Systematic revision of the South American genus Praocis Eschscholtz, 1829 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Part 1: Introduction and subgenus Praocis s. str

Abstract

The first part of a revision of the species comprising the genus Praocis Eschscholtz, 1829 (Pimeliinae: Praociini) is presented. The history of taxonomic research on Praocis is reviewed. The subgeneric classification is outlined. The subgenus Praocis s. str., distributed in Central and Southern Chile, is revised. Species occur from 26° South to 42° South in the biogeographic provinces of Atacama, Coquimbo, Santiago, Maule and Valdivian Forest. Included is a redescription of the subgenus Praocis s. str., redescription of its species, an identification key, habitus photographs of the most representative species, illustrations of external morphology and genital features, scanning electron micrographs of pronotum, head and antenna, as well as distribution maps. Praocis s. str. comprises 18 species, two of which are new: Praocis (Praocis) bicentenario sp. 2 · Zootaxa 3336 © 2012 FLORES & PIZARRO-ARAYA Magnolia Press nov. and P. (P.) medvedevi sp. nov. Other species include: Praocis (Praocis) aenea Gay & Solier 1840, P. (P.) costata Gay & Solier 1840, P. (P.) curta Solier 1840, P. (P.) elliptica Philippi & Philippi 1864, P. (P.) hirtella Kulzer 1958, P. (P.) marginata Germain 1855, P. (P.) parva Gay & Solier 1840, P. (P.) quadrisulcata Germain 1855, P. (P.) rufipes Eschscholtz 1829 (type species), P. (P.) sanquinolenta Gay & Solier 1840, P. (P.) spinolai Gay & Solier 1840, P. (P.) subaenea Erichson 1834, P. (P.) subsulcata Gay & Solier 1840, P. (P.) sulcata Eschscholtz 1829 and P. (P.) tibialis Gay & Solier 1840. The status of P. (P.) bicostata Philippi & Philippi 1864, currently considered a valid name, is discussed. A lectotype is designated for Praocis (P.) laevicosta Curtis 1845 (synonym of P. (P.) subaenea). The subgenus Praocis (Parapraocis) Kulzer 1958 is excluded from Praocis.

Full text

Accepted by A.D. Smith: 12 Apr. 2012; published: 6 Jun. 2012
ZOOTAXA
ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition)
ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition)
Copyright © 2012 · Magnolia Press
Zootaxa 3336: 1–35 (2012)
www.mapress.com/zootaxa/Article
1
Systematic revision of the South American genus Praocis Eschscholtz, 1829
(Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Part 1: Introduction and subgenus Praocis s. str.
GUSTAVO E. FLORES1,3 & JAIME PIZARRO-ARAYA2
1CONICET, Laboratorio de Entomología, Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas (IADIZA, CCT CONICET Men-
doza), Casilla de correo 507, 5500 Mendoza, Argentina
2Laboratorio de Entomología Ecológica, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Serena, Casilla 599, La
Serena, Chile. E-mail: japizarro@userena.cl
3Corresponding author. E-mail: gflores@mendoza-conicet.gov.ar
Table of contents
Abstract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2
Subgeneric classification of Praocis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2
Material and methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3
Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Genus Praocis Eschscholtz, 1829 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Subgenus Praocis (Praocis) Eschscholtz, 1829 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5
Key to species of the subgenus Praocis s. str. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8
Praocis (Praocis) costata Gay & Solier, 1840 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
Praocis (Praocis) sanquinolenta Gay & Solier, 1840 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
Praocis (Praocis) quadrisulcata Germain, 1855 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14
Praocis (Praocis) rufipes Eschscholtz, 1829 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Praocis (Praocis) bicentenario sp. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16
Praocis (Praocis) hirtella Kulzer, 1958 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17
Praocis (Praocis) subsulcata Gay & Solier, 1840 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18
Praocis (Praocis) marginata Germain, 1855 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Praocis (Praocis) elliptica Philippi & Philippi, 1864. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Praocis (Praocis) subaenea Erichson, 1834. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Praocis (Praocis) sulcata Eschscholtz, 1829 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Praocis (Praocis) spinolai Gay & Solier, 1840 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23
Praocis (Praocis) medvedevi sp. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26
Praocis (Praocis) curta Solier, 1840 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26
Praocis (Praocis) aenea Gay & Solier, 1840 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Praocis (Praocis) tibialis Gay & Solier, 1840 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30
Praocis (Praocis) parva Gay & Solier, 1840 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31
Species assigned to Praocis s. str. but not examined. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Praocis bicostata Philippi & Philippi, 1864. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33
Abstract
The first part of a revision of the species comprising the genus Praocis Eschscholtz, 1829 (Pimeliinae: Praociini) is present-
ed. The history of taxonomic research on Praocis is reviewed. The subgeneric classification is outlined. The subgenus
Praocis s. str., distributed in Central and Southern Chile, is revised. Species occur from 26º South to 42º South in the bio-
geographic provinces of Atacama, Coquimbo, Santiago, Maule and Valdivian Forest. Included is a redescription of the sub-
genus Praocis s. str., redescription of its species, an identification key, habitus photographs of the most representative species,
illustrations of external morphology and genital features, scanning electron micrographs of pronotum, head and antenna, as
well as distribution maps. Praocis s. str. comprises 18 species, two of which are new: Praocis (Praocis) bicentenario sp.

FLORES & PIZARRO-ARAYA
2 · Zootaxa 3336 © 2012 Magnolia Press
nov. and P. (P.) medvedevi sp. nov. Other species include: Praocis (Praocis) aenea Gay & Solier 1840, P. (P.) costata Gay
& Solier 1840, P. (P.) curta Solier 1840, P. (P.) elliptica Philippi & Philippi 1864, P. (P.) hirtella Kulzer 1958, P. (P. ) mar-
ginata Germain 1855, P. (P.) parva Gay & Solier 1840, P. (P.) quadrisulcata Germain 1855, P. (P.) rufipes Eschscholtz
1829 (type species), P. (P. ) sanquinolenta Gay & Solier 1840, P. (P.) spinolai Gay & Solier 1840, P. (P.) subaenea Erichson
1834, P. (P.) subsulcata Gay & Solier 1840, P. (P.) sulcata Eschscholtz 1829 and P. (P.) tibialis Gay & Solier 1840. The
status of P. (P.) bicostata Philippi & Philippi 1864, currently considered a valid name, is discussed. A lectotype is desig-
nated for Praocis (P.) laevicosta Curtis 1845 (synonym of P. (P.) subaenea). The subgenus Praocis (Parapraocis) Kulzer
1958 is excluded from Praocis.
Key words: Tenebrionidae, Pimeliinae, Praociini, Praocis, Chile, coastal desert, South America
Introduction
The genus Praocis Eschscholtz 1829 is placed in the Praociini, an endemic Neotropical tribe of Pimeliinae with
149 species arranged in 14 genera, which is distributed in arid and semiarid lands of southern South America
(Kulzer 1958; Flores 2000, 2001, 2007, 2009; Flores & Chani-Posse 2005; Flores & Vidal 2009; Flores et al.
2011).
Praocis was established by Eschscholtz (1829) for Praocis rufipes and P. sulcat a that he collected in Concep-
cion, Chile. Subsequent authors described additional new species (Lacordaire 1830; Laporte 1840; Germar 1855;
Philippi & Philippi 1864; Burmeister 1875; Fairmaire 1883a, b) and revised the genus (Solier 1840, 1851; Lacor-
daire 1859) increasing the number of species to 93 (Gebien 1938). Kulzer (1958) in his revision of Praocis estab-
lished 15 synonymies and described new species and subspecies, resulting in 77 species and 7 subspecies arranged
in ten subgenera, distributed from central Peru to the southern part of Patagonia in Argentina and Chile. Other new
species were later described (Kaszab 1969; Molinari 1969; Marcuzzi 1977, 2001), increasing the number of species
to 100. Recent examination of types of Praocis (Flores 2007, 2009; Flores & Pizarro-Araya 2010; Flores et al.
2011) led to 13 synonymies resulting in 77 valid species plus 8 subspecies (Flores et al. 2011) and 7 species incer-
tae sedis for which the types are lost (Kulzer 1958; Flores & Pizarro-Araya 2010).
Since Praocis was erected (Eschscholtz 1829), 119 names of species and subspecies have been proposed for
the genus, 33 of which (27.73 %) are considered synonyms. The worst situation is that of the subgenus Praocis s. str.
formerly composed of 29 names, of which 16 are valid and 13 (45 %) synonymous.
This paper is the first contribution to a revision of the genus Praocis. The history of taxonomic research on the
genus and its subgeneric classification are reviewed and a revision is made of the species of the subgenus Praocis
s. str., which are endemic to Central and Southern Chile.
Subgeneric classification of Praocis
After the description of Praocis by Eschscholtz (1829), Guérin-Méneville (1834) created the genus Anthrasomus to
include his new species A. chevrolati from Chile. Solier (1840) revised Praocis and described 20 new species for
the genus; due to the great variation among its species, he established three divisions within the genus: Praocis s.
str., Anthrasomus (considered within Praocis by Solier) and Orthogonoderes Gay and Solier (created in the same
study). Solier (1840) also created the new genus Filotarsus, today regarded as subgenus of Praocis. To separate
Praocis from Anthrasomus and Orthogonoderes, Solier (1840) used features such as the shape of the body and pro-
notum and the posterior angles of pronotum; to separate Anthrasomus from Orthogonoderes, Solier (1840) used the
shape of body and pronotum and length of the last antennomere, and to separate the genus Praocis from the genus
Filotarsus, he used the shape of the anterior tibiae. Later, Solier (1851) considered three sections within Praocis:
Praocis s. str., Anthrasomus and Orthogonoderes. Filotarsus was placed within Anthrasomus.
Lacordaire (1859) also recognized three sections within Praocis: Praocis s. str., Anthrasomus (including Filo-
tarsus) and Orthogonoderes. For the limits among these sections, Lacordaire (1859) used the characters proposed
by Solier (1840): shape of body, pronotum and anterior tibiae. At this time, most known species of Praocis were
described from Chile (only two were from Peru). This concept of Praocis accommodated all known species of the
genus among these three sections.

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REVISION OF GENUS PRAOCIS. PART 1: SUBGENUS PRAOCIS
Burmeister (1875) and Fairmaire (1883a, b) described new species of Praocis from Argentina at the East of the
Andes, which did not fit at that time into any of the pre-established sections of the genus. Subsequent catalogs
(Gemminger & Harold 1870; Gebien 1910, 1938; Blackwelder 1945) listed the sections Anthrasomus, Orthogono-
deres and Filotarsus as synonyms of Praocis.
Kulzer (1958) in his revision of Praocis reunited most of the types of known species from Chile together with
abundant material from Argentina, Bolivia and Peru that constituted several new species. Because of the great varia-
tion among these, Kulzer (1958) classified the species of Praocis into 10 subgenera, six of which were new: Meso-
praocis, Postpraocis, Parapraocis, Hemipraocis, Praonoda, and Praocida, plus the four sections of Solier (1840):
Praocis s. str., Anthrasomus, Orthogonoderes, and Filotarsus. Kulzer (1958) did not characterize these subgenera
but in his key he mentioned character states for identifying some of them (shape of prosternum, posterior angles of
pronotum, lateral margin of pronotum, lateral margin of elytron, body shape and apical process of protibiae), except
between Anthrasomus and Filotarsus, and between Orthogonoderes and Praocida, which can be keyed only by
body size.
In this revision of the genus Praocis we add new characters to define each subgenus, such as the shape of
clypeus, frons and clypeal suture, the arrangement of apical tomentose sensory patches on antennomeres 9, 10 and
11, length and proportion of antennomeres 9, 10 and 11, distance between meso–metacoxae, setae on ventral surface
of profemora, shape of protibiae, and genital features.
The objectives of this study are to revise Praocis s. str. by incorporating new characters from external mor-
phology and male genitalia and to detail their geographic distribution. As a result of this revision, we describe two
new species that increase the number of species of the genus to 79. In the last contribution to this revision we will
present a key for the subgenera of Praocis as we have many undescribed species of the remaining subgenera to
describe in further contributions, which may modify the current subgeneric concepts of Kulzer (1958).
Material and methods
The present study is based on examination of specimens borrowed from the following collections and curators (we
follow Arnett et al. 1993 where possible for collections codens): The Natural History Museum, London, England
(BMNH, Maxwell V. L. Barclay), Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, USA (FMNH, Alfred Newton, Mar-
garet Thayer), Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas, Mendoza, Argentina (IADIZA, Sergio
Roig-Juñent), Juan Enrique Barriga private collection, Curicó, Chile (JEBC, Juan Enrique Barriga), Laboratorio de
Entomología Ecológica, Universidad de La Serena, Chile (LEULS, Jorge Cepeda-Pizarro), Museo Argentino de
Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia, Buenos Aires, Argentina (MACN, Arturo Roig-Alsina), Muséum
National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France (MNHN, Claude Girard, Antoine Mantilleri), Museum fur Naturkunde
der Humboldt Universitat, Berlin, Germany (MNHUB, Manfred Uhlig, Bernd Jaeger), Museo Nacional de Historia
Natural, Santiago, Chile (MNNC, Mario Elgueta D.), Natural History Museum, Basel, Switzerland (NHMB, Eva
Sprecher), Pedro Vidal G. H. private collection, Santiago, Chile (PVGH, Pedro Vidal G. H.), Royal Belgian Insti-
tute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium (RBINS, Jerome Constant), Universidad de Concepción, Concepción,
Chile (UCCC, Jorge Artigas).
All measurements were taken with a micrometer eyepiece. Body length was measured dorsally, along the mid-
line, from anterior margin of labrum to elytral apex. For paraproct/coxite length, the ratio proposed by Doyen
(1993) was used (P/C); for basal lamina of tegmen/lateral styles length (B/E), and median lobe/tegmen length (L/T)
the ratios proposed by Flores (1996) were used. Dissection methods are those used by Tschinkel & Doyen (1980)
for genital structures. Terminology of foreleg was taken from Doyen (1984: Fig. 41). Drawings were made with a
camera lucida adapted to a stereoscopic microscope. Exact label data are cited only for the type material, where
brackets delimit the text of individual labels. For distribution of the species we used the biogeographic classifica-
tion of Morrone (2006).
Solier (1840) described 20 species of Praocis. Most of these new species were collected in Chile by C. Gay,
who sent Solier the material for study. In the first of these descriptions, Praocis costata (Solier 1840: 222), Solier
stated: ¨Je ne donne pas la description détaillée de cette espèce, pour ne pas anticiper sur le travail inédit que M.
Gay et moi devons publier sur les Coléopterères du Chili, et j´observerai la même réserve pour les diverses espèces
de ce voyage¨. In fact, for 17 of a total of 20 new species of Praocis described in that monograph of Praociini, the

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4 · Zootaxa 3336 © 2012 Magnolia Press
descriptions were short and assigned to Gay and Solier. These authors never published the intended paper on Gay’s
trip, and subsequent authors (Gebien 1910, 1938; Kulzer 1958) attributed all these species to Solier alone. Accord-
ing to the interpretation of Article 50.1.1 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN 1999), the
authors of these species are Gay and Solier, as Solier indicated. This is valid for some species belonging to the sub-
genera Praocis s. str., Anthrasomus, Filotarsus and Orthogonoderes, with which we will deal in future contribu-
tions.
Results
Genus Praocis Eschscholtz, 1829
Praocis Eschscholtz, 1829: 6; Lacordaire, 1830: 284; Guérin-Méneville, 1834: 8; Dejean, 1834: 180 (cat.); Dejean, 1836: 200
(cat.); Guérin-Méneville, 1838: 92; Laporte, 1840: 186; Solier, 1840: 214 (rev.); Solier, 1851: 185 (rev.); Lacordaire, 1859:
212; Gemminger & Harold, 1870: 1904 (cat.); Burmeister, 1875: 495 (rev.); Philippi, 1887: 731 (cat.); Champion, 1895: 93
(cat.); Kolbe, 1907: 86 (cat.); Gebien, 1910: 260 (cat.); Bruch, 1915: 275 (cat.); Gebien, 1938: 398 (cat.); Blackwelder,
1945: 522 (cat.); Kulzer, 1958: 11 (rev.); Peña, 1966: 428 (cat.); Vidal & Guerrero, 2007: 73, 206; Flores, 2007: 411, 416;
Flores, 2009: 23. Type species: Praocis rufipes Eschscholtz, 1829 (subsequent designation by Guérin-Méneville, 1834:
8–9).
Redescription. Length 5.0–18.0 mm. Head. Prognathous; labrum with anterior margin not broadened; clypeus and
frons with round punctures; mentum subtrapezoidal, with setae; maxillary palps with last segment axe-shaped; eyes
oval; antennomere 3 shorter than 4 + 5 combined.
Thorax. Prothorax semi-mobile; pronotum with round punctures; anterior angles rounded, anterior margin con-
cave, width of posterior margin exceeding width of anterior margin, single lateral margin slender, expanded, remote
from disc, posterior margin convex, not exceeding width of base of elytra, joined in central half to elytra, posterior
angles not overlapping elytral humeri; disc of pronotum convex, higher than lateral margins; mesosternum inclined
forward, separated from prosternum; scutellum visible.
Elytron with punctate surface, very variable among the subgenera and species in features such as with or with-
out carinae, lateral margin well defined with a fine edge or carina shaped or rounded not defined, single or double;
epipleuron with edge, anterior margin reaching elytral humeri and posterior angle of pronotum.
Legs. Procoxal separation equal to 1/3 procoxal width; mesocoxal and metacoxal separations not exceeding
mesocoxal and metacoxal width; metacoxal cavity closed laterally by metasternum and sternum 3. Ventral femoral sur-
face with setae arising from punctures.
Discussion. The genus Praocis was described by Eschscholtz (1829) and characterized by Solier (1840, 1851)
and Lacordaire (1859), who defined it as having maxillary palps with last segment axe-shaped and pronotum with lat-
eral margin slender, expanded, remote from disc. Kulzer (1958) did not redefine the genus but pointed out the great
variation in many features among the species; in his key, he characterized Praocis only as having maxillary palps
with last segment axe-shaped and pronotum with anterior angles rounded. Kulzer (1958) classified the species of
Praocis into 10 subgenera, six of which were new.
Examination of species of all subgenera of Praocis (sensu Kulzer 1958) allows us to define the genus Praocis
on the basis of five consistent character states, some of them used in previous revisions (Eschscholtz 1829; Solier
1840, 1851; Lacordaire 1859; Kulzer 1958): maxillary palps with last segment axe-shaped (defined here as apex twice
as wide as base), antennomere 3 shorter than 4 + 5 combined, pronotum with single lateral margin slender, expanded,
remote from disc, and anterior angles rounded.
Subgenus excluded from Praocis. The subgenus (Parapraocis) Kulzer 1958 is excluded here from Praocis
because its species exhibit the following character states: maxillary palps with last segment subcylindric, apex wider
than base (apex 1.5 times as wide as base), antennomere 3 longer than 4 + 5 combined, pronotum with lateral margin
not expanded, contiguous with disc, lateral margin double, and anterior angles acute.
Examination of the external morphology of species from all the remaining genera of Praociini revealed that the
character states antennomere 3 longer than 4 + 5 combined and pronotum with lateral margin double are unique to
species assigned to Parapraocis and these deserve recognition as a separate genus within Praociini. Parapraocis
includes three species inhabiting Peru: Parapraocis vagecostata (Fairmaire) n. comb. (type species, present designa-
tion), P. rossi (Kulzer) n. comb., and P. fumaria (Kulzer) n. comb.

