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The Field of Cultural Production: Essays on Art and Literature
... Second, journalism may be considered a semi-professionalized field, a nomenclature combining multiple terms. Professional fields are described as loosely connected sets of actors sharing similar practices and values who patrol the boundaries of their own field to determine membership (Bourdieu, 1993;see Benson, 2006, for an application to the journalistic case). Professionalism and professionalization consider the extent to which a field has developed its own values and norms that practitioners have autonomy to apply according to their judgment (Evetts, 2011;Örnebring and Karlsson, 2022). ...
... Each memory the journalist described-making friends, getting internships, keeping up with fellow journalists-relates to the journalist's own position in the field. For these journalists, Twitter's utility did not lie in its instrumental uses that trace back to organizational values, but rather its ability to reify field membership, social support, and career advancement, or what Bourdieu (1993) saw as a form of social or cultural capital. In fact, many journalists reported they finally stopped using Twitter once they (a) no longer experienced relational benefits and (b) could fulfill their relational needs elsewhere. ...
... In journalism, previous work has noted the rise of discourse positioning journalists as marketers (Tandoc and Vos, 2016;Vos et al., 2023) to justify audienceattracting strategies such as search-engine optimization and clickbait. Our findings indicate journalists readily echo orthodox views of the field in their rationalized explanations for using social media in their work, emphasizing the importance of journalistic capital (Bourdieu, 1993), even while acknowledging their practices diverged and ultimately fulfilled more personal goals, such as solidarity when facing layoffs. ...
Journalists’ social media use is a recent example of long-standing gaps between journalistic discourse and journalistic practice. This manuscript applies the sociological concept of rationalization to explain the persistence of this gap, theorizing that the need for rational explanations of one’s work is so powerful for journalists that they offer one description publicly, or to their bosses, while practicing something different. We apply rationalization theory to reflect on journalism’s love affair with Twitter, now that many journalists and their organizations have deprioritized the platform. In interviews, journalists indeed could readily offer rational explanations for Twitter’s use and purpose in journalism, but further questions revealed that common practices didn’t serve the stated purposes; instead, journalists’ attachment to the platform was primarily relational. We argue humans’ inherent sociality, individuals’ response to a field in crisis, and journalism’s acute need for social validation may contribute to this disconnect.
... For Bourdieu, fields are social spaces of relations within which actors and institutions compete for resources and capital according to implicit or explicit rules of the game (Go and Krause 2016;Bourdieu and Wacquant 1992). While Bourdieu (1993) wrote about national fields of cultural production, more recent work describes fields where conflict and competition transcend national borders (Casanova 2005;Sapiro 2010;Buchholz 2018;Go and Krause 2016;Levitt 2019). In such cases, according to Buchholz (2018, 19), strong tensions between "centers" and "peripheries" still predominate. ...
... At the same time, publications have their own rules and proclivities that influence what they review (Janssen 1998). Because reviewing is a social practice, critics are also influenced by what their peers review (Bourdieu 1993) and by the interpretative strategies that are popular at a particular time (Griswold 1987;Corse and Griffin 1997;Chong 2011 ...
... These 22 publishers reflect the variety that categorizes the broader American publishing field: large publishing conglomerates, small in-dependent publishers, and university-affiliated presses (Milliot 2017). Conglomerates map onto the pole of largescale production, which follows a market logic, whereas smaller independents and university presses represent the pole of small-scale production, which operates by the symbolic rules of the literary field (Bourdieu 1993;Sapiro 2015). ...
This article examines the production and prominence of literature translated into English, asking how far we have come toward decentering America’s literary offerings. Through analyses of the Publishers Weekly Translation Database, we find that global linguistic representation in American publishing remains low and skewed heavily toward the colonial languages of traditional cultural centers, with translations from French, Spanish, and German making up 45 percent of translations published in the United States. Books written in French tend to traverse pathways to translation that reinforce cultural hierarchies, whereas Spanish-language books get translated through different pathways that sometimes circumvent and sometimes include traditional centers. Approximately 60 percent of books translated into English are published by smaller-scale, independent presses and university-affiliated presses. At the pole of large-scale production, where the other 40 percent of translated literature is produced, there is increasing concentration among large conglomerate publishers. The recent entry of Amazon’s publishing arm has also dramatically increased the production of mass-market translated fiction in the United States.
But the question remains: how and where does translated literature become known and accessible to the American reading public? To find answers, we surveyed recent initiatives by mainstream media outlets to promote global literature and translations. Using two audit methods, we assess the visibility of translated books in the New York Times Book Review between 2008 and 2021. We found that only 5 percent of New York Times Book Review items include translated books, and that translations from French, German, Spanish, and Italian account for over half of those receiving full critical reviews. We conclude our discussion by suggesting that user-generated online platforms, such as Goodreads.com or Bookriot.com, may be fruitful sites for further investigation of how translated books might gain greater visibility among American readers. This digital literary sphere is ripe ground for further work seeking to understand the possibilities for diffusion and reception of translated literature and how this might advance the decentering of the global literary field.
... Studies have shown that parental educational attainment highly influences the child's educational attainment. Such studies often draw on the theoretical concepts of habitus, field and capital developed by Pierre Bourdieu (1983Bourdieu ( , 1993 to examine the mechanisms that contribute to the reproduction of social inequality. However, in recent years, there has been an increase in the number of studies highlighting that cultural fit, habitus transformations and success of educational climbers have received comparatively little attention (Miethe 2017;Käpplinger et al. 2019;Lehmann 2023). ...
... The concept of habitus in particular has been regarded as too constraining and limiting of people's agency, suggesting that dispositions and beliefs are solely stratified by structural factors related to class, gender and ethnicity ). Even though Bourdieu (1993) also describes habitus as a 'transforming machine' that, while reproducing the dominant social conditions, does this in an unpredictable way, he did not systematically conceptualise how such transformations can take place. ...
Current transformations in higher education—such as increasing diversity within the student population—and their impact on the participation of underrepresented groups call for theoretical perspectives that are able to take into account the interplay between the reproduction of educational inequalities and the transformation of parental heritage. In this paper, I present a novel combination of Pierre Bourdieu’s theoretical concepts and the ‘conduct of everyday life’ concept to illuminate the complexities students from underrepresented groups can face along their educational journeys. I argue that such a combination can link students’ study-related experiences to their broader life contexts and can bring attention to how other life domains impact the organisation and experience of university life for students from underrepresented groups. This theoretical perspective can also shed more light on the invisible and subtle ways in which inequalities play out. This paper contributes to opening up future discussions about how we can adequately grasp the experiences of students from underrepresent groups to successfully tackle the inequities these students can face and how to move forward to a more equitable higher education system for all.
... Structural perspectives-complemented by cultural explanations of social issues-penetrated the traditional sociological theoretical lens. Cultural theorists such as Michelle Lamont and Fournier [36], Pierre Bourdieu [37], and Jeffrey Alexander [38] illuminated the importance of cultural interpretations in making sense of social reality. Since the mid-1990s, qualitative content analysis has been consolidated as a suitable methodology for exploring and describing socio-cultural phenomena. ...
... Qualitative text analysis prompts analytical induction and theory formulation. In the early 1970s, content analysis entered the qualitative methodological domains and was established in the fields of ethnomethodology [39], grounded theory [40], critical social research [36], historical research [37], ethical research [38], and phenomenological research [39]. There are seven broad categories of qualitative content analysis, classified as follows: (a) rhetorical narrative analysis, which emphasizes the way a textual or symbolic message is presented, (b) narrative analysis, which describes characteristics of the main actors presented in the text, (c) discourse analysis, which focuses on the manifest meaning of the words and the themes created by the segments of the words (terms) appearing in texts, (d) semiotic analysis, which focuses on the meaning of textual and symbolic material, (e) interpretive analysis, which involves theory formulation via observation, conceptualization, and coding of texts, (f) conversational analysis, which is part of ethnomethodology analyzing conversation content from a naturalistic perspective, and (g) critical analysis, which examines how the characters within a given context are presented [41]. ...
