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Abstract
In the present paper, three dictyotalean brown algae (Dictyopteris lucida, Dictyota cyanoloma, and Padina pavonicoides) are reported for the first time from Turkey. D. cyanoloma and P. pavonicoides are also reported for the first time from the eastern Mediterranean Sea. The species were collected in the sublittoral zone near İzmir (Aegean coast of Turkey). The data concerning the habitat and morphology of these species are presented.
... Several misidentifications and unconfirmed records as well as recent findings of new species suggest that there are still significant gaps in the knowledge of seaweed diversity of the Eastern Mediterranean basin . Indeed, a recent increase in phycological expeditions and overall research effort in the Eastern basin have revealed numerous new macroalgal records, in particular for Greece such as Discosporangium mesarthrocarpum (Tsirika and Haritonidis 2005), Cystoseira schiffneri (as Cystoseira foeniculacea f. schiffneri), Sebdenia dichotoma (Tsiamis et al. 2013) and Cystoseira funkii , Cyprus (Tsiamis et al. 2014) and Turkey (Taşkın 2008, 2013b, Taşkın and Özturk 2007, 2008. The TOTAL Foundation-funded consortium project has revealed numerous new records for the Eastern Mediterranean (see below for representative examples), and also two new species, Padina ditristromatica and Padina pavonicoides (Ni Ni et al. 2011). ...
... from the Adriatic Sea (Rozic et al. 2012). In Turkey, apart from the first record of Ulonema rhizophorum (Taşkın 2013a), new records of three Dictyotalean (Taşkın 2013b) and other marine algae (Taşkın 2013;Taşkın and Özturk 2007Taşkın and Özturk , 2008Taşkın and Özturk , 2013 as well as a list of the Phaeophyceae of the country (Taşkın and Özturk 2013) have been published. A revised and updated checklist of the seaweeds and seagrasses of the Egyptian Mediterranean coast, based on literature records, was also recently provided (Shabaka 2018). ...
... distichophylla being recorded for the first time for Cyprus (Çicek et al. 2013) and Greece, where it has been documented to occur over an exceptionally wide depth range from the surface to at least 100 m (Aplikioti et al. 2016). This work also resulted in the first records of Dictyota cyanoloma in the Eastern Mediterranean (Taşkın 2013b) and Greece (Küpper et al. 2019). Tsioli and Orfanidis have recently published new records of alien species from the North Aegean Sea (e.g. ...
This article provides a topical review of East Mediterranean phycology and seagrass biology, with a special focus on the outcomes of the multi-year project “Brown algal biodiversity and ecology in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea” supported by the TOTAL Foundation. Following a general overview of East Mediterranean seaweed biogeography and taxonomy, the review covers seagrasses, deep-water (circalittoral) macroalgal diversity, pathogens and algal defence, human impacts and biotic indices, alien species as well as the papers of this special issue.
... Herbarium species sequenced in this study from Cannes (1999) and Barcelona (2005) precede this record. Records within the NE-Atlantic were noted for Aveiro (Barbara et al., 2014) and A Coruña (Barbara et al., 2014;Peña et al., 2014) and SW Britain (2014) (Taskin, 2013). Next to these published records, evidence based on photographs searchable on the internet indicated the presence of D. cyanoloma in Greece and Sicily (Supplementary Table 2S). ...
... Other herbarium records from Cannes (1999) and Barcelona (2005) were confirmed to be genuine D. cyanoloma and all pre-date the finding of Rull Lluch et al. (2007). Since the publication of Tronholm et al. (2010), species observations (UK, Greece, Sicily) and published records (Taskin, 2013;Barbara et al., 2014;Peña et al., 2014) increased steadily, with reports for the North-east Atlantic until the eastern Mediterranean and Macaronesia. The question remains as to whether D. cyanoloma was unreported until about a decade ago despite being widespread in southern Europe or whether the species only spread recently despite being locally present in the Mediterranean Sea for several decades. ...