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REVISION OF GENUS PRAOCIS. PART 1: SUBGENUS PRAOCIS
Subgenus Praocis (Praocis) Eschscholtz, 1829
Praocis Eschscholtz, 1829: 6.
Praocis (Praocis): Solier, 1840: 220; Solier, 1851: 186; Lacordaire, 1859: 213; Kulzer, 1958: 11 (rev.); Peña, 1966: 428 (cat.);
Vidal & Guerrero, 2007: 73, 212; Flores, 2007: 411, 416.
Redescription. Length 5.0–14.0 mm; habitus elongate to oval, flattened or convex; body glabrous or with short
setae. Colour of body and legs black to dark brown, antennae dark brown.
Head. Clypeus with anterior margin concave, extending anterior to lateral expansion of frons, width of anterior
margin not exceeding half the width of interocular distance; clypeal suture not covered by frons, clypeus and frons at
same level; frons with round punctures, lateral expansion rounded (Fig. 1); antennae equal in length in both sexes;
antennomere 10 wider than long, antennomere 9 longer than antennomere 10, antennomere 11 longer than antennom-
ere 10 (Fig. 2); apical tomentose sensory patches on antennomere 9 in two areas subequal in size, on antennomere 10
in a semicircle dorsally continuous, on antennomere 11 on distal half (Fig. 2).
FIGURES 1−4. Scanning electron micrographs of body details of Praocis (Praocis) species. 1. Praocis (P.) subaenea, head in
dorsal view. 2. P. (P.) bicentenario sp. nov., antennomeres 9–11 in dorsal view. 3. P. (P. ) spinolai, lateral margin of pronotum in
dorsal view. 4. P. (P.) spinolai, scaly setae of elytron into a groove.
Thorax. Pronotum with round punctures, lacking carinae or striae; prosternum with a narrow, well defined edge
on anterior margin. Proepisternum, mesepisternum, and metepisternum with protuberances. Proepisternum with
shallow grooves not reaching superior margin. Metasternum with punctures.
Elytron convex, surface punctate, lateral margin well defined with a fine edge, epipleuron conspicuous through-
out, with edge, anterior margin reaching elytral humeri and posterior angle of pronotum, anterior quarter four times as
wide as posterior half.

FLORES & PIZARRO-ARAYA
6 · Zootaxa 3336 © 2012 Magnolia Press
FIGURES 5−14. Male and female genitalia and body details of Praocis (Praocis) species. 5. Fore tibia and tarsus in anterior
view of Praocis (P.) sanquinolenta. 6−9: Male: 6, 7. P. (P. ) rufipes, dorsal and ventral views; 8, 9. P. (P. ) elliptica, dorsal and ven-
tral views. Abbreviations: bl, basal lamina of tegmen, ls, lateral styles of tegmen, ml, median lobe. 10. Ovipositor (ventral view),
spiculum and internal female reproductive tract of P. (P.) hirtella. Abbreviations: c, coxite, o, oviduct, p, paraproct, s, spermatheca,
sag, spermathecal accessory gland, sp, spiculum, v, vagina. 11–14. Prosternum and mesosternun, lateral aspect. 11. P. (P.) costata;
12. P. (P.) quadrisulcata; 13. P. (P.) elliptica; 14. P. (P.) marginata. Abbreviations: p, prosternum, m, mesosternum. Scale bars: 1
mm.

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REVISION OF GENUS PRAOCIS. PART 1: SUBGENUS PRAOCIS
Legs. Distance between meso– metacoxae exceeding half mesocoxal length. Ventral surface of profemora with
a row of setae on anterior edge. Protibiae explanate, apical process concave from behind, inner and outer margins
armed with a row of contiguous spines, outer margin concave (Fig. 5), anterior face with long, fine setae; posterior face
of protibiae and outer face of meso– and metatibiae with short, stout setae. Ventral surface of tarsi bearing sparse
decumbent setae.
Male genitalia (Figs 6−9). Dorsal membrane of proctiger concave, with two sclerotized areas. Basal lamina of
tegmen long (B/E > 1.0) (Figs 6, 8). Lateral styles of tegmen distally close, with apex narrow, with setae on ventral
surface and lateral margins (Figs 7, 9), and not overlapping median lobe dorsally. Median lobe tubulous, one third
width of lateral styles of tegmen (Figs 6, 8).
Female genitalia (Fig. 10). Spiculum with arms “V”-shaped. Paraprocts with setae; coxites with setae, basal lobe
of coxite not extended over paraproct, midventral sclerite distally broadened. Vagina saccate. Spermathecal accesory
gland longer than vagina, with duct not annulate. Spermatheca with six basal tubes or less, all similar in width and
branching pattern.
Geographic distribution. The species of Praocis s. str. are endemic to central and southern Chile and occur
from 26º South (Atacama Region, Quebrada el León) to 42º South (Los Lagos Region, Carelmapu) in the biogeo-
graphic provinces of Atacama, Coquimbo, Santiago, Maule and Valdivian Forest (Morrone 2006).
Habitat. The distribution range of the subgenus extends from the sea level to an altitude of ~1300 m. Most
species are distributed between the Huasco coastal desert and the coastal steppe shrub (Gajardo 1994), with 4 and
10 species each one and are ecologically related to shrubby and herbaceous vegetation (perennial and annual) char-
acteristic of the Chilean Coastal Desert (CCD) such as Frankenia chilensis K. Presl (Frankeniaceae), Nolana
brunonianus Hook. et. Arn, Nolana sedifolia Poepp. (Nolanaceae), Haplopappus foliosus DC. (Asteraceae), Cris-
taria glaucophylla Cav. (Malvaceae), Leucocoryne dimorphophetala (Gay) (Alliaceae), Adesmia littoralis Burkart
(Papilionaceae), and Alstroemeria leporina Ehr. (Alstroemeriaceae). One species (Praocis (P.) costata) inhabits
deciduous woodlands of Nothofagus obliqua, N. alpina, and Aextoxicon punctatum (Gajardo 1994) in the Valdivian
Forest biogeographic province (Morrone 2006).
Biology. Adults are epigean and phytophagous, have diurnal habits and bury underground or hide under stones
or shrubs in the hours of highest solar radiation. They are found mainly on coastal terraces, plains, and basins of the
longitudinal valley of the CCD. One of us (JPA) collected Praocis bicentenario sp. nov. walking during the day-
time on dunes and eating flowers and leaves of Scirpus americanus (Cyperaceae) and Chorizanthe paniculada
(Polygonaceae) in the Choapa Province (Coquimbo Region, Chile).
Laboratory observations on oviposition: eggs are laid on the substrate surface –mainly sand– or at a depth
ranging from 5 to 10 cm. Larval development is hypogeous and occurs mainly in protected places, e.g., under bark
or rocks, and on sandy soils containing roots or rotting wood (J. Pizarro-Araya pers. obs.). The behavior of Praocis
(Praocis) spinolai Gay & Solier and Praocis (Praocis) tibialis Gay & Solier 1840 shows that eggs are laid in
groups of 5 to 7, with a maximum of 6 ovipositions. These data agree with reports by Pizarro-Araya et al. (2005,
2007) on Gyriosomus Guérin-Méneville, a genus of Tenebrionidae Pimeliinae sympatric with Praocis.
Ecology. Some studies on coleopteran communities have documented the presence of species of the genus
Praocis in central Chile and provided details about their distribution. Sáiz & Campalans (1984) and Cepeda-
Pizarro (1989) studied the relationship between the assemblage of epigean coleopterans and plant communities;
Cepeda-Pizarro et al. (1996) examined the relationship between the body size of tenebrionids and biomass, and
Vergara et al. (2006) related the distribution patterns of coleopteran species to protected areas.
Alfaro et al. (2009) documented the taxonomic diversity of epigean tenebrionids on the Choros Archipelago
(Coquimbo Region). They recorded fourteen species from eight genera, and Praocis (Praocis) spinolai Gay and
Solier was the second most abundant, making up 17% of the total capture. Praocis was the most diverse genus of
Tenebrionidae, with four sympatric species from three subgenera in all three islands associated mainly to dune sys-
tems, where they captured larvae of the genera Praocis and Gyriosomus at different stages of development. The
preference for sandy places by species of these two genera agrees with observations by Pizarro-Araya et al. (2005,
2007) showing that such habitats allow for deeper ovipositions (Alfaro et al. 2009; Pizarro-Araya 2010).

FLORES & PIZARRO-ARAYA
8 · Zootaxa 3336 © 2012 Magnolia Press
Key to species of the subgenus Praocis s. str.
1. Pronotum widest at midpoint (Fig. 15), lateral margin with a horizontal, outer groove bearing a row of long, golden setae, dorsal
surface of lateral margin lacking a row or tuft of setae; prosternum convex, with edge on anterior margin of equal width
throughout, lacking prosternal process (Fig. 11) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P. (Praocis) costata Gay & Solier
- Pronotum widest behind midpoint (Figs. 16−26), lateral margin lacking horizontal outer groove and without setae, dorsal surface
of lateral margin bearing a row or tuft of short, golden setae (Fig. 3); prosternum horizontal, with edge on anterior margin
broadened below gula, prosternal process subrectangular forming a straight angle or produced backwards (Figs. 12−14) . . . . . .2
2. Apical tomentose sensory patches on antennomere 9 arranged in two areas contiguous dorsally (Fig. 2); antennomere 10 wider
than antennomere 11 (Fig. 2); prosternum and mesosternum with protuberances; prosternal process subrectangular forming a
straight angle, not produced backwards (Fig. 12); pseudopleuron with setae arising on protuberances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3
- Apical tomentose sensory patches on antennomere 9 arranged in two areas separated dorsally; antennomere 10 as wide as
antennomere 11; prosternum and mesosternum with punctures; prosternal process produced backwards (Figs. 13–14);
pseudopleuron glabrous or with setae arising on punctures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3. Antennomere 9 longer than wide; pronotum with lateral quarters flat, dorsal surface of lateral margin bearing a row of long,
golden setae (Fig. 3); elytron with four longitudinal grooves bearing fine, golden setae (Fig. 16) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P. (Praocis) sanquinolenta Gay & Solier
- Antennomere 9 wider than long (Fig. 2); pronotum with lateral quarters convex, dorsal surface of lateral margin bearing a tuft of
long, golden setae; elytron with two to four longitudinal grooves bearing broad, golden, scaly setae (Fig. 4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4
4. Pronotum with disc glabrous, width of anterior margin not exceeding half the width of posterior margin; elytron with four
longitudinal grooves bearing setae, grooves wider than intervals, inner groove parallel with the inner groove of the other elytron;
metatibiae straight. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P. (Praocis) quadrisulcata Germain
- Pronotum with disc bearing fine golden setae, width of anterior margin exceeding half the width of posterior margin; elytron with
two or three longitudinal grooves bearing setae, intervals wider than grooves, inner groove converging at the apex with the inner
groove of the other elytron (Fig. 17); metatibiae curved outward (Fig. 17) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5
5. Pronotum with posterior angles right; elytron with three longitudinal grooves bearing setae, inner groove from apex of elytron
surpassing the midpoint of elytron towards anterior, medial and outer grooves from apex of elytron reaching the base towards
anterior, intervals arched . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P. (Praocis) rufipes Eschscholtz
- Pronotum with posterior angles acute; elytron with two longitudinal grooves bearing setae, inner groove from apex of elytron
reaching only the posterior third, not surpassing the midpoint of elytron towards anterior, outer groove wider than inner, from apex
of elytron reaching the base towards anterior and broadened in central part, intervals flat (Fig. 17) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P. (Praocis) bicentenario sp. nov.
6. Elytron with dorsal surface bearing two kinds of golden setae: some short, broad, scaly, dense, and others long, finer, twice or three
times longer than scaly setae, sparse or forming tuft; setae disperse or arranged into three longitudinal grooves . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
- Elytron with dorsal surface glabrous or bearing only short, broad, golden, scaly setae disperse or arranged into three or four
longitudinal grooves on dorsal surface or one groove over lateral margin (Fig. 4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
7. Elytron rugose with three longitudinal grooves well demarcated, grooves wider than intervals, with two kinds of setae abundant
on dorsal surface or arranged into three grooves visible over entire surface (Fig. 18) . . . . . . . . . . . . P. (Praocis) hirtella Kulzer
- Elytron punctured with three longitudinal grooves weakly demarcated, intervals wider than grooves, with two kinds of setae
disperse on dorsal surface or arranged into three grooves visible on posterior half (Fig. 19) P. (Praocis) subsulcata Gay & Solier
8. Elytron with three or four longitudinal grooves on dorsal surface or one groove over lateral margin; grooves bearing abundant or
sparse short, broad, golden, scaly setae (Figs 20–22) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
- Elytron lacking grooves on dorsal surface or over lateral margin; dorsal surface glabrous or with disperse short, broad, golden,
scaly setae (Figs 23–26). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13
9. Elytron with one longitudinal groove over lateral margin bearing short, golden, scaly setae (Figs 20–21); inner surface of meso–
and metatibiae with short, stout setae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
- Elytron with three or four longitudinal grooves on dorsal surface bearing short, golden, scaly setae (Fig. 22) or lacking setae;
inner surface of meso– and metatibiae with long, finer setae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12
10. Antennae reaching 3/4 along lateral margin of pronotum; prosternal process produced backwards, surpassing the midpoint of the
space between pro– and mesocoxae (Fig. 14); pseudopleuron and epipleuron glabrous, lacking protuberances or punctures; (Fig.
20) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P. (Praocis) marginata Germain
- Antennae reaching midpoint of lateral margin of pronotum; prosternal process produced backwards, not reaching the midpoint of
the space between pro– and mesocoxae (Fig. 13); pseudopleuron with setae arising on punctures; epipleuron with setae arising on
protuberances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11
11. Lateral quarters of pronotum and dorsal surface of elytron glabrous; elytron with one carina more approximate to lateral margin
than suture, with a broad groove over lateral margin occupying outer third or quarter of elytra bearing short, golden, scaly setae
(Fig. 21). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. P. (Praocis) elliptica Philippi & Philippi
- Lateral quarters of pronotum and dorsal surface of elytron with short, golden setae; elytron lacking carinae, with a narrow groove
over lateral margin occupying only outer sixth of elytra bearing short, golden, scaly setae . . . . P. (Praocis) subaenea Erichson
12. Elytron with three longitudinal grooves weakly demarcated bearing sparse short, broad, golden, scaly setae, intervals arched
(Flores & Pizarro-Araya 2010, Fig. 1); ventral surface of meso– and metafemora lacking a row of setae on posterior edge . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P. (Praocis) sulcata Eschscholtz
- Elytron with three or four longitudinal grooves well demarcated bearing abundant short, broad, golden, scaly setae, intervals
carina–shape (Fig. 21); ventral surface of meso- and metafemora with a row of setae on posterior edge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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REVISION OF GENUS PRAOCIS. PART 1: SUBGENUS PRAOCIS
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P. (Praocis) spinolai Gay & Solier
13. Elytral punctures twice the size of pronotal punctures; elytron with a carina more approximate to lateral margin than suture (Fig.
23); ventral surface of meso– and metafemora lacking a row of setae on posterior edge; inner surface of meso– and metatibiae
with short, stout setae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P. (Praocis) medvedevi sp. nov.
- Elytral punctures same size as pronotal punctures; elytron lacking carinae or with two or three weakly defined carinae
equidistant between suture and lateral margin (Figs 24–26); ventral surface of meso– and metafemora with a row of setae on
posterior edge; inner surface of meso- and metatibiae with long, finer setae .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14
14. Antennae reaching midpoint of lateral margin of pronotum; width of anterior margin of pronotum not exceeding half the width of
posterior margin; posterior angles of pronotum acute; elytron lacking carinae. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P. (Praocis) curta Solier
- Antennae reaching 3/4 along lateral margin of pronotum; width of anterior margin of pronotum exceeding half the width of
posterior margin; posterior angles of pronotum right; elytron with two or three weakly defined carinae equidistant between
suture and lateral margin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15
15. Elytron rugose with a net of lateral ramifications from carinae (Fig. 24); metatibiae curved outward . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P. (Praocis) aenea Gay & Solier
- Elytron punctured and dorsal surface lacking a net of lateral ramifications from carinae (Figs 25–26); metatibiae straight . . 16
16. Pronotum and elytra with small punctures; elytron with two or three carinae (Fig. 25); lateral styles of tegmen with proximal
margin ventrally concave and with abundant setae on distal third of ventral surface; median lobe distally broadened . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P. (Praocis) tibialis Gay & Solier
- Pronotum and elytra with big punctures; elytron with two carinae (Fig. 26); lateral styles of tegmen with proximal margin
“inverted V”-shaped ventrally, and with sparse setae on distal 1/5 of ventral surface; median lobe narrowed in pre-distal quarter
and distally broadened . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P. (Praocis) parva Gay & Solier
Praocis (Praocis) costata Gay & Solier, 1840
(Figs. 11, 15, 27)
Praocis costata Gay & Solier in Solier, 1840: 222 (rev.); Solier, 1851: 188 (rev.); Lacordaire, 1859: 213; Gemminger & Harold,
1870: 1905 (cat.); Philippi, 1887: 731 (cat.); Gebien, 1910: 260 (cat.); Gebien, 1938: 398 (cat.); Blackwelder, 1945: 522
(cat.); Kulzer, 1958: 15 (rev.); Peña, 1966: 429 (cat.); Vidal & Guerrero, 2007: 73, 212; Flores, 2007: 416 (lectot.).
Praocis ciliata Germain, 1855: 400; Philippi, 1887: 731 (cat.); Gebien, 1910: 260 (cat.); Gebien, 1938: 398 (cat.); Blackwelder,
1945: 522 (cat.); Kulzer, 1958: 15 (syn.); Peña, 1966: 429 (cat.); Flores, 2007: 416 (type). Synonymy by Kulzer, 1958: 15.
Redescription. Length 7.0–9.0 mm. Body black, antennae and legs dark brown. Head. Clypeus and frons glabrous,
with round punctures; antennae reaching midpoint of lateral margin of pronotum; antennomere 9 wider than long,
with apical tomentose sensory patches arranged in two areas separated dorsally; antennomere 10 as wide as antenno-
mere 11;. Thorax. Pronotum widest at midpoint; disc and lateral quarters glabrous; punctures of disc same size as
punctures of elytron; width of anterior margin exceeding half the width of posterior margin; lateral quarters convex,
dorsal surface of lateral margin lacking a row or tuft of setae, lateral margin with a horizontal, outer groove bearing a
row of long, golden setae; posterior angles acute (Fig. 15); prosternum convex, with edge on anterior margin of equal
width throughout, lacking prosternal process (Fig. 11); prosternum and mesosternum with punctures. Elytron lacking
grooves, with three weakly defined carinae, equidistant between suture and lateral margin; dorsal surface glabrous,
with punctures; pseudopleuron with long setae arising on punctures; epipleuron with short setae arising on protuber-
ances, with a row of setae on the edge of anterior quarter. Legs. Ventral surface of meso– and metafemora with a row
of setae on posterior edge. Inner surface of meso– and metatibiae with long, fine setae. Metatibiae straight. Male
genitalia. Rods of sterna IX close to each other at basal third. Basal lamina of tegmen equal width throughout, with
base concave. Lateral styles of tegmen with proximal margin ventrally bisinuate, widest at base, with setae on distal
1/5 of ventral surface. Median lobe moderate (0.75 < L/T ≤ 1.00), distally broadened, with apical aperture large and
apex rounded. Female genitalia. Paraprocts long (2.0 < P/C ≤ 3.0); baculi of coxite inclined 45°; proctigeral baculus
equal to length of paraproct baculus; apicodorsal lobe of proctiger extending about ½ length of coxite.
Type material. Lectotype of Praocis costata: [costata] [Praocis/ costata/ Sol./ Chili] [Pr. costata/ Sol./ Chili]
[Type] [Praocis/ costata Sol./ Type de Solier/ Col. Marseul/ C. Girard det. 1975] [Lectotypus/ Praocis costata/ Gay
et Solier, 1840/ Des. G. Flores 2005] (MNHN). One paralectotype same data as lectotype, except the third label
(MNHN).
Note: Flores (2007: 416) designated lectotype and paralectotype.
Syntype of Praocis ciliata: One specimen: [costata] [Praocis/ costata/ Sol./ Chili] [Praocis/ ciliata/ P. G
(handwritten by Germain)] [Type] (MNHN).