Textual analysis is grounded in conceptual schemes of traditional qualitative and quantitative content analysis techniques that have led to the hybridization of methodological styles widely used across social scientific fields. This entry delivers an extensive review of the origins and evolution of text analysis within the domains of traditional content analysis. Emphasis is given to the conceptual schemas and operational structure of latent semantic analysis, and its capacity to detect topical clusters of large corpora. Further, this entry describes the operations of Entity–Aspect Sentiment Analysis which are designed to measure and assess sentiments/opinions within specific contextual domains of textual data. Then, this entry conceptualizes and elaborates on the potential of streamlining latent semantic and Entity–Aspect Sentiment Analysis complemented by Correspondence Analysis, generating an integrated operational scheme that would detect the topic structure, assess the contextual sentiment/opinion for each detected topic, test for statistical dependence of sentiments/opinions across topical domains, and graphically display conceptual maps of sentiments in topics space.
... Patrick Kelly's playful, excessive, and highly stylized approach to fashion aligns closely with Queer Theoretical exploration of gender performativity, identity fluidity, and subversion of dominant norms. Queer Theory, emerging in the late 20th century through the works of scholars such as (Butler 1990), Sedgwick (2003, 1993, 1985, and Muñoz (2009Muñoz ( , 1999, critiques heteronormative structures and emphasizes how identity is constructed through performative acts rather than innate essence. Susan Sontag's "Notes on Camp" (1964) and later Queer theorists such as Esther Newton (1972) and Jack Halberstam (2005) ...
... Fashion has long been a coded system of communication, where garments are not merely functional but imbued with cultural meaning (Bourdieu 2002(Bourdieu , 1993(Bourdieu , 1991(Bourdieu , 1990a(Bourdieu , 1990b(Bourdieu , 1986(Bourdieu , 1984(Bourdieu , 1977Entwistle, 2002). As Stuart Hall argues, meaning is produced within structures of power and ideology (Hall 1980), making gendered fashion an arena of hegemonic norms and resistance. ...
... Such issues become even more pertinent if they are linked to an effort to archive canonical games as cultural heritage by a national institute, since this positions games in the complex social system of institutions (like museums) and other actors (funding organizations, critics etc.) which are capable of legitimizing the medium (cf. Bourdieu 1993). This, in turn, is all the more interesting when realizing that the Dutch history of games is not necessarily well-known and does not necessarily stand in high regard with game critics and enthusiast. ...
... By looking at the politics of constructing a Dutch games canon, which makes claims about a specific national history of game culture, we adopt a sociocultural approach (cf. Bourdieu 1993) to games and situate our work in larger recent discussions on game preservation (Newman 2012;Swalwell, 2013;Nylund 2015;Newman & Simons 2018) and the related matter of museum presentation (Prax et al. 2016;Naskali et al. 2017;Nylund 2018) as well as game history in general (Huhtamo 2012;Guins, 2014;Suominen 2017). Our work here can be seen as a games historiography, an approach which aims to "make sense of how we write about the history of games, what kind of activity it actually is, and what are the narratives, interpretations or other 'discursive' rules that govern this kind of writing" (Mäyrä 2008, 32). ...
In this paper, we provide insight into the politics of forming a national games canon by the Netherlands Institute for Sound and Vision, one of the biggest audiovisual cultural heritage institutions in the Netherlands. From a historiographical perspective, the paper investigates how different stakes and commitments of the different actors involved (the authors included) during the different stages of admission and selection are inherently connected. From a unique insider's perspective, we recognize that more pragmatic concerns around preservation and archival efforts of the Institute collapse with the socioculturally-driven aims of the canon as a history of Dutch games, a process we call the politics of acquisition.
... However, others have disclosed to us that differences between clients can be quite crucial, with the overall creative workflow depending fundamentally on the individual representative of the client one liaises with. In terms of our analytical approach, it is important to us to recognise said heterogeneity, and we have no intention to try to "resolve" it, recognising the complex relationship between consensus and dissensus that may be found in any given field (Bourdieu, 1993). Rather, with our focus on what happens when globalising structures meet established national working practices and cultures, we set out to identify overarching patterns whilst making space for tension and nuance. ...
... Despite its value creation and profound cultural impact on the consumption of audiovisual media around the world, dubbing both as practice and industry is perceived (by all practitioners we spoke to) as fundamentally marginalised within the screen industry. This "shadow existence" feeds into it being a specifically intricate and complex field of cultural struggle (Bourdieu, 1993), marked by noticeable heterogeneity and inconsistency characterising the working relationships between creative practitioners and clients. These interactions, though part of "well-developed professional cultures of reflection and debate" (Born, 2000, p. 422) are "uneven," as they are strikingly individually motivated and negotiated, despite much public-facing rhetoric concerning standardisation. ...
This article offers a comprehensive analysis of how increasingly globalised infrastructures, marked by industry expansion, consolidation, and the impact of streamers, affect the workflows and practices within local dubbing industries. Informed by extensive, original interviews with managerial and creative dubbing practitioners, and industry fieldwork observations since 2017, the article is located within a post-Bourdieuian framework, exploring what significant change for the field and its habitus has meant for agency. Having identified a persistent lack of engagement with the dubbing of television in existing scholarship across several disciplines, the article considers how dubbing practitioners negotiate a wider industrial push towards more streamlining, standardisation, and more attendance to issues concerning equity, diversity, and inclusion. Here, the article offers the notion of oblique agency, to capture how creative agency is moved away from local creative practitioners, through more managerial oversight, prescriptive guidance and tools, and feedback cultures shaped by corporate agendas. Simultaneously, some agency is left to these practitioners, most acutely felt in the case of dubbing contemporary television (marked by narrative and tonal complexity), due to a lack of investment and recognition of dubbing as inherently creative. The article takes care to explore the complexities of these dynamics, especially a pronounced heterogeneity of views, including simultaneous criticism and enjoyment by creative practitioners, as well as a considerable gap between their perspectives and those of managerial practitioners. In this way, the article seeks to make a much-needed contribution to nuanced engagement with dubbing infrastructures and working practices.
... Early 'gains' in the game allow winners to accumulate more capital, and secure more gains in subsequent games, while unsuccessful individuals may give up and withdraw from the playing field entirely (Rigney, 2010). Bourdieu (1993) views the degree of autonomy as a critical property of a field, which is 'the capacity it has gained, in the course of its development, to insulate itself from external influences and to uphold its own criteria of evaluation over and against those of neighboring or intruding fields' (Wacquant, 2007, p. 269). Bourdieu (1998) also acknowledges co-existence of fields of practice alongside relative autonomy, such as the field of higher education and its position in relation to the field of employment or to the wider field of power. ...
... Institutional habitus manifests different academic environments, such as responsibilized habitus in neoliberal fields of workplace, which creates symbolic violence to encourage neoliberalized resilience for career advancement; and destabilized habitus characterized by dispositions of insecurity, suffering, and stress (Bourdieu & Wacquant, 1992). Instead of radical approaches which risk expulsion, Bourdieu (1998) recommended a resilient disposition which perceives and appreciates the objective chances of attaining capital in 'a space of possibles' (Bourdieu, 1993), and reflexivity as a possible vehicle for emancipation (Bourdieu, 1998). ...
