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Color and Light in Man-Made Environments
... The colors examined in this study have been popular with researchers. Kwallek et al., as well as Mahnke & Mahnke attributed lower levels of anxiety to blue than other colors [6,7]. Hemphil associated it with calmness and serenity in a 1996 study [8,9], while Soldat et al. in 1997 related blue with sadness [10]. ...
... Green, the color of nature, was also associated with lower anxiety levels according to [6,7]. It is no surprise that Hemphil associated it with the environment in 1996 [8]. ...
... Yellow is considered to have increased levels of anxiety according to Kwallek et al. [6] and Mahnke & Mahnke [7]. Hemphil related it with the sun in his 1996 study [8], in addition to Ballest's categorization of yellow as a warm color and its association with activity and stimulation [9,11,29]. ...
... At the same time it will sense green color, and works in full capacity. The important thing to notice is that this effect is not permanent, but the color spot looks floating in front of the eye, which will be disturbed by that thing, which comes from staring at matters of the same color (Mahnke & Mahnke, 1993). ...
... The distant phenomenon and the concept of color integration are considered a physiological phenomenon use to show the importance of color integration in color design work, where integrating colors are mostly put side by side to make their effect comfortable for the spectator (Mahnke & Mahnke, 1993). The idea of integration in colors is based on the way they are organized in the color wheel, where colors are distributed on the circle diameter, and each two reciprocating colors integrating if mixing them produce a neutral gray color. ...
... In the past the operation rooms in hospitals used to be painted white; and so where the clothes of doctors and patients. The distance phenomenon used to confuse the vision by staring on the red color of blood, then turning to the surrounding white color, so that green color looks disturbing to the spectator, as a distance image of the red color of blood (Mahnke & Mahnke, 1993). ...
... There should be two or more of the deliverables (Receptors) differ in their impact positive lengths that make up visible light. Thus, the color does not create subjective and objective impressions but affect our assessment and our perception of time, size, weight, heat and noise, if you can achieve good vision and catching colors for what they are relying on day-lighting [7]. ...
... The color red seems to be more of the blue ,brighter lighting ,while blue has more shine in the light and dark. This phenomenon is named after the discoverer of the world [7]. ...
... It may be noted that the phenomenon of simultaneous contrast between the two colors of complementary or integrated happens through a simple experiment by taking gray and surrounding it with a red background colored box .We note that the color gray has become a distortion of the green color (color CMOS red color). Contrast is the difference in the optical properties that make the picture elements to distinguish between the different elements by the difference in color and lighting [7]. ...
... People often heard someone proclaim to hate green or love blue and if asked why, an objective answer would hardly be forthcoming. This was because how people experiencing colour was made up of the interrelationships among all the levels of the pyramid, which included both the unconscious and the conscious (Mahnke and Mahnke, 1993;Mahnke, 1996;Holtzchue, 2002). ...
... Physiological and Psychological Effects of Colour According to Mahnke and Mahnke (1993), colour -which was created by light -was therefore a form of energy. This energy affected body function just as it influenced mind and emotion. ...
... Red was often associated with many things. It was positively associated with love, luck, passion, sexiness, festivity, important, compassionate (Feisner, 2001), courage (Guild, 1992), and warmth (Danger, 1968;Mahnke and Mahnke, 1993). However, its aggressive masculine nature was also linked with combat, dominance, war, rebellion (Mahnke and Mahnke, 1993), revolution , anarchy, prostitution, danger, fire, and bureaucracy (Feisner, 2001). ...
Colour pervades every aspect of people’s lives, as it is manifested in every single object in the environment. Colour defines the world, for nothing has meaning without colour. The Restaurant industry is among many industries that can be benefited with the effective use of colour. When people eat out, they seek more than just good food. They want a meal experience which includes both tangible and intangible aspects. Food and drink fall into tangible aspect when service, atmosphere, and mood are some of the intangible aspects in ones’ meal experience. Atmosphere contributes a great deal to the whole meal experience. Together with other aspects such as design, music, lighting, and temperature, colour makes the atmosphere of restaurant. The appropriate use of colour is known to have major impact on the atmosphere. Designing a colour scheme requires careful consideration since different people have different tastes. However there is no theoretical and empirical knowledge regarding what the role of colour and how the use of
colour is in the Jakarta urban area’s restaurant. Therefore to evaluate the importance of colour towards customer’s patronage and its effectiveness used in a restaurant should be taken into consideration in creating the best atmosphere that can influence their appetite and food consumption. Semi-structured and in-depth interviews have been taken onto young people aged 19-25 around Jakarta urban area that represents a customer group of the restaurant industry. The findings reveal that restaurateurs should take into account the use of white, green (especially soft green) and blues as the predominant colour; these are the colour that young people like best for restaurant surroundings. In Addition, principles of colours harmonies and combinations should also be applied, because basically, colour monotony is not an option. The intelligent use of colour prevails over the intuitive one.
