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Hermeneutic phenomenological research method simplified
Abstract
This write-up aims to first clarify the notion of phenomenology by offering sayings of different experts of this genre. Thereafter, it attempts to briefly trace its genesis and classify this broad idea in three different schools viz. transcendental, hermeneutic and existential. After discussing very precisely on each of these schools, it focuses on the premises of hermeneutic phenomenology as a method for doing research. The purpose of this essay is to collect and exhibit a crude paradigmatic clue of doing a hermeneutic phenomenological research. During the course, it emphasizes on the metaphysical stance, methodological grounds, quality concerns and ethical issues that contribute to its paradigmatic assumptions. Bodhi: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 5, 2011, Page 181-200 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/bodhi.v5i1.8053
... The researchers, promoters and mental healthcare lecturers discussed the interview guide to ensure the strength, depth, richness and orientation towards cultural and religious illnesses. 19 In-depth individual interviews were used to collect data. The researchers used a voice recorder to capture the data with the participants' permission. ...
... The researchers also assured them that participation was voluntary and that they were free to withdraw any time after agreeing to participate in the study. 19 The researchers ensured confidentiality by not recording the participants' names and institutions where they were providing mental healthcare services. The researchers ensured the participants that the information they provided on the understanding of cultural and religious illnesses was confidential and would remain between them, the researchers and the promoters. ...
Background: Cultural and religious illnesses such as spirit possessions are health conditions that are not easily understood by healthcare providers in mental healthcare service institutions. Mental health care providers’ understanding is guided by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5) that seems to not recognise cultural and religious illnesses as a disorder that needs distinct care. The study explored mental healthcare providers’ understanding of cultural and religious illnesses that could assist spirit-possessed persons to receive proper management and early referrals to traditional health practitioners and faith healers who are expects in cultural and religious illnesses.Methods: Hermeneutic phenomenology explored 12 mental healthcare providers’ understanding of cultural and religious illnesses. In-depth individual interviews were conducted with 12 mental healthcare providers who were selected through a purposive sampling technique. Data were collected from two mental healthcare institutions in the Gauteng province of South Africa that provide mental healthcare services. Data analysis followed Heidegger’s and Gadamer’s philosophies and Van Manen’s six steps.Results: The findings revealed that mental healthcare providers understood cultural and religious illnesses as mental illness that is unclassified, a calling for a person to become a traditional health practitioner, a demonic spirit and/or witchcraft. The term ‘unclassified disorder’ denotes that there are no specific criteria that could be used to classify an illness.Conclusion: Understanding of cultural and religious illnesses could assist mental healthcare providers that ill-nesses that do not respond to psychiatric treatment can be referred to traditional health practitioners with expert cultural and religious assessment.Contribution: The study could assist MHCPs to acknowledge and take culture and religion into account when providing care to person with cultural and religious illness. Considering the culture and religion of the spir-it-possessed person could be an attempt to move towards a holistic understanding of health needs that highlight the continuous connections between mind, body, and soul.
... In this study, phenomenon refers to the school principals' experiences regarding online learning practices during the pandemic. Phenomenology, as a research method, focuses on individuals' experiences with a goal of examining phenomenon as experienced by people through their stories (Kafle, 2013). The phenomenological approach also helps interpret the experiences of participants by revealing the details within an individual's experience that may otherwise go unnoticed (Kafle, 2013). ...
... Phenomenology, as a research method, focuses on individuals' experiences with a goal of examining phenomenon as experienced by people through their stories (Kafle, 2013). The phenomenological approach also helps interpret the experiences of participants by revealing the details within an individual's experience that may otherwise go unnoticed (Kafle, 2013). Thus, the lens of phenomenology allows for a better depiction of the essence of experiences through the process of meaning-making. ...
The COVID-19 pandemic impacted the schooling processes in K-12 systems. Principals navigated many challenges both during remote online learning and after returning to in-person education. This study explored the processes that 11 charter high school principals experienced during the pandemic. Using thematic analysis of interview data from 11 school principals, researchers aimed to understand how urban school principals’ perceptions towards online education practices in underprivileged communities have changed towards both online learning and schooling in general during the covid-19 pandemic. The goal of this examination is to then make recommendations for systemic reform. Five themes emerged: 1) school principals’ differing experiences with online learning during the pandemic, 2) challenges and opportunities in transitioning to online learning during the pandemic, 3) equity problems, 4) perspectives of school principals on online learning during the pandemic, and 5) shifts in school principals’ perceptions of online learning. Findings suggest important implications for principals, district leaders, policymakers, and researchers.
... Electronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=5053728 P r e p r i n t n o t p e e r r e v i e w e d Kutsyuruba (2023), Kafle (2011), andLaverty (2003). This approach allows researchers to pose probing questions and uncover fundamental elements of shared experiences among participants. ...
... Maintaining high research quality is crucial, aligning with Heidegger's goal of entering the participant's world and interpreting their experiences. This approach allows for identifying all possible meanings through sustained interpretation, reflexivity, and reading (Kafle, 2011;Laverty, 2003;McConnell-Henry et al., 2009). ...
This paper highlights the unique features of hermeneutic phenomenology, a methodology that can significantly enhance qualitative research. It is an investigative approach deeply rooted in
philosophical and psychological foundations (Buber, 1958; Marcel, 1983; Schutz, 1967). The core principles of phenomenology distinguish it from other methodologies, such as empathy, receptiveness, life viewed as an enigma, and the researcher’s duty to fully engage with and for the participant throughout the process. The term ‘phenomenology’ is a blend of phenomenon (observable events grasped by the mind) and logos (the human capacity for clear thinking and articulation) (Vivilaki & Johnson, 2008). It is broadly understood as an investigative approach or philosophical standpoint where all truths are revealed through self-awareness; this method explains the ‘rational interpretation of a phenomenon.’ Hermeneutic phenomenology requires researchers to acknowledge and strive to set aside their predispositions while posing relevant, incisive queries to reveal and interpret the fundamental aspects of participants’ collective experiences. This article aims to demonstrate how hermeneutic phenomenology is a promising methodological tool to empirically amplify the voices of historically marginalized groups. We elucidate this strategy’s philosophical and methodological tenets, emphasizing the ethical considerations guiding our research to ensure the integrity of the methodology. We present a comprehensive, detailed illustration of hermeneutic phenomenology from our previous study, including the research question, data collection methods, data analysis procedures, and outcomes to provide a practical understanding of the process. This pragmatic understanding serves as a clear roadmap for researchers interested in adopting the hermeneutic phenomenological approach to illuminate the narratives of historically marginalized populations.
... We chose hermeneutic phenomenology as the research methodology (Kafle, 2013;Nakkula & Ravitch, 1998). It aims to uncover underlying meanings not immediately apparent and understand individuals' everyday experiences through narrative storytelling (van Manen, 1997b). ...
... This stage aimed to answer the central question of how African-American female doctoral students experience maladaptive behaviours in response to gendered racism at PWIs. Stage Four involved the synthesis of themes from the previous stages, guided by the hermeneutic circle-an iterative process of interpretation where we considered individual elements in light of the whole text and vice versa (Kafle, 2013). Finally, in Stage Five, we illuminated and illustrated the phenomena, providing insights into how participants currently experience maladaptive behaviours to cope with gendered racism. ...
This phenomenological study critiques the limited understanding of how African American women confront gendered racism at one predominantly white institution in the United States. It also challenges the disciplinary conversation around maladaptive behaviours, which often attributes the onus and blame to the individual. Rather than replicate or perpetuate deficit‐oriented frameworks or analysis of African American women's behaviours, this research counters the narrative of maladaptive behaviours as merely personal failures, arguing instead that these behaviours are responses to a gendered and racist system. The authors draw from Black feminist thought and self‐efficacy theory to examine the ways in which African American women in doctoral programmes may perceive and respond to racist environments and circumstances that could prevent their persistence and achievements. Findings suggest that African American women in doctoral programmes exhibit maladaptive behaviours such as avoidance, anticipatory rejection, negative self‐talk, and survival mode when coping with gendered racism in university environments. These strategies may have sufficed earlier in the academic careers of African American women; however, due to the specialised nature of doctoral study, the overutilisation of these tactics and behaviours may be impacting individuals maladaptively. Furthermore, the long‐term effects of continuous maladaptive behaviours can have further implications for the individual and collective success of African American women in academia. Given the multifaceted nature of African American women, this study seeks to expand knowledge about their actions and behaviours in response to systemic challenges. It calls for a reorientation of our understanding of maladaptation.