Drawing on the perspective of Bourdieu’s field theory, this phenomenological study examined the professional state and challenges of six mid-career EFL (English as a foreign language) teacher educators in a regional comprehensive university in China. One-to-one semi-structured interviews were utilized to collect data. It was found that the participants experienced identity tensions and a marginalized status due to chronic heavy workload and research stagnation. Their professional state was found to have been caused by the continuous interplay between the institutional-social constraints in the neoliberalized academic field, their knowledge-focused habitus, and the chauvinistic society at large. Implications are drawn for all the parties concerned in different cultural and educational contexts to enhance the professional wellbeing of teacher educators in regional comprehensive universities.
... To this end, one might consider the role that value attributed to language and culture play in determining measures of success. Following the work of Bourdieu (1993), Fairclough (1992), and Foucault (1976), this work prompts reflection on language attitudes and discourses that exist both in the school and in the society. I consider whether the positioning of languages other than the standardized English presents as an impediment to students' academic success and socioeconomic advancement. ...
... Within this enabling milieu, a plurality of bar cultures (Hilderbrand 2023) and "specialized erotic worlds" (Green 2008:29) blossomed-from lesbian bars to leather bars-each with its own sensibilities, styles, hierarchies, and carefully crafted spaces. Queer nightlife thus represents a multidecade and multigenerational field of cultural production and participation (Bourdieu 1993;Ghaziani 2025). Like any field, it is subject to reformulation, as its rules are continually renegotiated, contested, and elaborated. ...
To capture the complexity of the social world, researchers sometimes must color outside the lines, or break the mold of orthodox methods to bring under-examined phenomena into view. Queer nightlife is a case in point. It often takes forms that are fleeting, in flux, and which thus can seem empirically elusive. We argue that this complexity need not prompt methodological nihilism; it instead can serve as a catalyst for devising new approaches for research. In this spirit, we revisit two core questions. First: What counts as evidence? We propose that ethnography attuned to ephemerality enriches inferences about nightlife without reducing it to numerical trends. Second: How do we study change? We introduce a palimpsestic approach that equips researchers to examine the historical dynamism of nightlife. In our discussion of each question, we suggest that what appears as a chaotic, messy, and evasive object of study can in fact be rigorously characterized if we creatively recalibrate our methods. Across both sections, we offer methodological invitations from the study of queer nightlife which may prove broadly useful to researchers interested in ephemeral or changing social worlds.
... Del mismo modo, esta perspectiva refuerza el argumento de que el desarrollo del cine nacional no puede dejarse exclusivamente a las fuerzas del mercado, sino que requiere intervención activa del Estado mediante políticas públicas de fomento a la producción, distribución y exhibición de obras locales. Tales políticas deben incluir incentivos fiscales, sistemas de financiamiento, cuotas de pantalla, formación profesional y mecanismos de cooperación regional, con el objetivo de preservar la diversidad cultural y reducir la dependencia de los modelos hegemónicos de representación (Bourdieu P. , 1993;UNESCO, 2021). ...
... Almost 15 years later, Michael Watts (1983) used the term rupture to illustrate the breakdown of peasant production in response to market fluctuation in his study of drought and famine in Northern Nigeria. And, ten years on, Bourdieu and Johnson (1993) used rupture to describe the historical moments within social institutions that generate change. These scholars use the term to denote a disruption or fissure in the status quo, but they do not define rupture or its conceptual qualities through which broader instances of social and environmental change can be elucidated. ...
Volume 18 | Issue 2 Wilmsen, B.; Yeremia, A.E.; Rogers, S. and Afiff, S.A. 2025. Rupture and its temporalities at Indonesia's Jatigede dam. Water Alternatives 18(2): Wilmsen et al.: Rupture and its temporalities at Indonesia's Jatigede dam ABSTRACT: In 2015, a long-proposed dam project was finally completed in West Java, Indonesia. Ultimately financed and built by Chinese actors, Jatigede Dam entailed a series of drawn-out processes of proposal, land acquisition, withdrawal, finance, and compensation. While the social impacts of dams are usually observed within fixed temporal boundaries, in this article we argue that a focus on 'project time', strictly bounded by planning and construction timeframes, obscures the broader conditions that render people displaceable and that disrupt nature-society relations. To better illuminate the lived experience of displacement and resettlement at Jatigede we engage Mahanty and colleagues' (2023) analytic of rupture, which provides an extended temporal and spatial frame. Through analysis of 24 interviews in the dam area, observation, and secondary data we detail the particular contours of rupture at Jatigede Dam and the crises that preceded and followed its construction. Our analysis understands dam construction to be embedded in broader processes of colonisation, transmigration, regime change, persecution, poor planning and governance, and inequality of opportunity. We conclude that the extended temporal frame of the rupture analytic captures the non-linear but interrelated, long-term processes that shape dam construction, displacement and resettlement to provide a richer understanding of nature-society disruption. By deepening the temporal dimension of rupture through the voices of those impacted by the Jatigede Dam, we provide a richer, socio-culturally contextualised understanding of time and its implications in hydropower developments.
... He argues that media practices in new media take the same pattern as traditional media, the "social and political processes such as decision-making processes, the structure of editorial meetings and ideological disputes" (Atton, 2008, 213). Drawing on what Johnson and Bourdieu (1993) calls "habitus", Atton (2008, p. 213) observes that the "habitus of practitioners affects how they participate in social arena of media production", highlighting that the habitus of alternative media might have been developed from the experiences of the mainstream media. ...
Digital technologies have transformed the media industry, revolutionising how content is produced, distributed, and consumed. This is especially apparent in newsrooms across Africa, where digital tools are reshaping media culture and journalistic practices. While some countries face resource constraints, technology continues to influence news production even in the least technologically advanced regions. This edited volume explores how emerging technologies impact media culture, particularly within African newsrooms, and examines the intersection of technological advancements and traditional journalism. It highlights the shift from print to digital-first strategies, the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in news reporting, and the growing influence of social media on news consumption. Moreover, it emphasises the importance of adapting newsroom practices to the demands of the attention economy while maintaining journalistic standards. The theoretical and methodological approaches adopted in the various case studies examined in this edited volume are unpacked.
... He argues that media practices in new media take the same pattern as traditional media, the "social and political processes such as decision-making processes, the structure of editorial meetings and ideological disputes" (Atton, 2008, 213). Drawing on what Johnson and Bourdieu (1993) calls "habitus", Atton (2008, p. 213) observes that the "habitus of practitioners affects how they participate in social arena of media production", highlighting that the habitus of alternative media might have been developed from the experiences of the mainstream media. ...
This chapter reflects on the broader arguments of the 10 chapters in this edited volume and argues that while technologies such as AI and automation remain a threat to the future of journalism in Africa, the ways individual journalists and media organisations have embraced them over the last two decades are shifting the discourse towards a more nuanced perspective of how technologies are transforming the profession. While reflecting on the different case studies examined in this volume, this chapter summarises how developments in individual countries paint a new picture of the future of journalism. It puts into perspective how journalists and media organisations in the continent are navigating issues like low literacy levels, shoestring budgets, low internet penetration and poor newsroom infrastructure, which many studies have relied upon as key impediments for African media to go digital. More importantly, the chapter shows how the contributions in this volume connect media practice and culture to demonstrate the impact of technologies. The main argument is that technologies are indeed shaping African newsrooms, and the more they continue to enter the newsrooms, the more we should expect major changes to the journalism profession.
