spot)
19)
.
, , ,
.
, 3% . 2/3
, , , ,
19)
.
,
20)
.
6)
. ,
.
, ,
.
, 8
1 2 3
152
YE Chol, et al.
Two Cases of Hallermann-Streiff Syndrome Diagnosed
, 6 5 54 .
.
, ,
,
.
(progeria), (mandibulofacial
dysostosis), (cleidocranial dystosis),
(oculodentodigital dysplasia), Rothmund-Thomson
, Bloom , Wiedemann-Rautenstrauch
Seckel .
, Rothmund-Thomson Bloom
.
Wiedemann-Rautenstrauch Seckel
, Seckel
17,18)
.
. , ,
,
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.
1 , 2
.
2 CT ,
,
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(microstomia), , ( , ,
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.
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.
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