FLORES & PIZARRO-ARAYA
10 · Zootaxa 3336 © 2012 Magnolia Press
Note: This specimen agrees with the description by Germain (1855), and we have no doubt that the label´s
handwriting belongs to Germain. Therefore we conclude that this specimen is a syntype of Praocis ciliata. Kulzer
(1958) stated that the type of P. c ili ata is in the MNNC, but currently is not there (Camousseight 1980 and pers.
obs.).
Other material examined. CHILE. Bio Bío Region: Arauco Province: Tirua, 4.i.1977, L.E. Peña, 2 (FMNH),
Isla Mocha, xi.1932, D.S. Bullock, 4 (FMNH), Lebu, 12.ii.1963, L.E. Peña, 1 (FMNH), Arauco, 37º 14` S, 73º 19`
W, 1 (UCCC), Lebu, 37º 36` S, 73º 39` W, 1 (UCCC). Concepción Province: Coronel, 37º 01`S, 73º 08`W, 1
(UCCC), Escuadron, 36º 57`W, 73º 10`W, 1 (UCCC), Lenga, 36º 45`W, 73º 13`W, 1 (UCCC), Tomé, 36º 37`S, 72º
57`W, 1 (UCCC). Ñuble Province: Tregualemu, 36º 56`S, 71º 52`W, 1 (UCCC). Los Lagos Region: Osorno Prov-
ince: Pucatrihue, 26.i.1966, L.E. Peña, 1 (UCCC), 1-15.xi.1966, O. Barros, 1 (FMNH), 4–21.ii.1967, L.E. Peña, 2
(FMNH), i.1971, 4 (IADIZA), 2 (LEULS), ii.1980, L.E. Peña, 2 (FMNH), Carelmapu (SW Llanquihue), 2.ii.1957,
L.E. Peña, 2 (FMNH).
Geographic distribution. Chile (Bio Bío Region: Arauco Province to Los Lagos Region: Osorno Province),
in the Maule and Valdivian Forest biogeographic provinces.
Praocis (Praocis) sanquinolenta Gay & Solier, 1840
(Figs. 5, 16, 27)
Praocis sanquinolenta Gay & Solier in Solier, 1840: 223 (rev.); Solier, 1851: 192 (rev.); Lacordaire, 1859: 213; Gemminger &
Harold, 1870: 1906 (cat.); Philippi, 1887: 733 (cat.); Gebien, 1910: 261 (cat.); Gebien, 1938: 398 (cat.); Blackwelder,
1945: 523 (cat.); Kulzer, 1958: 16 (rev.); Peña, 1966: 429 (cat.); Vidal & Guerrero, 2007: 73; Flores, 2007: 411 (lectot.);
Pizarro-Araya et al., 2008: 273 (list).
Praocis audouini Solier, 1840: 222 (rev.); Gemminger & Harold, 1870: 1905 (cat.); Philippi, 1887: 731 (cat.); Gebien, 1910:
260 (cat.); Gebien, 1938: 398 (cat.); Blackwelder, 1945: 522 (cat.); Kulzer, 1958: 15 (rev.); Peña, 1966: 429 (cat.); Vidal &
Guerrero, 2007: 73; Flores, 2007: 411 (syn. & lectot.). Synonymy by Flores, 2007: 411.
Redescription. Length 5.0–9.0 mm. Body black to dark brown, antennae and legs dark brown. Head. Clypeus and
frons with round punctures each with a central seta; antennae reaching midpoint of lateral margin of pronotum;
antennomere 9 longer than wide, with apical tomentose sensory patches arranged in two areas close dorsally; antenno-
mere 10 wider than antennomere 11. Thorax. Pronotum widest behind midpoint; disc and lateral quarters with fine
golden setae; punctures of disc same size as punctures of elytron; width of anterior margin exceeding half the width
of posterior margin; lateral quarters flat, dorsal surface of lateral margin bearing a row of long golden setae; posterior
angles right, apex rounded (Fig. 16); prosternum horizontal, with edge on anterior margin broadened below gula;
prosternal process subrectangular forming a right angle, not produced backwards (as in Fig. 12); prosternum and mes-
osternum with protuberances. Elytron lacking carinae, with four grooves bearing fine, golden setae, intervals flat,
grooves wider than intervals; dorsal surface with short golden setae; the inner groove runs from apex of elytron reach-
ing only the posterior third, not surpassing the midpoint of elytron towards anterior, parallel with the inner groove of
the other elytron, the second groove runs from apex of elytron surpassing the midpoint of elytron, reaching the ante-
rior third, the third and fourth (outer) grooves are very close together and run over lateral margin from apex of elytron
reaching the base towards anterior (Fig. 16); pseudopleuron with long setae arising on protuberances; epipleuron with
short setae arising on protuberances, bearing a row of setae on the edge of anterior quarter. Legs. Ventral surface of
meso– and metafemora with a row of setae on posterior edge. Inner surface of meso– and metatibiae with long, fine
setae. Metatibiae curved outward. Male genitalia. Rods of sterna IX close to each other at basal third. Basal lamina of
tegmen equal width throughout, with base concave. Lateral styles of tegmen with proximal margin ventrally con-
cave, widest at base, with setae on distal 1/5 of ventral surface. Median lobe long (L/T > 1), distally broadened, with
apical aperture large and apex acute. Female genitalia. Paraprocts long (2.0 < P/C ≤ 3.0); baculi of coxite horizontal;
proctigeral baculus equal to length of paraproct baculus; apicodorsal lobe of proctiger extending about ¼ length of
coxite.
Type material. Lectotype of Praocis sanquinolenta: [sanqui-/nolenta] [Praocis/ sanquinolentus/ Sol./
Coquimbo] [P. sanquinolentus/ Gay et Sol./ Coquimbo] [Type] [Praocis/ sanquinolenta Sol./ Type de Solier/ Col.
Marseul/ C. Girard det. 1975] [Lectotypus/ Praocis sanquinolenta/ Gay et Solier, 1840/ Des. G. Flores 2005]
(MNHN). One paralectotype same data as lectotype, plus a label: [sanquinolenta Sol. 223, 4 Chili] below the label
[Type] (MNHN).

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REVISION OF GENUS PRAOCIS. PART 1: SUBGENUS PRAOCIS
FIGURES 15−20. Habitus in dorsal view. 15. Praocis (Praocis) costata; 16. P. (P.) sanquinolenta; 17. P. (P.) bicentenario sp.
nov., holotype; 18. P. (P. ) hirtella; 19. P. (P.) subsulcata; 20. P. (P.) marginata.

FLORES & PIZARRO-ARAYA
12 · Zootaxa 3336 © 2012 Magnolia Press
FIGURES 21−26. Habitus in dorsal view. 21. Praocis (Praocis) elliptica; 22. P. (P.) spinolai; 23. P. (P.) medvedevi sp. nov.,
holotype; 24. P. (P.) aenea; 25. P. (P. ) tibialis; 26. P. (P. ) parva.

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REVISION OF GENUS PRAOCIS. PART 1: SUBGENUS PRAOCIS
FIGURE 27. Geographical distribution of four species of Praocis (Praocis): P. (P.) costata, P. (P. ) quadrisulcata, P. (P.) sanqui-
nolenta, and P. (P.) subsulcata.

FLORES & PIZARRO-ARAYA
14 · Zootaxa 3336 © 2012 Magnolia Press
Note: Flores (2007: 411) designated lectotype.
Lectotype of Praocis audouini: [Museum Paris/ Chili/ Gaudichaud 1833] [Praocis audouini / Sol.] [Type]
[Lectotypus/ Praocis audouini / Solier, 1840/ Des. G. Flores 2005] (MNHN). Three paralectotypes same data as lec-
totype (MNHN).
Note: Flores (2007: 411) designated lectotype and paralectotypes.
Other material examined. CHILE. Atacama Region: Huasco Province: Carrizal Bajo, 09.x.1989, 1 (LEULS).
Coquimbo Region: Elqui Province: Quebrada de Honda, 40 km N La Serena, 2.xi.1951, R. Wagenkneght, 1
(FMNH), x.1952, R. Wagenkneght, 1 (FMNH), Cuesta Buenos Aires, x.1992, S. Roig, 1 (IADIZA), Caleta de Hor-
nos, 5.iii.2005, J. Pizarro-Araya 4 (LEULS), Punta de Teatinos, 3.xi.2002, J. Pizarro-Araya 1 (LEULS), Peñuelas,
22.iii.1943, R. Wagenkneght, 1 (FMNH), Coquimbo, 13.xi.1964, L.E. Peña, 1 (FMNH), La Herradura, 13.xi.1964,
L.E. Peña, 3 (FMNH), La Pampilla, 15.viii.1969, L. Álvarez, 1 (FMNH), Guayacán, 2.ii.1967, L.E. Peña, 5
(FMNH), 8.ix.1968, Cekalovic, 2 (FMNH), Lagunillas, 4.ix.1947, L.E. Peña, 1 (FMNH), ix.1990, H. Vásquez, 15
(LEULS), 2.iv.1990, H. Vásquez, 1 (LEULS), 9.iii.1956, L.E. Peña, 1 (FMNH), Herradura a Guanaqueros,
3.ix.1947, L.E. Peña, 1 (FMNH), Guanaqueros, 6.xi.1980, L.E. Peña, 1 (FMNH), 9.i.1984, A. Roig, 6 (IADIZA),
10.i.1984, S. Roig, 2 (IADIZA), 25.x.1992, S. Roig, 1 (IADIZA), 23.i.1998, G. Castillo, 2 (IADIZA), 18 (LEULS),
Terrazas de Guanaqueros, 14.viii.1999., J. Pizarro-Araya, 1 (LEULS), Tongoy, 25.xi.1954, 1 (FMNH), 16.ix.1964,
H. Moyano, 1 (FMNH), 20.iv.1955, L.E. Peña, 1 (LEULS), E Lengua de Vaca, 25.vi.1955, L.E. Peña, 2 (FMNH).
Limarí Province: P.N. Fray Jorge, 4.v.1991, H. Vásquez, 2 (LEULS), Talinay, vi.1968, L.E. Peña, 2 (FMNH),
29.x.1965, L.E. Peña, 5 (FMNH).
Geographic distribution. Chile (Atacama Region: Huasco Province to Coquimbo Region: Limarí Province),
in the Coquimbo biogeographic province.
Praocis (Praocis) quadrisulcata Germain, 1855
(Figs. 12, 27)
Praocis quadrisulcata Germain, 1855: 399; Philippi, 1887: 732 (cat.); Gebien, 1910: 261 (cat.); Gebien, 1938: 398 (cat.);
Blackwelder, 1945: 523 (cat.); Kulzer, 1958: 16 (rev.); Peña, 1966: 429 (cat.); Vidal & Guerrero, 2007: 73, 214; Flores,
2007: 417 (lectot.).
Redescription. Length 7.0–10.0 mm. Body, antennae and legs dark brown. Head. Clypeus and frons with round
punctures each with a central seta; antennae reaching midpoint of lateral margin of pronotum; antennomere 9 wider
than long, with apical tomentose sensory patches arranged in two areas close dorsally; antennomere 10 wider than
antennomere 11. Thorax. Pronotum widest behind midpoint; disc glabrous, lateral quarters with fine, golden setae;
punctures of disc same size as punctures of elytron; width of anterior margin not exceeding half the width of posterior
margin; lateral quarters convex, dorsal surface of lateral margin bearing a tuft of long golden setae; posterior angles
right, apex rounded; prosternum horizontal, with edge on anterior margin broadened below gula; prosternal process
subrectangular forming a right angle, not produced backwards (Fig. 12); prosternum and mesosternum with protuber-
ances. Elytron lacking carinae, with four grooves bearing short, broad, golden, scaly setae, intervals flat, grooves
wider than intervals; dorsal surface with short golden setae; the inner groove runs from apex of elytron reaching only
the posterior third, not surpassing the midpoint of elytron towards anterior, parallel with the inner groove of the other
elytron, the second groove runs from apex of elytron surpassing the midpoint of elytron, reaching the anterior third, the
third and fourth (outer) grooves are very close together and run over lateral margin from apex of elytron reaching the
base towards anterior; pseudopleuron with long setae arising on protuberances; epipleuron with short setae arising on
protuberances, bearing a row of setae on the edge of anterior quarter. Legs. Ventral surface of meso– and metafemora
with a row of setae on posterior edge. Inner surface of meso– and metatibiae with long, fine setae. Metatibiae
straight. Male genitalia. Rods of sterna IX close to each other at basal third. Basal lamina of tegmen equal width
throughout, with base concave. Lateral styles of tegmen with proximal margin ventrally bisinuate, widest at base,
with setae on distal 1/5 of ventral surface. Median lobe moderate (0.75 < L/T ≤ 1.00), distally broadened, with apical
aperture large and apex acute. Female genitalia. Paraprocts long (2.0 < P/C ≤ 3.0); baculi of coxite horizontal; proctig-
eral baculus extending proximad much beyond paraproct baculus; apicodorsal lobe of proctiger extending about ½
length of coxite.

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REVISION OF GENUS PRAOCIS. PART 1: SUBGENUS PRAOCIS
Type material. Lectotype: [Chile] [quadrisulcata/ P. G. ined. (handwritten by Germain)] [Colección/ P. Ger-
main] [Sintipo] [Chile M.N.H.N./ Tipo Nº 596] [Lectotypus/ Praocis quadrisulcata/ Germain, 1855/ Des. G. Flores
2006] (MNNC).
Note: Flores (2007: 417) designated lectotype.
Other material examined. CHILE. Valparaíso Region: San Antonio Province: Algarrobo, 27.xi.1950, L.E.
Peña, 4 (FMNH), 27.vi.1953, L.E. Peña, 1 (FMNH), 26.xi.1950, L.E. Peña, 9 (IADIZA), El Tabo, 1.i.1968,
O´Brien, 1 (FMNH), 15.iii.1968, L.E. Peña, 1 (FMNH). Libertador General Bernardo O'Higgins Region: Colcha-
gua Province: Las Palmas de Cocalán, 28.xi.1967, L.E. Peña, 1 (FMNH).
Geographic distribution. Chile (Valparaíso Region: San Antonio Province to Libertador General Bernardo
O'Higgins Region: Colchagua Province), in the Santiago biogeographic province.
Praocis (Praocis) rufipes Eschscholtz, 1829
(Figs. 6−7, 28)
Praocis rufipes Eschscholtz, 1829: 6; Guérin-Méneville, 1831: pl. 4 Fig. 1; Guérin-Méneville, 1834: pl. 105; Dejean, 1834: 180
(cat.); Dejean, 1836: 200 (cat.); Guérin-Méneville, 1838: 92; Laporte, 1840: 187; Solier, 1840: 221 (rev.); Curtis, 1845:
457; Solier, 1851: 186 (rev.); Lacordaire, 1859: 213; Gemminger & Harold, 1870: 1906 (cat.); Philippi, 1887: 732 (cat.);
Gebien, 1910: 261 (cat.); Gebien, 1938: 398 (cat.); Blackwelder, 1945: 523 (cat.); Kulzer, 1958: 14 (rev.); Peña, 1966: 428
(cat.); Vidal & Guerrero, 2007: 73, 215; Flores, 2007: 416 (lectot.).
Sternodes mannerheimii Fischer, 1844: 125 (male); Motschulsky, 1845: 63 (syn.); Lacordaire, 1859: 214; Gemminger & Har-
old, 1870: 1906 (cat.); Philippi, 1887: 732 (cat.); Gebien, 1910: 261 (cat.); Gebien, 1938: 398 (cat.); Blackwelder, 1945:
523 (cat.); Kulzer, 1958: 14 (rev.); Peña, 1966: 429 (cat.). Synonymy by Motschulsky, 1845: 63.
Praocis interrupta Solier, 1851: 187; Lacordaire, 1859: 213; Gemminger & Harold, 1870: 1905 (cat.); Philippi, 1887: 732
(cat.); Gebien, 1910: 260 (cat.); Gebien, 1938: 398 (cat.); Blackwelder, 1945: 523 (cat.); Kulzer, 1958: 14 (syn.); Peña,
1966: 429 (cat.). Synonymy by Kulzer, 1958: 14.
Redescription. Length 5.0–9.0 mm. Body black to dark brown, antennae and legs dark brown. Head. Clypeus and
frons with round punctures each with a central seta; antennae reaching midpoint of lateral margin of pronotum;
antennomere 9 wider than long, with apical tomentose sensory patches arranged in two areas close dorsally; antennom-
ere 10 wider than antennomere 11. Thorax. Pronotum widest behind midpoint; disc and lateral quarters with fine
golden setae; punctures of disc same size as punctures of elytron; width of anterior margin exceeding half the width
of posterior margin; lateral quarters convex, dorsal surface of lateral margin bearing a tuft of long golden setae; poste-
rior angles right, apex rounded; prosternum horizontal, with edge on anterior margin broadened below gula; prosternal
process subrectangular forming a right angle, not produced backwards (as in Fig. 12); prosternum and mesosternum
with protuberances. Elytron lacking carinae, with three grooves bearing short, broad, golden, scaly setae, intervals
arched, wider than grooves; dorsal surface with short golden setae; the inner groove runs from apex of elytron sur-
passing the midpoint of elytron towards anterior, converging at the apex with the inner groove of the other elytron,
the medial groove runs from apex of elytron reaching the base towards anterior, sometimes interrupted, the outer
groove runs over lateral margin from apex of elytron reaching the base towards anterior; pseudopleuron with long
setae arising on protuberances; epipleuron with short setae arising on protuberances, bearing a row of setae on the edge
of anterior quarter. Legs. Ventral surface of meso– and metafemora with a row of setae on posterior edge. Inner sur-
face of meso– and metatibiae with long, fine setae. Metatibiae curved outward. Male genitalia. Rods of sterna IX
close to each other at basal third. Basal lamina of tegmen equal width throughout, with base concave. Lateral styles
of tegmen with proximal margin ventrally concave, widest at base, with setae on distal 1/5 of ventral surface (Fig.
7). Median lobe moderate (0.75 < L/T ≤ 1.00), equal width throughout, with apical aperture small and apex acute (Fig.
6). Female genitalia. Paraprocts long (2.0 < P/C ≤ 3.0); baculi of coxite horizontal; proctigeral baculus equal to length
of paraproct baculus; apicodorsal lobe of proctiger extending about ¼ length of coxite.
Type material. Lectotype of Praocis rufipes: [Type] [14895] [Hist.-Coll. (Coleoptera)/ Nr. 14895/ Praocis
rufipes Eschsch./ Chili, Eschsch. & V./ Chamisso/ Zool. Mus. Berlin] [Lectotypus/ Praocis rufipes Eschsch./ Des.
G. Flores 2001] (MNHUB). Four paralectotypes same data as lectotype, except two first labels (MNHUB).
Note: Flores (2007: 416) designated lectotype and paralectotypes.
Other material examined. CHILE. Valparaíso Region: Valparaíso Province: Concón, 28.ix.1968, M. Pino, 1
(UCCC), Valparaíso, 14-VIII-1933, C. Reed, 1 (MACN), Puchuncaví, Cau Cau, 18 m, 32º 42´ 36.10´´ S, 71º 29´

