Probiotics are live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit to the host. Currently, seven different bacterial genera are used as probiotics. The extensive investigation of probiotic microbes is mostly because of their promising health benefits. They have a broad spectrum of health benefits that range from gut restoration to disease treatment and from the eradication of pathogens to increasing the shelf life of food. The production of antimicrobial substances like bacteriocins can also enhance their usage potential. Probiotics are used in medical practices, clinical settings, agriculture, aquaculture, disease treatment, enhancing host functionality, improving mental health, the food industry, healthcare industries, and beautification. Due to the overwhelming effects, the medicinal aspects of probiotics are also explored, and surprisingly, they were found to be astounding. Strains from different sources, both in single and multiple forms, with different formulations and a vast route of administration, are used for the treatment of digestive, respiratory, and other diseases. Unlike medicine, there are no strict criteria, but different guidelines are proposed that must be followed while administering probiotic products. The most commonly used probiotics for medicinal purposes are from Lactobacillus, while strains from other sources are also used. Some often, i.e., blotting, mild gas production, and headaches, and others, like sepsis and infections, are the rare, documented shortcomings in the medicinal potential of probiotics. The medicinal potential of probiotics can be advanced by using state-of-the-art technologies that focus on accurate strain identification, deep genomic analysis, and the design of new probiotic strains with the desired properties. The application of artificial intelligence can also help in their advancement. This chapter will explain the potential of probiotics as medicine, shed light on their therapeutic potential, the advantages and disadvantages of using probiotics as therapeutic agents, and explain the guidelines that help consumers while taking probiotics as medicine. Moreover, the Islamic perspective of probiotics as medicine is also elucidated.