... Pierre Bourdieu (1993) identifies three primary forms of capital relevant to the translation field: 'Cultural Capital', which refers to The knowledge, skills, and qualifications that translators bring to their work, such as linguistic expertise or familiarity with source and target cultures. 'Social Capital' refers to Networks of relationships and connections with publishers, editors, and professional organizations that can facilitate access to opportunities and resources. ...
This paper examines the interdisciplinary evolution of Translation Studies, highlighting its expansion from a linguistics-centered discipline to a multifaceted field incorporating insights from sociology, psychology, cultural studies, and technology. Translation is framed as more than linguistic transfer-it is a mediator of cultural exchange, power relations, and identity formation across societies. Drawing on key theories and works such as Susan Bassnett's Translation Studies (1980), which introduces the foundational frameworks of the discipline; Maria Tymoczko's Translation in a Postcolonial Context (1999), which explores translation as a tool for decolonization and cultural hybridity; and Lawrence Venuti's The Translator's Invisibility: A History of Translation (1995), which develops the concept of 'domestication' and 'foreignization' strategies by referring translation historical development of translation as well as power dynamics, cultural and ideological implicatio, the study explores how Translation Studies now engages with global issues such as migration, multilingualism, and cultural hybridity. It also addresses the impact of technology, such as machine translation and digital tools, on reshaping translation practices and redefining the translator's role. By adopting an interdisciplinary approach, the paper emphasizes the need for Translation Studies to continuously adapt to evolving societal and technological landscapes. This study concludes that Translation Studies has positioned itself as a critical field for understanding complex cultural and communicative dynamics in an increasingly interconnected world.
... It is these two phenomena that evoke my concerns as regards the feminization of laborwomen constitute the majority of the workforce yet enjoy less visibility in the flourishing audio drama sector. As Bourdieu (1993) suggests, the workplace cultures and divisions of labor often mimic the existing sociopolitical hierarchies and power structures. Similarly, Terranova (2013) explores how the exploitation of digital labor is often gendered, reflecting broader societal patterns of inequality. ...
This study examines the struggling lived experiences of women workers in the Chinese audio drama industry, through a mixed-methods approach involving online and on-site observations, as well as multi-round interviews with voice actors, and technical and administrative professionals from seven distinct Chinese audio drama crews. I reveal a pronounced process-the feminization of labor-within this burgeoning creative sector. The feminization of labor, understood here as a constant process of invisibility and vulnerability. Within the Chinese audio drama industry, female workers are stuck in invisibility, frequently find themselves relegated to backstage roles, and subject to an inflexible flexibility whereby work is discursively overloaded and becomes inextricably linked with life, while their male colleagues occupy more prominent and supervisory positions. Despite contributing creatively, women's efforts often go unnoticed and are rendered invisible. Then by spotlighting the challenges faced by female voice actresses and audio drama professionals, I explicate the systemic gender biases, which result in women receiving limited opportunities, lower incomes, and reduced visibility compared to their male counterparts. I argue that the current state of gender inequality is a consequence of deeply ingrained binary gender beliefs that shape the choices of voice actors in audio dramas, along with uneven progress across various genres, including danmei, heterosexual romances, and female-female romances, stemming from the entrenched Chinese hetero-patriarchal socio-familial system and the party-state's heteronormative censorship practices.
... Despite these challenges, most translators find "symbolic profit" (Sapiro 2013: 74), in other words, personal satisfaction, a sense of commitment and vocation, and professional relationships more rewarding than financial gain. This prioritisation of intrinsic rewards over monetary ones reflects what Bourdieu (1990Bourdieu ( , 1993 describes as illusio, a deep personal commitment that motivates individuals in creative fields. (Heino 2017(Heino , 2020 This study examines the Finnish literary translation sector, focusing on the interactions and competition between its participants, especially the roles of translators and publishers. ...
Lectio praecursoria, Tampere University, 22 November 2024
... Experiments and research works are primary drivers of the generation of the human knowledge. As the human knowledge is facilitated by an organized language (Chomsky, 1965), so is by the communications and related publications (Bourdieu, 1993). The accompanying increase in the number of journals and other publications supports this idea. ...
... Las relaciones con otras 26 Para leer más sobre los estudios realizados sobre Zayas con perspectiva de género ver Treviño Salazar, 2019: CCLXVII-CCC. obras a menudo se traducen en forma de ataques, o bien para transformar o bien para conservar las reglas establecidas de este campo (Bourdieu, 1993). En mi opinión, si leemos algunos pasajes de la obra con tema femenino desde esta perspectiva podemos ver el posicionamiento de Zayas en el campo literario. ...
Las dos entregas de Honesto y entretenido sarao (1637 y 1647) son fruto de un planteamiento trabado, en el que la escritora hace literatura sobre cómo hacer literatura. El topos elegido (un sitio semi-privado), la reunión de varios personajes y el tono usado en un sarao con tintes de discusiones académicas obedecen a la finalidad de reflexionar sobre la literatura en sí y sobre el mundo literario. Zayas introduce sus reflexiones sobre la literatura en su propia creación literaria convirtiéndolas en un factor importante en la articulación narrativa de las dos partes de su obra.
... In the last few decades, the number of film festivals around the world has increased rapidly, gaining the attention of scholars in film studies, media studies, event studies, and geography. As key nodes of knowledge production and cultural valuation, film festivals have been explored in relation to Bourdieu's (1993) notion of the field (de Valck, 2016), and Latour's networks (de Valck, 2007;Elsaesser, 2005). They have also been seen as constituents of transnational flows (Beaty, 2021), and as time-space conjunctions (Harbord, 2016). ...
This Major Research Paper examines urban cultural infrastructure through a case study of the Toronto International Film Festival (TIFF). As a public-facing, industry-oriented film festival, TIFF anchors Toronto's identity as a "film city", driving tangible and intangible infrastructure development across multiple spatial and temporal registers. TIFF's activities in their headquarters, the Lightbox, and in the surrounding Entertainment District neighbourhood foster connections at the local, national, and international scales. These connections generate spillover effects for the film industry and the wider cultural and creative sector. These findings point to film festivals' impacts on the economic, physical, and cultural profiles of host cities. The research offers insights for scholars, policymakers, and practitioners on how cultural industries shape the urban realm.
... Bourdieu also uses the metaphor of the game in his other books, in which he develops the concept of the field (Bourdieu, 2011), in this case also more in relation to the question of rules. The recognition of rules, the proficiency in using them, is in turn linked to his important notion of practical sense, which allows an individual to be immersed in a given community to carry out complex actions that accurately predict their consequences. ...
Why do two reviewers evaluate the same research so differently? The book explores the hidden mechanisms behind academic gatekeeping, uncovering how reviewers’ judgments shift depending on their underlying logic—whether based on truth-seeking, scholarly reputation, or rigid metrics. By focusing on cases with conflicting outcomes and inconsistencies in standards, it offers a rare glimpse into the complex and (sometimes) unpredictable world of academic promotion. This research not only dissects academic practices within Polish sociology but also provides a broader understanding of how global pressures reshape local scientific communities.
... Sastra tidak hanya sebagai medium estetis tetapi juga sebagai dokumen sosial yang merekam pergolakan sejarah dan dinamika sosial. Menurut Pierre Bourdieu, karya sastra dipengaruhi oleh field sosial yang mencakup hubungan kekuasaan dan struktur ekonomi-politik (Bourdieu, 1993). RDP menggambarkan bagaimana perubahan politik nasional, seperti peristiwa 1965, memengaruhi kehidupan masyarakat pedesaan. ...
