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Vergleichende Chorologie der zentraleuropäischen Flora
... Далі в статті розглядатиметься саме типовий підвид S. aquatica. Його диз'юнктивний ареал охоплює північні та деякі високогірні регіони Євразії від Ісландії до Камчатки (Meusel et al., 1965;Hultén, Fries, 1986;GBIF, 2024-onward), тому його можна охарактеризувати як палеобореальний (Kleopov, 1990). За дослідженнями деяких авторів (Meusel et al., 1965) ареал виду sensu lato має формулу (sm)-temp-b-oz 1-(2) circpol або (sm)-temp-b-k 1-5 circpol у сучасній інтерпретації (Ilyinska et al., 2007). ...
... Його диз'юнктивний ареал охоплює північні та деякі високогірні регіони Євразії від Ісландії до Камчатки (Meusel et al., 1965;Hultén, Fries, 1986;GBIF, 2024-onward), тому його можна охарактеризувати як палеобореальний (Kleopov, 1990). За дослідженнями деяких авторів (Meusel et al., 1965) ареал виду sensu lato має формулу (sm)-temp-b-oz 1-(2) circpol або (sm)-temp-b-k 1-5 circpol у сучасній інтерпретації (Ilyinska et al., 2007). ...
... Острівні локалітети виду в Європі відомі з гірських масивів Балканського п-ва, Іспанії, у Піренеях та Альпах, у північних частинах Північноєвропейської та Східноєвропейської рівнин, Поволжя, а також наводилися для басейнів Дніпра та Дністра в Україні. В Азії фрагменти ареалу та острівні локалітети S. aquatica відомі з різних районів Сибіру: Верхньо-Тобольського природного району, Алтайських гір, Прибайкалля, Камчатки та прилеглих островів (Herder, 1891;Kotov, 1953Kotov, , 1979Meusel et al., 1965;Hegi, 1986;Belavskaya, 1994;Azovskiy, 2000;Assyov et al., 2012;Chorna, 2018). За новими даними вид зазначено на Сахаліні та в низці районів Крайньої Півночі РФ, зокрема: Ямало-Ненецькому автономному окрузі, на плато Путорана в Красноярському краї та в Магаданській області (POWO, 2024-onward; GBIF, 2024-onward) (рис. ...
The article provides an analysis of the current distribution patterns of a panboreal species Subularia aquatica and the species-specific ecological and coenotic conditions of its habitats. The species range within Europe has decreased due to climate aridization and eutrophication of water bodies. We found that in the historical past S. aquatica was erroneously reported for the flora of Ukraine from Vinnytsia Region due to the confusion of similar geographical names (the city of Mogilyov (Magileu) in Belarus on the Dnipro River and the city of Mohyliv-Podilskyi in Ukraine on the Dniester River). The record from Dnipropetrovsk Region has not been confirmed by a herbarium specimen and is apparently also incorrect due to the habitual similarity of S. aquatica at the early stages of ontogenesis with other miniature hydrophytes, especially Limosella aquatica. In view of this, we came to the conclusion that S. aquatica, a boreal species with a disjunct distribution, was erroneously reported for the flora of Ukraine and incorrectly included in the Red Data Book of Ukraine (2009, 2021). In our country, currently there are no suitable ecological and coenotic conditions for natural habitats of this species. Therefore, we believe that S. aquatica should be excluded from the Red Data Book of Ukraine.
... The distribution range of Ph. gallicum is entirely nested within that of Ph. spicatum, which is widespread in Europe (Schulz 1904;Meusel and Jäger 1992; Figure 1). Although populations from the Iberian Peninsula and the Pyrenees are commonly subsumed under Ph. ...
... Although populations from the Iberian Peninsula and the Pyrenees are commonly subsumed under Ph. spicatum (Sales and Hedge 2000), these are phylogenetically clearly separated (Schneeweiss et al. 2013;this study) and are treated (following Schulz 1904, andMeusel andJäger 1992) as Ph. pyrenaicum. ...
... Although populations from the Iberian Peninsula and the Pyrenees are commonly subsumed under Ph. spicatum (Sales and Hedge 2000), these are phylogenetically clearly separated (Schneeweiss et al. 2013;this study) and are treated (following Schulz 1904, andMeusel andJäger 1992) as Ph. pyrenaicum. ...
Understanding the causes of restricted geographic distributions is of major interest to evolutionary and conservation biologists. Inferring historical factors has often relied on ad hoc interpretations of genetic data, and hypothesis testing within a statistical framework under different demographic scenarios remains underutilised. Using coalescent modelling on RAD-sequencing data, we (i) test hypotheses about the origin of Phyteuma gallicum (Campanulaceae), a range-restricted endemic of central France sympatric with its widespread congener Ph. spicatum, and (ii) date its origin, irrespective of its mode of origin, to test the hypothesis that the restricted range is due to a recent time of origin. The best supported model of origin is one of a dichotomous split of Ph. gallicum, confirmed as distinct species, and the Central European Ph. nigrum with subsequent gene flow between Ph. gallicum and Ph. spicatum. The split of Ph. gallicum and Ph. nigrum is estimated at 45-55,000 years ago. Coalescent modelling on genomic data not only clarified the mode of origin (dichotomous speciation instead of a previously hypothesised hybridogenic origin) but also identified recency of speciation as a sufficient, although likely not the sole, factor to explain the restricted distribution range. Coalescent modelling strongly improves our understanding of the evolution of range-restricted species that are frequently of conservation concern, as is the case for Ph. gallicum.
... They are bordered by temperate or boreal forests in the north and semi-deserts in the south and are characterized by a high species richness with up to 98 plant species per 10 m 2 (Polyakova et al., 2016;Wilson et al., 2012). Our focus is on the Euro-Siberian steppes, which correspond to the European and Middle Asian chorological-climatic subtypes of Wesche et al. (2016) and comprise the Pontic-southern (actually south-western) Siberian floristic region of Meusel et al. (1965), which includes the forest-steppes of south-eastern Europe and (from north to south in a latitudinal zonation) the forest-steppes, long grass steppes and short grass steppes of eastern Europe and south-western Siberia (Middle Asia). Smaller patches of extrazonal grasslands in the west, which can nowadays be regarded as isolated islands surrounded by a sea of forest (Kirschner et al., 2022), resemble zonal steppes in several respects, i.e., in their species composition. ...
... The range of A. austriacus includes isolated outposts in north-eastern Spain (montane scrubland on calcareous or loamy substrates at 600-1,550 m a.s.l.) and the southwestern Alps (dry valleys in the Cottian Alps at 1,200-1,400 m;Hegi et al., 1975;Podlech, 1999). It occurs in steppe-like habitats throughout its distribution range and was traditionally used to outline the Pontic-southern Siberian floristic region (Meusel et al., 1965). Apart from the zonal steppes, the species grows in extrazonal dry grasslands dominated by narrow-leaved tussock-forming grasses (Festuca Tourn. ...
... In eastern Europe (Ukraine, European Russia, North Caucasus) and south-western Siberia, A. austriacus also grows in grass steppes with Stipa and Festuca species, on limestone in pine woods, and rarely in old fallows (Borisova et al., 1946, English translation 1986. In Middle Asia, at the southern edge of its range, in the transition from the southern Siberian to the Aralo-Caspian floristic province (Meusel et al., 1965), the species becomes rare and grows in humid shallow depressions or dry saline steppes. According to traditional taxonomy, the species belongs to the sect. ...
The Euro-Siberian steppes have experienced large-scale range fluctuations due to the climatic
changes of the Pleistocene that may have also fuelled reshuffling of past steppe vegetation. These
species-rich steppe grasslands were much more widespread during glacials and contracted during
interglacials, a dynamic which should also be reflected by the evolutionary history of their biota.
Astragalus austriacus is a widespread steppe species with European-western Siberian distribution and
an ideal model to study the florogenesis of the Euro-Siberian steppes. Here, we inferred the
phylogeography of A. austriacus based on genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) data from populations
sampled from the western edge of the Pannonian region across the Pontic region to the western
Siberian region. Additionally, we applied molecular dating using single gene sequence data (ycf1,
matK and ITS). We outline an evolutionary scenario in which intraspecific diversification occurred in
the eastern part of Europe during the later Pleistocene (0.48–0.24 Ma). From there, the species
expanded both eastwards and westwards, likely during a cold period, which is reflected by two main
lineages within A. austriacus that today occur in the Pannonian sensu lato and in the Pontic/southwestern
Siberian regions, respectively. Demographic modelling supported such a scenario and
showed that population sizes were larger during the last cold stage and contracted postglacially.
Within the Pannonian sensu lato region, strong substructure was detected, likely as a result of
repeated disintegration of the continuous cold-stage steppes in Europe. Finally, our results are in line
with evolutionary scenarios suggested for other steppe species such as Adonis vernalis.
... Crambe tataria Sebeók is an endangered plant species with discontinuous distribution in the steppe areas of Eastern Europe and Central Asia (Meusel et al. 1978). Palaeoecological and phylogeographical evidence indicate that C. tataria is an Early Holocene relict (Dítě et al. 2018). ...
... According to Meusel et al. (1978), the central populations of Crambe tataria are located in areas of highest density and distribution, likely corresponding to the Pontic steppe and Central Asian regions. In contrast, peripheral populations, situated at the edges of the species' range-such as in Northern Russia, Central Europe and the Balkans-are often subject to less favourable ecological conditions. ...