FLORES & PIZARRO-ARAYA
16 · Zootaxa 3336 © 2012 Magnolia Press
43.13´´ W, 6–13.i.2012, S. & M. Roig & M. Criach 1 (IADIZA), Las Ventanas, xi.1967, L.E. Peña, 2 (FMNH), 1
(IADIZA), Quintero, 16.xi.1957, L.E. Peña, 1 (FMNH), 12.xii.1980, L.E. Peña, 2 (FMNH), Quinteros a Maiten-
cillo, 29.iii.1945, L.E. Peña, 1 (FMNH), Algarrobo, 26.iii.1945, L.E. Peña, 1 (FMNH), 24.xi.1950, L.E. Peña, 1
(FMNH), viii–ix.1958, L.E. Peña, 2 (FMNH), Quintay, 11.viii.1968, L.E. Peña, 1 (FMNH), Tunquén,
6–15.vi.1960, L.E. Peña, 1 (FMNH), Horcones, 19.ii.1963, L.E. Peña, 2 (FMNH), El Peral, 21.x.1946, L.E. Peña, 2
(FMNH), El Convento, 1.xi.1946, L.E. Peña, 2 (FMNH). San Antonio Province: Santo Domingo, xi. 1965, 1
(LEULS), 7 (IADIZA). Libertador General Bernardo O'Higgins Region: Cardenal Caro Province: Pichilemú,
13.x.1967, L.E. Peña, 2 (FMNH). Maule Region: Cauquenes Province: Tregualemú, ii.1968, H. Moyano, 1
(UCCC), Chovelén, 5.xi.1953, L.E. Peña, 1 (FMNH). Talca Province: Constitución, 26.xi.1953, L.E. Peña, 7
(IADIZA), 1 (LEULS), i.1982, 2 (FMNH). Cardenal Caro Province, Bucalemú, 24-I-2001, T. Moore, 7 (JEBC).
Bio Bío Region: Concepción Province: Coronel, 27.xi.1960, J. Artigas, 1 (UCCC), Escuadrón, 7.ix.1965, Méndez,
1 (UCCC), San Pedro de la Paz, boca sur (dunas), 14.x.2000, A. Palma, 1 (IADIZA), 2 (LEULS), 2.ix.2002, J.
Pizarro-Araya, 1 (LEULS), Arauco, XII-1960, A. Baier, 2 (MACN), 16.xii.1985, S. Roig, 4 (IADIZA), SW Quiri-
hue, 4.xii.2003, M. Snizek, 1 (IADIZA); without more precise data: 2 (RBINS).
Geographic distribution. Chile (Valparaíso Region, Valparaíso Province to Bio Bío Region: Concepción
Province), in the Santiago and Maule biogeographic provinces.
Praocis (Praocis) bicentenario sp. nov.
(Figs. 2, 17, 29)
Diagnosis. Praocis (Praocis) bicentenario sp. nov. may be identified by the pronotum with posterior angles acute
and apex pointed; elytron with two longitudinal grooves and intervals flat (Fig. 17). It differs from P. (Praocis)
rufipes which has pronotum with posterior angles right and apex rounded; elytron with three longitudinal grooves
and intervals arched.
Description. Length 6.0–9.0 mm. Body black to dark brown, antennae and legs dark brown. Head. Clypeus
and frons with round punctures, each with a central seta; antennae reaching midpoint of lateral margin of pronotum;
antennomere 9 wider than long, with apical tomentose sensory patches arranged in two areas closed dorsally; antenno-
mere 10 wider than antennomere 11 (Fig. 2). Thorax. Pronotum widest behind midpoint; disc and lateral quarters with
fine, golden setae; punctures of disc same size as punctures of elytron; width of anterior margin exceeding half the
width of posterior margin; lateral quarters convex, dorsal surface of lateral margin bearing a tuft of long, golden setae;
posterior angles acute, apex pointed (Fig. 17); prosternum horizontal, with edge on anterior margin broadened below
gula; prosternal process subrectangular forming a right angle, not produced backwards (as in Fig. 12); prosternum and
mesosternum with protuberances. Elytron lacking carinae, with two grooves bearing short, broad, golden, scaly
setae, intervals flat, wider than grooves; dorsal surface with short, golden setae; the narrow inner groove runs from
apex of elytron reaching only the posterior third, not surpassing the midpoint of elytron towards anterior, converging at
the apex with the inner groove of the other elytron, outer groove wider than inner, runs over lateral margin from apex
of elytron reaching the base towards anterior and broadened in central part (Fig. 17), in females sometimes this broad-
ening is longitudinally interrupted; pseudopleuron with long setae arising on protuberances; epipleuron with short
setae arising on protuberances, bearing a row of setae on the edge of anterior quarter. Legs. Ventral surface of meso–
and metafemora with a row of setae on posterior edge. Inner surface of meso– and metatibiae with long, fine setae.
Metatibiae curved outward. Male genitalia. Rods of sterna IX close to each other at basal third. Basal lamina of
tegmen equal width throughout, with base concave. Lateral styles of tegmen with proximal margin ventrally con-
cave, widest at base, with setae on distal 1/5 of ventral surface. Median lobe moderate (0.75 < L/T ≤ 1.00), equal
width throughout, with apical aperture small and apex acute. Female genitalia. Paraprocts long (2.0 < P/C ≤ 3.0); bac-
uli of coxite horizontal; proctigeral baculus extending proximad much beyond paraproct baculus; apicodorsal lobe of
proctiger extending about ½ length of coxite.
Etymology. Named “bicentenario” celebrating the bicentennial independence of Chile and Argentina.
Type material. Holotype, male: [CHILE: Region Coquimbo/ Prov. Choapa Quereo/ 31º 55´ 35.2´´ S, 71º 30´
44.2´´ W/ 17 m 25-x-2009/ coll: J. Pizarro] [Praocis (Praocis)/ bicentenario sp. n./ HOLOTYPUS male/ Det. G.
Flores and/ J. Pizarro-Araya 2011] (MNNC); allotype, female (MNNC) and 52 paratypes with the same data as
holotype: 9 (MNNC), 8 (LEULS), 9 (IADIZA), 8 (UCCC), 4 (MNHN), 3 (NHMB), 3 (MNHUB), 2 (HNHM), 2
(BMNH), 2 (MACN), 2 (MLPA).

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REVISION OF GENUS PRAOCIS. PART 1: SUBGENUS PRAOCIS
Paratypes: CHILE. Coquimbo Region: Elqui Province: Choros Bajos, xi.1989, J.E. Barriga, 7 (JEBC), Caleta
de Hornos, 5.iii.2005, J. Pizarro-Araya 1 (LEULS). Choapa Province: Huentelauquén, 20.x.1988, 1 (PVGH),
6.x.1947, L.E. Peña, 1 (MNNC), 3 (FMNH), 6.xi.1957, L.E. Peña, 1 (FMNH), 4.x.1967, L.E. Peña, 1 (FMNH),
Punta Chungo, Los Vilos, 25.vii.2007, A. González, 1 (LEULS), Puerto Manso, 24–31.vii.1960, L.E. Peña, 2
(IADIZA), Los Vilos, 7–9.x.1947, L.E. Peña, 3 (FMNH), 1 (NHMB), 12.x.1994, J.E. Barriga, 1 (JEBC), S Puerto
Manso, 18–19.ix.1947, L.E. Peña, 1 (FMNH), N Los Vilos, 19.xi.1969, L.E. Peña, 3 (FMNH), Ñague, Los Vilos,
Coquimbo, 5.xi.1981, L.E. Peña, 1 (IADIZA), 1 (FMNH), Los Vilos, 28.x.1970, M. Pino, 2 (UCCC), Quereo,
ix.1983, G. Carrasco, 1 (FMNH), 1.xi.2008, F. Alfaro, 1 (LEULS), Huaquén, 24.xi.1961, L.E. Peña, 1 (FMNH),
26.x.1965, L.E. Peña, 1 (FMNH), Los Molles, 22.x.1961, L.E. Peña, 1 (FMNH).
Remarks. Most of the paratypes collected by L.E. Peña previously deposited in FMNH and NHMB were
determined by Kulzer as Praocis audouni Solier 1840 and he used these specimens for his redescription of P. aud-
ouini (Kulzer, 1958). Probably Kulzer did not see the type of this species. Recently one of us (GEF) examined the
types of P. audouini in the miscellaneous boxes of the old collection in MNHN and concluded it was a junior syn-
onym of P. sanquinolenta Gay & Solier (Flores, 2007: 411). Because this misidentification of Kulzer we inter-
preted these specimens and the ones recently collected by JPA as a new species of Praocis, P. bicentenario.
Habitat. Praocis (P.) bicentenario sp. nov. inhabits the Gajardo’s (1994) mesic vegetational formation named
arborescent steppe shrub associated with Piptochaetium montevidense (Poaceae), Hypochaeris radicata (Aster-
aceae), Nolana sp. (Nolanaceae), Stachys grandidentata (Lamiaceae) and Plantago sp. (Plantaginaceae).
Praocis (Praocis) hirtella Kulzer, 1958
(Figs. 10, 18, 30)
Praocis hirtella Kulzer, 1958: 18 (rev.); Peña, 1966: 429 (cat.); Vidal & Guerrero, 2007: 73, 213.
Redescription. Length 8.0–14.0 mm. Body, antennae and legs black to dark brown or pronotum and elytra black
and head, antennae, legs, venter, and pseudopleuron dark brown. Head. Clypeus and frons with round punctures
each with a central seta; antennae reaching midpoint of lateral margin of pronotum; antennomere 9 longer than wide,
with apical tomentose sensory patches arranged in two areas separated dorsally; antennomere 10 as wide as antennom-
ere 11. Thorax. Pronotum widest behind midpoint; disc glabrous or with setae, lateral quarters with fine golden setae;
punctures of disc same size as punctures of elytron; width of anterior margin not exceeding half the width of posterior
margin; lateral quarters convex, dorsal surface of lateral margin bearing a row of short, golden setae; posterior angles
acute, apex pointed (Fig. 18); prosternum horizontal, with edge on anterior margin broadened below gula; prosternal
process produced backwards, not reaching the midpoint of the space between pro– and mesocoxae (as in Fig. 13);
prosternum and mesosternum with punctures. Elytron rugose with two carinae and three grooves equidistant
between suture and lateral margin or lacking carinae; intervals flat, grooves wider than intervals (Fig. 18); dorsal
surface and grooves bearing two kinds of golden setae: some short, broad, scaly, dense, and others long, finer, sparse or
forming tuft; all grooves run from apex of elytron surpassing the midpoint of elytron towards anterior, the inner groove
runs parallel with the inner groove of the other elytron reaching the anterior third, the medial and outer grooves reach
the base (Fig. 18); pseudopleuron with long setae arising on punctures; epipleuron with short setae arising on protu-
berances, bearing a row of setae on the edge of anterior quarter. Legs. Ventral surface of meso– and metafemora with
a row of setae on posterior edge. Inner surface of meso– and metatibiae with long, fine setae. Metatibiae straight.
Female genitalia (Fig. 10). Paraprocts moderate (1.2 ≤ P/C ≤ 2.0); baculi of coxite inclined 45°; proctigeral baculus
extending proximad much beyond paraproct baculus; apicodorsal lobe of proctiger extending about ½ length of cox-
ite. Male: unknown.
Type material. Holotype: [Pta. Lengua/ de Vaca (E)/ Coquimbo/ 25 Junio 1955/ coll: L.E. Peña] [Holotypus/
Praocis/ hirtella nov./ det. H. Kulzer 1957] [sex: female/ Det. G. Flores &/ J. Pizarro-A. 2009] (NHMB); allotype:
[Fray Jorge/ Coquimbo/ 13–15-Sept-1947/ coll: L.E. Peña] [Allotypus/ Praocis/ hirtella nov./ det. H. Kulzer 1957]
[sex: female/ Det. G. Flores &/ J. Pizarro-A. 2009] (FMNH); five paratypes: [Talinay/ Coquimbo/ 20-22-Sept-
1947/ coll: L.E. Peña] [Paratypus/ Praocis/ hirtella nov./ H. Kulzer 1957] [sex: female/ Det. G. Flores &/ J. Pizarro-
A. 2009] (4 NHMB; 1 FMNH); one paratype: [Chile/ Ovalle/ XI-1941] [Paratypus/ Praocis/ hirtella nov./ H. Kul-
zer 1957] [sex: female/ Det. G. Flores &/ J. Pizarro-A. 2009] (NHMB); one paratype female same data as allotype
(NHMB).

FLORES & PIZARRO-ARAYA
18 · Zootaxa 3336 © 2012 Magnolia Press
Other material examined. CHILE. Coquimbo Region: Elqui Province: El Tofo, x.1982, 1 (FMNH), La Her-
radura a Lagunillas, 1–3.ix.1947, L.E. Peña, 1 (FMNH). Limarí Province: El Peñón, 1.xi.1957, L.E. Peña, 1
(FMNH), Andacollo, 17.vii.2007, P. Agusto 1 (LEULS), Lengua de Vaca, 29.x.1965, L.E. Peña, 2 (FMNH), Fray
Jorge, 13–18.ix.1947, L.E. Peña, 1 (FMNH), 16.ix.1964, T.C.K., 1 (UCCC), 6–9.ix.1980, L.E. Peña, 1 (FMNH),
400 m, 8.xi.1991, H. Vásquez, 2 (LEULS), 1 (IADIZA), 7–8.xi.2001, J. Pizarro-Araya, 3 (IADIZA), Talinay,
13.x.1976, C. Vivar, 1 (MNNC), xi.1978, J. Escobar, 4 (FMNH), Mineral de Talca, 28.ix.2003, J. Pizarro-Araya 2
(LEULS), 2 (IADIZA), Los Loros, desembocadura Río Limarí, 18.ix.1969, L.E. Peña, 4 (FMNH), Caleta El
Limarí, 22.ix.2004, L.S. Espinoza, 2 (LEULS), Alcones, 12.xi.1974, M. Pino, 1 (UCCC); without more precise
data, 2 (MNNC).
Geographic distribution. Chile (Coquimbo Region, El Tofo to Alcones), in the Coquimbo biogeographic
province.
Praocis (Praocis) subsulcata Gay & Solier, 1840
(Figs. 19, 27)
Praocis subsulcata Gay & Solier in Solier, 1840: 224 (rev.); Solier, 1851: 189 (rev.); Lacordaire, 1859: 213; Gemminger &
Harold, 1870: 1906 (cat.); Philippi, 1887: 733 (cat.); Gebien, 1910: 262 (cat.); Gebien, 1938: 398 (cat.); Blackwelder,
1945: 523 (cat.); Kulzer, 1958: 20 (rev.); Peña, 1966: 430 (cat.); Vidal & Guerrero, 2007: 73, 216; Flores, 2007: 417 (lec-
tot.).
Redescription. Length 9.0–13.0 mm. Body black, antennae dark brown, legs black to dark brown. Head. Clypeus
and frons with round punctures each with a central seta; antennae reaching midpoint of lateral margin of pronotum;
antennomere 9 longer than wide, with apical tomentose sensory patches arranged in two areas separated dorsally;
antennomere 10 as wide as antennomere 11. Thorax. Pronotum widest behind midpoint; disc glabrous, lateral quarters
with fine golden setae; punctures of disc same size as punctures of elytron; width of anterior margin not exceeding
half the width of posterior margin; lateral quarters convex, dorsal surface of lateral margin bearing a row of short
golden setae; posterior angles acute, apex pointed (Fig. 19); prosternum horizontal, with edge on anterior margin
broadened below gula; prosternal process produced backwards, not reaching the midpoint of the space between pro–
and mesocoxae (as in Fig. 13); prosternum and mesosternum with punctures. Elytron lacking carinae, with three
grooves weakly demarcated (Fig. 19), bearing two kinds of golden setae: some short, broad, scaly and others long,
finer, sparse; intervals flat, wider than grooves; all grooves run from apex of elytron towards anterior, the inner groove
runs parallel with the inner groove of the other elytron reaching the posterior third, not surpassing the midpoint of
elytron, the medial and outer grooves reach the base (Fig. 19); dorsal surface with long golden setae; pseudopleuron
with long setae arising on punctures; epipleuron with short setae arising on protuberances, bearing a row of setae on
the edge of anterior quarter. Legs. Ventral surface of meso– and metafemora with a row of setae on posterior edge.
Inner surface of meso– and metatibiae with long, fine setae. Metatibiae straight. Female genitalia. Paraprocts mod-
erate (1.2 ≤ P/C ≤ 2.0); baculi of coxite inclined 45°; proctigeral baculus extending proximad much beyond paraproct
baculus; apicodorsal lobe of proctiger extending about ½ length of coxite. Male: unknown.
Type material. Lectotype: [subsul / cata] [Praocis/ subsulcata/ Coquimbo/ Sol.] [P. subsulcata/ Gay-Sol./
Coquimbo] [Type] [Praocis/ subsulcata Sol./ Type de Solier/ Col. Marseul/ C. Girard det. 1975] [Lectotypus/
Praocis subsulcata/ Gay et Solier, 1840/ Des. G. Flores 2005] (MNHN). Two paralectotypes same data as lectotype,
one plus a label: [subsulcata Sol. 224, 6 Coquimbo] below the label [Type] and the other plus a label: [Coquimbo/
Gay] between first and second label (MNHN).
Note: Flores (2007: 417) designated lectotype and paralectotypes.
Other material examined. CHILE. Coquimbo Region: Elqui Province: Llano de la Higuera, 14.x.1957, L.E.
Peña, 2 (FMNH), Quebrada Honda, 30.x.1965, L.E. Peña, 2 (FMNH), El Temblador, 1.v.2004, L.S. Espinoza, 1
(LEULS), Caleta de Hornos, 8.x.1996, J. Pizarro-Araya, 1 (LEULS), Cuesta Buenos Aires, 29.x.1967, L.E. Peña, 1
(FMNH), 30.x.1965, L.E. Peña, 1 (FMNH), Quebrada Porotitos, 16.ix.2005, J. Pizarro-Araya, 1 (LEULS), Juan
Soldado, 5.vi.2004, L.S. Espinoza, 2 (LEULS), Caleta de Hornos, 35 km N de La Serena, 3.x.1996, J. Pizarro-
Araya, 1 (LEULS), El Durazno, Vicuña, 24.x.1971, L. Alvarez, 1 (FMNH), El Molle, La Serena, x.1958, L.E.
Peña, 1 (FMNH), Diaguitas, Valle Elqui, 13.viii.2004, D. Valdivia, 2 (LEULS), 1 (IADIZA), P. Agusto, 1
(LEULS), 1 (IADIZA), 13.viii.1994, L.S. Espinoza, 2 (LEULS), 11.i.2006, P. Agusto, 1 (LEULS), 19.xi.2007, J.