Key Words: Restaurant, Eating Out, Colour
... There should be two or more of the deliverables (Receptors) differ in their impact positive lengths that make up visible light. Thus, the color does not create subjective and objective impressions but affect our assessment and our perception of time, size, weight, heat and noise, if you can achieve good vision and catching colors for what they are relying on day-lighting [7]. ...
... The color red seems to be more of the blue ,brighter lighting ,while blue has more shine in the light and dark. This phenomenon is named after the discoverer of the world [7]. ...
... It may be noted that the phenomenon of simultaneous contrast between the two colors of complementary or integrated happens through a simple experiment by taking gray and surrounding it with a red background colored box .We note that the color gray has become a distortion of the green color (color CMOS red color). Contrast is the difference in the optical properties that make the picture elements to distinguish between the different elements by the difference in color and lighting [7]. From the above tables, the results of the statistical measures indicated that the characteristics of the images that were hidden in them replaced with one bit of each pixel is the closest to the original image statistics before hiding. ...
The host medium for the secret message is one of the important principles for the designers of steganography method. In this study, the best color image was studied to carrying any secret image.The steganography approach based Lifting Wavelet Transform (LWT) and Least Significant Bits (LSBs) substitution. The proposed method offers lossless and unnoticeable changes in the contrast carrier color image and imperceptible by human visual system (HVS), especially the host images which was captured in dark lighting conditions. The aim of the study was to study the process of masking the data in colored images with different light intensities. The effect of the masking process was examined on the images that are classified by a minimum distance and the amount of noise and distortion in the image. The histogram and statistical characteristics of the cover image the results showed the efficient use of images taken with different light intensities in hiding data using the least important bit substitution method. This method succeeded in concealing textual data without distorting the original image (low light) Lire developments due to the concealment process.The digital image segmentation technique was used to distinguish small areas with masking. The result is that smooth homogeneous areas are less affected as a result of hiding comparing with high light areas. It is possible to use dark color images to send any secret message between two persons for the purpose of secret communication with good security.
... Color rendering, or the ability of a light source to illuminate the true color of an object, is among the considerations in lighting design for NICUs. For example, a caregiver in the NICU must be able to perceive the yellowed tone of an infant's skin to properly diagnose jaundice (Rizzo et al., 2010), and blue light has been suggested for intensive care units or nurseries for newborn infants with jaundice or high levels of bilirubin (Birren, 1978;Mahnke, 1996;Mahnke and Mahnke, 1987;Malkin, 1982). Beyond the clear medical implications of color fidelity in NICUs, many people also find the distortion effect that can occur with light sources that have low color rendering properties unpleasant (Houser et al., 2016), which can impact overall satisfaction with the space. ...
... Strong colors are recommended to encourage activity while softer tones are recommended for recovery. Bosch et al. (2012); Graham (1978); Marberry & Zagon (1995); and Rollins (2011) (continued) Graham (1978); Mahnke (1996); Mahnke & Mahnke (1987); Malkin (1982); Martin (1992); and Torrice (1989) (continued) environmental experience that benefits from attention. Additionally, focusing on blood might have made us more aware of the need to address injuries. ...
Purpose:
The appropriate use of color in healthcare settings has been a topic of interest for designers and researchers, and the need for evidence-based standards evident. The purpose of this article is to summarize recent research on color as applicable to neonatal intensive care units and to propose standards for color in these settings.
Background:
Research on this topic is limited due to difficulties associated with constructing research protocols, challenges in setting parameters for the independent variable (color), and the need to simultaneously address infants, families, and caregivers.
Methods:
For our literature review, the following research question was developed: Does the use of color in the design of the neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) impact health outcomes in newborn infants, families, and/or staff? Using Arksey and O'Malley's framework for conducting a structured literature review, we (1) identified the research question, (2) identified relevant studies, (3) selected studies, and (4) collated and summarized the results. Only four papers were found regarding NICUs, so the search was expanded to include related healthcare and authors reporting on best practice.