Crambe tataria is an endangered species in the Romanian flora, with a limited number of populations. For Romanian populations, there are no prior data concerning their genetic structure and its correlation with geographic distribution. In the present study, 15 populations from the three main regions of species distribution, North-East (Moldova), South (Muntenia) and West-Central (Transylvania), were investigated using ISSR markers. The UPGMA clustering revealed five distinct groups showing close genetic relations between individuals from all three regions, while Bayesian clustering showed four clusters which are represented in all individuals, indicating ongoing admixture in all populations. The configuration of the ISSR data suggests that C. tataria populations established in Romania have mixed origins being most probably a result of multiple colonization events.
... Turzyca ciborowata reprezentuje element eurosyberyjski (Zając & Zając, 2009). Zwarty zasięg występowania gatunku obejmuje obszar zachodniej Polski, Czech oraz południowych Niemiec (Hultén & Fries, 1986;Meusel et al., 1965). W Polsce jej stanowiska koncentrują się na północnym zachodzie i południowym zachodzie (Popiela, 1999). ...
... Opracowanie Pulicaria dysenterica (płesznik czerwonkowy) jest byliną z rodziny astrowatych (Asteraceae), dorastającą do 100 cm wysokości. Gatunek eurośródziemnomorski, występujący w Europie Zachodniej i w rejonie Morza Śródziemnego oraz w Azji na obszarze od Bliskiego Wschodu po Nepal (Meusel et al., 1965). W Polsce rośnie bardzo rzadko w północnej części kraju (Popiela et al., 2023;Rutkowski, 2004;Zając & Zając, 2001). ...
This work presents a list of new localities in Poland for the following 18 rare (including regional rare) vascular plants: Abutilon theophrasti, Aquilegia vulgaris, Carex bohemica, C. tomentosa, Crocus speciosus, Erechtites hieraciifolia, Lathyrus nissolia, Lunaria annua subsp. annua, Lycopodiella inundata, Myricaria germanica, Nymphaea candida, Ophioglossum vulgatum, Potentilla indica, Pulicaria dysenterica, Rubus kaznowskii, Scilla sardensis, Solidago ×niederederi and Veratrum lobelianum.
... The Carpathians and Balkan Mountains (Stara Planina) form a natural barrier to the adjacent zonal steppes in the east. The occurrence of numerous species in both zonal and extrazonal steppes reflects the ecological similarity of these habitats (e.g., Astragalus onobrychis L., Cricetus cricetus L., Euphorbia seguieriana Neck., Omocestus petraeus Brisout de Barneville, Stipa capillata L.; Feoktistova et al., 2017;Frajman et al., 2019;Kirschner et al., 2020;Meusel et al., 1965;Záveská et al., 2019). ...
... exscapus by Podlech and Zarre (2013). Astragalus exscapus occurs in insular steppe habitats from the northeastern Iberian Peninsula over the inner-Alpine valleys, the Apennines and dry areas of Central Europe to the southern Balkan Peninsula and the northwestern Black Sea coast (Becker, 2010;Cancellieri et al., 2017;Ferrández Palacio, 2003;Goncharov et al., 1946;Meusel et al., 1965;Podlech and Zarre, 2013;Strid and Tan, 1997;Talavera and Castroviejo, 1999;Tutin et al., 1968). Two intraspecific entities, currently considered subspecies, are A. exscapus subsp. ...
The Eurasian steppes are among the largest and most threatened biomes on Earth. During cold periods of the
Pleistocene, the zonal Eurasian steppes had a much larger extent as compared to interglacial periods, and
repeatedly expanded into large areas of present-day forested temperate Europe. Conversely, during warm periods,
forest expansion recurrently forced Eurasian steppe biota into disjunct and small warm-stage refugia, i.e.
today’s extrazonal steppes. The rare, threatened and disjunctly distributed northwestern African and European
members of Astragalus sect. Caprini constitute an ideal model for gaining insights into the evolutionary dynamics
of typical steppe biota. Here, we reconstructed the spatiotemporal diversification of northwestern African and
European members of Astragalus sect. Caprini based on a combination of RADseq data, single gene markers
(internal transcribed spacer, plastid ycf1), genome size measurements and multivariate morphometrics. We
outline an evolutionary scenario in which the group originated in the Irano-Turanian region and started to
diversify shortly after the Mid-Pleistocene-Transition (ca. 0.5 to 0.7 Ma). While lineages occurring in (sub-)
mediterranean mountain ranges diverged early, lineages occurring in northern lowland steppes are much
younger (ca. 0.2 to 0.3 Ma), emphasizing the importance of southern European mountain ranges as long-term
refugia. Recurrent colonization of the western Mediterranean region by eastern Mediterranean lineages and
secondary contacts of currently spatially isolated lineages have significantly (co-)shaped the genetic structure
within the group; we assume that these events may be a consequence of cold-stage range expansions. Based on
combined genetic and morphometric data, we suggest treating the ten lineages introduced in this study as independent
species, contrasting previous taxonomic treatments.
... The classification of each taxon in the clearcuts and the old-growth forest into specific area-types, areagroups, and floristic elements was determined according to Meusel et al. (1965Meusel et al. ( , 1978 and Meusel and Jäger (1992), adapted by Stevanović (1992) for the territory of Serbia. The analysis of the present life forms was conducted following Raunkiaer (1934), supplemented by Mueller-Dombois and Ellenberg (1974), with 4 further elaboration for taxa in Serbia by Stevanović V. (1992). ...
... The vascular flora in the clear-cut areas is listed by species. Besides the species name, it includes its area-type (area-group) based on various sources (Meusel et al. 1965(Meusel et al. , 1978(Meusel et al. , 1992, Stevanović (1992a); Zlatković (2011);Brković (2015) and life form (Raunkier, 1934;Stevanović, 1992;Zlatković, 2011;Brković, 2015). Furthermore, it provides details on stand types and bedrock. ...
Extreme weather events caused considerable harm to the forest ecosystems in Eastern Serbia over a few hard winters, resulting in widespread ice breaks and ice uprooting. Certain forest stands were severely impacted during the winter of 2014-2015, necessitating clear-cutting measures. This research was conducted in the Timok forest area, through examination of the floristic composition in areas subjected to clear-cutting, including natural beech forests and artificially established conifer stands within beech sites (Helleboro odori-Fagetum moesiacae). A phytogeographical and bioecological analysis was conducted five years after clear-cutting. Changes in ecosystems were assessed by analysing the spectra of area-types and plant life forms, with comparisons drawn to the “Vinatovača” old-growth forest, situated in the submontane beech forest of Eastern Serbia. Descriptive analysis of the phytogeographical and bioecological spectra of vascular flora, alongside multinomial correspondence analysis, revealed an increased presence of species from Eurasian, Mediterranean-sub-Mediterranean, and Pontic area-types, as well as hemicryptophytic, phanerophytic, and therophytic life forms in the clear-cut areas. In contrast, the old-growth forest was colonised by species of Central European and Holarctic area-types, along with geophytic life forms. These findings suggest a shift towards xerothermic microclimates in the clear-cut areas and the stronger influence of the continental climate of Eastern Serbia with its extremes on deforested areas, as well as on the processes of forest ecosystem degradation.
... Several molecular studies have been published highlighting the important role of hybridization and introgression in the evolution of the genus Pulmonaria [10,13,14]. Some species groups exhibit weak ecological and geographic isolation [see 56,75], near-synchronous phenology and pollinator sharing, all of which may facilitate the hybridization [cf. 13]. ...
... This is particularly true for the P. officinalis complex, which is widespread in Europe and therefore often in secondary contact with other Pulmonaria species [cf. 38,75]. As the ranges of P. obscura and P. officinalis partly overlap (Fig. 1A), the co-occurrence of both species in the same habitat can be expected. ...
Background
The genus Pulmonaria (Boraginaceae) represents a taxonomically complex group of species in which morphological similarity contrasts with striking karyological variation. The presence of different numbers of chromosomes in the diploid state suggests multiple hybridization/polyploidization events followed by chromosome rearrangements (dysploidy). Unfortunately, the phylogenetic relationships and evolution of the genome, have not yet been elucidated. Our study focused on the P. officinalis group, the most widespread species complex, which includes two morphologically similar species that differ in chromosome number, i.e. P. obscura (2n = 14) and P. officinalis (2n = 16). Ornamental cultivars, morphologically similar to P. officinalis (garden escapes), whose origin is unclear, were also studied. Here, we present a pilot study on genome size and repeatome dynamics of these closely related species in order to gain new information on their genome and chromosome structure.
Results
Flow cytometry confirmed a significant difference in genome size between P. obscura and P. officinalis, corresponding to the number of chromosomes. Genome-wide repeatome analysis performed on genome skimming data showed that retrotransposons were the most abundant repeat type, with a higher proportion of Ty3/Gypsy elements, mainly represented by the Tekay lineage. Comparative analysis revealed no species-specific retrotransposons or striking differences in their copy number between the species. A new set of chromosome-specific cytogenetic markers, represented by satellite DNAs, showed that the chromosome structure in P. officinalis was more variable compared to that of P. obscura. Comparative karyotyping supported the hybrid origin of putative hybrids with 2n = 15 collected from a mixed population of both species and outlined the origin of ornamental garden escapes, presumably derived from the P. officinalis complex.