Context and implication
Rationale for this study
This study explores the maladaptive behaviours of African American women in doctoral programmes at predominantly white institutions (PWIs), focusing on how gendered racism influences these behaviours.
Why the new findings matter
The findings illuminate the specific ways in which gendered racism fosters maladaptive behaviours, which in turn affect the psychological well‐being and academic success of African American women.
Implications for practitioners, policy‐makers, and academic institutions
The study underscores the urgent need for systemic changes within academic environments to support African American women effectively. It calls for institutions to not only recognise but actively address the root causes of gendered racism. By doing so, they can dismantle the structures that perpetuate these challenges and foster a more inclusive and supportive educational landscape. This involves reevaluating institutional policies, enhancing support mechanisms, and integrating comprehensive training for faculty members and staff to understand and combat gendered racism. Ultimately, this approach aims to transform academic cultures to ensure that African American women can thrive without resorting to maladaptive coping strategies.
... The bias towards the chosen languages was because they are the ones most spoken within the province. Therefore, both theoretical and practical considerations formed the basis for the sampling choice [21,22]. ...
... The model posits that men will take action (e.g., screening) if they regard themselves as susceptible to developing PCa. Considering the complexity of PCa screening behaviors, individuals must first perceive the elevated risk of developing the disease and anticipate the positive outcomes they will gain by participating in regular screening uptake (perceived benefits) [20][21][22][23][24][25]. This model may offer useful insights in understanding potential facilitators and barriers for PCa screening among black South African men. ...
Men of African ancestry suffer disproportionately from prostate cancer (PCa) compared to other racial groups in South Africa. Equally concerning is that black South African men generally present later and with higher stages and grades of the disease than their non-black counterparts. Despite this, a small percentage of black South African men participate in screening practices for PCa. This study sought to explore knowledge and beliefs of black South African PCa survivors, and the potential impact of this on the limited screening uptake within this population group. A hermeneutic phenomenological study design was undertaken. The sample comprised 20 black South African PCa survivors, between the ages of 67 and 85 years (meanage = 76 yrs; SD = 5.3), receiving some form of treatment at a tertiary Academic Hospital, Limpopo Province, South Africa. The sample was selected through a purposive sampling method. Data for the study were collected through in-depth, semi-structured individual interviews and analyzed through interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). The findings demonstrated that black South African men had poor knowledge of PCa and that this may create an unfortunate system that precludes this population group from taking part in life-saving PCa screening services. The results highlight a need to elevate knowledge and awareness of PCa among black South African men and ultimately enhance screening practices.
... We chose hermeneutic phenomenology to expose hidden meanings and understand everyday experiences through narrative storytelling (Kafle, 2011;Nakkula & Ravich, 1998;van Manen, 1997). This approach emphasizes the experiences and (non)verbal communication of African American doctoral students at Anthony Michael University (AMU). ...
... This stage aimed to answer the central question of how African-American doctoral students experience same-raced peers at PWIs. Stage Four involved the synthesis of themes from the previous stages, guided by the hermeneutic circle-an iterative process of interpretation where we considered individual elements in light of the whole text and vice versa (Kafle, 2011). Finally, in Stage Five, we illuminated and illustrated the phenomena, providing insights into how participants currently experience same-raced peer groups. ...
This phenomenological study explores how 10 African American doctoral students experience their same-race peers at a predominantly white institution in the Midwest United States. The study utilized collectivism as a conceptual framework to understand how intra-racial peer groups contribute to African American doctoral students’ success during their academic journey. Applying Seidman's three-step interview process, each participant engaged in three semi-structured 90-minute sessions spread over an academic year. The study found the role of African American intra-racial peers as instrumental in several areas: acting as role models, serving as a means to combat isolation, fostering academic achievement, and emphasizing communal needs over individual desires. The study provides implications for understanding the importance of collectivism in the retention and success of African American doctoral students in today's sociopolitical climate and underscores the necessity to cultivate more collectivist approaches to creating inclusive and supportive academic environments for African American graduate students.
... Inevitably, the researcher brings their own subjectivity and preconceptions to the interpretive process. Other phenomenologists, such as Husserl, advocate what is termed 'bracketing out', meaning setting aside one's own beliefs and assumptions and avoiding interpretation through one's own biases and pre-assumptions (Kafle 2013). However, Heidegger explicitly rejected the possibility of this, acknowledging that people bring their own experiences and understandings to the interpretive hermeneutic process (Larkin, Watts, and Clifton 2006), which has the potential of highlighting our active engagement with the data as humans, researchers and analysts. ...
... Therefore, by taking a feminist approach to IPA, we can both empathise the embodied experiences of our participants and place women's experiences in an interpretation and critique of social context. In this sense, we suggest that Heidegger's hermeneutic phenomenology can align with feminist ideals, where the quest of seeking understanding cannot be conducted from a detached, objective, disembodied or disengaged standpoint (Kafle 2013). More specifically, 'what something means depends on the cultural context in which it was originally created as well as the cultural context within which it is subsequently interpreted' (Patton 2002, 113), which helps us as feminist researchers to bring back to the centre marginalised contexts and invisible voices. ...
Drawing from a study of women on boards in Egypt, in this methodological article we propose and illustrate four parts of a multidimensional feminist hermeneutic process for Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) as a method of uncovering hidden stories of marginalised voices and unrecognised contexts. Underpinned by Heidegger’s hermeneutic phenomenology, our novel four-stage approach includes visual images as an alternative mode of data (re)presentation within the hermeneutic circle of interpretation. We show how IPA enables (re)imagining new possibilities of doing and writing feminist research and promotes an in-depth knowledge of the lived experience of women, as well as the systemic issues that concern them. Our contribution highlights our IPA process and outcomes, as a form of feminist praxis that prioritises the recognition of marginalisation and Otherness, embraces an ethic of care towards research participants and researchers, and provides a transformative, emancipatory opportunity for reciprocal learning, awareness and knowing of experience.
... We chose hermeneutic phenomenology as the research methodology (Kafle, 2013;Nakkula & Ravich, 1997). It aims to uncover underlying meanings not immediately apparent and to understand individuals' everyday experiences through narrative storytelling (van Manen, 1997). ...
... This stage aimed to answer the central question of how African-American doctoral students experience tokenism at PWIs. Stage Four involved the synthesis of themes from the previous stages, guided by the hermeneutic circle-an iterative process of interpretation where we considered individual elements in light of the whole text and vice versa (Kafle, 2013). Finally, in Stage Five, we illuminated and illustrated the phenomena, providing insights into how participants currently experience tokenism. ...
This hermeneutic phenomenological study explores the experiences of African American doctoral students with tokenism at a Midwestern predominantly White institutions (PWI), revealing both advantages and disadvantages, including the toll of “Black taxes” in academia. Tokenism offers benefits like visibility and resources but brings increased racial stress, loneliness, and extra service demands. These “Black taxes” have physical and emotional effects, leading to racial battle fatigue. Tokenism influences students’ professional development and identity, perpetuating characteristics like hypervisibility and imposter syndrome. Transforming PWIs requires challenging white supremacist structures and prioritizing equity. By addressing tokenism, we may pave the way for a more inclusive and supportive higher education environment.