Zootaxa3336 © 2012 Magnolia Press · 19
REVISION OF GENUS PRAOCIS. PART 1: SUBGENUS PRAOCIS
Pizarro-Araya, 8 (LEULS), Quebrada Santa Gracia, 1.ix.2004, L.S. Espinoza, 1 (LEULS), 1.iv.1994, J. Pizarro-
Araya, 1 (LEULS), Colina El Pino, La Serena, 23.i.1996, J. Pizarro-Araya, 1 (LEULS). Limarí Province: Anda-
collo, 17.viii.2007, P. Agusto, 1 (LEULS), P.N. Fray Jorge, xii.1991, H. Vasquez, 1 (LEULS). Choapa Province: W
Canela Baja, 30.ix.1967, L.E. Peña, 1 (FMNH), Hacienda Illapel, El Calabozo, 29.x.1967, L.E. Peña, 2 (FMNH).
Geographic distribution. Chile (Coquimbo Region: Elqui Province to Choapa Province), in the Coquimbo
biogeographic province.
Praocis (Praocis) marginata Germain, 1855
(Figs. 14, 20, 28)
Praocis marginata Germain, 1855: 401; Philippi, 1887: 732 (cat.); Gebien, 1910: 260 (cat.); Gebien, 1938: 400 (cat.); Black-
welder, 1945: 523 (cat.); Kulzer, 1958: 26 (rev.); Peña, 1966: 431 (cat.); Vidal & Guerrero, 2007: 73.
Redescription. Length 7.0–8.1 mm. Head, thorax and elytra black, sternites, femora and tibiae black to dark brown
antennae and tarsi dark brown. Head. Clypeus and frons with round punctures each with a central seta; antennae
reaching 3/4 along lateral margin of pronotum; antennomere 9 longer than wide, with apical tomentose sensory
patches arranged in two areas separated dorsally; antennomere 10 as wide as antennomere 11. Thorax. Pronotum wid-
est behind midpoint; disc and lateral quarters glabrous; punctures of disc same size as punctures of elytron; width of
anterior margin not exceeding half the width of posterior margin; lateral quarters convex, dorsal surface of lateral mar-
gin bearing a row of short golden setae; posterior angles acute, apex pointed (Fig. 20); prosternum horizontal, with
edge on anterior margin broadened below gula; prosternal process produced backwards, surpassing the midpoint of the
space between pro– and mesocoxae (Fig. 14); prosternum and mesosternum with punctures. Elytron with one carina
more approximate to lateral margin than suture, with a broad groove over lateral margin, occupying outer third of
elytra, bearing short, broad, golden, scaly setae (Fig. 20); dorsal surface glabrous, with punctures; pseudopleuron and
epipleuron glabrous, lacking protuberances or punctures, epipleuron lacking a row of setae on the edge of anterior
quarter. Legs. Ventral surface of meso– and metafemora lacking a row of setae on posterior edge. Inner surface of
meso– and metatibiae with short, stout setae. Metatibiae straight. Male genitalia. Rods of sterna IX close to each
other at basal third. Basal lamina of tegmen equal width throughout, with base concave. Lateral styles of tegmen
with proximal margin ventrally concave, widest at base, with setae on distal quarter of ventral surface. Median lobe
long (L/T > 1), narrowed in pre-distal quarter and distally broadened, with apical aperture large and apex acute.
Female: unknown.
Material examined. CHILE. Atacama Region: Chañaral Province, Ag. El León, N Caldera, 4–6.x.1980, L.E.
Peña, 1 (FMNH); Quebrada el León, 1.ix.2007. J. Pizarro-Araya 1 (LEULS), without more precise data, cum typus
comparatum, det. H. Kulzer 1957, 1 (NHMB).
Geographic distribution. Chile (Atacama Region: Chañaral Province, Quebrada el León), in the Atacama
biogeographic province.
Praocis (Praocis) elliptica Philippi & Philippi, 1864
(Figs. 8−9, 13, 21, 29)
Praocis elliptica Philippi & Philippi, 1864: 342; Gemminger & Harold, 1870: 1905 (cat.); Philippi, 1887: 731 (cat.); Gebien,
1910: 260 (cat.); Gebien, 1938: 398 (cat.); Blackwelder, 1945: 522 (cat.); Kulzer, 1958: 25 [as synonym of Praocis sub-
metallica Guérin-Méneville, 1834]; Peña, 1966: 430 (cat.) [as synonym of Praocis submetallica]; Flores, 2007: 412 (resur-
rection & lectot.).
Praocis angustata Philippi & Philippi, 1864: 341; Gemminger & Harold, 1870: 1905 (cat.); Philippi, 1887: 731 (cat.); Gebien,
1910: 260 (cat.); Gebien, 1938: 398 (cat.); Blackwelder, 1945: 522 (cat.); Kulzer, 1958: 25 [as synonym of Praocis subme-
tallica Guérin-Méneville, 1834]; Peña, 1966: 430 (cat.) [as synonym of Praocis submetallica]; Flores, 2007: 412 (syn. &
lectot.). Synonymy by Kulzer, 1958: 25.
Redescription. Length 9.0–11.0 mm. Body black or dorsal surface black and ventral surface dark brown, antennae
dark brown, legs black to dark brown. Head. Clypeus and frons glabrous, with round punctures; antennae reaching
midpoint of lateral margin of pronotum; antennomere 9 longer than wide, with apical tomentose sensory patches

FLORES & PIZARRO-ARAYA
20 · Zootaxa 3336 © 2012 Magnolia Press
arranged in two areas separated dorsally; antennomere 10 as wide as antennomere 11. Thorax. Pronotum widest
behind midpoint; disc and lateral quarters glabrous; punctures of disc same size as punctures of elytron; width of
anterior margin not exceeding half the width of posterior margin; lateral quarters convex, dorsal surface of lateral mar-
gin bearing a tuft of short golden setae; posterior angles acute, apex pointed (Fig. 21); prosternum horizontal, with
edge on anterior margin broadened below gula; prosternal process produced backwards, not reaching the midpoint of
the space between pro– and mesocoxae (Fig. 13); prosternum and mesosternum with punctures. Elytron with one
carina more approximate to lateral margin than suture, with a broad groove over lateral margin occupying outer
third or quarter of elytra, bearing short, broad, golden, scaly setae (Fig. 21); dorsal surface glabrous, with punctures;
pseudopleuron with long setae arising on punctures, bearing a row of setae below lateral margin; epipleuron with short
setae arising on protuberances, lacking a row of setae on the edge of anterior quarter. Legs. Ventral surface of meso–
and metafemora lacking a row of setae on posterior edge. Inner surface of meso– and metatibiae with short, stout
setae. Metatibiae straight. Male genitalia. Rods of sterna IX “V”-shaped. Basal lamina of tegmen distally narrowed,
with base concave. Lateral styles of tegmen with proximal margin ventrally bisinuate, widest at base, with setae on
distal half of ventral surface (Fig. 9). Median lobe moderate (0.75 < L/T ≤ 1.00), distally broadened, with apical aper-
ture large and apex rounded (Fig. 8). Female genitalia. Paraprocts moderate (1.2 ≤ P/C ≤ 2.0); baculi of coxite inclined
45°; proctigeral baculus extending proximad much beyond paraproct baculus; apicodorsal lobe of proctiger extending
about ¼ length of coxite.
Type material. Lectotype of Praocis elliptica: [Praocis/ elliptica/ (Phil.). (handwritten by Philippi)] [Lectoty-
pus/ Praocis elliptica/ Philippi & Philippi, 1864/ Des. G. Flores 2006] (MNNC).
Note: Flores (2007: 412) designated lectotype.
Lectotype of Praocis angustata: [Praocis/ angustata/ (Phil.). (handwritten by Philippi)] [Lectotypus/ Praocis
angustata/ Philippi & Philippi, 1864/ Des. G. Flores 2006] (MNNC).
Note: Flores (2007: 412) designated lectotype.
Other material examined. CHILE. Coquimbo Region: Elqui Province: Coquimbo, 1.ix.1947, L.E. Peña, 1
(FMNH). Limarí Province: Río Los Molles, Ovalle, 2400 m, 19.xi.1961, L.E. Peña, 2 (FMNH). Choapa Province:
Hacienda Illapel, 600–1000 m, 1–6.xi.1954, L.E. Peña, 2 (FMNH), 16.xi.1963, L.E. Peña, 1 (FMNH), Illapel,
10.iii.1964, A. Mesa, 1 (IADIZA), Caimanes, 19.x.1969, L.E. Peña, 2 (FMNH), Canela Alta, 24.x.1961, L.E. Peña,
1 (FMNH), Puerto Oscuro, 18–28.ix.1947, L.E. Peña, 2 (FMNH), 1 (MNNC), 18.xi.1971, G. Santic, 1 (MNNC),
23.ix.2004, J. Pizarro-Araya 1 (LEULS), El Naranjo, Tilama, Quilimari, 2.xi.1969, L.E. Peña, 2 (FMNH), Ñague,
26.ix.1980, L.E. Peña, 1 (FMNH), Ñague, 30 km N Los Vilos, 13.x.1967, G. Zuffi, 1 (FMNH), 1 (PVGH), 40 km N
Los Vilos, 1.x.1983, A. Roig, 1 (IADIZA), Los Vilos, 27.x.1965, L.E. Peña, 1 (FMNH), 15.x.1967, G. Zuffi, 1
(IADIZA), Quereo, 31º 55´ 35.2´´ S, 71º 30´44.2´´ W, 17 m, 25-x-2009, coll: J. Pizarro-Araya, 2 (IADIZA), M.
Cortes, 1 (IADIZA), J.P. Castillo, 1 (IADIZA), 1.xi.2008, F. Alfaro, 5 (LEULS).
Geographic distribution. Chile (Coquimbo Region, Río Los Molles to Quereo), in the Coquimbo biogeo-
graphic province.
Praocis (Praocis) subaenea Erichson, 1834
(Figs. 1, 28)
Praocis subaenea Erichson, 1834: 248 (March 12); Curtis, 1845: 457; Lacordaire, 1859: 214; Gemminger & Harold, 1870:
1906 (cat.); Philippi, 1887: 733 (cat.); Gebien, 1910: 261 (cat.); Gebien, 1938: 398 (cat.); Blackwelder, 1945: 523 (cat.);
Kulzer, 1958: 26 (rev.); Peña, 1966: 430 (cat.); Vidal & Guerrero, 2007: 73; Flores, 2007: 412 (lectot.).
Praocis submetallica Guérin-Méneville, 1834: 9 (June); Dejean, 1836: 200 (cat.); Guérin-Méneville, 1838: 92; Laporte, 1840:
187; Solier, 1840: 224 (rev.); Solier, 1851: 190 (rev.); Lacordaire, 1859: 213; Gemminger & Harold, 1870: 1906 (cat.);
Philippi, 1887: 733 (cat.); Kolbe, 1907: 86 (cat.); Gebien, 1910: 261 (cat.); Gebien, 1938: 398 (cat.); Blackwelder, 1945:
523 (cat.); Kulzer, 1958: 24 (rev.); Peña, 1966: 430 (cat.); Vidal & Guerrero, 2007: 73; Flores, 2007: 412 (syn. & lectot.).
Synonymy by Flores, 2007: 412.
Praocis laevicosta Curtis, 1845: 457; Lacordaire, 1859: 214; Gemminger & Harold, 1870: 1905 (cat.); Philippi, 1887: 732
(cat.); Gebien, 1910: 260 (cat.); Gebien, 1938: 398 (cat.); Blackwelder, 1945: 523 (cat.); Kulzer, 1958: 26 (syn.); Peña,
1966: 431 (cat.). Synonymy by Kulzer, 1958: 26.
Redescription. Length 6.0–11.0 mm. Body black to dark brown, antennae and legs dark brown. Head (Fig. 1).
Clypeus and frons with round punctures each with a central seta; antennae reaching midpoint of lateral margin of

Zootaxa3336 © 2012 Magnolia Press · 21
REVISION OF GENUS PRAOCIS. PART 1: SUBGENUS PRAOCIS
pronotum; antennomere 9 longer than wide, with apical tomentose sensory patches arranged in two areas separated
dorsally; antennomere 10 as wide as antennomere 11. Thorax. Pronotum widest behind midpoint; disc glabrous, lat-
eral quarters with fine, golden setae; punctures of disc same size as punctures of elytron; width of anterior margin not
exceeding half the width of posterior margin; lateral quarters convex, dorsal surface of lateral margin bearing a row of
short golden setae; posterior angles acute, apex pointed; prosternum horizontal, with edge on anterior margin broad-
ened below gula; prosternal process produced backwards, not reaching the midpoint of the space between pro– and
mesocoxae (as in Fig. 13); prosternum and mesosternum with punctures. Elytron lacking carinae, with a narrow
groove over lateral margin, occupying only outer sixth of elytra, bearing short, broad, golden, scaly setae; dorsal sur-
face with short golden setae; pseudopleuron with long setae arising on punctures; epipleuron with short setae arising
on protuberances, lacking a row of setae on the edge of anterior quarter. Legs. Ventral surface of meso– and metafem-
ora lacking a row of setae on posterior edge. Internal surface of meso– and metatibiae with short, stout setae.
Metatibiae straight. Male genitalia. Rods of sterna IX “V”-shaped. Basal lamina of tegmen equal width throughout,
with base concave. Lateral styles of tegmen with proximal margin ventrally bisinuate, widest at base, with setae on
distal half of ventral surface. Median lobe moderate (0.75 < L/T ≤ 1.00), distally broadened, with apical aperture large
and apex rounded. Female genitalia. Paraprocts moderate (1.2 ≤ P/C ≤ 2.0); baculi of coxite inclined 45°; proctigeral
baculus extending proximad much beyond paraproct baculus; apicodorsal lobe of proctiger extending about ½ length
of coxite.
Type material. Lectotype of Praocis subaenea: [Type] [14891] [Sex: male/ Det. G. Flores] [Hist.-Coll.
(Coleoptera)/ Nr 14891/ Praocis subaenea Erichs./ Chili, Meyer/ Zool. Mus. Berlin] [Syntypus/ Praocis subaenea/
Erichson, 1834/ labelled by the MNHUB 2005] [Lectotypus/ Praocis subaenea/ Erichson, 1834/ Des. G. Flores
2005] (MNHUB). Two paralectotypes same data as lectotype, except three first labels (MNHUB).
Note: Flores (2007: 412) designated lectotype.
Lectotype of Praocis submetallica: [Type] [Type/ Guérin-Men.] [Ex-Museo/ Guérin-Menev.] [Praocis/ sub-
metallica/ Chili Guer.] [Lectotypus/ Praocis submetallica/ Guérin-Meneville, 1834/ Des. G. Flores 2005]
(MNHN).
Note: Flores (2007: 412) designated lectotype.
Lectotype of Praocis laevicosta: [Type] [Praocis/ laevicosta Curt.] [102 P. laevicosta/ Curt./ on reverse: Valp.
(prov. Valparaiso, Chile)] [Lectotypus/ Praocis laevicosta/ Curtis, 1845/ Des. G. Flores &/ J. Pizarro-A. 2010]
(BMNH) is the lectotype by present designation.
Note: Curtis (1845: 457) in describing this species stated: “several specimens from Valparaiso”. This is the only
specimen of the type series of P. laevicosta available in BMNH. To fix the current interpretation of this name and to
ensure stability, we are hereby designating this lectotype.
Other material examined. CHILE. Coquimbo Region: Elqui Province: Colina El Pino, La Serena,
10.xi.1992, K. Ayala, 1 (LEULS), Coquimbo, 20.ix.1969, P.R.F., 1 (FMNH), 22.x.1966, L.E. Peña, 1 (FMNH),
17.ix.1967, L.E. Peña, 3 (FMNH), Diaguitas, 13.viii.2004, P. Agusto, 1 (LEULS), Monte Grande, 20.ix.2009, J.
Pizarro-Araya, 1 (LEULS), Pisco Elqui, 18.ix.1963, Gleisner, 1 (UCCC), 14.viii.2004, J. Pizarro-Araya, 7
(IADIZA), 14.viii.2004, P. Augusto, 1 (LEULS), L.S. Espinoza, 6 (LEULS), J. Pizarro-Araya, 11 (LEULS), C.
Saavedra, 3 (LEULS), La Pampilla, 15.viii.1969, L. Álvarez, 1 (FMNH), Totoralillo, 2.ix.1947, L.E. Peña, 2
(FMNH), 3.i.2004, J.P. Castillo, 1 (LEULS), Guanaqueros, S. Roig, x.1992, 1 (IADIZA), Terrazas de Guanaque-
ros, 14.viii.1999, J. Pizarro-Araya, 2 (LEULS), Tongoy, 7.ix.1947, L.E. Peña, 1 (FMNH), El Peñón, 1.xi.1957, L.E.
Peña, 1 (FMNH). Limarí Province: Ovalle, 22.x.1944, 1 (FMNH), 30 km N. Ovalle, S. Roig, 1 (IADIZA), Socos,
28.x.1964, L.E. Peña, 3 (FMNH). 27.ix.1952, L.E. Peña, 1 (FMNH), 28.ix.1980, L.E. Peña, 2 (FMNH), 27.ix.2003,
J. Pizarro-Araya, 4 (LEULS), 8.x.1974, L.E. Peña, 2 (FMNH), 8.x.1974, L.E. Peña, 1 (FMNH), Tangue, Cerro de
Tamaya, 10.ix.1947, L.E. Peña, 2 (IADIZA), P.N. Fray Jorge, 29.xi.1992, L. Portilla, 1 (LEULS), 15.ix.1947, L.E.
Peña, 2 (FMNH), 9.i.1984, S. Roig, 4 (IADIZA), 28.ix.1996, S. Vega, 1 (LEULS) 9.x.1999, G. Castillo, 10
(IADIZA), 4.xi.2003, C. Mattoni, L. Prendini, J. Ochoa, 1 (IADIZA), 15 km NW Pachingo, 100–200 m, 20.x.1966,
E.I. Schlinger & M.E. Irwin, 1 (FMNH), Tarumay, 15.ix.1947, L.E. Peña, 1 (FMNH), Talinay, 17.ix.1967, L.E.
Peña, 1 (FMNH), 23.xi.1967, L.E. Peña, 3 (FMNH), Alcones, 24.x.2009, coll: J. Pizarro-Araya, 2 (IADIZA), 2
(LEULS). Choapa Province: Huentelauquén, 3.xii.1965, L.E. Peña, 2 (FMNH), x.1967, L.E. Peña, 4 (FMNH),
4.x.1967, L.E. Peña, 5 (FMNH), Guampulla, 2.xi.1957, L.E. Peña, 1 (FMNH), 1 (FMNH), Puerto Oscuro,
18–28.ix.1947, L.E. Peña, 2 (FMNH), 26.x.1961, L.E. Peña, 1 (FMNH), Huilmo, Quilitapia, 13.xi.1961, L.E. Peña,
1 (FMNH), Los Vilos, 9.x.1947, L.E. Peña, 1 (FMNH), 22.x.1961, L.E. Peña, 1 (FMNH), 26.x.1965, L.E. Peña, 1