Conclusions
Large-scale genome size analysis and repeatome characterization of the two morphologically similar species of the P. officinalis group improved our knowledge of the genome dynamics and differences in the karyotype structure. A new set of chromosome-specific cytogenetic landmarks was identified and used to reveal the origin of putative hybrids and ornamental cultivars morphologically similar to P. officinalis.
... 5-6 mm großen, hellumrandeten Flecken, in deren Zentrum sich orange bis rötlich gefärbte, 3-4 mm große Anschwellungen befinden (Abb. 7a (Meusel et al. 1965, Conert 1998. Im Bereich des Unteren Haveltales an der Grenze zwischen Brandenburg und Sachsen-Anhalt erreicht die Art die Westgrenze ihres geschlossenen europäischen Areals, welches durch wenige Einzelvorposten in Deutschland, deren Status z. T. unklar ist, geringfügig nord-westwärts fortgesetzt wird (Meusel et al. 1965, Bettinger et al. 2013. ...
... 7a (Meusel et al. 1965, Conert 1998. Im Bereich des Unteren Haveltales an der Grenze zwischen Brandenburg und Sachsen-Anhalt erreicht die Art die Westgrenze ihres geschlossenen europäischen Areals, welches durch wenige Einzelvorposten in Deutschland, deren Status z. T. unklar ist, geringfügig nord-westwärts fortgesetzt wird (Meusel et al. 1965, Bettinger et al. 2013. Literatur-Angaben zu einem U. echinata-Befall auf Scolochloa sind selten. ...
Kruse J, Thiel H, Bergmühl L, Klenke F, Lauterbach D, Rätzel S, Schmidt M, Kummer V(2024): Noteworthy records of phytopathogenic micromycetes (22). Zeitschrift für Mykologie 90(2): 435-492.
Summary: Interesting findings of Erysiphaceae, Peronosporomycetes, Pucciniomycotina, Ustilaginomycotina,
Chytridiomycota and other Ascomycota from Germany and Austria are presented. Doassinga callitrichis on Callitriche stagnalis, which has not been reported from Germany since 1986, was found again in Rhineland-Palatinate in 2021 and has since been detected in three other federal states. Peronospora lini was rediscovered on Linum catharticum in Germany after 55 years.
The detection of Puccinia silvatica on representatives of the marsh lion’s teeth (Taraxacum sect.
Palustria) is new for Germany. In conservation cultures of the hosts in Brandenburg, a total
of nine species from this section showed an infestation: Taraxacum ancoriferum, T. balticum, T. bavaricum, T. brandenburgicum, T. fascinans, T. frisicum, T. madidum, T. paucilobum and T. trilobifolium.
All of them are probably matrices novae for the fungus.
Ustilago echinata was found for the first time in Europe on a Scolochloa species. In this case it was on the german endemic plant Scolochloa marchica, a matrix nova.
New fungus-host combinations for Germany are Cirisum tuberosum with Bremia cirsii, Draba boerhavii with Hyaloperonospora praecox, Lavatera olbia hybrid (cult.) with Puccinia malvacearum and Echinacea purpurea with Podosphaera xanthii. New for eastern Germany is Taphrina bergeniae on the leaves of Bergenia cf. crassifolia, which has only rarely been seen in Germany. New for Austria is the record of Arthrinium crenatum
on Carex humilis.
In addition other interesting records are listed at the end of the publication, e.g. new records for federal states of Germany and Austria. The record of Neoerysiphe galeopsidis on Stachys chrysantha in Greece, a possible matrix nova, is also included here.
Keywords: Arthrinium crenatum, Bremia cirsii, Doassinga callitrichis, Hyaloperonospora praecox, Peronospora lini, Puccinia malvacearum, Puccinia silvatica, Taphrina bergeniae, Ustilago echinata, Germany, Austria, matrix nova, new records
... It occurs from western France and Central Europe to the Baltic States in the north, the Balkan Peninsula in the south and European Russia in the east. The Asian distribution range extends from western and south-western Siberia to Mongolia, with some isolated occurrences recorded in the Caucasus Mts and Anatolia region (Meusel and Jäger 1992). The species is relatively common with a scattered distribution pattern in Central Europe. ...
... The species is relatively common with a scattered distribution pattern in Central Europe. It is documented in the Germany (Meusel and Jäger 1992), Czech Republic (Hrouda and Grulich 2010), Austria (Fischer et al. 2008), Hungary (Bartha et al. 2015) and Poland (Zając and Zając 2001). In Slovakia, it has a similarly scattered distribution throughout the country (Dostál and Červenka 1992). ...
Iris sibirica is a threatened plant species of the Central European flora, but its distribution and vegetation ecology in Slovakia have not been studied so far. Therefore, we aimed to compile a complex chorology of this species and to analyse phytosociological plots with the species occurrence. Our results suggest that Iris sibirica occurs almost in the whole Slovakia, with two distributional centres situated in the south-western region (Pannonian bioregion) and in the southern regions of central Slovakia (Carpathian bioregion), but a higher proportion of recent records was identified in the Carpathians. Vegetation classification using the TWINSPAN algorithm divided 80 vegetation plots into 5 clusters. They were interpreted syntaxonomically as follows: i) Calthion palustris alliance, ii) Deschampsion cespitosae alliance, iii) Molinion caeruleae alliance, iv) vegetation of the successional stages and transitional status between wet meadows ( Calthion palustris and Molinion caeruleae ) and fens ( Scheuchzerio palustris-Caricetea fuscae ), and v) vegetation with a transitional status between hygrophilous, fen vegetation of the alliances Molinion caeruleae , Caricion davallianae , Caricion fuscae and mesic habitats. Variation in the species composition of vegetation plots, analysed using detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) and interpreted using Ellenberg indicator values for vascular plants, showed a shift along the first DCA axis from taxa typical for nutrient-rich and shaded but thermophilic sites to taxa of open and relatively cold habitats on nutrient-poor soils. The second DCA axis corresponded to the moisture gradient, which controlled the pattern of plant species richness.
... Die nährstoffanspruchsvolle Wiesen-Platterbse wächst als Molinio-Arrhenatheretea-Charakterart v. a. in Frisch-und wechselfeuchten Wiesen, kommt aber auch in Gebüsch-und Waldsäumen sowie auf Waldlichtungen frischer Standorte und vergleichbaren Biotopen vor (Oberdorfer 2001, Müller et al. 2021. Ihr Areal erstreckt sich über fast ganz Europa bis weit hinein in den asiatischen Raum und weist auch in Afrika einige Exklaven auf (Meusel et al. 1965). In Deutschland fehlt sie in kaum einem Meßtischblatt (Bettinger et al. 2013). ...
... Der aktuell gültige Name für L. montanus ist Lathyrus linifolius (Reichard) Bässler, für die von RBGK (2023) der Name Orobus luteus L. als Synonym angegeben wird. L. linifolius ist allerdings eine europäisch verbreitete Art, die im Altai nicht vorkommt (Meusel et al. 1965) (Zogg 1985), nach Scholz & Scholz (1988) auch Dänemark (vgl. aber die untenstehenden Aussagen zum Befall auf Trifolium pratense L.), während aus Österreich bisher keine Funde des Pilzes vorliegen (Zwetko & Blanz 2004, DPÖ 2023. ...
Abstract: Some interesting records of plant parasitic microfungi of the Erysiphaceae, Peronosporomycetes, Pucciniomycotina, Ustilaginomycotina, Chytridiomycota and other Ascomycota from Germany, Austria and Switzerland are reported.
Podosphaera pruni-lusitanicae on cultivated Prunus lusitanica is documented in Germany for the first time. Podosphaera cerasi on Prunus cerasus was confirmed to occur in Germany based on molecular genetic data. Uromyces proëminens on Euphorbia prostrata is new for Germany. Investigations have shown that the species has been present in Germany since 2011. A find from Switzerland on the host mentioned above is a new fungus-host combination for the fungus, which is still rare in Switzerland. Uromyces sparsus was rediscovered after 50 years in Germany on Spergularia marina. Literature references to Spergularia rubra as host for this fungus are incorrect. Thecaphora lathyri on Lathyrus pratensis, which has not been reported in Germany since 1963, was found again in 2021 and has since been detected in three other federal states. Urocystis ornithogali on Ornithogalum umbellatum agg. was rediscovered in Germany after around 140 years. Exobasidium schinzianum was found on Saxifraga rotundifolia in Austria, probably the only recent record for a long time. As new hosts for Germany Allium x proliferum for Uromyces ambiguus, Phaseolus coccineus for
Podosphaera xanthii and Symphytum caucasicum for Golovinomyces asperifoliorum were identified. The finds of Anthemis ruthenica with Golovinomyces macrocarpus and Leontodon incanus with Ramularia inaequalis are probably matrices novae.
In addition other interesting records of phytopathogenic microfungi are listed at the end of the publication, e.g. new records for federal states of Germany, Austria and Switzerland.
Keywords: Podosphaera spp., Prunus spp., Thecaphora lathyri, Urocystis ornithogali, Uromyces proëminens, Uromyces sparsus, Germany, Austria, Switzerland, matrix nova, new records, sequences
... Adonis is widespread in temperate Eurasia (Meusel & al., 1965;Imam & al., 1977). On the basis of the assumed evolutionary patterns of morphological characters in Adonis, W.T. Wang (1994a) hypothesized that Adonis originated in the QTP and then migrated out of the QTP through three routes: (1) from the western Himalaya to southwestern Europe; (2) from the mountainous areas of southwestern China to eastern Siberia and Japan along the Southwest-Northeast Corridor in China; (3) from the southwestern mountainous regions to northern Asia. ...