ABSTRACTDictyota cyanoloma has recently been described from the Mediterranean Sea and Macaronesia but doubt had arisen as to whether this species was truly native in Europe. The species is mainly found on non-natural substrata (harbour walls, marinas, boat hulls, etc.), strongly suggesting that it is an introduction. Molecular sequence information from historical herbarium samples proves the presence of D. cyanoloma in the Adriatic Sea as early as 1935. Since approximately the year 2000, however, the number of records as well as the geographic range of the species has expanded significantly. The present-day distribution of D. cyanoloma occupies most of the Mediterranean Sea, Macaronesia, NW Africa and southern Portugal, but recent records from Galicia and SW England (Falmouth, Cornwall) indicate that the species is rapidly expanding northward. Collections from Australia demonstrated that the species is also present from Perth in Western Australia, over much of the southern Australian coastline up to Mi
... Moreover, in both species, the hair lines are disposed on both surfaces, but in P. gymnospora are more conspicuous in the lower portion of the thallus close to the holdfast. Our finding of P. pavonicoides in Sicily is the first report of this species for the Italian coast, representing a connecting line between previous reports: to the west, both in France (Ni-Ni-Win et al. 2011a) and Spain (Ni-Ni-Win et al. 2011a, Gómez Gómez et al. 2015 and, to the east in Turkey (Taskin 2013). This suggests that this species may have a wider distribution in the Mediterranean. ...
This study aimed to expand knowledge on the distribution and biodiversity of the genus Padina in Sicily and in the Mediterranean Sea. Thanks to the studies of samples collected along the Sicilian coast and the re-examination of herbarium specimens labelled as Padina pavonica, we reported the following five species in Sicily: P. ditristromatica, P. gymnospora, P. pavonica, P. pavonicoides and P. tetrastromatica. Particularly, we documented the first supported occurrence of P. gymnospora in the Mediterranean Sea and the first finding of P. pavonicoides and P. tetrastromatica along the Italian coast. Furthermore, a new key was created for the identification of all species belonging to the genus Padina present in the Mediterranean Sea today.
... Several misidentifications and unconfirmed records as well as recent findings of new species suggest still significant gaps in the knowledge of seaweed diversity of the eastern Mediterranean basin . Indeed, a recent increase in phycological expeditions and overall research effort in the eastern basin has revealed numerous new macroalgal records, in particular for Greece such as Discosporangium mesarthrocarpum (Meneghini) Hauck (Tsirika and Haritonidis 2005), Cystoseira schiffneri Hamel [as Cystoseira foeniculacea f. schiffneri (Hamel) Gómez Garreta, Barceló, Ribera et Rull Lluch], and Cystoseira funkii Schiffner ex Gerloff et Nizamuddin , Cyprus (Tsiamis et al. 2014) and Turkey (Taskin and Ozturk 2007, 2008, Taskin 2008, 2013. Recent findings also include numerous new records of alien species (Tsiamis et al. 2010(Tsiamis et al. , 2013, with Caulerpa taxifolia var. ...
Parts of the macroalgal flora of the eastern Mediterranean remain incompletely known. This applies in particular to the circalittoral communities. This study, based upon 2 cruises in the Ionian and Aegean Seas, surveyed benthic communities from 40 to 150 m depth by remotely-operated vehicle (ROV) with a special focus on detecting communities of the Mediterranean deep-water kelp Laminaria rodriguezii . These were complemented by shallow-water surveys on adjacent coastlines by snorkelling and scuba diving. While no kelp could be detected at any of the sites surveyed, ROV surveys of northern Euboia Island revealed the first east Mediterranean record of Sebdenia monnardiana (Sebdeniales, Rhodophyta). Snorkelling surveys on the coast of southeast Kefalonia yielded the first record of the alien alga Dictyota cyanoloma in Greece. This paper reports rbc L and SSU sequences for Sebdenia monnardiana , and COI for Dictyota cyanoloma.