FLORES & PIZARRO-ARAYA
22 · Zootaxa 3336 © 2012 Magnolia Press
(FMNH), 5.i.1966, L.E. Peña, 4 (FMNH), 13.x.1974, L.E. Peña, 8 (FMNH), 27.x.1965, L.E. Peña, 1 (FMNH), 2
km N Los Vilos, 4.x.1967, L.E. Peña, 5 (FMNH), 8 km S Los Vilos, 1.x.1983, A. Roig, 3 (IADIZA), 27.x.1965,
L.E. Peña, 2 (FMNH), Quereo, 31º 55´ 35.2´´ S, 71º 30´44.2´´ W, 17 m, 25-x-2009, coll: J. Pizarro-Araya, 4
(IADIZA), 4 (LEULS), A. Levicán, 3 (LEULS), M. Cortes, 2 (LEULS), J.P. Castillo, 1 (LEULS), 1.XI.2008, F.
Alfaro 1 (LEULS), 11.x.1983, G. Carrasco, 5 (FMNH), Illapel a Los Vilos, R. Choapa, 27.x.1965, L.E. Peña, 2
(FMNH), Huintil, Hacienda Illapel, 18.x.1958, L.E. Peña, 1 (FMNH), Los Molles, 18.ix.1964, Moyano, 1 (UCCC).
Valparaíso Region: Petorca Province: Cachagua, ii.1970, L.E. Peña, 1 (FMNH), Papudo, 11.xi.1967, O´Brien, 1
(FMNH). Valparaíso Province: Viña del Mar, 28.x.1967, L.E. Peña, 1 (FMNH), Quinteros, C. Passera, 5
(IADIZA), Marga Marga, Paso del Agua, 11.x.1980, P. Cerda B., 1 (PVGH), Puente Colmo, 21.ix.1966, J. Solervi-
cens, 1 (FMNH). Quillota Province: Cerro Mollaca, Quillota, 18.xi.1962, L.E. Peña, 2 (FMNH). San Antonio Prov-
ince: Algarrobo, 22.xi.1969, L.E. Peña, 2 (FMNH), xi.1970, Ramírez, 1 (FMNH), 27.xi.1950, L.E. Peña, 1
(IADIZA), El Quisco, Chile, 14.xi.1983, L.E. Peña, 7 (FMNH), Las Cruces, 3.i.2001, V.M. Diéguez, 6 (IADIZA),
Quillaycillo, 26.ix.1947, L.E. Peña, 1 (FMNH). Metropolitana Region: Santiago Province, xi.1970, Ramírez, 1
(FMNH); without more precise data: 9 (RBINS).
Geographic distribution. Chile (Coquimbo Region: Elqui Province to Metropolitana Region: Santiago Pro-
vince), in the Coquimbo and Santiago biogeographic provinces.
Praocis (Praocis) sulcata Eschscholtz, 1829
(Fig. 29; Flores & Pizarro-Araya 2010: Fig. 1)
Praocis sulcata Eschscholtz, 1829: 7; Dejean, 1834: 180 (cat.); Dejean, 1836: 200 (cat.); Guérin-Méneville, 1838: 92; Laporte,
1840: 187; Solier, 1840: 235 (rev.) (misidentif.); Lacordaire, 1859: 214; Gemminger & Harold, 1870: 1906 (cat.); Philippi,
1887: 733 (cat.); Gebien, 1910: 262 (cat.); Gebien, 1938: 400 (cat.); Blackwelder, 1945: 523 (cat.); Kulzer, 1958: 19 (rev.);
Peña, 1966: 429 (cat.); Vidal & Guerrero, 2007: 73, 217; Flores, 2007: 416 (lectot.); Pizarro-Araya et al., 2008: 273 (list);
Flores & Pizarro-Araya, 2010: 66.
Sternodes mannerheimi Fischer, 1844: 125 (female); Motschulsky, 1845: 63 (syn.); Lacordaire, 1859: 214; Gemminger &
Harold, 1870: 1906 (cat.); Philippi, 1887: 733 (cat.); Gebien, 1910: 262 (cat.); Gebien, 1938: 400 (cat.); Blackwelder,
1945: 523 (cat.). Synonymy by Motschulsky, 1845: 63.
Praocis rotundata Laporte, 1840: 187 (not Lacordaire, 1830: 284); Solier, 1851: 190 (rev.); Lacordaire, 1859: 213; Gemminger
& Harold, 1870: 1905 (cat.); Philippi, 1887: 732 (cat.); Gebien, 1910: 261 (cat.); Gebien, 1938: 398 (cat.); Blackwelder,
1945: 523 (cat.); Flores & Pizarro-Araya, 2010: 66 (syn.). Synonymy by Flores & Pizarro-Araya, 2010: 66.
Redescription. Length 6.0–11.0 mm. Body black to dark brown, antennae and legs dark brown. Head. Clypeus and
frons with round punctures each with a central seta; antennae reaching midpoint of lateral margin of pronotum;
antennomere 9 longer than wide, with apical tomentose sensory patches arranged in two areas separated dorsally;
antennomere 10 as wide as antennomere 11. Thorax. Pronotum widest behind midpoint; disc glabrous, lateral quarters
with fine, golden setae; punctures of disc same size as punctures of elytron; width of anterior margin not exceeding
half the width of posterior margin; lateral quarters convex, dorsal surface of lateral margin bearing a row of short
golden setae; posterior angles acute, apex pointed; prosternum horizontal, with edge on anterior margin broadened
below gula; prosternal process produced backwards, not reaching the midpoint of the space between pro– and meso-
coxae; prosternum and mesosternum with punctures. Elytron with two carinae equidistant between suture and lat-
eral margin and three grooves bearing short, broad, golden, scaly setae, intervals arched, wider than grooves; all
grooves run from apex of elytron towards anterior, the inner groove runs parallel with the inner groove of the other
elytron reaching the anterior third, the midpoint or the posterior third, the medial and outer grooves reach the base;
dorsal surface with short golden setae or glabrous; pseudopleuron with long setae arising on punctures; epipleuron
with short setae arising on protuberances, lacking a row of setae on the edge of anterior quarter. Legs. Ventral surface
of meso– and metafemora lacking a row of setae on posterior edge. Inner surface of meso– and metatibiae with
long, fine setae. Metatibiae curved outward. Male genitalia. Rods of sterna IX close to each other at basal third.
Basal lamina of tegmen equal width throughout, with base concave. Lateral styles of tegmen with proximal margin
ventrally bisinuate, widest at base, with setae on distal quarter of ventral surface. Median lobe moderate (0.75 < L/T
≤ 1.00), distally broadened, with apical aperture large and apex rounded. Female genitalia. Paraprocts moderate (1.2 ≤
P/C ≤ 2.0); baculi of coxite horizontal; proctigeral baculus equal to length of paraproct baculus; apicodorsal lobe of
proctiger extending about ½ length of coxite.

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REVISION OF GENUS PRAOCIS. PART 1: SUBGENUS PRAOCIS
Type material. Lectotype of Praocis sulcata: [Type] [14893] [Hist.-Coll. (Coleoptera)/ Nr. 14893/ Praocis
sulcata Eschsch./ Chili, Eschsch./ Zool. Mus. Berlin] [Syntypys/ Praocis sulcata/ Eschscholtz, 1829/ labelled by
the MNHUB 2005] [Lectotypus/ Praocis sulcata Eschscholtz, 1829/ Des. G. Flores 2005] (MNHUB). One paralec-
totype same data as lectotype, except two first labels (MNHUB).
Note: Flores (2007: 416) designated lectotype and paralectotype.
Other material examined. CHILE. Atacama Region: Huasco Province: Huasco, 18.xii.1963, T.C.K., 2
(UCCC). Coquimbo Region: Elqui Province: La Serena, x.1958, L.E. Peña, 2 (FMNH), Coquimbo, 16.ix.1964,
Cekalovic, 1 (UCCC), Quebrada Santa Gracia, 1.ix.2004, L.S. Espinoza, 1 (IADIZA), Alfalfares, 14.viii.2004, P.
Agusto, 1 (LEULS), Diaguitas, 13.viii.2004, 5 (LEULS), 25.viii.2008, J. Pizarro-Araya, 4 (LEULS), Lengua de
Vaca, 29.x.1965, L.E. Peña, 1 (FMNH). Limarí Province: Caleta el Limarí, 22.ix.2004, L.S. Espinoza, 1 (LEULS),
Mineral de Talca, 28.ix.2004, J. Pizarro-Araya, 4 (IADIZA), P.N. Fray Jorge, 7–8.xi.2001, J. Pizarro-Araya, 1
(IADIZA), Talinay, 22.ix.1947, L.E. Peña, 1 (FMNH), 29.x.1965, L.E. Peña, 7 (FMNH). Choapa Province: Puerto
Oscuro, 23.ix.2004, J. Pizarro-Araya, 1 (IADIZA), Bahía El Teniente, 16.x.1968, J. Solervicens, 2 (FMNH), Que-
brada el Teniente, 22.ix.1947, L.E. Peña, 1 (FMNH), 12.x.1957, L.E. Peña, 1 (FMNH). Metropolitana Region: San-
tiago Province, El Convento, 12.x.1963, L.E. Peña, 2 (FMNH), 19.xi.1967, L.E. Peña, 1 (FMNH). Maule Region:
Cauquenes Province: Tregualemú, 24.iii.1967, Moyano, 1 (FMNH), 11.xii.1953, L.E. Peña, 1 (IADIZA). Pelluhue,
costa Maule, 2.xii.1953, 600 m, L.E. Peña, 1 (FMNH). Talca Province: Constitución, 12.xi.1969, El Holsten, 2
(FMNH), 26.xi.1953, L.E. Peña, 1 (IADIZA). Cardenal Caro Province, Bucalemú, 24-I-2001, T. Moore, 3 (JEBC).
Bio Bío Region: Concepción Province: Quillón, 20.ix.1966, Méndez, 1 (UCCC), Hualpén, 13.xi.1966, Quezada, 1
(UCCC), Concepción, 6.xi.1957, P.H. Lister, 1 (UCCC), 5.xi.1953, 1 (FMNH), 10.x.1955, 1 (FMNH). 5.xi.1953, 1
(FMNH), 10.x.1955, 1 (FMNH), Arauco, xii-1960, A. Baier, 2 (MACN), 16.xii.1985, S. Roig, 1 (IADIZA); with-
out more precise data, 1 (RBINS).
Geographic distribution. Chile (Atacama Region: Huasco Province to Bio Bío Region: Concepción Prov-
ince), in the Coquimbo and Maule biogeographic provinces.
Praocis (Praocis) spinolai Gay & Solier, 1840
(Figs. 3−4, 22, 28)
Praocis spinolai Gay & Solier in Solier, 1840: 223 (rev.); Solier, 1851: 188 (rev.); Lacordaire, 1859: 213; Gemminger & Har-
old, 1870: 1906 (cat.); Philippi, 1887: 733 (cat.); Gebien, 1910: 261 (cat.); Gebien, 1938: 398 (cat.); Blackwelder, 1945:
523 (cat.); Kulzer, 1958: 20 (rev.); Peña, 1966: 430 (cat.); Vidal & Guerrero, 2007: 73, 217; Flores, 2007: 417 (lectot.);
Pizarro-Araya et al., 2008: 273 (list); Alfaro et al., 2009: 126 (biog.).
Redescription. Length 8.0–14.0 mm. Body black, antennae dark brown, legs black to dark brown. Head. Clypeus
and frons with round punctures each with a central seta; antennae reaching midpoint of lateral margin of pronotum;
antennomere 9 longer than wide, with apical tomentose sensory patches arranged in two areas separated dorsally;
antennomere 10 as wide as antennomere 11. Thorax. Pronotum widest behind midpoint; disc glabrous or with setae,
lateral quarters with fine golden setae; punctures of disc same size as punctures of elytron; width of anterior margin
not exceeding half the width of posterior margin; lateral quarters convex, dorsal surface of lateral margin bearing a
row of short golden setae (Fig. 3); posterior angles acute, apex pointed (Fig. 22); prosternum horizontal, with edge on
anterior margin broadened below gula; prosternal process produced backwards, not reaching the midpoint of the space
between pro– and mesocoxae (as in Fig. 13); prosternum and mesosternum with punctures. Elytron with two or three
carinae equidistant between suture and lateral margin and three or four grooves bearing short, broad, golden, scaly
setae (Fig. 4), intervals carina–shaped, wider than grooves; the inner groove runs from apex of elytron reaching only
the posterior third, not surpassing the midpoint of elytron towards anterior, parallel with the inner groove of the other
elytron, the medial groove runs from apex of elytron reaching the base towards anterior, the third and fourth outer
grooves are very close together (or only the third groove) and run over lateral margin from apex of elytron reaching the
base towards anterior (Fig. 22); dorsal surface glabrous; pseudopleuron with long setae arising on punctures; epipleu-
ron with short setae arising on protuberances, with a row of setae on the edge of anterior quarter. Legs. Ventral surface
of meso– and metafemora with a row of setae on posterior edge. Inner surface of meso– and metatibiae with long,
fine setae. Metatibiae straight. Male genitalia. Rods of sterna IX “V”-shaped. Basal lamina of tegmen equal width
throughout, with base concave. Lateral styles of tegmen with proximal margin ventrally bisinuate, widest at base,