The genus Adonis (Ranunculaceae) contains about 30 species and is widespread in Eurasia. This genus contains some species of pharmaceutical and ornamental interest, yet a phylogenetic framework for understanding its evolution is still lacking. It has been hypothesized that Adonis originated in the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau (QTP) and migrated out of the QTP through three dispersal routes. This biogeographical hypothesis has never been tested using molecular data. Using nine plastid and nuclear DNA regions, we first reconstructed a robust phylogenetic framework for Adonis with its currently recognized 31 species. We then inferred evolutionary patterns of morphological characters, estimated divergence times, and reconstructed ancestral ranges. Our results show that Adonis and its two subgenera A. subg. Adonis and subg. Adonanthe are monophyletic with strong support. Among the four non‐monotypic sections, only A. sect. Adonanthe is recognized as monophyletic. Habit, basal leaf, pollen, and carpel carry a strong phylogenetic signal in Adonis , while achene, beak shape, and beak length exhibit relatively higher levels of evolutionary flexibility. Adonis originated in the QTP in the Oligocene (ca. 30 Ma) and subsequently dispersed into the Irano‐Turanian region in the early Miocene (ca. 20 Ma). In Adonis , four out‐of‐QTP dispersal routes were recognized from the late Miocene to the Pliocene. This study provides the first comprehensive phylogeny for Adonis and highlights the indispensable role of the QTP uplift and associated climatic events in shaping the current distribution and endemism of Adonis , hence contributing to the knowledge on the historical biogeography of plants in Eurasia.
... Finally, S. pontica from the Thracian phytoprovince is defined as a separate group ( Table 4). The biogeographical affiliation follows the phytogeographical map of Europe [42], in which each phytoprovince represents a unit defined by historical, ecological, and geographical barriers, each with different floristic and ecosystem characteristics (Table 4). Finally, the UPGMA (unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean) cluster analysis based on Mahalanobis distances between all analysed groups was computed, the classification function was used to determine the percentage of correctly classified individuals in each group, and discriminant function analysis (DFA) was used to estimate the contribution of individual characters to the overall differentiation. ...
The interspecific relations that have been previously observed within the Stipa dasyphylla group are intricate and require further clarification. The aim of this study was to determine whether the specimens from Serbia deserve a separate taxonomic status. Various “dasyphyllous” Stipa species (those with hairy adaxial leaves) from the Balkan Peninsula were collected and analysed using morphological methods and microscopic observations of the macro- and micro-ornamentation of their leaves and lemmas. Based on analyses of 160 individuals from 17 populations belonging to three “dasyphyllous” Stipa species (S. pontica, S. ucrainica, and S. dasyphylla) which were collected in the central and eastern Balkan Peninsula (Serbia, North Macedonia, Bulgaria, Greece) and in Central Europe (Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania), Stipa stevanoviciorum is described as a new species from Serbia. This taxon includes the subspecies stevanoviciorum, which grows on ultramafic substrates, and the subspecies pseudodasyphylla, which is found on carbonate bedrock. These taxa differ from the closely related S. dasyphylla primarily in the length of their upper cauline leaves and the distance from the end of the dorsal line of the hairs to the top of the anthecium. The ecological and biogeographical characteristics of the taxa and a morphological comparison with similar species are given together with the key to the species’ identification. Images of key morphological characters are included, along with information on their distribution, habitat, and conservation implications.
... Высотные границы распространения в горных районах в различных географических зонах варьируют от 900 до 4000 м н.у.м. (Meusel et al., 1965). В условиях Арктики вид приурочен к морскому побережью. ...
Results of water and terrestryal eсosystems biodiversity studying of
Kozhym River basins, located on the territory of National park «Jugyd va»,
were generalized in the book. Results of research of polytypic waterbodies of
Kozhym River and living algae and zoobenthos are shown. The specific variety
of lichens, mosses, vascular plants, land and soil invertebrates, and also birds
are revealed for background and disturbed land ecosystems of the research
area. Populations of rare species of plants were studied. For all groups of
organisms the systematical chek-list was done, showing the current level of
biota studying for the Kozhym river territory. The book focus the reader’s
attention on necessity for the complex monitoring of region environment
condition, protection of especially valuable natural landscapes and rational
use of renewable bioresources due to the growth of recreational loading on
park ecosystems and commercial development of the mineral resource mining.
The monography is addressed to the wide range of readers – biologists, ecologists,
experts in the field of wildlife management and preservation of the
environment.
Table 31. Fig. 30. Color insert 32. Bibliography: 308.
... Taxa were classified into six life forms: phanerophytes (P), chamaephytes (Ch), hemicryptophytes (H), geophytes (G), therophytes (T), and scandentophytes (S). Chorotypes were identified according to Meusel et al. (1965Meusel et al. ( , 1978 and Meusel & Jäger (1992), as modified for Serbia by Stevanović (1992b). Taxa were categorized into the following area types ...
The flora of rock outcrops in the Stara Planina Mountains (Serbia) was analyzed to assess its diversity, as well as its biological and chorological spectra. A total of 125 vascular plant species, representing 75 genera and 35 families, were identified. The dominant families were Poaceae, Caryophyllaceae, and Asteraceae, while Asplenium and Sedum were the most species-rich genera. Hemicryptophytes (48.8%) and chamaephytes (31.2%) were the predominant life forms, well-adapted to harsh rocky environments. The dominance of taxa from the Eurasian Mountain (32%) and Eurasian (16%) area types reflects the montane-continental and temperate-continental climate characteristic of the study area. Furthermore, the presence of glacial relict species highlights the role of high-altitude rocky habitats as microclimatic refugia, offering long-term protection against adverse climatic changes. This study underscores the substantial floristic diversity and biogeographical significance of rocky habitats in this part of the Stara Planina Mts.
... (synonym: Asperula odorata L.), vernacular name "sweet woodruff", is a perennial herb up to 30 cm high that grows preferentially in beech (Fagus sylvatica L., Fagaceae) forests. It is one of 145 species of the genus Galium (Rubiaceae) native to Europe (Meusel and Jäger, 2011;Mabberley, 2017). During the flowering period from May to June, small, white, terminal flowers are developed (Hassler and Muer, 2022). ...
... One example for such a species more or less restricted in its main continuous geographic range to the foreststeppe zone is Veronica spicata , which is distributed from Central Europe (with scattered occurrences west to the British Isles) to the Altay region. South of the forest-steppe it is found only in sheltered areas of the steppe, where it is mostly replaced by related species, whereas in the north it only occurs in azonal open vegetation, especially in dry, calcareous grasslands and among open rocky outcrops of the forest zone up to southern Scandinavia (Meusel et al. 1978). Partly due to the wide distribution, partly due to hybridization with congeneric species,V. ...
... The species is included in revised Annex I to Resolution 6 (1998) of the Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats (Bern Convention 1979), Annexes IIb and IVb of Council Directive 92/43 / CEE (EU Habitats Directive 1992) and is protected by Anonymous (2007). From a biogeographical point of view, the species is considered a western Palearctic foreststeppe element (Meusel et al. 1978). In Romania, P. maculatum was recorded throughout the country (Oprea 2005). ...
Pontechium maculatum is a western Palearctic forest-steppe element. In this study, the ecological conditions of this species were analysed, along with updating its distribution data in Romania. Distributional data for P. maculatum were taken from herbariums, literature records and field surveys. Following the analysis of the species, a map showing its distribution in Romania was provided. In addition, certain considerations regarding the ecology of the species were presented. Our results indicated the presence of 80 populations of P. maculatum (38%) out of the 210 previously mentioned in the literature, with some new observations. These populations were distributed in the Banat, Bucovina, Crișana, Dobrogea, Moldova, Muntenia, Oltenia, and Transylvania regions. The highest density was recorded in Transylvania and the lowest in Crișana and Dobrogea. In Romania, the total number of individuals from all the studied sites is approximately 6461. P. maculatum was recorded in moderately acidic to weakly alkaline soils, rich in potassium and phosphorus. Precipitation and annual mean temperature in the studied areas are moderate. Comparing these results with data from the literature, we observed a decline in the number of P. maculatum populations in Romania. The limiting factors affecting the species include sheep and cattle overgrazing, intensive agricultural practices, fires and the succession of forest vegetation over grasslands caused by the abandonment of traditional silvopastoral systems. The long-term viability of the species can be secured through sustainable management of the grasslands where the species is present, primarily by regulated grazing. The study underlines the urgent need for targeted conservation measures to protect the species.
... Geographic distribution of Tilia tomentosa in Europe (adapted from Meusel et al.[6]), highlighting Zrinska Gora Mt as the westernmost point of its natural distribution. ...