... The audiotapes were transcribed verbatim, and the transcripts were entered in the latest version of NVivo together with the interviewer's post hoc reflections and debriefing notes. Hermeneutic phenomenology was used to analyze the study's data (Flyvbjerg, 2001(Flyvbjerg, , 2004Kafle, 2011;Tuffour, 2017). The interviewer thoroughly read the data before developing codes and themes. ...
USA has the lowest life expectancy of its peer countries and steadily increasing obesity rates. Although exercise is key to health and well-being, long-term exercise participation is a significant challenge. Therefore, the purpose of this qualitative, hermeneutic study was to examine the reasons for the long-lasting participation in a community-based aerial sling class (Flow) among adult women. Drawing on the philosophical underpinnings of techne (art) and phronesis (practical wisdom/reasoning), it was hypothesized that the techne-related elements of the Flow class (e.g., performativity, creativity, play, accomplishment of challenging skills) would be highly motivating and thus lead to the participants’ decision to continue with the class and other similar movement endeavors (link between techne and phronesis). Study participants were seven women (aged 28 – 48 years), including the class students and instructor at a major US city. The Flow class commenced in January 2024 and took place once per week for 1.15 hours. The class included skill based and performative elements such as dynamic sling choreographies. Following a show performance in May 2024, individual interviews were conducted via zoom to collect the study’s data. Based on the qualitative analysis, three themes emerged regarding the reasons for the long-lasting (at least nine months) participation in the Flow class: a) Performativity, creativity, play: creating and performing choreographies, returning to childhood; b) “Proud” feeling of accomplishment; Motivating and not boring: “does not feel like a workout”: sensing the “addictive” nature of aerial arts vs. “being bored by lifting weights at a gym”, “mentally rewarding,” “feeling accomplished”; and c) Improved strength, energy, stamina, and health: being stronger and healthier than before (e.g., improving symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis). Based on the study findings, the techne elements of the Flow class led to long-term participation in the class and other similar exercise endeavors. Therefore, exercise promoters should incorporate performative, creative, playful, and challenging elements in movement programming for long-lasting exercise participation.
... Due to the exploratory nature of our research and the relatively small number of farmers who received hemp permits, we opted to use qualitative methods to best answer our research questions. Specifically, we conducted in-depth, one-on-one interviews (Kafle, 2013). We used this approach to elicit thick and rich data to describe first-year hemp farmers' motives and resources used to grow hemp. ...
Recent legislative changes have opened new avenues of hemp production for farmers seeking to diversify their operations. With the availability of these opportunities comes the need to better understand the decision making processes of new hemp growers. The purpose of this study was to explore what motivated first-year hemp farmers to grow hemp and to better understand the resources they utilized for decision-making. Fifteen farmers engaged in one-on-one interviews, which were analyzed using qualitative research methods. Three distinct themes emerged that undergirded farmer motivations to grow hemp: personal characteristics, identified advantages of hemp as a crop, and trialability and compatibility. Additionally, four themes were central to the resources new hemp farmers sought out: grower networks, digital media, government-based resources, and print media. The findings of this study align with components of Rogers’ Diffusion of Innovation Theory and recent research related to hemp and hemp-based products. Based on these findings, we recommend developing and expanding educational resources for those interested in entering hemp production to aid in their decision-making process and assist them as they navigate their entry into hemp cultivation.
... For generating data in Hermeneutic studies, multiple tools such as interviews, observation, and protocols may be utilized depending upon the context and the area of research the tools may apply (Kafle, 2011). For the first data collection, this phenomenological inquiry started with the question "What happened to (name of school) at the time of the pandemic?" ...
... Esimerkiksi Synthese-journaalin filosofian metodeihin keskittyvässä erikoisnumerossa perehdytään nimenomaan analyyttisen filosofian menetelmiin, vaikka numeron otsikko viittaa yleisesti filosofian metodeihin (Eder, Lawler & van Riel, 2020). Fenomenologian ja hermeneutiikan koulukuntiin kytkeytyviä menetelmiä käsitellään usein samoissa tutkimusartikkeleissa (Kafle, 2013;Sloan & Bowe, 2014) -toisinaan eksplisiittisesti kytkettynä mannermaiseen filosofiaan (West, 2010, 86-132). ...
Academic philosophers usually commit themselves to a set of philosophical
methods and sometimes to a particular tradition. Such research commitments
may be expressed explicitly in the research, or they can operate implicitly and
emerge merely indirectly. This dissertation examines four case examples of
explicit and implicit research commitments in the 20th century Finnish
philosophy. The dissertation applies a metaphilosophical approach and develops
it further. The primary method of this study is systematic philosophical reflection,
but it applies methods from history of philosophy, as well. Furthermore, the
study uses an empirical interview method to identify research commitments. The
dissertation consists of a summary and four sub-studies, and it answers three
questions. First, it examines what kinds of methodological and tradition-related
research commitments have been established in the selected case studies of
Finnish philosophy. Second, the study describes and evaluates how
methodological and tradition-related commitments are interconnected in the
selected Finnish philosophy. Third, the study examines how the selected Finnish
philosophers have considered the institutional and political impact on research
commitments. The dissertation’s unique theoretical framework offers a new
perspective on the recent history of Finnish philosophy. The research results
show that within the selected contributions to Finnish philosophy we can find
commitments to the scientific nature of philosophical methods as well as to the
methods of logic and intuition, among other principles. Philosophical methods
have often been categorized, and are still today categorized, under particular
schools or traditions, such as analytical philosophy, logical empiricism, Marxist
philosophy, phenomenology, and continental philosophy. The selected Finnish
philosophers evaluate that research funding practices and the emphases in the
university research and teaching have an impact on research commitments.
Overall, the dissertation opens a metaphi
... The current study utilized a phenomenological design. Specifically, phenomenology is a qualitative method and umbrella term that embodies a philosophical movement as well as a range of research approaches (Kafle, 2011). Phenomenology is largely concerned with focusing on an individual's perception(s) of the world in which they live as well as the meaning and interpretations of those perceptions (Langdridge, 2007). ...
Intercollegiate athletics offer amateur athletes an approximately four-year window to pursue their athletic careers (Hodges & Darvin, 2022). While many athletes complete their full eligibility, some choose to retire early (Zvosec & Bass, 2022). At the NCAA Division III level, motivations for early retirement remain unclear, and the experiences of former student-athletes are often overlooked (Zvosec & Bass, 2022; Hodges & Darvin, 2022). Despite DIVISION III's large athlete population, research seldom delves into their experiences. This study aims to explore why former Division III athletes voluntarily leave their sport. Transitioning out of collegiate sports poses significant challenges, affecting athletes' identities, career goals, and well-being. The Theory of Work Adjustment (TWA) offers a framework for understanding this transition (Hesketh & Griffin, 2005). TWA emphasizes aligning individual skills, values, and environmental requirements, providing insights into how athletes experience this phenomenon (Camire et al., 2012). Semi-structured interviews with 15 early retirees revealed factors influencing their decision, including controlling coaching behavior, a win-at-all-costs culture, lack of support, and burnout. This study sheds light on the DIVISION III student-athlete experience, informing coaches, administrators, and institutions.
... Kafle's (2011) hermeneutic cycle, the chapter unfolds through interactive coding, theme evaluation, additional coding iterations, and clarification processes. This iterative method refines the research focus and underscores meaningful connections between identified themes and the phenomenological framework. ...
In recent years, chat and conversational AI technologies have seen growing integration across various industries, improving customer service, streamlining operations, and enhancing user experiences. This qualitative study examined the transformative impact of AI chatbots on the programming field and their broader effects. The study examined how AI chatbots have changed programming practices, boosted productivity, and introduced new opportunities and challenges. The study used hermeneutic phenomenology to interpret and understand these changes and their implications. The findings underscored the importance of addressing ethical issues, such as data privacy and unintended biases in AI systems, while highlighting the need for cross-disciplinary collaboration and a focus on user experience to maximize the benefits of AI chatbots. The study revealed that the role of programmers must evolve to integrate AI and chatbots effectively, emphasizing the importance of adapting to new responsibilities, including ethical considerations and continuous learning. Recommendations included upskilling in AI and machine learning and updating educational programs to prepare professionals for an AI-driven world. The findings highlighted the necessity for additional research to examine the broader effects of AI on related fields beyond programming. Future studies can explore the relationship between job characteristics, deskilling, and adaptation strategies across various industries. Such research would offer valuable insights into the broader effects of AI on different roles and career outcomes across multiple sectors.