... The type of D. cyanoloma was a specimen from Palamós harbour (Girona, Spain), and new records of D. cyanoloma from the Canary Islands, Morocco, Madeira, Açores, Southern Portugal, Aegean coast, Adriatic Sea, French Mediterranean, Great �rittany and Spanish North Atlantic coasts were soon reported (Taskin, 2013;�árbara et al., 2014;Santolaria, 2014;Steen et al., 2016). Steen et al. (2016), based on phylogenetic affinities, haplotype networks and global distributions of Dictyota species, concluded that the species is non-native in the Mediterranean and North Atlantic regions and indicated Australia as its native region. ...
Dictyota cyanoloma, a distinctive brown algal species characterized by a blue-iridescent margin, was recently reported as an introduced species in the Mediterranean Sea (Steen et al., 2016) but little is known about its distribution dynamics, morphological plasticity and genetic structure. In the present integrative study, we evaluate its past and present occurrence along the Mediterranean Iberian coast, assess the species’ phenology in Palamós (Girona, Spain) and analyze the haplotype diversity by sequencing 49 individuals from nine sampling sites for different chloroplast and mitochondrial DNA regions. Although D. cyanoloma currently occurs along the Mediterranean Iberian coast (in 19 of 36 localities sampled between Algeciras and Llançà, mostly in marinas and harbour environments), we were not able to find any herbarium material of this species (at BCN-Phyc and MA) predating the year 1987. In Palamós, D. cyanoloma is present all through the year, with a maximum development in winter and a minimum in summer. Fertile specimens are absent during summer (July and August). Sporophytes are dominant from January to June and dioecious gametophytes were found only in February, March and June. Information about the antheridia, which has never been described before, is provided. Two chloroplast and three mitochondrial haplotypes were observed, indicating that multiple introductions of D. cyanoloma occurred in the study area. Additionally, the genetic structure suggests that spread did not occur through simple advancing wave fronts but by several long-distance dispersal events. Further studies employing microsatellite markers could potentially offer a better resolution to unravel expansion and colonisation dynamics of D. cyanoloma in the Mediterranean Sea.
... The species with the lowest number of reports were Polyandrocarpa zorritensis, which had been found in two Italian harbours [83], and Dictyota cyanoloma, a species that is suspected to be an introduction but that the region of origin is still unknown. Other Mediterranean localities for D. cyanoloma outside Catalonia are Izmir (Turkey) [84] and Split (Zuljevic, personal communication). ...
The Mediterranean Sea is especially prone to the introduction of alien species due to an intense marine traffic, the connection with the Red Sea through the Suez Canal and intensive aquaculture. Catalonia, a region in the Northwestern Mediterranean, began an extensive study on the presence, distribution and impact of invasive macroalgae in 1992, which was extended to all macrobenthic alien species by 2007. Gathering all presence and abundance data of introduced species from the monitoring, we also calculated a Biopollution Level (BPL) index to assess the magnitude of the effects of introduced species on the marine biota at a local level (water body) as required by Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD). Seventeen alien species have been identified although only three can be considered so far as threatening in non-modified environments: the green alga Caulerpa cylindracea and the red algae Womersleyella setacea and Asparagopsis armata. These species show an uneven distribution along the coast but sometimes coexist in the same water body. The impact of alien species on native communities was never severe as shown by the low values obtained using the BPL. The only species triggering a moderate to strong impact was Caulerpa cylindracea but it only affected a single water body. However, C. cylindracea exhibited a great temporal variability on its abundance, with sudden collapses of its populations, which also caused a great variability in the BPL. Future monitoring of the coasts of Catalonia is advised as there is an increase in the number of water bodies affected by alien species and an increase in their abundances from 2007 to 2012.
... Therefore, the main aim of this study was to carry out a detailed phenologic study of this species, as well as to describe the antheridia, which were unknown up until today. So far, D. cyanoloma has been reported from Canary Islands, Madeira, Azores, Portugal, Adriatic Sea (Tronholm et al., 2010) and Turkey (Taskin, 2013). Most of these citations correspond to harbours and surroundings. ...