FLORES & PIZARRO-ARAYA
24 · Zootaxa 3336 © 2012 Magnolia Press
with setae on distal 1/5 of ventral surface. Median lobe moderate (0.75 < L/T ≤ 1.00), distally broadened, with apical
aperture large and apex rounded. Female genitalia. Paraprocts moderate (1.2 ≤ P/C ≤ 2.0); baculi of coxite inclined
45°; proctigeral baculus extending proximad much beyond paraproct baculus; apicodorsal lobe of proctiger extending
about ½ length of coxite.
Type material. Lectotype: [spino/ lae] [Coquimbo/ Gay] [Praocis/ spinolae / Sol./ Coquimbo] [Type] [Prao-
cis/ spinolai Sol./ Type de Solier/ Col. Marseul/ C. Girard det. 1975] [Lectotypus/ Praocis spinolai/ Gay et Solier,
1840/ Des. G. Flores 2005] (MNHN). Two paralectotypes same data as lectotype, except the second label (MNHN).
Note: Flores (2007: 417) designated lectotype and paralectotypes.
Other material examined. CHILE. Atacama Region: Huasco Province: 10 km SE Carrizalillo, S Atacama,
25.x.1957, L.E. Peña, 2 (FMNH), Aguada Tongoy-Huasco, 19.xi.2005, F. Alfaro, 10 (LEULS), Chañaral de Acei-
tuno, 29º03´15,8´´ S, 71º25´49,5´´ W, 94,5 msl, 7.ix.2002, J. Pizarro-Araya, 12 (LEULS), Agua de Luna,
15.ii.2007, F. Alfaro, 1 (LEULS), Bahía Sarco, 19–21.viii.2008, F. Alfaro, 1 (LEULS). Coquimbo Region: Elqui
Province: Choros Bajos, La Higuera, xi.2002, G. Castillo, 2 (IADIZA), G. Castillo, 1 (LEULS), Los Choros,
19.x.2002, G. Arancio, 9 (LEULS), 1.xi.1961, L.E. Peña, 1 (FMNH), 10.xi.1981, L.E. Peña, 1 (FMNH),
29.ix.1980, L.E. Peña, 1 (FMNH), Punta de Choros, 6.xi.2002, J. Pizarro-Araya, 2 (LEULS), 18.xi.2005, J.
Pizarro-Araya, 6 (LEULS), 1 (IADIZA), 6.xi.2002, J. Pizarro-Araya, 4 (LEULS), 14.ix.2002, S. Vega, 1
(IADIZA), 09.ix.2007, A. González, 5 (LEULS), Punta de Choros, sitio 4, 7.viii.2005, V. Rodríguez, 8 (LEULS),
8.viii.2005, J. Pizarro-Araya, 9 (LEULS), 2.vi.2005, V. Rodríguez, 1 (IADIZA), 4.vi.2005, D. Valdivia, 2
(LEULS), 27.viii.2005, S. Espinoza, 2 (LEULS), 6.x.2005, C. Saavedra, 1 (IADIZA), 7.x.2005, P. Gachón, 1
(LEULS), 7.x.2005, V. Rodríguez, 1 (LEULS), 8.x.2005, J. Pizarro-Araya, 2 (IADIZA), 28.viii.2005, J. Pizarro-
Araya, 1 (LEULS), 15.i.2007, F. Alfaro & J. Pizarro-Araya, 3 (LEULS), 1 (IADIZA), Llano Los Choros,
15.xi.2007, J. Pizarro-Araya, 1 (LEULS), Isla Choros, 5.viii.2006, S. Espinoza, 5 (LEULS), 1 (IADIZA),
15.iv.2006, S. Espinoza & D. Valdivia, 17 (LEULS), 03–06.viii.2006, J. Pizarro-Araya & P. Gachón, 4 (LEULS),
Isla Damas, 03.viii.2006, D. Valdivia & F. Alfaro, 2 (LEULS), 15.iv.2006, P. Agusto & F. Alfaro, 6 (LEULS), 1
(IADIZA), Isla Gaviota, 20.x.2006, J. Pizarro-Araya, 17 (LEULS), 3–6.viii.2006, C. Romero & C. Saavedra, 5
(LEULS), 7.xi.2002, J. Pizarro-Araya 1 (LEULS), 1 (IADIZA), Totoralillo Norte, 1.v.2004, L.S. Espinoza, 1
(LEULS), N Cuesta Buenos Aires, 21.x.1975, L.E. Peña, 2 (FMNH), Totoralillo Norte, 21.viii.2009, J. Pizarro-
Araya, 1 (LEULS), Quebrada Santa Gracia, 19.i.2002, L.S. Espinoza, 1 (LEULS), 1.ix.2004, L.S. Espinoza, 1
(LEULS), Cuesta Porotitos, 16.viii.2009, J. Pizarro-Araya, 2 (LEULS), Las Compañías, 6.xii.1992, P. Plandiura, 1
(LEULS), 06.xii.1992, L. Jorquera, 1 (LEULS), La Serena, xi.1970, J. Peralta, 1 (UCCC), 5.ix.1968, Cekalovic, 1
(UCCC), Parque Cendyr, La Serena, 9.ii.2009, 127 m, 29º 55´ 20´´, 71º 14´ 17´´ W, G. y L. Flores, 2 (IADIZA),
Colina El Pino, La Serena, 23.viii.2003, J. Pizarro-Araya, 4 (IADIZA), 9 (LEULS), Coquimbo, 27.xi.1992, C.
Bravo, 2 (LEULS), 2.x.1983, A. Roig (LEULS), 10 km S Coquimbo, 2.x.1983, A. Roig, 1 (IADIZA), Peñuelas,
25.i.1929, L.E. Peña, 1 (FMNH), Sindempart, 30.iv.2010, C. Valdivia, 1 (LEULS), La Pampilla, 1.xi.1957, L.E.
Peña, 1 (IADIZA), 16.xi.1946, L.E. Peña, 1 (FMNH), El Tanque, 29.x.1965, L.E. Peña, 1 (FMNH), 21.x.2005, J.
Pizarro-Araya, 2 (LEULS), Lagunillas, 20.ix.2007, G. Flores & J. Pizarro-Araya, 1 (LEULS), 15.xi.2003, J.
Pizarro-Araya, 6 (LEULS), Terrazas de Lagunillas, 22.iv.2004, P. Agusto, 2 (LEULS), Herradura a Guanaqueros,
3.ix.1947, L.E. Peña, 2 (FMNH), 1 (IADIZA), Guanaqueros, S. Roig, x.1992, 1 (IADIZA), 1 (LEULS), Tongoy,
7.ix.1947, L.E. Peña, 1 (FMNH), El Molle, 14.ix.2002, S. Vega, 15 (LEULS), 1 (IADIZA), x.1958, L.E. Peña, 1
(FMNH), Diaguitas, 13.viii.2004, P. Agusto, 7 (LEULS), 13.x.2004, P. Agusto, 1 (LEULS), Vicuña a Hurtado, 10
km E Vicuña, 8.x.1998, P. Vidal, 2 (PVGH), Dos Ríos, 20.iv.2002, L. Moreno, 1 (LEULS). Limarí Province: Cerro
Cruz Verde, Andacollo, 21.viii.2003, P. Agusto, 2 (LEULS), Andacollo, 17.vii.2007, J. Pizarro-Araya, 1 (LEULS),
Ovalle, 28.ii.2010, C. Valdivia, 1 (LEULS), Pichasca, 23.ii.2005, P. Agusto, 1 (LEULS), Cruce Oruro, 20.x.1996,
29º 47´02´´ S, 71º 18´18´´ W, P. Vidal, 2 (PVGH), Fray Jorge, 16.ix.1963, Gleisner, 1 (UCCC), P.N. Fray Jorge,
5.viii.1953, L.E. Peña, 1 (FMNH), 16.ix.1955, R.H. González, 1 (FMNH), 6.xi.1980, L.E. Peña, 2 (FMNH),
9.ix.1991, H.V.C., 1 (LEULS), 9.x.1999, G. Castillo, 2 (IADIZA), 7–8.xi.2001, J. Pizarro-Araya, 3 (IADIZA), 6
(LEULS), Talinay, vi.1968, L.E. Peña, 2 (FMNH), 5.x.1990, P. Vidal, 1 (PVGH), Socos, 18.ix.1947, L.E. Peña, 2
(FMNH), 28.x.1965, L.E. Peña, 1 (FMNH), 15.xi.2003, J. Pizarro-Araya, 6 (LEULS), Los Loros, desembocadura
Río Limarí, 20.ix.1969, L.E. Peña, 1 (FMNH), Alcones, 10.x.2008, J. Pizarro-Araya, 1 (LEULS), El Peñón,
1.xi.1957, L.E. Peña, 1 (FMNH), Trapiche, 18.i.1969, H. Sielfeld, 1 (UCCC), Punta Talca, 21.xi.1967, L.E. Peña, 2
(FMNH), without more precise data, 2 (RBINS). Choapa Province: Puerto Oscuro, 23.ix.2004, J. Pizarro-Araya, 2
(LEULS), Los Vilos, 20.x.2008, J. Pizarro-Araya, 1 (LEULS), 20.iv.2010, E. Madariaga, 1 (LEULS).

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REVISION OF GENUS PRAOCIS. PART 1: SUBGENUS PRAOCIS
Geographic distribution. Chile (Atacama Region: Huasco Province to Coquimbo Region: Choapa Province),
in the Coquimbo biogeographic province.
FIGURE 28. Geographical distribution of four species of Praocis (Praocis): P. (P.) marginata, P. (P.) rufipes, P. (P.) spinolai,
and P. (P. ) subaenea.

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26 · Zootaxa 3336 © 2012 Magnolia Press
Praocis (Praocis) medvedevi sp. nov.
(Figs. 23, 29)
Diagnosis. Praocis (Praocis) medvedevi sp. nov. is the only species of the subgenus with elytral punctures twice
the size of pronotal punctures (Fig. 23); the remaining species of the subgenus have elytral punctures the same size
as pronotal punctures. In addition, Praocis medvedevi may be identified by the elytron with a carina more approxi-
mate to lateral margin than suture (Fig. 23), ventral surface of meso– and metafemora lacking a row of setae on
posterior edge and inner surface of meso– and metatibiae with short, stout setae. It differs from P. c urt a Solier
which has elytron without carinae, ventral surface of meso– and metafemora with a row of setae on posterior edge
and inner surface of meso– and metatibiae with long, fine setae.
Description. Length 7.0–9.0 mm. Body black, antennae and legs dark brown. Head. Clypeus and frons with
round punctures each with a central seta; antennae reaching 3/4 along lateral margin of pronotum; antennomere 9
longer than wide, with apical tomentose sensory patches arranged in two areas separated dorsally; antennomere 10 as
wide as antennomere 11. Thorax. Pronotum widest behind midpoint; disc glabrous, lateral quarters with fine golden
setae; punctures of disc half the size of punctures of elytron; width of anterior margin exceeding half the width of pos-
terior margin; lateral quarters convex, dorsal surface of lateral margin bearing a row of short golden setae; posterior
angles acute, apex pointed (Fig. 23); prosternum horizontal, with edge on anterior margin broadened below gula; pros-
ternal process produced backwards, not reaching the midpoint of the space between pro– and mesocoxae (as in Fig.
13); prosternum and mesosternum with punctures. Elytron with a carina weakly defined, more approximate to lat-
eral margin than suture, lacking grooves; dorsal surface glabrous; pseudopleuron with long setae arising on punc-
tures; epipleuron glabrous, lacking a row of setae on the edge of anterior quarter. Legs. Ventral surface of meso– and
metafemora lacking a row of setae on posterior edge. Inner surface of meso– and metatibiae with short, stout setae.
Metatibiae straight. Female genitalia. Paraprocts moderate (1.2 ≤ P/C ≤ 2.0); baculi of coxite inclined 45°; proctigeral
baculus extending proximad much beyond paraproct baculus; apicodorsal lobe of proctiger extending about ¼ length
of coxite. Male: unknown.
Etymology. Named in honour of the late colleague Prof. Gleb S. Medvedev, outstanding specialist in Tenebri-
onidae from Russia.
Type material. Holotype, female, length 9 mm (dissected): [Ag. El Leon/ Caldera (N)/ Atac. 4-6-x-1980/
Coll: L.E. Peña] [Praocis (Praocis)/ medvedevi sp. nov./ HOLOTYPUS female/ Det. G. Flores-J. Pizarro-A. 2011]
(FMNH). One paratype female, lacking the rigth median leg, length 7 mm: [Prov. Atacama/ Qda. El Leon/ N. Cal-
dera] [22-xi-1972/ Coll: L.E. Peña] (MNNC).
Other material examined. CHILE. Atacama Region: Chañaral Province: Quebrada El León, Caldera,
1.ix.2007, J. Pizarro-Araya 3 (LEULS), 1 (IADIZA). These specimens were found in poor conditions. Further
attempts (collecting trips) by the junior author to find male specimens of this new species in the area brought no
results up to this date.
Praocis (Praocis) curta Solier, 1840
(Fig. 30)
Praocis curta Solier, 1840: 226 (rev.); Gemminger & Harold, 1870: 1905 (cat.); Philippi, 1887: 731 (cat.); Gebien, 1910: 260
(cat.); Gebien, 1938: 398 (cat.); Blackwelder, 1945: 522 (cat.); Kulzer, 1958: 17 (rev.); Peña, 1966: 429 (cat.); Vidal &
Guerrero, 2007: 73, 212; Flores, 2007: 417 (lectot.).
Praocis nigroaenea Solier, 1840: 226 (rev.); Solier, 1851: 191 (rev.); Lacordaire, 1859: 213; Gemminger & Harold, 1870: 1905
(cat.); Philippi, 1887: 732 (cat.); Gebien, 1910: 261 (cat.); Gebien, 1938: 398 (cat.); Blackwelder, 1945: 523 (cat.); Kulzer,
1958: 17 (syn.); Peña, 1966: 429 (cat.). Synonymy by Kulzer, 1958: 17.
Praocis rugipennis Germain, 1855: 400; Philippi, 1887: 733 (cat.); Gebien, 1910: 261 (cat.); Gebien, 1938: 398 (cat.); Blac-
kwelder, 1945: 523 (cat.); Kulzer, 1958: 17 (syn.); Peña, 1966: 429 (cat.). Synonymy by Kulzer, 1958: 17.
Redescription. Length 7.0–12.0 mm. Body black to dark brown, antennae and legs dark brown. Head. Clypeus and
frons with round punctures each with a central seta; antennae reaching midpoint of lateral margin of pronotum;
antennomere 9 longer than wide, with apical tomentose sensory patches arranged in two areas separated dorsally;
antennomere 10 as wide as antennomere 11. Thorax. Pronotum widest behind midpoint; disc glabrous or with setae,
lateral quarters with fine, golden setae; punctures of disc same size as punctures of elytron; width of anterior margin

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REVISION OF GENUS PRAOCIS. PART 1: SUBGENUS PRAOCIS
not exceeding half the width of posterior margin; lateral quarters convex, dorsal surface of lateral margin bearing a
row of short golden setae; posterior angles acute, apex pointed; prosternum horizontal, with edge on anterior margin
broadened below gula; prosternal process produced backwards, not reaching the midpoint of the space between pro–
and mesocoxae (as in Fig. 13); prosternum and mesosternum with punctures. Elytron lacking carinae and grooves;
dorsal surface with short, golden setae; pseudopleuron with long setae arising on punctures; epipleuron with short
setae arising on protuberances, with a row of setae on the edge of anterior quarter. Legs. Ventral surface of meso– and
metafemora with a row of setae on posterior edge. Inner surface of meso– and metatibiae with long, fine setae.
Metatibiae straight. Female genitalia. Paraprocts moderate (1.2 ≤ P/C ≤ 2.0); baculi of coxite inclined 45°; proctigeral
baculus extending proximad much beyond paraproct baculus; apicodorsal lobe of proctiger extending about ¼ length
of coxite. Male: unknown.
Type material. Lectotype of Praocis curta: [curta] [Praocis/ curta/ Sol./ Chili] [P. curta/ Sol.] [Chili M.B.
Tournade] [Type] [Praocis/ curta Sol./ Type de Solier/ Col. Marseul/ C. Girard det. 1975] [Lectotypus/ Praocis
curta/ Solier, 1840/ Des. G. Flores 2005] (MNHN).
Note: Flores (2007: 417) designated lectotype.
Other material examined. CHILE. Coquimbo Region: Elqui Province: Vicuña, F. Ruiz, 12.xi.1969, 12
(UCCC), El Molle, La Serena, x.1958, L.E. Peña, 1 (FMNH),Huanta, 27.ii.2004, J. Pizarro-Araya, 1 (LEULS),
Colina El Pino, 23.i.1996, J. Pizarro-Araya, 1 (LEULS), La Serena, 25.ix.1992, N. Tobar, 1 (LEULS), Coquimbo,
La Pampilla, 16.vi.1968, L.E. Peña, 1 (FMNH), La Caldera, Andacollo, 27.ix.2001, P. Augusto, 3 (IADIZA),
Guanaqueros, 9.i.1984, A. Roig, 2 (IADIZA), Terrazas de Guanaqueros, 22.ix.2004, L.S. Espinoza 1 (LEULS).
Limarí Province: Socos, 16.ix.1963, L.E. Peña, 2 (FMNH), 8.x.1974, L.E. Peña, 2 (FMNH), 27.ix.2003, J. Pizarro-
Araya, 4 (IADIZA), 15.xi.2003, J. Pizarro-Araya, 5 (IADIZA), 28.x.1965, L.E. Peña, 2 (FMNH), 27.ix.2003, J.
Pizarro-Araya, 1 (LEULS), Guatulame, Ovalle, 13.xi.1961, L.E. Peña, 1 (FMNH), Ovalle, Barraza, 6.viii.1972, (1
FMNH), Guayanay, 20.ix.1965, L.E. Peña, 2 (FMNH), Valle del Encanto, 26.ix.2005, L.S. Espinoza 1 (LEULS),
Talinay. 24.ix.2004, L.S. Espinoza 1 (LEULS), Quebrada Amolanas, 28.xi.1944, 1 (FMNH). Barraza, Dualle,
6.viii.1972, 1 (FMNH). Choapa Province: Samo Alto, Hurtado, 2.xii.1980, L.E. Peña, 1 (IADIZA), Punitaqui,
20.ix.2004, L.S. Espinoza 1 (LEULS), 9.x.2005, L.S. Espinoza 2 (LEULS), Mincha Norte, 20.viii.2009, J. Pizarro-
Araya 1 (LEULS), Huilmo, 22.ix.1982, L.E. Peña, 1 (FMNH), Puerto Oscuro, 18–28.ix.1947, L.E. Peña, 1
(FMNH), 23.ix.2004, J. Pizarro-Araya 1 (LEULS), Illapel a Los Vilos, Río Choapa, 27.x.1965, L.E. Peña, 1
(FMNH), 1.xi.2008, F. Alfaro 2 (LEULS), Los Vilos, 18.ix.1964, H. Moyano, 1 (UCCC), 7.x.1947, L.E. Peña, 1
(FMNH), 27.x.1965, L.E. Peña, 1 (FMNH), 5.i.1966, L.E. Peña, 1 (FMNH), 13.x.1974, L.E. Peña, 2 (FMNH), 40
km N Los Vilos, 1.ix.1983, A. Roig, 2 (IADIZA), Los Molles, 22.x.1961, L.E. Peña, 1 (FMNH). Valparaíso
Region: Quillota Province: Quillota, 4.xii.1965, L.E. Peña, 1 (FMNH), Cuesta El Melon, 20.xi.2004, M. Guerrero,
1 (IADIZA). Valparaíso Province: El Salto, 9.xii.1968, M. Pino, 1 (UCCC), Valparaíso, on beach 14 hs, 9.xi.1994,
G. Flores, 1 (IADIZA), Laguna Verde, 11.viii.1968, L.E. Peña, 1 (FMNH), El Reloj, 16.x.1944, 1 (FMNH),
Quintero, 5.ii.1960, J. Valencia, 1 (UCCC), i.1982, C. Passera, 1 (IADIZA), 7.xii.1963, L.E. Peña, 1 (FMNH),
12.xii.1980, L.E. Peña, 1 (FMNH), Viña del Mar, 28.x.1967, L.E. Peña, 1 (FMNH), Marga Marga, Paso del Agua,
11.x.1980, P. Cerda B., 1 (PVGH). San Antonio Province: Algarrobo, 27.xi.1950, L.E. Peña, 3 (IADIZA), xi.1970,
Ramírez, 1 (FMNH), 22.xi.1969, L.E. Peña, 3 (FMNH), El Quisco, 14.xi.1983, L.E. Peña, 8 (FMNH), Sto.
Domingo, 24.xi.1967, Ramírez, 2 (FMNH). Petorca Province: Cachagua, ii.1970, L.E. Peña, 4 (FMNH). Metropol-
itana Region: Santiago Province, Santiago, xii.1963, L.E. Peña, 1 (FMNH). El Volcán, 9.xi.1969, 2 (FMNH), El
Manzano, 43 km Stgo, 4.xi.1970, M. Díaz, 1 (MNNC), without more precise data, 2 (RBINS).
Geographic distribution. Chile (Coquimbo Region: Elqui Province to Metropolitana Region: Santiago Prov-
ince), in the Coquimbo and Santiago biogeographic provinces.
Praocis (Praocis) aenea Gay & Solier, 1840
(Figs. 24, 30)
Praocis aenea Gay & Solier in Solier, 1840: 227 (rev.); Solier, 1851: 193 (rev.); Lacordaire, 1859: 213; Gemminger & Harold,
1870: 1904 (cat.); Philippi, 1887: 731 (cat.); Gebien, 1910: 260 (cat.); Gebien, 1938: 398 (cat.); Blackwelder, 1945: 522
(cat.); Kulzer, 1958: 22 (rev.); Peña, 1966: 430 (cat.); Vidal & Guerrero, 2007: 73; Flores, 2007: 417 (lectot.).

FLORES & PIZARRO-ARAYA
28 · Zootaxa 3336 © 2012 Magnolia Press
FIGURE 29. Geographical distribution of four species of Praocis (Praocis): P. (P.) bicentenario, P. (P.) elliptica, P. (P. )
medvedevi, and P. (P. ) sulcata.