This article examines the accusations of PKI affiliation contained in the novel Ronggeng Dukuh Paruk Ahmad Tohari's work, with a literary sociology approach. This novel describes the lives of village communities are hit by social and political tensions after the incident G30S/PKI. Through the main character Srintil, a ronggeng who is trapped in stigma politics, this article analyzes how accusations of PKI affiliation affect social dynamics and culture in the village. The focus of this study is to understand how social elements, especially gender and the role of women in Batak custom, interact with greater political power, and how this is reflected in the novel's narrative structure. By using literary sociology theory, this research also discusses identity social and political aspects are formed through literary texts, as well as the implications of these accusations on the formation of morality and views of society at that time. Through analysis It is hoped that this article will contribute to the understanding of the relationship between literature, politics and social identity in Indonesia, especially in context post-1965 history.
... The concept of 'habitus' was developed by the French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu (1984: 170), who defined it as an array of 'classifiable practices and works and the capacity to differentiate and appreciate those practices and products (taste) that represent the social world'. According to Bourdieu (1984;Bourdieu and Johnson, 1993), those with social power monopolize ways of seeing and classifying things according to their 'good' tastes, and class power is the ability to create new forms of discernment (Bridge, 2006b). ...
Why does seemingly innocent wanghong (online celebrity) consumption—recording appreciation for a place and sharing photos of it on social media platforms—cause neighbourhood changes and instigate exclusionary pressures called ‘fashionable people phobia’? Following a critical analysis of this trend in Dongshankou, Guangzhou, I argue that a new urban aestheticization process is under way in the digital age, revealing the emergence of a new cultural class in China. This phenomenon is a product of China's domestic digital ecosystem, which produces preferred forms of new urban aesthetics through the power of digital platforms in virtual space, resulting in conflicting cultural representations of Dongshankou in virtual and urban spaces. Due to the interrelated dynamics of digital and urban spaces, the urban transformation of Dongshankou manifests as a new form of urban development mediated by digital technologies rather than gentrification. My argument is based on a comparative analysis of gentrification and the ‘fashionable people phobia’ phenomenon, which found that the exclusionary pressures are based more on cultural questions around aesthetics than on socioeconomic status change—a result of China's middle‐class identity being represented by cultural tastes that depoliticize the importance of social classes.
z Çeviribilimde sosyolojik dönüşle birlikte, çeviri toplumsal bir eylem ve ürün olarak ele alınmış ve araştırmacıların odak noktası metinlerden ziyade çevirinin arka planında yer alan ve çeviri sürecine yön veren eyleyiciler olmuştur. Toplumsal bir eyleyici olarak çevirmen de sosyal ve kültürel bir çevre içinde konumlanmakta ve tercihlerini çeviri ürüne yansıtmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı ünlü gotik (korku) edebiyatı yazarı Stephen King'in "1408" (1408), "L.T.'s Theory of Pets" (L.T.'nin Evcil Hayvanlar Teorisi) ve "Riding the Bullet" (Lunapark Treni) adlı üç kısa öyküsünün İngilizce-Türkçe çevirilerini karşılaştırmalı olarak incelemek ve bu analizden yola çıkarak çevirmen kararlarını etkileyen sosyo-kültürel faktörleri ortaya koymaktır. Karşılaştırmalı çeviri incelemesinde hedef kültür okurlarının sosyal ve kültürel farklılıklarına atfedilebilecek örnekler incelenecektir. Bulunan örnekler Pierre Bourdieu'nün habitus kavramı temelinde analiz edilecek ve habitusun toplumsal yönünün çeviriye olan etkileri açığa çıkarılacaktır. Araştırma nesnesi olarak korku edebiyatının seçilmesinin nedeni, bu türün çeviri incelemelerinde daha az yer edinmesi ve olay örgüsü çoğunlukla psikolojik öğelere yapılan göndermelerden oluşsa da toplumsal ve kültürel bir yönünün de olduğunun düşünülmesidir. Çalışmaya konu olan üç öykü 2002 yılında yayımlanan Karanlık Öyküler (Everything's Eventual) koleksiyonu içinde yer almaktadır. Bu eser 2002 yılında Canan Kim tarafından çevrilmiş ve Altın Kitaplardan yayına çıkmıştır. Anahtar sözcükler: Çevirmen sosyolojisi, Stephen King, kısa öykü, korku edebiyatı, çevirmen kararları THE ROLE OF HUMAN AGENT IN GOTHIC (HORROR) LITERATURE TRANSLATION Abstract With the sociological turn in translation studies, translation has been treated as a social action and product, and rather than the texts themselves, the focus of researchers has been on the agents that take place in the background of translation and shape the translation process. As a social agent, the translator is positioned within a social and cultural environment and reflects his/her preferences on the translation product. The aim of this study is to comparatively examine the English-Turkish translations of the famous gothic (horror) writer Stephen King's three short stories, "1408", "L.T.'s Theory of Pets" and "Roller Coaster", and to reveal the socio-cultural factors that affect the translator's decisions based on this analysis. In the comparative translation analysis, examples that can be attributed to the social and cultural differences of the target culture readers will be examined.
African universities are often considered teaching-intensive as opposed to being research-oriented. More recently, however, some flagship universities are focusing on becoming more research-intensive. Against this backdrop, and taking the case of two flagship universities in Ethiopia and Mozambique, this multidisciplinary PhD research investigates the major English language-related issues that have implications for research publishing. A particular focus is given to concerns about the English language with the argument that although the language serves as a gateway through which universities and researchers join global knowledge systems, the implications of its use for multilingual scholars, especially in African contexts where the language is additional or foreign, remain under-investigated. Semi-structured in-depth interviews with 40 academic staff members and university leaders across career stages and disciplines inform the analysis of the study. Bibliometric data from Scopus is used to assess language and research publishing landscapes, provide a robust case description and support the primarily qualitative study. A theoretical framework is adopted from Bourdieu’s views on language as cultural capital, and perspectives are drawn from rethinking higher education in terms of decolonisation to provide comprehensive coverage of the multi-faceted research objectives.
The findings suggest that English is perceived as both an asset and a liability among researchers in both case study universities. Impacts on research quality, quantity and access to research-related capital varied depending on subjective understandings of these dimensions and perceived levels of individual and collective English language capital. Disciplinary differences were also noted in the overall assessment of the research topic. In addition, this exploratory study highlighted the need to assess the impacts of English for research and publication purposes (ERPP) in relation to other core university functions such as teaching and learning and university-community engagement. The results also reveal that ERPP needs to be assessed in relation to other contextual variables that impact overall research production. Although the application of Bourdieu and decolonial perspectives provided a strong and nuanced theoretical lens for the study, the results demonstrated the need to complement the perspectives with theories with greater explanatory powers of the material conditions and cultural economy of knowledge production.
Bu araştırma, çağdaş tüketim toplumunda estetik kimliğin oluşum sürecini kültürel sermaye, popüler kültür ve dijital estetik temsiller bağlamında kuramsal düzlemde incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Araştırmanın temel problemi, estetik beğeninin bireysel ve özgün yönelimlerden mi yoksa kültürel sermaye aracılığıyla şekillenen ve ticarileştirilen temsillerden mi beslendiği sorusuna dayanmaktadır. Nitel araştırma yaklaşımı doğrultusunda belgesel tarama ve kuramsal çözümleme yöntemleri kullanılarak yapılandırılan çalışmada, estetik kimliğin bireyin sınıfsal konumu, dijital platformlardaki görünürlüğü ve popüler beğeni normlarına göre yönlendiği saptanmıştır. Kuramsal tartışmalar, estetik tercihlerde özgünlüğün giderek yerini tekrar eden görsel kalıplara ve gösteri merkezli sunumlara bıraktığını; sanat eserinin ise sanatçının kimliğini yansıtan bir ifade biçiminden ziyade tüketiciye hitap eden bir estetik göstergeye dönüşme eğiliminde olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Araştırma, estetik kimliğin bireysel ifadenin ötesinde kültürel, ekonomik ve medya temelli kodlarla örülü çok katmanlı bir temsil yapısı olduğunu ileri sürmekte; sanat eğitimi, görsel kültür okuryazarlığı ve dijital estetik bilinç üzerine geliştirilecek eleştirel yaklaşımlara kuramsal bir temel sunmaktadır.