Silver lime is a thermophilic, calciphile species that thrives in xero-mesophilic forest communities. The westernmost edge of its natural distribution is Zrinska Gora Mountain in central Croatia, where it is found in almost all types of forest vegetation, albeit with varying frequencies. Its ecological optimum is in specific ravines and grooves, where it forms the mesophilic, relict broad-leaved ravine forest community Polysticho setiferi-Tilietum tomentosae. This research was conducted on two levels. Firstly, the communities of Zrinska Gora were analyzed as the westernmost edge of the natural distribution. Secondly, the ecology of the Tilia tomentosa communities in the western part of its distribution (Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Hungary, and Serbia) was observed. Analysis of Ellenberg-type indicator values for 74 communities from the western Balkans revealed a slight trend of decreasing thermophilicity and increasing acidophilicity toward the western edge of the distribution area. Silver lime peripheral populations on Zrinska Gora develop under unique ecological conditions. The soil reaction of all communities falls below the lower limit of the optimal range for its development, and the relict association experiences lower temperature values compared to the other communities. All in all, the results of this study provide insights into the adaptability of silver lime to climate change.
... Together with Succisa Haller (1768: 87), it forms the late-flowering, early-diverging tribe Succiseae (Mayer & Ehrendorfer 2013) within the 'Dipknautid clade' (Carlson et al. 2009)-formerly the subfamily ´Dipsacoideae' of Dipsacaceae (Mayer & Ehrendorfer 2013). Succisella comprehends five accepted species, scatterly distributed from the Iberian Peninsula to the Western Caucasus (Verlaque 1986;Meusel & Jäger 1992;Devesa & Amich 2007). All species are perennial, stoloniferous herbs, growing as semi-rosette hemicryptophytes (Baksay 1955, Cannon 1976Amich et al. 2004, Devesa & Amich 2007. ...
Morphological variation in the three Iberian Succisella species (S. andreae-molinae, S. carvalhoana and S. microcephala) is here examined based on novel diagnostic characters, notably the shape of the outermost involucral bracts, stolon and rosette position, and primary peduncle length. Accordingly, a new identification key and synoptic table are presented in a revised taxonomic treatment, with unprecedented photographic iconography of plants in situ. Succisella carvalhoana, here lectotypified, resurfaces as a Critically Endangered narrow endemic, confined to willow swamp forests in coastal central Portugal, requiring urgent conservation attention. Plants from Spain, and east-central Portugal, previously identified as S. carvalhoana are redetermined as S. microcephala, which is, accordingly, identified as a new country record for Portugal. The three distribution centres of S. microcephala (viz. Northern Meseta, Upper Alberche basin, and the southern foothills of the Central System) should be treated as different conservation units, requiring further taxonomic investigation. Succisella andreae-molinae and S. microcephala are preliminarily downlisted to Near Threatened, due to the improved understanding of their occurrence.
... The small balsam (Impatiens parviflora DC., Balsaminaceae DC.) derives from Siberia, Mongolia, Turkestan, Dungaria, as well as the Altai and Pamir Mountains (Krawiecowa 1951;Meusel et al. 1978), so the ranges of both species overlap. ...
This study investigated the extend to which the snail Columella edentula is more strongly associated with the small balsam Impatiens parviflora than with other plants in the herb layer of an oak-hornbeam forest, and to interpret the character of the interaction Impatiens parviflora - Columella edentula. Numbers of C. edentula and rates of colonization were compared on various plant species under natural and laboratory conditions. Seasonal variation in snail abundance on I. parviflora was observed on permanent plots. The leaf injuries caused by C. edentula were localized in respect of the morphological and anatomical structure of leaves. The results show that I. parviflora is one of the plant species of the herb layer that are most abundantly colonized by this snail in oak-hornbeam forest. Snail finds a plant particularly suitable as a place for resting. The most favoured attachment site is on the underside of the leaf, along the midrib, which provides the highest and relatively stable humidity, as well as protection from direct sunlight and predators. I. parviflora is also a food for the snails, but they do not eat these fragments of leaves where calcium carbonate is accumulated.
... Poa remota Forselles is a boreal flora element of Eurasia with an occurrence centre in the coniferous forest belt of Northern Europe and Western Siberia (REGEL 1958, MEUSEL et al. 1965, HULTÉN & FRIES 1986. In Central Europe, it is frequent only at some parts of the Alps (AESCHIMANN et al. 2004, GBIF); in the Czech Republic and in Slovakia, it occurs sporadically, although with few confirmed records (Pladias1, 2). ...
Poa remota, previously known in Hungary only from the northern part of the Hungarian Middle Range, was found in the Bakony Mountains, the southern part of the mountain range. The species was recorded at three localities in the central part of the „Öreg-Bakony” geographic unit, in the valley system of the „Fekete-séd” stream. Similar to other Central European observations, the species thrives in spring marsh habitats and alder swamp forests around the springs. Poa remota may be a relict species of a colder climate period in the Bakony Mts. Its occurrence is also important from a phytogeographical point of view, as this record slightly expands the local distribution limit southwards.
... Pl.: 683, 1753, is a perennial densely hairy herb with a height of up to 60 cm and violet flowers accompanied by darker veins (Tutin et al. 1968). Its natural range includes the temperate zone of Kazakhstan, Central Asia, southern Siberia, Mongolia, and northern Pakistan, and extends eastwards to China, Korea and northern Japan (Meusel & Jäger 1992). It is also considered native to Eastern Europe (the Baltic countries, Belarus, and Ukraine), Romania, Turkey and the Caucasus, while in central, northern and western Europe, it is categorised as a naturalised neophyte (Aedo 2009). ...
The paper presents data on the distribution and spread of the alien vascular plant species Geranium sibiricum in Slovakia. Greater attention should be given to the existing data on its chorology and habitat preferences in the country. Some pertinent records are dispersed in various local literature sources and herbaria. In Slovakia, this alien species was recorded for the first time in 1924, but the significant increase in localities started after 1980. G. sibiricum has been found in 67 localities scattered irregularly throughout the Pannonian and Carpathian phytogeographical regions. It has been noted in a wide range of anthropogenic habitats at low to middle elevations. Recently, it has spread mainly in urban areas in eastern Slovakia and along railway tracks in northern and western Slovakia.
... The climate types were defined based on modified Walter climate diagrams generated from 36 climate parameters (Fig. S1) and the key for identifying climate types and variants given in Zbiljić et al. (2023). All the samples were classified into three biogeographic choria (Illyrian, Balkan and Albanian) according to the Comparative Chorology of Central European Flora (Meusel et al. 1965). ...
The compositional dependency of the essential oil of Clinopodium menthifolium subsp. menthifolium (Lamiaceae) on ecological conditions has not yet been investigated. In pursuit of this objective, we assessed the quantity and quality of the essential oil in plants from 11 natural populations from the Central Balkans and one cultivated plant. In order to determine the correlations between essential oil variations and environmental conditions, each habitat was characterised by 36 climatic and 19 bioclimatic parameters. Despite inhabiting diverse climatic zones, altitudes, and biogeographical regions, no significant differences were observed in the yield and qualitative and quantitative composition of the essential oils among the analysed plants. All the samples exhibited essential oil yield ≥ 0.5%, V/w, with piperitone epoxide as the major compound. Among the identified compounds, only limonene and (E)-caryophyllene demonstrated dependence on bioclimatic parameters. The bioclimatic parameters which influence the presence of a larger number of compounds are annual temperature range and the precipitation of the wettest quarter. The consistent quantity and quality of the essential oils of C. menthifolium subsp. menthifolium indicate their probable adaptive significance and could serve as chemotaxonomic features of this taxon.
... K.Malý, endemic to the Balkan Peninsula, belong to the E. verrucosa alliance, and not to the E. epithymoides group as suggested by Radcliffe-Smith and Tutin (1968). Of the remaining three species, E. epithymoides L. is widespread in the Balkan Peninsula, from where it extends into the Pannonian Plain and the Carpathians (Radcliffe-Smith and Tutin, 1968;Meusel et al., 1978). Frajman and Schönswetter (2011), followed by Riina et al. (2013), applied the name E. polychroma A. Kern. ...
... According to Meusel et al. (1965), the pre-Alpine (sub)meridional-continental-Eurasian flora element is strongly disjunct in Europe. Here it is considered extinct in several countries, such as Hungary, Liechtenstein and the Czech Republic. ...
In the course of vegetation studies in the Vjosa catchment in southern Albania in the
years 2017 to 2023, a number of taxa previously unknown or insufficiently known
from the area were found. In this paper, the following taxa are presented in alphabetical order: Acanthus hungaricus, Balkana spergulifolia, Biarum tenuifolium, Carex flacca subsp. serrulata, Cyperus flavescens, Fimbristylis bisumbellata, Periploca graeca, Salsola tragus subsp. tragus und Typha minima. Their distribution in southern Albania, habitat requirements and protection status are discussed.
... There are two extant species in "Europe": the rather widespread Staphylea pinnata L. and the Caucasian Staphylea colchica Stev. Both are elements of the Submediterranean-Nemoral Flora, i.e. of Summergreen Broad-Leaved Forests (Meusel & Jäger, 1992). In addition to regions of Central, Southern and Eastern Europe their areas incorporate parts of the neighborhood of the Black Sea (Fig. 1a, 1b) and therefore we rank them as European species. ...
Staphyleaceae is a small family of shrubs and trees with its name-giving genus Staphylea having a highly disjunct distribution. Staphylea has a rich fossil record and was an important element in warm temperate Tertiary forests and is therefore regarded as a Tertiary relict. Based on DNA-sequence analyses of the nuclear marker ITS 1–2 and the chloroplast marker trnL-F as well as AFLP fingerprinting (Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms) we gained more insights into the evolution and diversification of the two ‶European″ bladdernut species, the widespread diploid Staphylea pinnata and the tetraploid Staphylea colchica of the Caucasus. As the Caucasus is located west of the Ural Mountains, we consider both species as European.