... People's perceptions about the world or how the things of the world appear to them are best explored in phenomenological studies. Phenomenological studies allow researchers to cross beyond themselves and into universal views (Groenewald, 2004;Kafle, 2011). ...
... The primary premise in the writings of these philosophers revolves around the endorsement of a belief that humans may not be understood within a detached and disengaged manner with the observer assuming an objective stance as in the naturalism. Existentialism features appropriately in this regard because of the emphasis placed on the derivation of meaning from everyday experiences as perceived by the individual himself (Kafle, 2011). ...
... This paper interprets one central theme (from six themes) emerging through the coding analysis. Consequently, the phenomenological approach is adopted to allow the researcher to uncover the essence of lived experiences described as the qualitative researcher pursues to identify the phenomenon of human experience and then derive a description representing the nature of experience (Kafle, 2011). The essence should not be viewed as a vague idea but rather the ability to identify the meaning embodied in the lived experience (Merleau-Ponty and Smith, 1962). ...
Educational game (EG) designing processes have adopted various processes and approaches over the last decades. While many articles report EG design elements that can potentially assist in effective EG design, not much research exists on whether game designers use/agree with those elements. In considering the aforementioned, the questions arise with game designers’ practices: how do they approach EG design elements in their process? Are there any core elements they include in their EG designing practices? Are there any other aspects that influence their EG designing process? Therefore, this paper reports on the above-addressed questions and how game designers and their experiences in designing EGs can present insightful gaming elements associated with EGs. Based in Australia, a phenomenological approach was adopted to conduct semi-structured interviews to gather the essence of their experiences. Seventeen game designer participants attended two-hour interview sessions. Interpretive thematic analysis was used to identify emerging themes until saturation was achieved (Braun and Clarke 2012). The analysis was concurrently grounded through the concepts of the theory of experience, including continuity, interaction, situation, freedom, and desire which drives the purpose to apply and contextualize the growth of experience (Dewey 1938). In conclusion, an “Essential” Educational Game Elements (EGEs) framework is proposed with design elements collating all relevant elements/factors, necessary theories, and mechanics suggested by game designers for consideration in the design process as they have practiced. Lastly, researchers in educational/serious games are encouraged to consider the application of the proposed framework in designing EGs to further expand its limitations.
... The publications of Martin Heidegger's being and Time (1927) and History of Concept of Time (1925) paved the way for founding this school of hermeneutic phenomenology. It was subsequently enhanced by scholars such as Hans George Gadamar, Poul Ricour, and Max van Manen (Kafle, 2013). Byrne (2001) states that "phenomenologists believe that the experience of people leads to truth and an understanding of life" (p. ...
... All the participants were diagnosed with PCa (and receiving some form of treatment at a tertiary hospital in Limpopo Province, South Africa) for more than five years prior to commencement of the study. The sampling choice was made because of its compatibility with hermeneutic phenomenological design [12]. Therefore, both theoretical and practical considerations formed the basis for the sampling choice [24]. ...
Men of African ancestry suffer disproportionately from prostate cancer (PCa) than other racial groups in South Africa. Equally concerning is that black South African men generally present later with higher stage and grade of the disease than their non-black counterparts. Despite this, South African black men continue to have little uptake in PCa screening behaviors. The objective of the study was to explore knowledge and beliefs of PCa among black South African survivors. A sample of 20 prostate cancer survivors, with ages ranging from 67 to 85 years (meanage = 76yrs; SD = 5.3) were selected through purposive sampling and requested to participate in the study. Data were collected through in-depth, semi-structured individual interviews, and analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). The findings demonstrated that black South African men had poor knowledge of PCa and that this may create an unfortunate system that preclude this population group from taking part in life-saving PCa screening services. The results highlight a need to elevate knowledge and awareness of PCa among black South African men and ultimately enhance screening practices.
... Establishing trustworthiness including credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability ensured rigor rigor in this hermeneutic study (Kafle, 2013). A reflexive journal with a positionality statement supported all four dimensions of trustworthiness (Morse, 2015;Shenton, 2004;Tracy, 2010). ...
... Establishing trustworthiness including credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability ensured rigor rigor in this hermeneutic study (Kafle, 2013). A reflexive journal with a positionality statement supported all four dimensions of trustworthiness (Morse, 2015;Shenton, 2004;Tracy, 2010). ...
Gatekeeping is an essential function within counselor education that is aimed at helping counselors in training (CIT) achieve competency to practice. There is a lack of research focused on understanding gatekeepers’ experiences, including how they resolve challenges. The purpose of this hermeneutic study was to understand the lived experiences of gatekeepers in counselor education, including gatekeeping challenges and how they are addressed in the training system. There were five emerging themes with eight subthemes. The findings highlight how gatekeeping is vital, cannot be done in isolation, and how individuals learn from their experiences. These findings inform the counselor training community about best practices to help decrease gateslippage, which may result in better client care and lead to positive social change.
... The methodological approach used in this study was the hermeneutic phenomenological tradition, focused on participants' perceptions, and designed to contribute to a deeper understanding of their lived experience (Kafle, 2011;Wilson, 2015). This enabled us to explore the mothers' copingtheir thoughts, feelings and practices as mothers of children with disabilities. ...
This study explored the coping experiences of mothers of children with disabilities during the COVID-19 pandemic in Israel. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with 14 mothers. The data were thematically analyzed to gain in-depth understanding of their coping experiences. The findings indicated that COVID-related restrictions disrupted the family routine and added a significant burden for the mothers as primary caregivers, and for the family system as a whole. Three distinct types of coping experiences arose from the analysis: surviving the crisis, controlling the crisis, and growing out of the crisis. Three key elements differentiated these three types: the perceptions of the meaning of the pandemic for parental roles and of the response of the education and welfare systems to the children’s needs – in routine and during COVID-19; coping with the different pandemic challenges; and the implications of both COVID-19 and the mothers’ coping strategies for the functional and emotional status of their children, themselves, and family relations. The results are discussed in light of models of family stress and coping, focusing on the tension between the mothers’ caregiving role and maternal roles as warranting particular attention by professionals and policymakers.
... This study employed a phenomenological design to investigate how potential tourists experience and make sense of crime-related content on social media platforms and its impact on their perceptions of Ghana as a tourist destination. Phenomenological research focuses on individuals' lived experiences and interpretations of a particular phenomenon (Kafle, 2011). This approach was chosen to gain deeper insights into the subjective experiences of potential tourists interacting with crime-related content and how it shapes their image of Ghana. ...
This research explores the potential of leveraging social media as a marketing tool to combat crime in destination marketing, with a focus on Ghana as a representative case study in Africa. As tourism plays a vital role in Ghana's economy, addressing crime concerns is crucial for attracting international visitors. The study aims to investigate how social media can be harnessed strategically to dispel crime perceptions, promote safety, and enhance destination marketing efforts. With a constructivism research philosophical position, the study adopted a case study research approach. Data was gathered using semi-structured interviews, which were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. The data was processed using Nvivo version 12.1 analyzed with the help of content analysis approach. The findings provided valuable insights for Ghana, highlighting the significance of social media in building a positive destination image while ensuring visitor safety. It was evident that crime-related discussions on social media significantly impact the perception of Ghana as a tourist destination. The investigation into the strategies and approaches employed by Ghanaian tourism authorities and stakeholders in managing and addressing crime-related concerns on social media provided valuable insights into their efforts to promote safety and enhance destination marketing. Successful practices were identified, including user-Generated Content Promotion and collaboration with law enforcement. It was recommended that Ghanaian tourism authorities may regularly engage with social media users, respond promptly to concerns and inquiries, and provide accurate and up-to-date information about safety measures and crime statistics in the country.