In an era characterised by information saturation and the rapid evolution of digital communication platforms, the study of persuasive language is undergoing profound developments. Bringing together cutting-edge research from a team of internationally acclaimed experts, this timely book examines the transformations occurring in the domain of persuasive language in contemporary society. It dissects the intricate web of manipulation, influence and deception, providing in-depth analyses of the potent mechanisms governing communication. Each chapter offers empirical insights from a range of different scholarly perspectives, including corpus linguistics, conversation analysis, forensic linguistics, pragmatics, discourse analysis, phonetics and human-robot interactions. It opens with a comprehensive introductory chapter, making the research accessible to readers without extensive background knowledge. Equipping readers with the tools to critically engage with the multifaceted dynamics of language and persuasion, this is an indispensable resource for anyone striving to fathom the evolving realm of persuasive language.
En este ensayo se pretende examinar la postura de a Nueva Escuela Mexicana (NEM) en relación con la inclusión educativa, cuestionando su naturaleza y objetivos. Se toma como base a la Ley General de Educación de 2019 y el plan de estudios básico de 2022, enfatizando un enfoque reflexivo y crítico. A diferencia de reformas educativas anteriores, que priorizaban la eficiencia y la calidad como ejes rectores de la educación, la NEM se presenta como una respuesta a la desigualdad social, la pobreza y el neoliberalismo, sugiriendo que estos son los verdaderos obstáculos en el ámbito educativo. Se argumenta que, a partir de los ejes de inclusión, pensamiento crítico e interculturalidad, en la NEM elabora un discurso orientado hacia el cambio radical en el sistema educativo, enfatizando la formación para ejercer derechos, el reconocimiento de la diversidad y el fomento de un pensamiento autónomo. Sin embargo, a pesar de su retórica crítica, la NEM no ofrece alternativas respecto a estructuras y prácticas educativas ya establecidas. Se concluye que para avanzar hacia una educación que realmente cumpla con los principios de la NEM, es esencial que todos los involucrados en el sistema educativo estén dispuestos a cuestionar sus propias creencias y prácticas, experimentar con nuevas metodologías y propiciar un entorno que favorezca la equidad y la participación activa de todos los estudiantes.
This paper proposes the application of Yosso's Community Cultural Wealth (CCW) framework, rooted in the critical race theory (CRT), as a transformative lens for sport-based youth development (SBYD) research. Moving beyond traditional deficit-based models, which often depict youth as problematic or at-risk, CCW emphasizes recognizing and building upon the cultural strengths and assets of marginalized youth. We begin by reviewing the development of theoretical applications within the youth development, positive youth development (PYD), and SBYD literature to highlight the criticisms against conventional deficit-focused approaches. CCW offers an asset-oriented lens by offering six forms of capital-aspirational, linguistic, familial, social, navigational, and resistant-that are typically overlooked in mainstream frameworks. We illustrate how these forms of capital can reposition SBYD programs as spaces for cultivating resilience, identity, and social justice while addressing systemic inequities. By incorporating CCW with participatory research methods and critical theories, such as intersectionality and CRT, researchers can broaden the theoretical and methodological scope of SBYD. This paper concludes by suggesting practical implications for program design, organizational advocacy, and policy development, advocating for culturally responsive, community-led initiatives that prioritize the active engagement and empowerment of marginalized youth. In sum, CCW provides the "why" for critical SBYD research and practice.
The article is staged and designed to find theoretical and methodological grounds for identifying and analyzing unified factors that contribute to the organization of an effective communication management space in the regions of Russia. The article systematizes existing sociological approaches to the concept of the social agent. It provides dictionary definitions of terms “agent” and “actor”, which are often used interchangeably in academic literature. Through a theoretical analysis of works by international scientists there were identified three unified models of the social agent: the individual actor; the collective actor (subject); an intermediate type combining individual and collective aspects. This typology is applied to analyze contemporary managerial agents (practitioners) involved in the development and implementation of strategic state programs (the Strategy for Scientific and Technological Development, National Projects, etc.). The described models of social agent interaction contribute to a deeper understanding of the mechanisms forming the communicative space of management, as well as processes of unification and diversification in organization and formation of its structure. This article proposes a methodological approach to analyzing the properties of practitioners in the contemporary field of management. Based on a qualitative analysis of official documents, key characteristics of managers as social agents have been identified and unified, allowing preliminary conclusions about their role in the processes of strategic and spatial development of Russia. This article’s methodology for analyzing the properties of the social agents provides a foundation for future research assessing the potential standardization of management strategies across Russia. The authors emphasize the need for further research into regional characteristics, including sociocultural ones, for a more complete understanding of this issue.
Çeviribilim kuramlarında kültürel dönemeç olarak adlandırılan paradigma değişikliğiyle, çeviri sadece dilsel bir etkinlik değil aynı zamanda toplumsal bir kültür etkinliği olarak ele alınmaya başlanmıştır. Gideon Toury ve Itamar Even-Zohar’ın öncülüğünü yaptığı betimleyici paradigma, çeviriyi “kültür planlama” amacı kapsamında etkileşimde olduğu diğer dizgelerle beraber ve bu amacı gerçekleştirmeye çalışan “değişim eyleyicileri”nin rolleri de göz önünde bulundurarak ele almıştır. Çeviri sosyolojisi alt alanında yapılan çalışmalarla da çeviri eylemi ve ürününün toplumsal yönü irdelenmeye devam etmektedir. Bu toplumsal ve kültürel değişim süreçlerinin bir örneği olarak, tarihimizde yerleşik hayata geçmeleri ve Budizm'i kabul etmeleriyle dikkat çeken Eski Uygur Türkleri söz konusu dönemde aslında dillerarası, kültürlerarası ve dinlerarası bir etkileşim yaşamışlardır. Eski Uygurlar başta Çinceden olmak üzere Budist toplumların dillerinden yaptıkları çeviriler aracılığıyla Budizm’i tanımış, halka tanıtmış ve yeni dinlerini kendi mevcut dini inançları ile sentezleyerek Budizm için Uygurca bir terminoloji ve din dili oluşturmuşlardır. Özellikle yeni inşa edilen Budist tapınaklar ve tapınak mağaralar seyyahların ve din adamlarının dikkatini çekmiş ve Budizm’e ait eserlerin büyük çoğunluğu bu tapınaklarda Çinceden eski Uygurcaya çevrilmiştir. Eski Uygurlar, kendi din değiştirme süreçlerinde oluşturdukları bu din dilini Budizm’e yeni geçen diğer komşularına da aktarmıştır. Çeviribilim ve Türkoloji alanlarının kesişiminde disiplinlerarası bir çalışma olan bu makale, eski Uygurların yaşadıkları din değişimi ve din dili oluşturma sürecinde çevirinin rolünü betimleyici paradigmanın kültür odaklı terimleri ve sosyolog Pierre Bourdieu’nün kuramsal çerçevesiyle incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır.