Staphylea pinnata seems to be involved in the hybridization of the likely allo-poly-ploidization of Staphylea colchica together with an unknown, supposedly now extinct species.
Ancient repeat types of ITS 1–2 in Staphylea pinnata of Central Europe and Georgia suggested possible glacial refugia in Georgia, sequence similarity (especially a characteristic gap) in ITS 1–2 sequences of Ukrainian and Central European samples indicate refugia also in Ukraine.
Staphylea emodi, the only Staphylea species of Central Asia (Tibetan Plateau), was in our research more closely related to the European species than to American representatives.
... The factorial correspondence analysis (FCA) conducted across all three syntopic populations revealed that 37.43% of the total variability is described on the first two axes of the ordination space. The first axis accounted for 21.13% of the total variability, while the second accounted for 16 ied depending on the classification scheme and the position of the parent species. Consequently, the hybridogenic individuals from Sićevo were positioned in the first three quadrants, occupying a position intermediate between the parent species. ...
In this work, we analyzed the morphology and genetic structure of Teucrium montanum, T. capitatum and their hybrid T. × rohlenae from three syntopic populations. A morphometric study showed that the parents and their hybrids exhibited continuous morphological variation, with the hybrid positioned exactly between the parents. Genetic analysis revealed that plants morphologically identified as T. × rohlenae are fertile hybrids that produce hybrid swarms dominated by later-generation hybrids. This suggests that introgression, rather than speciation, is the more likely outcome of hybridization between these plant species. The extent and direction of gene flow between the two species differed markedly between the three syntopic localities. At the Trilj locality, it was clearly unidirectional, with T. capitatum playing the dominant role. At the Sićevo locality, gene flow was slightly asymmetric, favoring the genetic background of T. capitatum, while at the Sliven site, it was completely asymmetric in the opposite direction. The extreme case of unidirectional gene flow was observed at the Trilj locality where plants morphologically identified as T. montanum could not be genetically distinguished from T. capitatum. This suggests that interspecific hybridization occurred long ago, leading to introgression and cryptic hybrids, blurring of species boundaries and generating evolutionary noise.
... Currently, the main range of S. ferrugineus and the plant communities with this species are located in Central Europe [14] (Figure 3). Outside this area, small populations of S. ferrugineus are found in the European part of Russia, reaching the Mesyagutovskaya forest steppe and the northeastern foothills of the Southern Urals ( Figure 3) [3,[22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30]. ...
An analysis of the current potential range of the Pleistocene relict plant species Schoenus ferrugineus and modeling of changes in its future range under moderate (RCP4.5) and strong (RCP8.5) climate change in the middle and second half of the 21st century were carried out. The MaxEnt program was used for modeling. Climate variables from CHELSA Bioclim, the global digital soil mapping system SoilGrids, and a digital elevation model were used as predictors. Modeling has shown that climate change will lead to a significant reduction in the suitability of S. ferrugineus habitat conditions by the mid-21st century. The predicted changes in the distribution of habitats of S. ferrugineus, a diagnostic species of calcareous mires and an indicator of their ecological state, indicate a possible strong transformation of wetland complexes in the Southern Urals region even under moderate climate change. A reduction in the distribution of S. ferrugineus at the eastern limit of its range will also be facilitated by more frequent extreme droughts. To maintain the distribution of S. ferrugineus on the eastern border of its range, a number of measures are proposed to mitigate the negative consequences of climate change, contributing to the preservation of the hydrological regime of calcareous mires.
... A relatively rare species (over 25 modern localities) -Salvinia natans (Fig. 3). It is a tertiary relic species with an extensive geographical range from Central and Eastern Europe to south-eastern Asia (Meusel et al., 1965). The plant is associated with areas of sub-oceanic temperate, subtropical and tropical climates (Rothmaler et al., 1986). ...
In spite of modern trends in the development of the eastern Polesye flora, the relict have been preserved in the aquatic ecotopes of Europe, including eastern Polesye. The paper highlights the peculiarities of the distribution in the region of three aquatic Tertiary relics preserved by the Bern Convention. According to the results of a field research, the degree of a modern rarity of the aquatic relict species in eastern Polesye was established, in particular, a very rare species ( Aldrovanda vesiculosa), a moderately rare species ( Trapa natans) and a relatively rare species ( Salvinia natans). The current distribution of these relict species in the region has been positively affected by the increase in the values of maximum temperatures and isotherms of the summer months. A negative impact is made by the abrupt changes in the hydrological regime and the growth of anthropogenic eutrophication of reservoirs. Aldrovanda vesiculosa eliminates with minor changes in living conditions; Salvinia natans is the most tolerant to anthropogenic factors, but shows annual fluctuations in numbers; Trapa natans is stable distributed and has a tendency to expanding of its populations. The relics are the dominants of the Salvinio–Spirodeletum (polyrrhizae), Lemno–Utricularietum vulgaris, Spirodelo– Aldrovandetum vesiculosae, Trapetum natantis and Trapо–Nymphoidetum (peltatae) communities.
... i. Western Himalayan Province: (Hooker 1906;Turrill 1959;Meusel et al. 1965;Takhtajan 1978), West Himalaya (Clarke 1898); Western Himalayan Region (Chatterjee 1940(Chatterjee , 1962 This province includes Nuristan (Kafiristan); valleys of the rivers Kabul, Kurram, Kunar, Swat, and Gilgit; Waziristan; and the southern slopes and off spurs of the western Himalayas (westward from 83°E) at an average of over 1000 m in Kashmir, Shimla, Mussoorie, and Naini Tal belong to this province. In contrast to the other provinces of the Irano-Turanian Region, and itis characterized by a monsoon climate (also has a strong influence from the westerly jet stream). ...
In Nepal, Francis Buchanan-Hamilton first started collecting plants in 1802–1803. When foreigners were permitted to visit the country after the fall of Rana regime in 1951, the frequency of plant collection acquired momentum. Herbaria in Nepal, India, Europe, Japan, and America currently house collections from Nepal. These collections served as the foundation for several local flora publications. However, the Flora of Nepal has not yet been finished.
According to Takhtajan’s floristic classification system, the phytogeography of the flora of Nepal and its floristic links to neighboring regions have revealed that Nepal is influenced by two kingdoms, four subkingdoms, five regions, three subregions, and seven provinces.
... Buk roste od nižších poloh v severní části svého areálu (Norsko) až do 1000 m n. m. na Apeninském poloostrově (Wühlish 2008). V západní a střední Evropě je charakterizován oceánickým až středoevropským kontinentálním klimatem (Meusel 1965). Na základě klimatických scénářů lze ovšem v Evropě předpokládat posun areálu buku (Thuiller et al. 2008;obr. ...
In the period of ongoing global climate change, ecosystems, including Central European forests, face significant challenges such as summer
droughts and heat waves, which increase the climate risks also for the European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), an important and dominant
broadleaved tree species in this region. This article provides a comprehensive review of current knowledge on the adaptation strategies of
European beech in response to changing climatic conditions, highlighting its ecological demands, development of taxonomy, ecological and
economic importance and exploring its resilience, growth characteristics, and challenges such as water regime, pests, diseases, and the impact of
climate change. A key finding is that despite the various stressors affecting European beech, adaptive management and the use of mixed forest
stands can significantly contribute to its conservation and sustainable use. The importance of integrating the genetic diversity and adaptive
capacity of European beech into forestry practices is emphasised. The review of 203 studies highlights the need for further research focused on
understanding the interactions between European beech and a changing climate in order to develop more effective strategies for its conservation
and sustainable management in the future.
... It flowers from May to July, and its shoots mature in the autumn (Witkowska-Żuk, 2008;Jagodziński et al., 2016). The natural distribution area of the species is Europe and East Asia (Meusel et al., 1978), where A. podagraria inhabits open and shady habitats of beech, riparian, oak-hornbeam, and oak forests, as well as anthropogenic habitats (Witkowska-Żuk, 2008). ...
... The present study is based on the example of the two closely-related grasses: Festuca tatrae (Czakó) Degen and F. amethystina L. F. tatrae is endemic to the Western Carpathians (Mráz et al., 2016) whereas F. amethystina is distributed more widely across the Central and South-Eastern Europe (Meusel et al., 1965). In addition, while the former exists only as a diploid (2 n = 2x = 14), the latter has both diploid (2 n = 2x = 14) and tetraploid cytotypes (2 n = 4x = 28) (Kiedrzyński et al., 2021;Š marda et al., 2008). ...
The ongoing biodiversity crisis associated with anthropogenic global warming has especially severe effects on mountain and cold-adapted species. The lesson from the postglacial period can provide examples for future predictions, but scenarios of the range shift of mountain species are not fully explored. Different stories could happen if a species achieved long-distance dispersal and reached lowland locations or if survived only in mountains, during the ice age. In the case of grasses, a key role in range dynamics is played also by polyploidy. Due to their enhanced genetic and physiological plasticity, polyploids are thought to be less likely to become extinct during global changes. The present study explores the postglacial range shifts in two Festuca species, which differ in range size (endemic vs widespread) and in ploidy level (diploid vs mixed-ploidy). We used phylogeography and distribution models to analyze changes in potential range during global warming. We achieved a sophisticated prediction by using modeling based on climate and edaphic factors. Our findings indicate a low level of gene flow between populations, irrespective of variation in distance, range size and ploidy. Slightly shorter genetic distances were observed between the tetraploid populations compared to the diploids. Our data indicates that diploids adapted to cold conditions were restricted to mountains during glaciations, while polyploids spread more widely during cold periods. Nevertheless, since the LGM it appears that all studied ranges have been rather conservative, with maybe some local contractions and expansions, especially in tetraploids. Moreover, tetraploids demonstrated the most stable potential range during climate warming. The studied cases are characterized by individual and complex range dynamics dependent on local conditions and cytotype behaviour. However, generally speaking, studied mountain species demonstrate a conservative range, which places them at risk of extinction during global warming due to the lack of effective means of escape.