In the framework of the MedMPAnet Project, we aimed at developing a monitoring protocol for the habitat type 1120 Posidonia beds to assist Croatia in fulfilling the requirements of the Habitats Directive. Field activities for assessing the status of Posidonia oceanica meadows were carried out in five sites within the Primorje-Gorski Kotar County (Northern Adriatic Sea). At each site, the survey was performed at nine stations and three different depths. Non-destructive sampling was done using traditional descriptors widely applied in nearly all Mediterranean P. oceanica monitoring programmes. Shoot density and the surface of different substrate types were assessed in the field; percentage covers of live P. oceanica and dead matte were then used to calculate the Conservation Index (CI). Values of density and CI were averaged for each station and each bathymetric range, then plotted to obtain an overview of the status of the investigated meadows. Meadows were then classified according to the values of density and the descriptors of lower limit (depth, type and coverage) following standard thresholds used in the Mediterranean to get information on conservation status of the meadows.
Posidonia oceanica meadows showed clear signs of deterioration in three sites, two of them being close to direct sources of anthropogenic pressures. The collected data are preliminary and could serve as a baseline for future 6-year surveillance cycles within the framework of national monitoring programme to report status of this priority habitat according to the provisions of the EU Habitats Directive.
This study contains an updated checklist and new collections of marine algae from the coasts of the Aegean Sea and the Levantine Sea of Turkey. A total of 573 marine algal taxa at specific and infraspecific levels (137 brown algae, 318 red algae, and 118 green algae) are reported, 32 of which are regarded as endangered or threatened macroalgae (four green algae, nine red algae, and 19 brown algae). Of these, 36 taxa (10 brown algae, 17 red algae, nine green algae) are recorded as alien on the Aegean and Levantine coasts. In the present study, the red alga Palisada maris-rubri is reported for the first time from the eastern Mediterranean Sea for Turkey. In Iskenderun Bay, species were sampled from 1 m depth on a volcanic rock in May 2016.
Padina distristromatica Ni-Ni-Win & H. Kawai and Padina pavonicoides Ni-Ni-Win & H. Kawai, two species recently described from the Mediterranean Sea, are reported for the first time from the coasts of the Iberian Peninsula, and the former also from the Balearic Islands. In this paper new data are provided for both species, especially cell dimensions. The indusium features, which are proposed as new taxonomical character for P. distristromatica, as well as the lack of stolon-like structures in this species, are considered useful features for distinguishing P. distristromatica from P. pavonica. A distribution map of both species in the Spanish coasts is also provided.
The ethanol extracts from the fresh-water algae; Chara hispida L., Cladophora glomerata (Dilw.) Kütz, C. fracta (Dilw.) Kütz, Spirogyra gratiana Transeau, Mougeotia sp. (C.A. Agardh), Vaucheria sessilis (Vauch.) De Candolle, Geminella mutabilis (Breb.) Wille, the fresh-water plants; Ranunculus rionii Lagger and Ceratophyllum demersum L., as well as the marine algae; Sciniaia furcellata (Turn.) J. Agardh, Dictyota dichotoma (Huds.) Lam., Padina vickersiae Hoyt, Halopteris scoparia (L.) Sauvagau, and the sea grass; Posidonia oceanica (L.) Dell. were assessed in vitro for their antioxidant and anti-acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity test at 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg ml -1 and ferric-reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP) at 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg ml -1 concentrations. Total phenolic contents of the extracts were determined using Folin-Ciocalteau's reagent. The extracts were further analyzed qualitatively by LC-DAD-MS. S. gratiana had the best antioxidant activity, followed by R. rionii. LC-DAD-MS showed rich gallic acid and its ethyl ester contents in S. gratiana , while prosperous vitamin C content has been detected in P. oceanica for the first time in this study. S. gratiana possessed the highest inhibition (42.5±2.28%) at 2.0 mg ml -1 against AChE.