Over the years, public procurement has gained attention among researchers and practitioners from diverse geographical areas owing to its notoriety as a conduit for corruption. Many studies have examined the subject of public procurement corruption (PPC), nevertheless, studies on the present and future trends in PPC research in developing countries are still patchy. This affected our understanding of the trends and issues in PPC studies in this context. Therefore, this study comprehensively reviews the trends in PPC in developing countries and provides directions for future studies. The study employed the Scientometric approach to analyse 152 documents from the Scopus database. The study unearthed the trends in the PPC domain, the most influential and prolific journals, authors, countries, institutions, and the co-occurrence network of keywords. Besides, the qualitative analysis revealed various themes in PPC studies namely: procurement-based corruption, procurement strategies and corruption, public procurement and corruption, bidder selection and corruption, preventative and remedial measures (accountability, transparency, technology, laws and regulations), gender and corruption, etc. This study adds to the body of knowledge in PPC studies by furnishing scholars with the trends and future avenues in PPC studies. Furthermore, this study arms practitioners and policymakers with some procurement mitigation strategies that can be used to reduce the menace of PPC, thereby promoting national development and alleviating poverty.
Bu çalışmada, romanların kültürel üretimler olarak metin analizi yoluyla incelendiğinde, iktidar ilişkilerinin ortaya çıkarılabileceği savunulmaktadır. Bu çerçevede Türkiye’de İslami çevrelerde üretilen veya yaygın şekilde okunan romanlar incelenmektedir. Dönemin özgün koşullarını gösteren Şule Yüksel Şenler, Ahmet Günbay Yıldız, Mehmet Efe ve Halime Toros’un birer romanı, toplumsal cinsiyet perspektifiyle ele alınarak, bu çerçevede kadınlık, erkeklik ve kadın-erkek ilişkilerinin kültürel olarak nasıl kurgulandığı analiz edilmektedir. Özellikle 1970’lerde köyden kente göç sürecinde hızla değişen toplumsal yapının içinde, İslamcı hareketin kadın bedeni üzerindeki kontrolünü sürdürme çabasında hidayet romanlarının rolü incelenmektedir. Bu bağlamda seçilen iki hidayet romanı, Huzur Sokağı (1970) ve Boşluk (1975) medeniyet söylemi çerçevesinde Batılı/İslami ve yozlaşmış/ahlaki karşıtlıkları kullanarak kadın bedeni üzerindeki tarihsel tahakkümün nasıl sürdürüldüğünü ortaya koymaktadır. Jacques Derrida’nın yapısöküm yöntemiyle, bu çalışma metinlere gömülü toplumsal ilişkileri, tahakküm biçimlerini ve itaat mekanizmalarını çözümlemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Ayrıca, seçilen iki hidayet romanı, 1990’lı yıllarda yazılmaya başlanan özeleştirel romanlardan Mızraksız İlmihal (1993) ve Halkaların Ezgisi (1997) ile karşılaştırılmaktadır. Böylece, feminizmin dindar kadın hareketi üzerindeki etkisi ve bu hareketin erkek egemen siyasi İslamcı yapıdan ve patriyarkadan uzaklaşma siyaseti içerik analizi yöntemiyle incelenmektedir.
Books by Sylvia Plath did not appear magically in bookshops and library shelves in the 1960s and 1970s, at the time when the field of women’s studies was emerging in universities. This chapter gives credit to Faber for creating markets for Sylvia Plath, and positioning her in the emerging canon of women’s poetry. The first section looks at Faber’s crucial role in developing the Plath brand, a brand closely attuned to the social changes of the 1960s and 1970s. With rising suicide rates among women in England and Wales, the Plath brand resonated among readers unsettled by rapid social transformations. In 1976, Aurelia Schober Plath tried to offer a more cheerful image of her daughter in Letters Home, but the cuts and controversial selection of letters led to criticisms. Siding with Ted Hughes, Michael Schmidt attacked those who were disappointed and angry at the Estate’s treatment of Plath. He also promoted alternative women poets, far from the poetry that Al Alvarez called “extremist poetry,” epitomised by Plath and Anne Sexton.
Poetry has often been associated with difficulty, small audiences and a complete lack of commercial potential—a genre so doomed that its survival is in itself a source of wonder. The conclusion of this monograph explores the topic of the survival of poetry in the digital era. It focuses on the new generation of popular women poets (such as Rupi Kaur) and their use of social media. It also explores the importance of preserving and making accessible the born-digital archives of contemporary poets.
This chapter examines the evolution of PN Review, a leading Manchester-based poetry magazine, in relation to second-wave feminism in the 1970s and 1980s. Largely funded by the Arts Council of Great Britain, the magazine was initially not a welcoming place for female poets and contributors. Women’s poetry was often disparaged, and few women contributed to the magazine. From the early 1980s, however, PN Review started to include more women voices—a transition led by the founding editor Michael Schmidt, who was eager to include forgotten and neglected female poets on his list.
This chapter argues that changes in public funding, and increased market opportunities for women authors and feminist ideas, forced the magazine to evolve and adapt quickly. Women were taking a more visible role in the publishing world, as the success of the feminist press Virago (created in 1973) shows. Women poets were becoming more vocal, and openly denounced their marginalisation in the poetry scene. The funding cuts decided by Margaret Thatcher’s government led to profound changes as Arts Council “clients” competed fiercely to survive in a tough landscape. Changing priorities at the Arts Council—including the need for more diversity in publishing—also had an impact on grant holders. PN Review therefore offers a good example of a literary institution that was directly pushed towards gender diversity through external pressures from the Arts Council of Great Britain and the market.
This chapter draws on interviews of many poets, editors and other people associated with Carcanet and with the poetry scene in Britain. The overall objective was to understand how poetry has survived in a very tough marketplace in the past fifty years. Data extracted from these transcripts show three different groups connected with Carcanet Press (1) the Old Guard—those who belong to Michael Schmidt’s generation and were associated with the early Carcanet/PN; (2) the New Guard whose association with Carcanet/PN started after 1980; and (3) marginals who gravitate away from Schmidt either by choice or as a result of falling into disfavour. This chapter argues that Carcanet’s survival can largely be explained by the alliance between Old and New Guard. Without the New Guard, the older generation would probably have run out of favour with funders and academic institutions. Carcanet books would have known the same fate as the work of Donald Davie, C. H. Sisson and Brian Cox—neglected and frequently out of print. Eventually, the press itself may well have disappeared. Allied with the New Guard but still firmly in control, the Old Guard incorporated dissent to build a more resilient company, aligned with contemporary social trends. Moving away from traditionalism but still rooted in modernism, Carcanet reinvented itself as a firm open to diverse voices.
The first section of this chapter gives an overview of anthologies of women’s poetry from the early twentieth century to the 1960s. It shows that the canon of poetry by women remained undefined: works that appeared in earlier anthologies were frequently discarded in later ones. Women’s verse continued to be a curiosity, packaged by literary presses for an educated audience.
The second section moves the focus towards feminist publishers eager to promote women’s poetry to an audience tuned to second-wave feminism. Yet, this readership remained relatively small, and was dismissed as too radical by many mainstream reviewers and publishers.
The third section shows that it was not until the mid-1980s that traditional (male) publishers started marketing women’s poetry to a mainstream audience, particularly to the education market. The rise of Women’s Studies proved that the discipline had become safe enough to be taught in a wide range of educational institutions—including schools, polytechnics and traditional universities.
The final section examines the controversy over the canon shaped by these male publishers. By the time the discourse of feminism entered the mainstream, there was still no general agreement on what constituted the best and most significant poems by women.