... This study employed a phenomenological design to investigate how potential tourists experience and make sense of crime-related content on social media platforms and its impact on their perceptions of Ghana as a tourist destination. Phenomenological research focuses on individuals' lived experiences and interpretations of a particular phenomenon (Kafle, 2011). This approach was chosen to gain deeper insights into the subjective experiences of potential tourists interacting with crime-related content and how it shapes their image of Ghana. ...
This research explores the potential of leveraging social media as a marketing tool to combat crime in destination marketing, with a focus on Ghana as a representative case study in Africa. As tourism plays a vital role in Ghana's economy, addressing crime concerns is crucial for attracting international visitors. The study aims to investigate how social media can be harnessed strategically to dispel crime perceptions, promote safety, and enhance destination marketing efforts. With a constructivism research philosophical position, the study adopted a case study research approach. Data was gathered using semi-structured interviews, which were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. The data was processed using Nvivo version 12.1 analyzed with the help of content analysis approach. The findings provided valuable insights for Ghana, highlighting the significance of social media in building a positive destination image while ensuring visitor safety. It was evident that crime-related discussions on social media significantly impact the perception of Ghana as a tourist destination. The investigation into the strategies and approaches employed by Ghanaian tourism authorities and stakeholders in managing and addressing crime-related concerns on social media provided valuable insights into their efforts to promote safety and enhance destination marketing. Successful practices were identified, including user-Generated Content Promotion and collaboration with law enforcement. It was recommended that Ghanaian tourism authorities may regularly engage with social media users, respond promptly to concerns and inquiries, and provide accurate and up-to-date information about safety measures and crime statistics in the country.
... Untuk menemukan fakta tersembunyi di balik revolusi hijau yang tersimpan dalam pengalaman hidup masyarakat penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan studi lapangan dan pustaka. Alasan memilih model penelitan tersebut karena mempunyai kerangka konseptual yang membantu untuk menyelami pengetahuan dan kesedaran manusia tersembunyi dalam setiap pengalaman hidupnya (Kafle, 2013). Untuk mendapatkan data yang diinginkan penelitian ini menggunakan wawancara mendalam, observasi lapangan (Ramsook, 2018) dan data kepustakaan. ...
Abstrak Revolusi hijau tahun 1970 telah mengubah kultur pertanian di Jawa. Kini, sistem pertanian di Jawa telah beralih ke sistem pertanian modern dan meninggalkan praktik-praktik pertanian tradisonal. Situasi ini berimbas pada pergeseran pranata mangsa sebagai sistem pengetahuan pertanian tradisional Jawa. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menggali lebih dalam fenomena tersebut melalui penelitian intensif yang berlokasi di desa Joho, kecamatan Kalidawir, kabupaten Tulungagung, Jawa timur. Penelitian ini berjenis kualitatif-deskriptif dengan pendekatan studi lapangan dan pustaka. Data penelitian diperoleh dengan cara observasi, wawancara dan studi kepustakaan. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menerapkan metode hermeneutika filosofis yang dipadukan dengan perspektif Louis Althusser tentang Ideologi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, 1) Revolusi hijau menyimpan hikayat konflik ideologi antara kapitalisme dan komunisme, keduanya saling berebut pengaruh kekuasaan secara politik, ekonomi dan budaya di negara dunia ketiga. 2) Imbas dari konflik ideologi menyababkan transformasi kognitif dan struktur sosial masyarakat yang akhirnya menggeser sistem pertanian tradisonal menjadi teknologi modern. 3) Pergeseran kognitif dan sistem pertanian tersebut pada akhirnya menyebabkan posisi pranata mangsa terancam hilang di dalam ruang sosial-budaya masyarakat desa Joho, hingga saat ini indegenouse knowledge tersebut hanya tersisa kenangan dalam ingatan segelintir warga. kata kunci: Pranata Mangsa, Revolusi Hijau, Ideologi, Lois Althusser, Transformasi Kognitif. Abstract The Green Revolution of 1970 has transformed the agricultural culture in Java. Today, the farming system in Java has shifted to modern agriculture, leaving behind traditional farming practices. This situation has impacted the shift in the institution of ‘pranata mangsa’ as the traditional agricultural knowledge system in Java. This article aims to delve deeper into this phenomenon through intensive research located in the village of Joho, Kalidawir district, Tulungagung regency, East Java. This qualitive-descritive research employs a field and literature study approach. Data is gathered through observation, interviews, and literature review. Data analysis is conducted using a combination of philosophical hermeneutics method and Louis Althusser’s perspective on ideology. The research findings indicate: 1) The Green Revolution embodies the narrative of ideological conflict between capitalism and communism, both vying for political, economic, and cultural influence in third world countries. 2) The repercussions of ideological conflict lead to cognitive transformation and social structure changes in the community, ultimately shifting from traditional farming systems to modern technology. 3) This cognitive shift and change in farming systems ultimately threaten the position of ‘pranata mangsa’ within the socio-cultural space of the Joho village community, and currently, indigenous knoeledge is only reminisced by a few villagers. Keywords: Pranata Mangsa, Green Revolution, Ideology, Louis Althusser, Cognitive Transformation.
... The process reveals the transcendent mode of being. From a methodological point of view, it is particularly important to explore how a phenomenon that an individual experience has a special meaning in that individual's world (Kafle, 2011). It helps unfold some unique truths about the phenomenon at stake. ...
... 42). There are, in fact, several journal articles and at least one book describing the specifics of undertaking a hermeneutic phenomenological methodological approach (Ajjawi & Higgs, 2007;Conroy, 2003;Friesen, Henriksson, & Saevi, 2012;Kafle, 2011;Kakkori, 2009;Koch, 1995Koch, , 1996Sammel, 2003). ...
... Within hermeneutic phenomenology, objectivity is eschewed in favor of researchers' exploring the interpretations they bring into the research process. These interpretations inevitably shape the lenses through which the phenomena are described and the reasons they are deemed interesting by the researchers (Kafle, 2011;van Manen, 2014). As a measure of increasing trustworthiness through researcher reflexivity ( van Manen, 2014), the following is a brief summary of pre-understandings identified by the authors. ...
While research within positive psychology has demonstrated the potential for growth and flourishing when facing adversity, experiences of psychological growth during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic have not yet been investigated. A hermeneutic phenom-enological approach was used to explore the meaning and experience of personal growth and transformation during the COVID-19 first lockdown phase. Semi-structured interviews, with 49 adults between the ages of 20 and 58 occurred. Five themes emerged across participants: (1) pre-pandemic life as functionally complacent (2) the unexpected loss of coping strategies and familiar rhythms due to lockdown, (3) choice to engage with emotion and discomfort as a means to experience growth, (4) discovering and embracing an authentic sense of self, and (5) integration of the growth through sharing with others. Participants reported that participating in the interview itself was growth-enhancing. The findings of the study are discussed in light of existing AEDP (Accelerated Experiential Dynamic Psychotherapy) theory. ARTICLE HISTORY
... A qualitative, hermeneutic phenomenological approach [77] was used to identify recent graduates' perceptions toward the outcomes gained from completion of their capstone URE at Doane University. This research was part of a larger project that examined student perspectives toward UREs. ...