A study of the genus Padina in the Mediterranean Sea, based on detailed morphological and molecular analyses using chloroplast rbcL and mitochondrial cox3 gene sequences, as well as RuBisCO spacer and partial rbcS sequences, revealed the presence of two new species, P. ditristromatica Ni-Ni-Win & H. Kawai and P. pavonicoides Ni-Ni-Win & H. Kawai. They are two to three-layered and three-layered species, respectively. Padina ditristromatica is characterized by a thallus composed of two cell layers from the marginal portion to the inrolled margin and a mixture of two and three layers in the other portions; heavy calcification on both surfaces of the thallus except for the hair lines; alternating hair lines that are spaced at unequal distances between the upper and lower surfaces; and broad indusiate oogonial and tetrasporangial sori forming broken lines or patches arranged in a concentric row, which are distally close to the hair lines and half immersed in the epidermis layer only on the lower surface. Padina pavonicoides is characterized by a thallus composed of three cell layers from the base to the marginal portion and two layers at the inrolled margin; alternating hair lines that are spaced at equal distances between the upper and lower surfaces; and indusiate oogonial and tetrasporangial sori forming patches located distal to the hair lines only on the lower surface. All molecular phylogenetic analyses indicated that the new species are closely related to P. pavonica, a common species in the Mediterranean Sea. However, the cox3 region could not be amplified for P. ditristromatica. Therefore, the RuBisCO spacer and partial rbcS were analysed for the Mediterranean specimens in order to confirm their identity as well as their closest relationships. The combined rbcL, RuBisCO spacer and partial rbcS data also support their genetic separation and show that P. pavonica is more closely related to P. pavonicoides than P. ditristromatica, as in other molecular analyses.
A new species of Dictyopteris, D. lucida Ribera Siguan, Gomez Garreta, Perez Ruzafa, Barcelo Marti & Rull Lluch, sp. nov., is described from the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands. Dictyopteris lucida is mainly characterized by mostly monostromatic blades that become bilayered adjacent to the multilayered midribs, and by the aggregation of sporangia into two thick continuous lines running parallel and adjacent to the midribs on both faces of the fronds. Other distinguishing features are its delicate and diaphanous texture, coralloid rhizoids that arise locally from the frond margins. hair tufts arranged in longitudinal rows parallel to the midribs, the presence of marginal teeth and an absence of lateral veins. Antheridia and oogonia are unknown. The new species usually occurs from 3 to 40 m depth and rarely in intertidal pools along the Mediterranean and Atlantic coasts of Spain.
Taxonomy of the brown algal genus Dictyota has a long and troubled history. Our inability to distinguish morphological plasticity from fixed diagnostic traits that separate the various species has severely confounded species delineation. From continental Europe, more than 60 species and intraspecific taxa have been described over the last two centuries. Using a molecular approach, we addressed the diversity of the genus in European waters and made necessary taxonomic changes. A densely sampled DNA data set demonstrated the presence of six evolutionarily significant units (ESUs): Dictyota dichotoma (Huds.) J. V. Lamour., D. fasciola (Roth) J. V. Lamour., D. implexa J. V. Lamour., D. mediterranea (Schiffn.) G. Furnari, D. spiralis Mont., and the newly described D. cyanoloma sp. nov., which was previously reported as D. ciliolata from the Mediterranean Sea. Species distributions, based on DNA-confirmed occurrence records, indicate that all species are geographically confined to the NE Atlantic Ocean with the exception of D. dichotoma and D. implexa, which also occur in South Africa and Bermuda, respectively. To investigate potential hybridization between D. dichotoma and D. implexa, which were previously shown to be sexually compatible in culture, we compiled and analyzed sets of mitochondrial, plastid, and nuclear markers to detect putative hybrids or introgression in natural populations. Failure to detect natural hybrids indicates that effective pre- and postzygotic isolation mechanisms are at play in natural populations and supports the by-product hypothesis of reproductive isolation.