Before it became a leading poetry publisher, Carcanet was a student magazine set up by undergraduates who wanted to link Oxford and Cambridge. This chapter sheds light on the forgotten history of Carcanet magazine, focusing particularly on women and ethnic minorities. Prior to Michael Schmidt’s takeover of the magazine in late 1967, Carcanet offered opportunities to writers from India and ex-colonies (including Adil Jussawalla and Edward Brathwaite) to publish their work, before moving on to more mainstream venues. Carcanet magazine can be seen as a site of struggle between various players: between the Oxford and Cambridge literary sets, and between British/European and postcolonial groups. Drawing on extensive archival work in neglected collections, as well as oral history interviews, this chapter tells an alternative history of Carcanet magazine as a case study for the larger literary field of post-war Britain. The story is less focused on Michael Schmidt, without diminishing his accomplishment in transforming a student magazine into an enduring publishing enterprise.
Drawing on extensive work in paper and digital archives, this chapter makes a contribution to current research on women and book history, focusing on the British poet Elizabeth Jennings (1926–2001). A growing number of scholars have paid attention to feminist publishing houses such as Virago Press and women’s bookshops. Although Elizabeth Jennings did not identify with the feminist movement, she had to play by the rules of a male-dominated literary field. This chapter analyses her publishing trajectory and shows the role that publishers played in branding Jennings as an unusual poet in a field dominated by male voices. Like the previous generation of modernist writers, Jennings carved a name for herself by harnessing the power of literary networks—while also emphasising her artistic originality.
This chapter shows that Carcanet Press constructed an image of H. D. (Hilda Doolittle) not as a feminist trailblazer, but as a rigorous writer dedicated to poetic form and tradition. With the Arts-Council-funded publication of H. D.’s work, Carcanet Press opened the door to the publication of other neglected modernist texts by Wyndham Lewis and Ford Madox Ford. Rather than being presented as a female writer neglected by a patriarchal literary establishment, H. D. was tied to a more conservative reading of modernism—a movement intertwined with controversial figures (from Ezra Pound to Wyndham Lewis).
The first section looks at the relationship between Eric Walter White and H. D., and at his effort to revive interest in her work in the 1960s, at the time when her books were mostly out of print. The next section examines the role that Carcanet Press played in turning H. D. into a classic. However, Carcanet’s monopoly on H. D.’s work was challenged in the 1980s, at the time when women’s studies university courses contributed to a growing market for women poetry. Virago and other publishers presented H. D. as a radical feminist, in contrast to the image that Carcanet had conveyed—as a neglected classic anchored in a long poetic tradition.
There is a phenomenal global retreat from the core industrial development period to modern information years propelled by arti icial intelligence (AI). It is a conscious transformation process that has galvanised the global desertion of secondary production-related activities. This study examined the socioeconomic impacts on the communities that hosted the Eastern Bulk Cement Company (Eagle Cement) when it was functioning. This study is a qualitative research that adopted the case study research approach. Positive and negative socioeconomic impacts were found when the company was operational until it was deserted. These helpful bene its include well-maintained access roads in the community, jobs created, and improved residents' living conditions. Similarly, some of the adverse impacts include massive job losses, rising rival urban gangs leading to palpable insecurity, failed roads, insuf icient healthcare services, and the formation of dilapidated and uninhibited properties. This study recommends that the government of Rivers State should revitalise the payback to community scheme, like the award of scholarships to indigent students in the community, to alleviate the dif iculties most students face; the community should control the activities of the youth to minimise instances of vices; there should be an effective collaboration between the host community and government to enable the reinvigoration; and the government should make alternative arrangements to reassign the site to a new user.
This study answers calls for reflexive debate on marketization by re-evaluating its dynamics in the context of a cultural field. As cultural organizations face increased pressures amid diminishing state funding, marketization is often framed as a one-sided dominance of the market logic that risks commodifying art and eroding its intrinsic value. However, the purpose of our research is to rethink marketization by generating a more nuanced understanding of the coexistence of market and cultural field logics. Departing from institutional logics as a method theory, we conduct a systematic literature review of 118 papers to synthesize evidence of how interactions of seemingly incompatible logics can contribute to the cultural field's transformative potential. The study provides two key contributions. First, we draw attention to an overlooked dynamic of generative coexistence, a field-level phenomenon that arises from complex interrelations between cultural field properties, tensions within the field, and actors’ efforts to influence the development of the field. We develop a framework that captures how the generative coexistence of market and cultural field logics occurs when market logic is interpreted beyond pure economic exchange. Second, the framework identifies three forms of purpose-driven market work—the deliberate efforts by actors to (re)interpret and enact market logic in the cultural field without compromising its core values: (1) recognizing cultural products' commercial appeal, (2) adopting entrepreneurialism, and (3) aligning on shared goals rather than means. We conclude by explicating implications for practitioners and future research avenues.
Cultural journalism is a sub-field of journalism characterized by specific knowledge and education required from the journalists working as both reporters and reviewers and often close interaction with arts and cultural industries. The importance of cultural journalism lies in its role of providing for society a self-reflective discourse describing values and modeling patterns of behaviour and thought through journalistic practices such as reporting and reviewing on everyday culture and arts. However, the role of cultural journalism in the context of contemporary media environment is deminishing. This pushes for finding of new models of work in this field that at the same time puts under question professional identity of those working in cultural journalism. Until now cultural journalism is an underresearched domain in journalism studies, especially, from the media management and economics as well as work organisations/conditions point of view. This paper contributes to the reseatch on the roles and identity of cultural journalism focusing on exactly these aspects of journalistic practice.The purpose of this paper is to explore flexible working models in the field of cultural media in Latvia in connection with reflection of professional role and corporate identity.To achieve this, 12 in depth interviews were conducted with editors and journalists of Latvian media companies. The findings show that professionals interviewed see the goal of their professional activity broader, often combining their role in journalism with other roles in the field of culture. They can more or less be aware of their professional identity as journalists, tend to experiment deliberately with working schemes, but mostly recognize their corporate identity.
The Routledge Hispanic Studies Companion to Twentieth and Twenty-First Century Spain charts the key ideas, practices and imaginings that characterize Spain's cultural, historical, social and political history in the contemporary period. The volume brings together internationally acknowledged scholars from around the globe and from diverse disciplines, from cinema and sociology to sociolinguistics, politics and history, as well as various other cultural studies approaches. It offers an integrated multidisciplinary volume that provides a more complete and nuanced multi-perspective assessment of modern and contemporary Spanish culture, with a special emphasis on recent decades. This interdisciplinary and thematically organized Companion includes essays on literature and art, history, politics, religion, economics, linguistics and visual culture and covers an extensive period of time, with a focus on key events. The volume explores cutting-edge areas and engages with current debates, controversies and questions in the field of Hispanic studies. Offering a nuanced, multidisciplinary assessment of modern and contemporary Spanish culture through a dichotomic organizing principle, The Routledge Hispanic Studies Companion to Twentieth and Twenty-First Century Spain is an expansive resource which will be of interest to students and scholars of Hispanic studies, and those with a particular interest in Spanish history, politics and culture.
This paper examines the power of the UAE abaya. Moreover, it is concerned with the exploitation of luxury in the pursuit of social status and the attainment of greater freedom within an authoritarian context. As will be argued, the abaya has transitioned from serving the state in the process of identity formation to becoming a non-state actor capable of challenging dominant strictures and providing for policy alternatives. However, while the new or revamped abaya has contributed to self-actualization and made taboo topics more visible, it is also important to note that some Emiratis or minority groups may end up being excluded from this largely luxury-driven process. For the leadership, this could create an unenviable situation, particularly when considering the potential rift between the promises outlined in the state vision and the prerequisites needed for its implementation. With this in mind, the present analysis is also intended to assist policymakers working on tolerance and social cohesion, as well as those striving to position the UAE as a major point of reference in global affairs.
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