The present article reviews, from a critical, theoretical standpoint, the 'semiotic of Culture' that leading colonialist Walter Mignolo undertook to construct in his early works. These works combined classical structuralism, which promotes an objective approach to literature, with its inverted, equally positivist counterpart, hermeneutics, which foregrounds the role of the subject. Both projects collapse at the point where they run up against the existence of an all-encompassing 'ideology'. Their underlying ahistorical, neo-Kantian idealism secretly nurtures a 'resistance to theory', based on a flawed philosophy of science. We play off this neo-Kantian idealism at all points against the critical realism of Althusserian Marxism, which theorizes the notion of an 'ideological unconscious'. On the latter's terms, as expounded by the Marxist scholar, Juan Carlos Rodriguez, not all ideological discourses operate, historically, through the category of the subject. The epic, essay and autobiography serve to illustrate the contrasting critical approaches under review.