In a rapidly changing environment, habitat loss and fragmentation have primarily led to a decline in the numbers of numerous plant species. We compared the genetic variability of two small, isolated populations of Linnaea borealis L. with three populations from the core distribution area in the boreal region. The results show three main clusters, exemplars from the boreal distribution area being represented in all three clusters. The genetic variability within the two isolated Eastern-Southeastern Alpine populations was found to be very low, while genetic variability between them was very high. In addition, a low proportion of different genotypes was revealed in the Eastern-Southeastern Alpine populations as compared to the northern population. The high genetic variability between the two isolated Eastern-Southeastern Alpine populations indicates that most likely both are glacial relict populations, probably due to consecutive bottlenecks and long-term isolation under specific environmental conditions. Glacial relicts, which tend to be associated with endangered habitats, deserve urgent attention, especially when the recent anthropogenically-driven environmental crisis is considered.
Some plants belonging to the Leontodon sect. Asterothrix were collected from southern Albania. They were compared with the closest taxon (L. albanicus s.str.) from morphological and molecular (AFLPseq fingerprinting) points of view. Uni- and multivariate statistical analyses of morphological data revealed distinctive discontinuities—especially in terms of the characteristics of the indumentum–that are paralleled by separation into two genetic clusters in AFLPseq fingerprinting. Following an integrated taxonomic approach based on morphological, genetic, and geographical sources of evidence, we show that the newly discovered population should be regarded as a new subspecies named Leontodon albanicus subsp. acroceraunicus. The new taxon is described and illustrated, and its relationship with L. albanicus subsp. albanicus is also discussed. We have no data to assess conservation status according to IUCN categories and criteria; however, considering that it is probably limited to the Acroceraunian Mountains, it deserves particular conservation interest.
Danthonia alpina Vest is a highly endangered species in Switzerland and is mainly observed on Mount San Giorgio in southern Canton Ticino. The presence of this taxon has been questioned because recent Swiss floras illustrate D. ×brevia- ristata (Beck) Vierh. instead, i.e., the hybrid between D. decumbens (DC.) L. and D. alpina. The main objective of this study is to identify the taxa of Danthonia actually present on Mount San Giorgio, to provide an accurate map of their distribution, and to propose monitoring measures for the D. alpina population. To this end, an identification key was created for the three taxa. The presence/absence of each of the three taxa was then assessed within 10x10 m grids covering the summit of Mount San Giorgio; precise field location was ensured by the use of DGPS with centimeter accuracy. Results show that D. ×breviaristata is the most widespread taxon on Mount San Giorgio, but that its parent species D. decumbens and D. alpina are also present. Because recent Swiss floras indicate D. ×breviaristata as D. alpina, a revision of identification keys, descriptions and illustrations will be needed. Danthonia ×breviaristata is more similar to D. alpina than to D. decumbens. Its identification can be secured primarily on the basis of its caespitose habit in dense clumps, lower leaf sheaths more or less covered with whit- ish hairs, and awn length ≤ 10 mm, while D. alpina is distinguished by its looser clumps, always glabrous lower leaf sheaths, and awn length ≥ 11 mm. The ecological niches of the three taxa, although distinct, largely overlap. This is the case in most of the Mount San Giorgio grasslands. In these environments, the competitiveness of D. ×breviaristata may raise concerns that it could replace D. alpina in time. However, dry rocky grasslands favorable to D. alpina and visibly unfavorable to D. ×breviaristata still exist on the summits. The existence of these environments mitigates these concerns. Monitoring two areas would allow tracking changes in 40 percent of the grids where D. alpina has been recorded.
The northern water hemlock is an endangered species that has been severely diminished in Hungary due to water regulation and river control in the 18th and 19th centuries. We collected data on this highly toxic plant from Hungary using archival sources, including digitized databases of daily and weekly newspapers and books. By exploring historical digital archives, we identified 88 locatable occurrence records spanning 65 flora mapping grids, 52 of which represent new additions to its known distribution. Between 1721 and 1943, a total of 103 records were found relating to its vernacular names. The most widespread names were csomorika (predominantly used in the Berettyó-Sárrét and Hortobágy regions), mételytorzsa (Rétköz, Taktaköz, Ecsedi-láp), and Kónyi gyökér (Fertő-Hanság region). Human poisonings caused by this species were primarily due to confusion with parsley, celery, and, less frequently, parsnips or carrots, occasionally resulting in the deaths of entire families. Children, in particular, were at risk when they accidentally consumed it raw as a snack. There have also been instances of intentional homicidal use and unintentional fatalities associated with its ethnomedicinal application. The plant was primarily used to treat scrofula (a form of tuberculosis-induced lymphoma) and for abortion.
Die vierte Fassung der Roten Liste der Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Bayerns umfasst 3.647 Pflanzentaxa, davon 3.265 Indigene und Archäophyten, die eine Rote-Liste-Kategorie zugewiesen bekommen haben.
In Bayern sind 35 % der Gefäßpflanzensippen als gefährdet eingestuft. Ausgestorben sind 69, 200 sind vom Aussterben bedroht und 456 Sippen werden in die Kategorie "stark gefährdet" eingestuft. Neben der Auflistung der Sippen mit ihren Gefährdungskategorien wird auf die Änderungen gegenüber der letzten Roten Liste von 2003 eingegangen.
In this study, we present new distribution data of 79 alien plant species from Hungary collected over the last few years. Of the listed species, five are new to the Hungarian flora: Bidens connata, Dianthus giganteus, Guizotia abyssinica, Oenothera deflexa, Polypogon monspeliensis. Several occurrences of Bidens connata
were recorded in riparian vegetation in the middle and lower sections of the Tisza river. Dianthus giganteus, a rarely planted ornamental, was encountered in closed grasslands in some parts of the Balaton Uplands and the Rába Valley. The East-African Guizotia abyssinica – probably introduced with fish food – appears occasionally so far. Oenothera deflexa was found in an old-field on Hatvan Plain, while Polypogon monspeliensis turned up in a gravel pit at Rábapaty. Symphoricarpos orbiculatus is presumably already a more widespread, under-mapped species, and is expected to occur near settlements mainly. We report the first occurrence of Artemisia verlotiorum – a species of high invasive potential – from the Szigetköz section of the Danube. We illustrate on maps the spread of Euphorbia maculata and Lepidium densiflorum, which spread rapidly in the last two to three decades and are now widespread in Hungary. We add ample new data to the distribution of Lepidium oblongum, which appeared along railway lines a few years ago and has spread intensively since then, and on Plantago coronopus, which has been present along transport routes for a decade. We report on the recurrent appearence of Eclipta prostrata in riparian environments, the rapid spread of Torilis nodosa in dry habitats in the settlements of the Balaton region, and clarify the current status of invasion for Panicum dichotomiflorum, P. riparium and Setaria faberi based on numerous new observations. For the first time, we report on the occurrence of Albizia julibrissin, Chenopodium pumilio, Euphorbia serpens and Parietaria judaica in Western Transdanubia, and that of Lepidium virginicum in the Transdanubian Mountains. In the future, Leymus arenarius is expected to become a dangerous invasive species in sandy areas, Elymus elongatus in dry grasslands, Buddleja davidii and Pyracantha coccinea in shrublands, and Pennisetum alopecuroides in urban lawns. /
Tanulmányunkban 79 idegenhonos faj új elterjedési adatait mutatjuk be Magyarország területéről az elmúlt néhány évből. A felsorolt fajok közül öt (Bidens connata, Dianthus giganteus, Guizotia abyssinica, Oenothera deflexa, Polypogon monspeliensis) a magyarországi adventív flórára nézve új adat. A Bidens connata több előfordulását a Tisza középső és alsó szakaszán, parti növényzetben regisztráltuk. A ritkán ültetett dísznövényként ismert Dianthus giganteus a Balaton-felvidék és a Rába-völgy egy-egy pontján, zárt gyepben jelent meg. A kelet-afrikai eredetű Guizotia abyssinica előfordulásai egyelőre alkalmi megjelenések, a fajt vélhetően haleleséggel hurcolták be. Az Oenothera deflexa-t a Hatvani-síkon, parlagon találtuk, a Polypogon monspeliensis Rábapatyon egy kavicsbánya-gödörben került elő. A Symphoricarpos orbiculatus feltehetően már most elterjedtebb, alultérképezett faj, elsősorban települések közelében számíthatunk felbukkanására. Ismertetjük a magas inváziós potenciállal rendelkező Artemisia verlotiorum megjelenését a Duna szigetközi szakaszáról. Az elmúlt két-három évtizedben gyors ütemben teret hódító, napjainkra már általánosan elterjedt fajok közül az Euphorbia maculata és a Lepidium densiflorum expanziójának ütemét térképen szemléltetjük. A vasútvonalak mentén néhány éve megjelent, azóta intenzíven terjedő Lepidium oblongum, valamint a közlekedési utak mentén egy évtizede jelen lévő Plantago coronopus elterjedésével kapcsolatos ismereteket jelentős számú új adattal bővítjük. Beszámolunk az Eclipta prostrata ismétlődő felbukkanásáról folyóparti környezetben, a Torilis nodosa gyors terjedéséről a Balaton menti települések száraz termőhelyein, jelentős számú új megfigyelése alapján pontosítjuk a Panicum dichotomiflorum, a Panicum riparium és a Setaria faberi inváziójának aktuális helyzetét. Elsőként számolunk be az Albizia julibrissin, a Chenopodium pumilio, az Euphorbia serpens és a Parietaria judaica előfordulásáról a Nyugat-Dunántúl, a Lepidium virginicum megjelenéséről a Dunántúli-középhegység területén. A jövőben várhatóan veszélyes invázióssá válhat homokterületeken a Leymus arenarius, száraz gyepekben az Elymus elongatus, cserjésedő területeken a Buddleja davidii és a Pyracantha coccinea, települési kultúrgyepekben a Pennisetum
alopecuroides.