Recent reforms in undergraduate science education have highlighted the need for student-centered learning that challenges students to take ownership of the scientific process through conducting authentic research. As such, Undergraduate Research Experiences (UREs) have become more prevalent in higher education. However, extensive variations in the structures, durations, and contexts of UREs exist and long-term implications are not well documented. We used the Social Cognitive Career Theory to guide our exploration of student outcomes from completing a required three-semester capstone URE at a predominantly undergraduate institution located in the Midwest, United States. We sought to answer two central research questions: (1) What skills and competencies do alumni perceive to have gained from completing the URE capstone, and (2) What is the impact of the URE capstone on alumni success in the workforce and/or graduate school? We conducted in-depth, one-on-one interviews with 16 alumni who recently completed their undergraduate research capstone and who were currently in a science-based career or attending graduate school. Results indicate long-term benefits from URE capstones and are described through three primary themes: technical skill acquisition and future application, soft skill acquisition and future application, and scientific pursuits.
The study aims to improve the understanding of Xi Jinping’s leadership through the prisms of Chinese traditional and communist cultures. China’s current president was brought up on a mix of Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhist teachings; went through the upheavals of the communist cultural revolution; and is expected to serve concurrently centrally planned and free-market economies. Furthermore, he is expected to fulfill the expectations of five generations of Chinese people who grew up in different socioeconomic environments and to partially meet the expectations of international political and economic stakeholders. A single qualitative case study that adopts the hermeneutic-interpretative research method is applied to describe President Xi’s comfortable childhood in Beijing, traumatic education period during the Cultural Revolution, and a steady climb in the Communist Party echelons. It demonstrates how the combination of Chinese traditional and communist cultures prepared Xi to assume the top leadership position, which is full of challenges presented to him by multiple, sometimes contradictive stakeholders’ expectations. Findings show that Xi’s paternalistic leadership style, while criticized in the West for being authoritarian, serves well Chinese hierarchically ordered environment of predictability and security.
Purpose
The current research study aims to explore the rising appeal of creative industry for institutionally embedded women entrepreneurs of rural Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.
Design/methodology/approach
A qualitative research methodology is adopted to conduct the research study. Primary data is collected through in-depth interviews with 38 women entrepreneurs working in two sectors of creative industry in rural Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.
Findings
The research study explored creative industry as the most informal, non-traditional, low cost, flexible and convenient business sector for institutionally embedded Pukhtoon women entrepreneurs of rural KP.
Practical implications
The study draws the attention of policymakers and government to consider the informal norms in which women entrepreneurship is deeply embedded, while making entrepreneurship development policies and programs. The research study drives the attention of government toward making entrepreneurial education and training facilities easily available so that the skill and talent of women entrepreneurs can be more polished and enhanced. It further suggests that if the policymakers and Government of Pakistan take positive initiations and recognize the paramount importance, the creative industry of Pakistan has the potential of contributing toward uplifting of the economy.
Originality/value
The study helps in identifying the prevailing social and cultural norms in KP that shapes the choice of women entrepreneurs toward entrepreneurship in creative industry. It emphasizes to understand the reasons, for which women in KP, opt to open their entrepreneurial ventures in creative industry.
This study proposes a social identity theory-based and multi-level model that describes destructive leadership as contingent on social categorization of the in- and outgroups and mediated by hatred. We describe Adolf Hitler’s destructive leadership behavior as contingent on his social categorization of non-Aryans, and as mediated by his hatred for the outgroups of Jews, Communists, Roma and Sinti, Disabled, Freemasons, Gay men, Jehovah Witnesses and Blacks. We propose that Hitler’s hatred for the outgroups was motivated by cognitive commitment, negation of intimacy and reaction to fear. His destructive leadership included institutional behaviors such as legislation and the encouragement of the development of a scientifically defunct race theory, symbolic behaviors, such as gestures connoting disrespect, rude epithets, slurs, and hatred-associated symbols, and physical behaviors, such as threatening, imprisoning, inflicting injuries, starving, torturing and annihilating members of the outgroups, he instigated the ingroup members to commit. Hitler believed Aryan Nazi Germany would achieve a national triumph; his leadership, however, ended in the obliteration of the European continent and Holocaust of the Jewish people, among others. The proposed model may be applied in the context of cross-cultural management to discriminatory behaviors, biases, or outright hostility in multi-cultural teams, which affects the leadership process, employee engagement and retention and organizational effectiveness.
سعى هذا البحث إلى الكشف عن أثر استخدام الممارسات التأملية في التطوير المهني لمعلمات اللغة الإنجليزية المستجِدَّات في المرحلة المتوسطة بمدينة جدة. والتعرف على تصورات المعلمات المستجِدَّات للغة الإنجليزية للممارسة التأملية تطويرًا مهنيًّا، والكشف عن الصعوبات التي تحد من ممارسة المعلمات للتأمل الذاتي، وقد استُخدم البحثُ النَّوعي من خلال التصميم الظَّاهراتي، ولتحقيق أهداف البحث اعتمدت الباحثة لجمع البيانات باستخدام (التثليث) أدواتٍ متعددةً شملت المقابلة الفردية، واستمارةَ التأمل الذاتي، ومجموعة التركيز البؤرية، وتوصلت نتائج هذا البحث إلى وجود أثر في التطوير المهني للمعلمات بعد استخدام الممارسات التأملية؛ إذ بيَّنت النتائجُ تصوُّراتِ المعلمات لتلك الممارسة التأملية قبل استخدام استمارة التأمل الذاتي وبعد استخدامها، وكشفت نتائج البحث عن بعض الصعوبات والتحديات التي تقف عائقًا دائمًا يحول دون المعلمات وممارسة التأمل.
Through an unsustainable moniker that often receives no reprieve, Black women student affairs professionals become the institutional fixer—the StrongBlackWoman who can do all. Through a raced and gendered expectation, they support the needs of their students, many of whom are students of color. This effort creates a precarious double bind that traps Black women student affairs professionals as they are seen through their strength, not through their humanity. Although there have been numerous studies in student affairs that have connected student affairs burnout and attrition and few others that have connected a raced and gendered experience to that burnout as Black women or folx of color, additional research is needed, especially to examine the connection between the experience of operating within a StrongBlackWoman phenomenon and how that impacts their well-being as Black women student affairs professionals. Rooted within Black feminist thought as a theoretical framework and utilizing a hermeneutic phenomenological approach, this article aims to discuss findings from a recent dissertation that explored the experiences of Black women student affairs professionals, which underscored the StrongBlackWoman phenomenon. The findings from this study discuss the theme that “Black women cannot disengage” and highlight the subtheme of the StrongBlackWoman and the BlackGirlMagic narratives and how they connect the experience of emotional exhaustion. The article concludes with implications for student affairs professionals, as well as recommendations for the area of human resources.
This study investigated the lived experiences
of micro business owners and managers in relation to the
perceived effectiveness of using social media marketing.
The paper utilized the phenomenological research design
covering ten micro business owners as participants to
answer the main problem about the effects of social
media platforms to the sales and marketing. The
participants were primarily asked to answer the
interview questions. Respondents came from two micro
business industry sector viz. retail/ wholesale and foods
service industry. In the study, the result generated three
major themes from the interview: the strong business
and marketing viability, interactive and promising
platform channel; and online customers behavior and
feedback whereas ten key subthemes emerged from each
major themes.
Keywords:- Social Media Marketing, Micro Business
Entities, Strong Marketing Viability, Interactive Promising Platform, Online Customer Behavior
Love is a concept that is experienced and expressed differently across sociocultural contexts. Its experience also changes over the life time, during life events such as marriage, relationships, and divorce and in specific social and cultural contexts. This study explores love and how it changes during socioculturally influenced selected life events from the perspective of three Gen X South African Indian women. Using a qualitative research methodology, the study gives a voice to these women by presenting vignettes of their experiences of love, marriage, and divorce during their lives. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed through thematic analysis. Qualitative quality criteria were applied. Findings show that love concepts transform over the lifetime, being strongly influenced by life events such as arranged and love marriages, new relationships, and divorce, but also by individual developments and transformations within and beyond sociocultural boundaries. Conclusions are drawn and recommendations for future research and practice are given.