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REVISION OF GENUS PRAOCIS. PART 1: SUBGENUS PRAOCIS
FIGURE 30. Geographical distribution of five species of Praocis (Praocis): P. (P.) parva, P. (P.) aenea, P. (P. ) curta, P. (P.)
hirtella, and P. (P.) tibialis.
Redescription. Length 8.0–10.0 mm. Body black to dark brown, antennae and legs dark brown. Head. Clypeus and
frons with round punctures each with a central seta; antennae reaching 3/4 along lateral margin of pronotum; anten-

FLORES & PIZARRO-ARAYA
30 · Zootaxa 3336 © 2012 Magnolia Press
nomere 9 longer than wide, with apical tomentose sensory patches arranged in two areas separated dorsally; antennom-
ere 10 as wide as antennomere 11. Thorax. Pronotum widest behind midpoint; disc and lateral quarters with fine
golden setae; punctures of disc same size as punctures of elytron; width of anterior margin exceeding half the width
of posterior margin; lateral quarters convex, dorsal surface of lateral margin bearing a row of short golden setae; pos-
terior angles right, apex rounded (Fig. 24); prosternum horizontal, with edge on anterior margin broadened below
gula; prosternal process produced backwards, not reaching the midpoint of the space between pro– and mesocoxae (as
in Fig. 13); prosternum and mesosternum with punctures. Elytron lacking grooves, with two carinae weakly
defined, equidistant between suture and lateral margin, with a net of lateral ramifications from carinae (Fig. 24);
dorsal surface rugose with short golden setae; pseudopleuron with long setae arising on punctures; epipleuron with
short setae arising on protuberances, lacking a row of setae on the edge of anterior quarter. Legs. Ventral surface of
meso– and metafemora with a row of setae on posterior edge. Inner surface of meso– and metatibiae with long, fine
setae. Metatibiae curved outward. Male genitalia. Rods of sterna IX close to each other at basal third. Basal lamina of
tegmen equal width throughout, with base straight. Lateral styles of tegmen with proximal margin ventrally bisinu-
ate, widest at middle, with setae on distal third of ventral surface. Median lobe moderate (0.75 < L/T ≤ 1.00), nar-
rowed in pre-distal quarter and distally broadened, with apical aperture large and apex rounded. Female genitalia.
Paraprocts moderate (1.2 ≤ P/C ≤ 2.0); baculi of coxite inclined 45°; proctigeral baculus extending proximad much
beyond paraproct baculus; apicodorsal lobe of proctiger extending about ¼ length of coxite.
Type material. Lectotype: [aenea/ Type/ Solier] [Praocis/ aenea/ Sol./ Coquimbo] [Coquimbo/ Gay] [Type]
[Praocis/ aenea Sol./ Type de Solier/ Col. Marseul/ C. Girard det. 1975] [Lectotypus/ Praocis aenea/ Gay et Solier,
1840/ Des. G. Flores 2005] (MNHN). Two paralectotypes same data as lectotype, one plus a label: [aenea Sol. Gay
227: 11 Coquimbo] below the label [Type] (MNHN).
Note: Flores (2007: 417) designated lectotype and paralectotypes.
Other material examined. CHILE. Coquimbo Region: Elqui Province: El Temblador, 1.v.2004, J. Pizarro-
Araya, 1 (LEULS), La Darsena, 14.ii.2004, J. Pizarro-Araya, 1 (LEULS), Caleta de Hornos, 5.v.2005, J. Pizarro-
Araya, 1 (LEULS), 25 km N Serena, 29.ix.1980, L.E. Peña, 5 (FMNH), 30.x.1965, L.E. Peña, 1 (FMNH).
Geographic distribution. Chile (Coquimbo Region, El Temblador to La Serena), in the Coquimbo biogeo-
graphic province.
Praocis (Praocis) tibialis Gay & Solier, 1840
(Figs. 25, 30)
Praocis tibialis Gay & Solier in Solier, 1840: 225 (rev.); Solier, 1851: 193 (rev.); Lacordaire, 1859: 213; Gemminger & Harold,
1870: 1906 (cat.); Philippi, 1887: 733 (cat.); Gebien, 1910: 262 (cat.); Gebien, 1938: 398 (cat.); Blackwelder, 1945: 523
(cat.); Kulzer, 1958: 24 (rev.); Peña, 1966: 430 (cat.); Vidal & Guerrero, 2007: 73; Flores, 2007: 411 (lectot.).
Praocis rufitarsis Gay & Solier in Solier, 1840: 227 (rev.); Solier, 1851: 194 (rev.); Lacordaire, 1859: 213; Gemminger &
Harold, 1870: 1906 (cat.); Philippi, 1887: 732 (cat.); Gebien, 1910: 262 (cat.); Gebien, 1938: 398 (cat.); Blackwelder,
1945: 523 (cat.); Kulzer, 1958: 22 (rev.); Peña, 1966: 430 (cat.); Vidal & Guerrero, 2007: 73; Flores, 2007: 411 (syn. &
lectot.). Synonymy by Flores, 2007: 411.
Praocis aenipennis Germain, 1855: 400; Philippi, 1887: 731 (cat.); Gebien, 1938: 398 (cat.); Kulzer, 1958: 24 (syn.); Peña,
1966: 430 (cat.); Flores, 2007: 411 (type). Synonymy by Kulzer, 1958: 24.
Redescription. Length 6.0–11.0 mm. Body black to dark brown, antennae and legs dark brown. Head. Clypeus and
frons with round punctures each with a central seta; antennae reaching 3/4 along lateral margin of pronotum; anten-
nomere 9 longer than wide, with apical tomentose sensory patches arranged in two areas separated dorsally; antennom-
ere 10 as wide as antennomere 11. Thorax. Pronotum widest behind midpoint; disc and lateral quarters with finer
golden setae; punctures of disc same size as punctures of elytron; width of anterior margin exceeding half the width
of posterior margin; lateral quarters convex, dorsal surface of lateral margin bearing a row of short golden setae; pos-
terior angles right, apex rounded (Fig. 25); prosternum horizontal, with edge on anterior margin broadened below
gula; prosternal process produced backwards, not reaching the midpoint of the space between pro– and mesocoxae (as
in Fig. 13); prosternum and mesosternum with punctures. Elytron lacking grooves, with two or three carinae weakly
defined, equidistant between suture and lateral margin (Fig. 25); dorsal surface with short golden setae; pseudopleu-
ron with long setae arising on punctures; epipleuron with short setae arising on protuberances, lacking a row of setae
on the edge of anterior quarter. Legs. Ventral surface of meso– and metafemora with a row of setae on posterior

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REVISION OF GENUS PRAOCIS. PART 1: SUBGENUS PRAOCIS
edge. Inner surface of meso– and metatibiae with long, fine setae. Metatibiae straight. Male genitalia. Rods of
sterna IX “V”-shaped. Basal lamina of tegmen equal width throughout, with base concave. Lateral styles of tegmen
with proximal margin ventrally concave, widest at base, with abundant setae on distal third of ventral surface.
Median lobe moderate (0.75 < L/T ≤ 1.00), distally broadened, with apical aperture large and apex rounded. Female
genitalia. Paraprocts moderate (1.2 P/C ≤ 2.0); baculi of coxite inclined 45°; proctigeral baculus extending proximad
much beyond paraproct baculus; apicodorsal lobe of proctiger extending about ½ length of coxite.
Type material. Lectotype of Praocis tibialis: [tibialis] [Praocis/ tibialis/ Sol./ Illapel] [P. tibialis G. S ./ Sta.
Rosa Illapel] [Type] [Praocis/ tibialis Solier/ Type de Solier/ Col. Marseul/ C. Girard det. 1975] [Lectotypus/ Prao-
cis tibialis/ Gay et Solier, 1840/ Des. G. Flores 2005] (MNHN). One paralectotype same data as lectotype, plus a
label: [tibialis Sol. 225, 8 Coquimbo] below the label [Type] (MNHN).
Note: Flores (2007: 411) designated lectotype.
Lectotype of Praocis rufitarsis: [rufitarsis] [Praocis/ rufitarsis/ Sol./ Illapel] [Illapel/ Gay] [Type] [Praocis/
rufitarsis Sol./ Type de Solier/ Col. Marseul/ C. Girard det. 1975] [Lectotypus/ Praocis rufitarsis/ Gay et Solier,
1840/ Des. G. Flores 2005] (MNHN). Three paralectotypes same data as lectotype, one plus a label: [P. rufitarsis
Gay/ et Sol. Illapel] and one of the others plus two labels: [Sa Rosa/ Gay] and [P. rufitarsis Sol./ Illapel] (MNHN).
Note: Flores (2007: 411) designated lectotype.
Syntype of Praocis aenipennis: [Praocis/ aenipennis/ Germain/ Chili] [Chili/ Germain] [Praocis/ aenipennis/
P. G (handwritten by Germain)] [Praocis/ tibialis Sol./ (= aenipennis Germ.)/ det. H. Kulzer 1957] (MNHN).
Note: This specimen agrees with the description by Germain (1855), and we have no doubt that the label´s
handwriting belongs to Germain. Therefore we conclude that this specimen is a syntype of Praocis aenipennis.
Kulzer (1958) stated that the type of P. aenipennis is in the MNNC, but currently is not there (Camousseight 1980
and pers. obs.).
Other material examined. CHILE. Coquimbo Region: Elqui Province: Totoralillo Norte, 21.viii.2009, J.
Pizarro-Araya, 1 (LEULS), Llano La Higuera, 29.ix.1980, L.E. Peña, 1 (FMNH), El Molle, x.1958, L.E. Peña, 1
(FMNH), Lengua de Vaca, xi.1978, J. Escobar, 3 (FMNH). Limarí Province: Talinay, 20.ix.1947, L.E. Peña, 2
(FMNH), 19.x.2003, J. Pizarro-Araya, 1 (IADIZA), J. Pizarro-Araya, 1 (LEULS), 13.x.1976, C. Vivar, 5 (MNNC),
19.x.2003, J. Pizarro-Araya, 1 (IADIZA), xi.1978, J. Escobar, 1 (FMNH), Quebrada Los Maitenes, N Amolanas,
28.ix.1980, L.E. Peña, 1 (FMNH), Socos, 8.x.1974, L.E. Peña, 2 (FMNH), 15. xi.2003, 30º 44´S, 71º 31`W, 200
msl, J. Pizarro-Araya 10 (LEULS), 22. xi.2003, J. Pizarro-Araya 1 (LEULS), 27.xi.2003, J. Pizarro-Araya 2
(LEULS). Choapa Province: Hda. Illapel, J. Irarrázabal, 1 (FMNH), La Higuerilla, Salamanca, 18.ix.2007. A. Gon-
zalez 3 (LEULS), 1 (IADIZA), Huaquilón, San Lorenzo, 24.ix.1982, L.E. Peña, 1 (FMNH), Puerto Manso,
18.ix.1967, L.E. Peña, 1 (FMNH), Majada Blanca, Punitaqui, 9.X.2005, J. Pizarro-Araya 3 (LEULS), S Punitaqui,
7.x.1961, L.E. Peña, 1 (FMNH), 6 km E Quilimari, 25.xi.1967, L.E. Peña, 2 (FMNH), 2 (IADIZA), Choapa, km
272 Panam. Norte, 24.ix.1985, M. Elgueta, 3 (MNNC), Camino a Mincha, 27.x.1965, L.E. Peña, 1 (FMNH),
Puerto Oscuro, 18–28.ix.1947, L.E. Peña, 1 (FMNH), 2.ix.1983, A. Roig, 1 (IADIZA), 23.ix.2004, J. Pizarro-
Araya, 2 (IADIZA), 23.ix.2004, J. Pizarro-Araya, 1 (LEULS), Huilmo, 22.ix.1982, L.E. Peña, 1 (FMNH), Hua-
quén a Los Molles, 17.xi.1972, L.E. Peña, 1 (FMNH), Los Molles, 22.x.1961, L.E. Peña, 1 (FMNH), 2.x.1963,
Col. Escuela de Biología, 1 (FMNH), without more precise data: 15 (MNNC).
Geographic distribution. Chile (Coquimbo Region, Coquimbo to Los Molles), in the Coquimbo biogeo-
graphic province.
Praocis (Praocis) parva Gay & Solier, 1840
(Figs. 26, 30)
Praocis parva Gay & Solier in Solier, 1840: 232 (rev.); Solier, 1851: 194 (rev.); Lacordaire, 1859: 213; Gemminger & Harold,
1870: 1905 (cat.); Philippi, 1887: 732 (cat.); Gebien, 1910: 261 (cat.); Gebien, 1938: 399 (cat.); Blackwelder, 1945: 523
(cat.); Kulzer, 1958: 23 (rev.); Peña, 1966: 430 (cat.); Vidal & Guerrero, 2007: 73; Flores, 2007: 417 (lectot.).
Redescription. Length 7.0 mm. Body, antennae and legs dark brown. Head. Clypeus and frons with round punc-
tures each with a central seta; antennae reaching 3/4 along lateral margin of pronotum; antennomere 9 longer than
wide, with apical tomentose sensory patches arranged in two areas separated dorsally; antennomere 10 as wide as
antennomere 11. Thorax. Pronotum widest behind midpoint; disc and lateral quarters with fine golden setae; punc-

FLORES & PIZARRO-ARAYA
32 · Zootaxa 3336 © 2012 Magnolia Press
tures of disc same size as punctures of elytron; width of anterior margin exceeding half the width of posterior margin;
lateral quarters convex, dorsal surface of lateral margin bearing a row of short golden setae; posterior angles right,
apex rounded (Fig. 26); prosternum horizontal, with edge on anterior margin broadened below gula; prosternal proc-
ess produced backwards, not reaching the midpoint of the space between pro– and mesocoxae (as in Fig. 13);
prosternum and mesosternum with punctures. Elytron lacking grooves, with two carinae weakly defined, equidis-
tant between suture and lateral margin (Fig. 26); dorsal surface with short golden setae; pseudopleuron with long
setae arising on punctures; epipleuron with short setae arising on protuberances, lacking a row of setae on the edge of
anterior quarter. Legs. Ventral surface of meso– and metafemora with a row of setae on posterior edge. Inner surface
of meso– and metatibiae with long, fine setae. Metatibiae straight. Male genitalia. Rods of sterna IX close to each
other at basal third. Basal lamina of tegmen equal width throughout, with base concave. Lateral styles of tegmen
with proximal margin “inverted V”-shaped ventrally, widest at base, with sparse setae on distal 1/5 of ventral sur-
face. Median lobe moderate (0.75 < L/T ≤ 1.00), narrowed in pre-distal quarter and distally broadened, with apical
aperture large and apex rounded. Female: unknown.
Type material. Lectotype: [parva] [Praocis/ parva Sol./ Coquimbo] [P. parva Gay et/ Sol. Coquimbo] [Type]
[Praocis/ parva Sol./ Type de Solier/ Col. Marseul/ C. Girard det. 1975] [Lectotypus/ Praocis parva/ Gay et Solier,
1840/ Des. G. Flores 2005] (MNHN). Three paralectotypes same data as lectotype except the third label, one plus two
labels: [Coquimbo/ Gay] and [parva Sol. Gay 232, 17 Chili] below the label [Type] and one of the others plus two
labels: [Museum Paris/ Coll. Solier/ Coll. Marseul 1890] and [Praocis/ parva Sol./ det. H. Kulzer 1957] below the
label [Type] (MNHN).
Note: Flores (2007: 417) designated lectotype and paralectotypes.
Other material examined. CHILE. Region IV: La Serena, 22.ix.1999, M. Guerrero, 1 (MNNC).
Geographic distribution. Chile (Coquimbo Region, La Serena), in the Coquimbo biogeographic province.
Species assigned to Praocis s. str. but not examined
Praocis bicostata Philippi & Philippi, 1864
Praocis bicostata Philippi & Philippi, 1864: 341; Gemminger & Harold, 1870: 1905 (cat.); Philippi, 1887: 731 (cat.); Gebien,
1910: 260 (cat.); Gebien, 1938: 398 (cat.); Blackwelder, 1945: 522 (cat.); Kulzer, 1958: 21 (rev.); Peña, 1966: 430 (cat.);
Vidal & Guerrero, 2007: 73.
Note. Kulzer (1958) examined the unique type (female) of P. bicostata and stated that this type was in the MNNC,
but is not there currently (Camousseight 1980 and pers. obs.), nor was it in the other museums from which we bor-
rowed material. Kulzer (1958) considered this species very closely related to P. spinolai and established few differ-
ences between both (see below), possibly an atypical individual of P. spinolai, which he could not ascertain from a
single individual (the type). According to the key by Kulzer (1958), it seems that the major difference between P.
spinolai and P. bicostata is given by the number of grooves bearing scaly setae on each elytron: P. bicostata has
only one (the outer one) whereas P. s pin ola i has three or four (Fig. 22). In this revision we examined few specimens
of P. spinolai glabrous, with grooves but lacking scaly setae (LEULS, IADIZA). P. spinolai exhibits a great varia-
tion in the number of carinae and grooves with or without scaly setae but without examining the type we cannot
judge P. bicostata as synonymous with P. spi nol ai. We present the redescription of P. bicostata by Kulzer
(translated from German by Christian Maus):
“Of this species, I only know the type, a female. Very closely related to P. sp ino lai . Black with a slight metallic shine,
oval, quite strongly convex. Legs dark brown, antennae a bit lighter. Length: 12 mm, width: 7 mm. Head and prono-
tum as in P. s pi no la i, punctuation of the pronotum a bit finer. Elytra apically more rounded, largest width behind the
middle, lateral edge fine and well visible in dorsal view, evenly convex, with two very shallow and indistinct carinae
which end in front of the apex and which are merged in the first quarter of the elytron and thus do not reach its base.
The inner carina is more distant from the suture than in P. sp in ol ai . The lateral furrow is narrow and covered with
small, light grey scales, and is basally split until two thirds of its length. Prosternum and underside as in P. spin olai,
but slightly lighter colored. Described from Illapel. P. bicostata is very closely related to spinolai, possibly even an
atypical individual of that species, which I cannot assert from the single individual available to me”.

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REVISION OF GENUS PRAOCIS. PART 1: SUBGENUS PRAOCIS
Acknowledgements
We acknowledge curators for the loan of type and non type material. Luis E. Acosta for translating the Kulzer´s key
from German; Christian Maus for translating the Kulzer´s description of Praocis bicostata from German; Nelly
Horak for correction of the English language; Mariana Chani Posse for suggestions improving the manuscript;
Alex Cea (Laboratorio de Ecología Vegetal, Universidad de La Serena) for providing botanical assistance; Susana
Graciela Farías, Remedios Marin and Rodrigo Castillo for help with the artwork; Daniel Bari for help with the
SEM's and two reviewers (Kirby W. Brown and one anonymous) for suggestions for improving this paper. This
study was supported by the Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET, Argentina), by
a grant PIP 112-200801-00162 (CONICET, Argentina) and by a grant of the BBVA Foundation, Spain: “Design of
a reserve network for protection of biodiversity in Southern South America using predictive distribution models
with hyperdiverse taxa”(GEF), and by the project DIULS PR 11101 of the Universidad de La Serena, La Serena,
Chile (JPA).
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