Background and aims – Chaerophyllum hirsutum represents a complex of taxa with varying treatments and ranks across floras. Using both morphometric and molecular markers, we assessed the robustness of C. hirsutum, C. elegans, C. villarsii, and C. villarsii var. cicutariiforme.
Material and methods – Ten morphometric variables and two ratios were calculated. Based on the sequencing of six plastomes, the rps16 intron was selected as the more variable region and sequenced on a broader sampling. Additionally, we also sequenced the nrDNA internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) using Illumina technology to obtain intra-individual allelic diversity.
Key results – Morphologically, the most easily differentiated taxon was C. elegans, especially using the number of subterminal umbels. The distinction between C. hirsutum and C. villarsii was rather clinal, but is mainly based on the degree of carpophore division. Finally, C. villarsii var. cicutariiforme was less easily distinguishable from the three others, but partly using the carpophore length and the total length of basal leaf blade. The cpDNArps16 clearly distinguished C. elegans from the three other taxa of the complex, which rather showed a geographical pattern of cpDNA diversity. The nrDNA ITS2 partially distinguished C. villarsii from the other taxa, without distinction of C. elegans.
Conclusions – The present study supports the species differentiation of C. elegans based on both morphology and chloroplast genome. Furthermore, C. villarsii var. villarsii and C. villarsii var. cicutariiforme could potentially be recognized as distinct varieties within C. hirsutum. This will need to be confirmed by future studies using a larger sampling size and more comprehensive markers, covering a broader portion of the nuclear genome.
This article presents the results of research on pure European beech forests with Symphytum cordatum found in the northern part of the Semenic Mountains (southwestern Romania). The pure European beech forests, included in the association Symphyto cordati-Fagetum, Vida (1959) 1963, exhibit a characteristic forest formation area for the middle mountain layer, identified on districambosol and eutricambosol soil types, deep, moderately acidic, eutrophic, moist, with high trophic levels, rich in mull-type humus, while the river valley terrain has alluvial soils and humiferous deposits. The purpose of the research consists of conducting a floristic, phytocenological, ecological, eco-protective, and bioeconomic study of the Banat beech forests, composed of Fagus sylvatica and Symphytum cordatum, identified in the northern part of the Semenic Mountains-Romania. The phytocenoses of these forests have been analyzed in terms of physiognomy, floristic composition, bioform spectrum, floristic elements, influence of ecological indicators, soil moisture, temperature, chemical soil reaction, and karyological spectrum. The conclusions provide a synthesis of the research results regarding the ecological, eco protective, and bioeconomic aspects associated with the beech forests of the Semenic Mountains, which are mainly composed of the plant species Fagus sylvatica and Symphytum cordatum.
The information on the spontaneous spread (1152 localities) of the invasive species Echinocystis lobata is summarized. It was found that this alien species is
timed to coastal water biotopes, floodplain meadows, mesophytic forests, wetlands, as well as disturbed ecotopes. The syntaxonomic scheme of vegetation
with the participation of E. lobata includes 13 classes, 7 orders, 8 alliances, and 8 associations. It is predicted that under the conditions of a temperature
increase of 3 °C, there will likely be changes in the carbonate content (Ca), water regime (Hd) of the soil, thermal regime (Tm), and climate humidity (Om),
which will cause a reduction in the secondary range of the species in Ukraine, and the changed acid regime of the soil will cause (Rc) its disappearance in
some localities. The obtained data can be used to carry out preventive measures regarding the emergence and further distribution of E. lobata in new
habitats with different degrees of anthropogenic transformation.
Due to habitat loss or changes in management, populations of Adenophora liliifolia (L.) A. DC. in Europe are increasingly endangered. Therefore, this plant has the status of an endangered or extremely endangered species in most European countries. It is defined as a "target species" or a "species of European concern" whose conservation requires designation of special areas of conservation. A. liliifolia is a rare plant species on the Balkan Peninsula, found only in the Western Balkans: in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Croatia, and Serbia. In Serbia, it is believed to have disappeared from its western region, specifically in the Derventa canyon and Grlac on Mount Tara. However, it is in good condition at its only known site in the Ibar river gorge in southwestern Serbia. During the revision of the herbarium material in the BEOU herbarium, a specimen of Adenophora liliifolia was discovered. It was collected in the Lim gorge near Gostun. Field research conducted in that area revealed a population of this species in an atypical habitat, next to the main road to Montenegro, in the vicinity of Brodarevo. The search for new sites of this internationally important species in the Lim Gorge, from Gostun and Brodarevo, and further to Ustibar, will continue in the coming period.
The regeneration niche of trees is governed by many processes and factors that are challenging to determine. Besides a species's geographic distribution, which determines if seeds are available, a myriad of local processes in forest ecosystems (e.g., competition and pathogens) exert influences on tree regeneration. Consequently, the representation of tree regeneration in dynamic forest models is a notoriously complicated process which often involves many subprocesses that are often data deficient. The ForClim forest gap model solved this problem by linking species traits to regeneration properties. However, this regeneration module was never validated with large-scale data. Here, we compare this trait-based approach with an inverse calibration approach where we estimate regeneration parameters directly from a large dataset of unmanaged European forests. The inverse calibration was done using Bayesian inference, estimating shade and drought tolerance as well as the temperature requirements for 11 common tree species along with the intensity of regeneration (i.e., the maximum regeneration rate). We find that the parameters determining the species' light niche (i.e., light requirements) are similar for the trait-based and calibrated values for both model variants, but only a more complex model variant that included competition between recruits leads to plausible estimates of the drought niche. The trait-derived temperature niche did not match to the estimates from either model variant using inverse calibration. The parameter estimates differed between the complex and the simple model, with the estimates for the complex model being closer to the trait-based parameters. In both model variants, the calibration strongly changed the parameters that determine regeneration intensity compared to the default.
We conclude that the regeneration niche of trees can be recovered from a large forestry dataset in terms of the stand-level parameters light availability and regeneration intensity, while abiotic drivers (temperature and drought) are more elusive. The higher performance (better fit to hold out) of the inversely calibrated models underpins the importance of informing dynamic models by real-world observations. Future research should focus on even greater environmental coverage of observations of demographic processes in unmanaged forests to verify our findings at species range limits under extreme climatic conditions.
Background
The genus Pulmonaria (Boraginaceae) represents a taxonomically complex group of species in which morphological similarity contrasts with striking karyological variability. The presence of different numbers of chromosomes in the diploid state suggests multiple hybridization/polyploidization events followed by chromosome rearrangements (dysploidy). Unfortunately, the phylogenetic relationships and evolution of the genome, have not yet been elucidated. Our study focused on the P. officinalis group, the most widespread species complex, which includes two morphologically similar species that differ in chromosome number, i.e. P. obscura (2n = 14) and P. officinalis (2n = 16). Ornamental cultivars, morphologically similar to P. officinalis (garden escapes), whose origin is unclear, were also studied. Here, we present a pilot study on genome size and repeatome dynamics of these closely related species in order to gain new information on their genome and chromosome structure.
Results
Flow cytometry confirmed a significant difference in genome size between P. obscura and P. officinalis, corresponding to the number of chromosomes. Genome-wide repeatome analysis performed on partial Illumina sequencing data showed that retrotransposons were the most abundant repeat type, with a higher proportion of Ty3/Gypsy elements, mainly represented by the Tekay lineage. Comparative analysis revealed no species-specific retrotransposons or striking differences in their copy number between the species. A new set of chromosome-specific cytogenetic landmarks, represented by satellite DNAs, showed that the chromosome structure in P. officinalis was more variable compared to that of P. obscura. Comparative karyotyping strongly supported the hybrid origin of putative hybrids with 2n = 15 collected from a mixed population of both species and outlined the origin of ornamental garden escapes, confirming their derivation from the P. officinalis complex.
Conclusions
Large-scale genome size analysis and repeatome characterization of the two morphologically similar species of the P. officinalis group improved our knowledge of the genome dynamics and differences in the karyotype structure. A new set of chromosome-specific cytogenetic landmarks was identified and used to reveal the origin of putative hybrids and ornamental cultivars morphologically similar to P. officinalis.
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