This study explores into the dynamics of global consumer sentiment towards green products, leveraging a dataset of 109,417 Instagram comments to uncover the attributes that drive discussions and evaluations of sustainability on social media. By employing a multifaceted analytical approach that includes sentiment analysis, word frequency, word cloud analysis, and Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) topic modeling, this research provides a novel perspective on the preferences and concerns of consumers regarding green consumption. The findings reveal that while there is a predominantly positive sentiment towards green products, the importance of various attributes—including eco-friendliness, quality, price, and functionality—varies significantly across different product categories. The study also identifies specific green and non-green attributes that influence consumer evaluations and discusses the comparative impact of these attributes on shaping positive and negative sentiments. The implications of this study underscore the need for targeted strategies that align with consumer values and preferences revealed through social media analytics, contributing to a more sustainable global market for green products.
Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is frequently understood as a diagnosis applicable mainly to women, despite population studies suggesting similar prevalence between men and women. The scarce available information suggests that compared to women, men may face additional gender-related barriers to diagnosis and treatment when attempting to engage with support and treatment for BPD-related difficulties. The current study presents a qualitative in-depth exploration of the help-seeking and diagnosis experiences of four men with BPD. Using Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis, three themes were generated: (1) “There's just no help out there”: barriers to treatment; (2) self-understanding and insight; and (3) the importance of emotional and psychological connection with health care professionals and close family and friends. Having a greater understanding of male-specific experiences of BPD could improve the helpseeking journeys of men with BPD through early identification, accurate and timely diagnosis, to relevant and effective treatment and support.
Exposure to domestic violence can lead children to adopt specific roles or behaviours to cope with violent situations, which can have detrimental effects on their lives and require significant resources to address. Domestic violence can also severely damage the parent–child relationship. Adults who experienced childhood abuse often feel the need to repair these relationships, but the lack of trust in the abusive parent makes this process particularly challenging. This study aims to explore the subjective interpretations and experiences of victimised adults in Taiwan as they work to restore parent–child relationships following the cessation of domestic violence. Employing a hermeneutic phenomenological approach, the researcher conducted semi‐structured interviews with eight participants. Data analysis yielded three overarching themes related to the interpretation of restored parent–child relationships and eight themes pertaining to the experiences of restoring these relationships. These themes revealed that the core theme of the experience of restoring parent–child relationships among adults who experienced childhood abuse is ‘forgiveness and rebirth’. The study's findings emphasise that the restored parent–child relationship is not an ideal one but rather a relationship that acknowledges the limitations of both parents and children. It is a relationship where children can demonstrate filial piety without being undifferentiatedly obedient. In the context of Chinese culture, where relationships hold great significance, the researcher suggests that relational resilience serves as the driving force that enables family systems to progress towards relational wellbeing. Mental health practitioners must recognise and respect the client's cultural identity. When assisting adults who endured childhood domestic violence in mending their parent–child relationships, efforts should focus on fostering self‐in‐relation to promote their wellbeing.
This qualitative study explores the efficacy of executive coaching as a leadership development tool for federal supervisors amid the post-COVID-19 remote and hybrid workplace paradigm. Analysis of collected data reveals compelling themes, including enhanced self-awareness, emotional intelligence, time management, and communication skills, underscoring coaching's transformative impact on personal and professional growth. The establishment of trusting relationships with coaches and the provision of expertise in interpreting behavioral assessments contribute to fostering healthy organizational cultures marked by transparency and mutual respect. Executive coaching facilitates authentic conversations, enthusiastic support, and challenging reflective dialogue, enabling supervisors to navigate complexities with confidence.
Purpose
This study proposes a mix of historical, organizational and generational life cycles as explanatory variables for the “sharing style” of intentional communities such as kibbutzim in Israel. It evaluates the effectiveness of four strategies, namely, economic ownership, ultimate personal freedom, sense of belonging and religious belief employed by kibbutzim to sustain their lifestyles as sharing communities.
Design/methodology/approach
The study’s data collection methods include a mix of literature review and content analysis of interviews and observations conducted by the study’s researchers over a period of twenty years.
Findings
Environmental uncertainty, which served as one of the main motivators for the establishment of kibbutzim, has been diminished over their life cycle, forcing them to change their socioeconomic model of sharing. Most kibbutzim elected to employ the household’s economic private ownership strategy to move from the “maturity” to the “renewal” lifecycle stage, thereby avoiding “decline.” Three representative kibbutzim chose to deploy ultimate personal freedom, enhanced sense of belonging and shared religious practice strategies to reach the renewal stage.
Practical implications
Current crises, such as weather disasters, pandemics and wars, have demonstrated the justification for the existence of shared leadership communities. This study considers the advantages and pitfalls of economic and psychological conditions necessary for sustaining such communities over the period of their life cycles. We propose that out of the four strategies analyzed, only the strategy of economic private ownership can be sustained under conditions of global, national and commune’s increasing levels of individualism.
Originality/value
This study introduces historical, organizational and generational elements into the commonly described construct of organizational and product life cycles. It describes four variations of the communal sharing socioeconomic model that have been adopted to combat the degradation of the communes into the decline stage and evaluate their viability. The study therefore generalizes life cycle theory to non-for-profit organizations, making life cycle theory more specific.
Fighting false information, propaganda, open lies, rumors, misinformation, and disinformation by attacking it directly and challenging it is the dominant strategy for dealing with false beliefs (Lazer et al., 2018; Maseri et al., 2020; Van Bavel et al., 2021), and it is an important one. Refuting falsity is crucial. At the same time, there are instances when fighting false information does not work (Ardèvol-Abreu et al., 2020; McIntyre, 2018; Van Bavel et al., 2021). One of the reasons is that it denies another’s worldview, belief systems, and, as a result, their identity and even right to exist. Searching for alternative strategies for dealing with falsity, this study used qualitative research methodology and conducted three focus group discussions. My research findings show that identifying and framing a narrative behind falsity shifts the dynamic from facts to interaction, from fighting to beginning relationships to that narrative and potentially people who stand for it, consciously or unconsciously. It allows one to find a belief system and a worldview of the other, and to engage and interact with it. Thus, there is a shift from finding who is telling the truth or lies to providing space for various belief systems and worldviews to interact with each other. Making this shift changes the power dynamic and empowers human beings to stop being simply victims of falsity and gain agency. My research also shows that there is a high need for talent and skills to hold polarities and different narratives, allowing them to co-exist and not deny each other, facilitating unpredictable and unimaginable ways to interact with each other, and bring more flow into communication instead of distancing even further. Finding narratives behind falsity and holding the opposite stories allow one to see falsity as not just an absolute evil but potentially meaningful, transforming it into an opportunity for community-building processes and for people to work on different narratives together before existing splits, greater distancing and polarizations grow into yet another violence and wars.
This article is a bibliograpic review, analysis, interpretation and discussion of Bodhi: An Interdisciplinary Journal, published by Kathmandu University (KU) from 2007 to 2023. During its 16-year journey, Bodhi, over nine issues, published 119 articles by scholars and researchers from various disciplines, particularly Humanities and Social Sciences.
Phenomenological researchers generally agree that our central concern is to return to embodied, experiential meanings aiming for a fresh, complex, rich description of a phenomenon as it is concretely lived. Yet debates abound when it comes to deciding how best to carry out this phenomenological research in practice. Confusion about how to conduct appropriate phenomenological research makes our field difficult for novices to access. Six particular questions are contested: (1) How tightly or loosely should we define what counts as "phenomenology" (2) Should we always aim to produce a general (normative) description of the phenomenon, or is idiographic analysis a legitimate aim? (3) To what extent should interpretation be involved in our descriptions? (4) Should we set aside or bring to the foreground researcher subjectivity? (5) Should phenomenology be more science than art? (6) Is phenomenology a modernist or postmodernist project, or neither? In this paper, I examine each of these areas of contention in the spirit of fostering dialogue, and promoting openness and clarity in phenomenological inquiry.