Includes 8 species and 3 varieties: Dictyota dichotoma, D. dichotoma var. implexa, D. linearis, D. divaricata, Dilophus spiralis, D. fasciola, D. fasciola var. repens, D. mediterraneus, D. mediterraneus var. crassus, Dictyopteris membranacea, Padina pavonia. -from English summary
The presence of Dictyota ciliolata (Dictyotales, Phaeophyceae) on the coasts of the Iberian Peninsula is reported. D. ciliolata is a tropical to subtropical species mainly distributed along the coasts of the Atlantic and Indian oceans. Although it occurs in areas next to the Mediterranean, like the Red Sea and the Atlantic coasts of Morocco, Canary Islands and Madeira, D. ciliolata had not been previously reported from the Mediterranean Sea. A morphological and anatomical comparison of the Iberian specimens of this species with those of other geographical areas, as well as with other similar species of Dictyota occurring in the Mediterranean Sea, is provided.
The DNA-localizing fluorochrome DAPI (4′, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) and chicken erythrocytes standard (RBC) were used with image analysis and static microspectrophotometry to estimate nuclear DNA contents in 14 species and varieties of Dictyotales from the Atlantic Ocean (Spain and USA) and the Mediterranean Sea (Spain). Negligible differences were found between specimens fixed in Carnoy's solution (EtOH) and methanol-Carnoy's (methacarn). Present and previously published nuclear DNA content estimates expand our database to include 17 species and varieties representing seven genera with a 2C range of 0.7 – 1.7 pg. Intraplant variation (endopolyploidy) was observed in most isolates and 8C nuclei were quantified in five species. In four species, fluorescence intensity (If) levels in 2C gametophyte nuclei were found to closely approximate 50% of 4C values in vegetative cells of mature sporophytes, consistent with meiosis and a sexual life history in diplobiontic algae. Availability of consensus higher-level phylogenetic trees for Dictyotales has opened the way for determining evolutionary trends in DNA amounts. Both estimated genome sizes and published chromosome numbers for Dictyotales suggest that evolution in the order was accompanied by multiple, discrete polyploidy events which are largely obscured by subsequent small scale loss or gain of chromosomes (aneuploidy). Members of the genus Dictyota are characterized by a narrow range of 2C genome sizes (0.7–0.9 pg) relative to other Dictyotales investigated (1.0–1.7 pg).
Dictyota is a genus of tropical to warm temperate brown algae characterized by parenchymatous, flattened thalli that grow from a single, transversely oriented apical cell. Dictyota is currently distinguished from allied genera of the tribe Dictyoteae (Dilophus, Glossophora, Glossophorella, and Pachydictyon) by the structure of the cortical and medullary layers, as well as the relative abundance of surface proliferations. Even though the traditional classification of the Dictyoteae has repeatedly been criticized in the past, the absence of sound molecular data has so far discouraged any new taxonomic proposals apart from a merger of Dilophus with Dictyota, which has been accepted by only part of the phycological community. Phylogenetic analysis of rbcL gene, partial 26S rDNA sequence, and combined data sets, including four of five generitypes, demonstrates that the traditional classification does not accurately reflect the evolutionary history of the group. None of the genera are resolved as a monophyletic clade. Hence, a merger of Glossophora, Glossophorella, and Pachydictyon in Dictyota is proposed. Two new genera, Canistrocarpus (incorporating D. cervicornis, D. crispata, and D. magneana) and Rugulopteryx (accommodating D. radicans, Dil. suhrii, and Dil. marginata), are proposed. Both genera are supported by molecular indications and a combination of reproductive and vegetative characters. The position of Dil. fastigiatus as a clade sister to Dictyota s.l. and the absence of Dil. gunnianus, the generitype of Dilophus, from the analyses, prevented us from making a more definite statement on the status of the latter genus.
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