This paper introduces the philosophical foundation and practical application of empirical phenomenology in social research. The approach of empirical phenomenology builds upon the phenomenology of the philosophers Edmund Husserl and Martin Heidegger and the sociologist Alfred Schütz, but considers how their more philosophical and theoretical insights can be used in empirical research. It aims at being practically useful for anyone doing qualitative studies and concerned about safeguarding the perspective of those studied. The main idea of empirical phenomenology is that scientific explanation must be grounded in the first-order construction of the actors; that is, in their own meanings. These constructions are then related to the secondorder constructions of the scientist. In this paper, empirical phenomenology is considered in the light of phenomenological philosophy. The paper includes an explication of the approach, which is summarized in seven steps through which the researcher is guided, and considers its implications for qualitative methods such as interviewing and participant observation.
Hermeneutic phenomenology and phenomenology have become increasingly popular as research methodologies, yet confusion still exists about the unique aspects of these two methodologies. This article provides a discussion of the essential similarities and differences between hermeneutic phenomenology and phenomenology from historical and methodological perspectives. Consideration is given to the philosophical bases, assumptions, focus of research and research outcomes that differentiate these approaches.
The current debate about quantitative and qualitative methods focuses on whether there is a necessary connection between method-type and research paradigm that makes the different approaches incompatible. This paper argues that part of the connection is rhetorical. Quantitative methods express the assumptions of a positvisit paradigm which holds that behavior can be explained through objective facts. Design and instrumentation persuade by showing how bias and error are eliminated. Qualitative methods express the assumptions of a phenomenological paradigm that there are multiple realities that are socially defined. Rich description persuades by showing that the researcher was immersed in the setting and giving the reader enough detail to “make sense” of the situation. While rhetorically different, the results of the two methodologies can be complementary. Examples are drawn from two studies using different methodologies to study the same problem.
This article proposes the use of two qualitative research methodologies-Heideggerian hermeneutics and grounded theory-as a way to understand complex human phenomena. The hermeneutic method uses "thick description," "paradigm cases," "exemplars," and "the-matic analysis" to discover meanings and ways of being (practices) in lived experiences. The aim of grounded theory methodology is to generate an analytic schema called "a substantive grounded theory' that conceptually explains basic social processes at a higher level of abstraction. While each has its own integrity and yields different outcomes, triangulation of these two qualitative methods in one study can illuminate clinical realities that elude alternative approaches. Hermeneutics reveals the uniqueness of shared meanings and common practices that can inform the way we think about our practice; grounded theory provides a conceptual framework useful for planning interventions and further quantitative research.
This article distills the core principles of a phenomenological research design and, by means of a specific study, illustrates the phenomenological methodology. After a brief overview of the developments of phenomenology, the research paradigm of the specific study follows. Thereafter the location of the data, the data-gathering the data-storage methods are explained. Unstructured in-depth phenomenological interviews supplemented by memoing, essays by participants, a focus group discussion and field notes were used. The data explicitation, by means of a simplified version of Hycner's (1999) process, is further explained. The article finally contains commentary about the validity and truthfulness measures, as well as a synopsis of the findings of the study.
This paper presents a framework within which to examine and compare the main philosophical assumptions underpinning management science methods. It takes the position that they all have in common the basic mechanism of modelling, but that they differ in terms of what they model (ontology), how they model (epistemology), and why they model (axiology). A wide range of both hard and soft methods and methodologies ace categorised within the paper. One of the purposes of the framework is to assist in the process of multimethodology—that is, combining together several methods in an intervention. In particular, it will assist users in understanding both the implicit or explicit assumptions underlying methods, and their principle aims and purposes, in order to be able to make more informed and critically aware choices when designing particular combinations in practice.Journal of the Operational Research Society (2003) 54, 559–570. doi:10.1057/palgrave.jors.2601436
This paper is an extension of Buddhist phenomenology, Barendregt [1988], hereafter called part I. That paper is a personal account of part of the mental training towards the purification of consciousness. For the reading of the present paper, however, no acquaintance with part I is required. This paper continues the description of experiences obtained during the practice of intensive vipassana meditation. Moreover, based on these experiences a model is presented for one particular aspect of the human mind: the mechanism of desire, suffering, mysticism and mental purification. The model makes very clear the goal of the meditation training and explains well the phenomena described in the Buddhist literature. Besides that the model is claimed to be useful for the understanding of several psychosomatic phenomena. I dare say that the observed phenomena are valid in general and are of essential value for the eventual theory of the human mind. Acknowledgments. This paper has bee...
Rev.& expanded from Case study research in education,1988.Incl.bibliographical references,index
Cover Blurb: Researching Lived Experience introduces an approach to qualitative research methodology in education and related fields that is distinct from traditional approaches derived from the behavioral or natural sciences—an approach rooted in the “everyday lived experience” of human beings in educational situations. Rather than relying on abstract generalizations and theories, van Manen offers an alternative that taps the unique nature of each human situation.
The book offers detailed methodological explications and practical examples of hermeneutic-phenomenological inquiry. It shows how to orient oneself to human experience in education and how to construct a textual question which evokes a fundamental sense of wonder, and it provides a broad and systematic set of approaches for gaining experiential material that forms the basis for textual reflections.
Van Manen also discusses the part played by language in educational research, and the importance of pursuing human science research critically as a semiotic writing practice. He focuses on the methodological function of anecdotal narrative in human science research, and offers methods for structuring the research text in relation to the particular kinds of questions being studied. Finally, van Manen argues that the choice of research method is itself a pedagogic commitment and that it shows how one stands in life as an educator.
Psychologists look to philosophers for a clarification of their work. Philosophers ask the more fundamental questions regarding the nature of man—philosophical anthropology, the nature of being—metaphysics and ontology, the nature of truth— epistemology, and the nature of values and the good life—ethics. Most psychologists are content to work within an established framework of thinking (philosophy) and do not usually question the presuppositions of their work. But sometimes the very meaning of the activities of a scientific discipline becomes questionable, a crisis of identity of a whole science sets in, and, in such a situation of doubting and questioning, the dialogue opens up, and other world-views, other anthropologies, metaphysics, and religions, even, become interesting and important. A search for a new paradigm (Kuhn, 1962) begins. Not that established paradigms really ever die, certainly not in the social sciences. In the social sciences, which include political science, paradigms co-exist much like political parties. As long as they co-exist, we have the fertile ground of democratic freedom of exchange, and the growth of knowledge in all directions. As it is in political life, in the politics of science we also sometimes run into ideological dictatorships, when one way of thinking predominates in Heideggerian Thinking and the Eastern Mind 288 the profession and begins to drive out all conflicting views. It can also happen that a certain mind-set develops and becomes accepted without much awareness of it on the part of the participants. In such a situation, it will take a radical alternative view to make us aware of our implicit assumptions and silently operative precomprehensions and prejudices, and summon us to reflect on the meaning of our doing and on the adequacy of our concepts. In psychology we seem to be ready for radical questions and the critical examination of our ruling paradigm at this time. Both Western existentialism (particularly the work of Martin Heidegger) and Eastern philosophico-religious thinking (in the form of Hinduism, Buddhism, Taoism, and Zen) have in recent years vigorously entered into the debate of American psychology and have had a liberating and opening-up effect on our discipline, forcing us to consider enlarging and refounding our paradigm.
This article utilises Rokeach's categorisation of values (i.e. moral, competency, personal and social) to analyse how values influence the choice of research method. It discusses how the ontological and epistemological position adopted by the researcher is influenced by their competency and personal values. The next section is concerned with the social values (or politics) of educational research, where the debate has polarised between those advocating a value-neutral approach and those who argue that researchers should instead accept the partisan nature of research. Finally, the issue of research ethics is considered. Moral values are found to play an important role, but other values also influence the ethical decisions that are taken. The article concludes by highlighting how the complex interaction of the researcher's moral, competency, personal and social values has an important influence on the research process. The article contends that research methods cannot be value-free in their application, but researchers should adopt a reflexive approach and attempt to be honest and open about how values influence their research.
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