Results:
Overall, the primary research focused on behavioral or physiological outcomes including the role of wayfinding and art, the impact of lighting on color, and tools for evaluating the impact of color. Best practice recommendations sometimes reflected the primary research but occasionally provided contradictory advice.
Conclusions:
Based on the reviewed literature, five topics are addressed: palette malleability; the use of the primary colors, blue, red, and yellow; and the relationship between light and color.
... ISBN: 978-1-63248-156-6 doi: 10.15224/978-1-63248-156-6-17 (1983) further stated that color could affect the emotion and feeling. Mahnke & Mahnke, (1947) also pointed out that the effect of hue on physical environment were based on the material, texture, and duration, which brought up a deeper question of defining psychological effect associated with color and experience. ...
... Unexpectedly, achromatic colors (white and black) got the highest mean scores in the test. This result completely overthrew the theory proposed by Mahnke and Mahnke (1947) that achromatic colors were considered as boring and not attractive in indoor space. After all, color in dining environment was proven to have impact on appetite sensation in this study. ...
... Color can be recognized by the human body not only through visual senses but also through the skin by the absorption of the color wave [20]. The colors that have a calming and relaxing effect are green and blue [21]. This is supported by Logan Clarke and Appleby (2009) who stated that the green color may help in reducing stress, and the blue color may give calming, relaxing, and curing effect [22]. ...
... Green and blue colors may give calming effect as its character as calming, safe, and comfortable color [21], [22] Suggestions for supporting the calming function of a Quiet Room ...
This paper proposes the idea of optimizing visual sensory comfort in a quiet room for autistic users. Previous studies had proved that most individuals with autism spectrum disorder have unique sensory sensitivity and may perceive sensory stimulation differently. Maladaptive behavior and emotion are often shown by autistic individuals due to sensory discomfort, which leads them to have more difficulties in daily activities. This paper argues that visual-sensory-based design intervention for a quiet room has the potential to reduce maladaptive behavior and emotion in individuals with an autism spectrum disorder. The design interventions were developed by reviewing several studies about visual comfort in general, visual comfort for autistic users, and the quiet room itself. This review emphasized three aspects of strategies for an effective visual-sensory-based quiet room; (1) accommodating the most possible visual comfort for autistic users, (2) providing the calming function of the quiet room itself, and (3) ensuring safety by minimizing physical hazard in the room. A list of visual-sensory-based intervention strategies for autistic users is provided as a result. The strategies are not only focused on visual comfort for autistic users, but also the functionality and security factors of the quiet room. As a conclusion, adjusting a quiet room with visual-sensory-based design intervention is expected to be able to help autistic users in releasing the occurring maladaptive behavior and emotion, especially while they are in a stressful environment such as school or other crowded public space. Moreover, reduced disturbing behavior and emotion may give individuals with autism spectrum disorder more opportunity to live and grow to their maximum potential.
... In classrooms where students face one direction, having the front wall different from side and back walls is said to reduce eyestrain for students by helping the eye relax as students look up from a task. This arrangement also relieves fatigue and over-stimulation and draws the attention to the front of the room where the teacher stands and the chalkboard or the whiteboard is mounted (Engelbrecht, 2003;Mahnke & Mahnke, 1987;Mahnke, 1996;Sherwin Williams, 2013). ...
... This study may be a contribution to findings indicating color as one of the most important design parameters for classrooms (Barrett et al., 2013). The findings of this study are parallel to the remarks of several authors who discuss the importance of a different colored main activity wall in classrooms, stating that it reduces eyestrain, relieves fatigue and over-stimulation and draws the attention to the front of the classroom (Engelbrecht, 2003;Mahnke, 1996;Mahnke & Mahnke, 1987). Furthermore, this study adds to the literature which states that the ADHD population is susceptible to color and show improvements in academic performance with color ( Imhof, 2004;Iovino et al., 1998;Zentall, 1986;Zentall & Zentall, 1983;Zentall & Shaw, 1980;Zentall, Falkenberg, & Smith, 1985). ...
... Considering that color is always present in our environment, it can be mentioned that color constantly provides us with information and facilitates communication. According to the extensive research that has been conducted to investigate the emotional responses triggered by different colors, it is safe to say that various colors elicit distinct information and have the potential to impact us both psychologically and physically (Mahnke & Mahnke, 1987). However, various contexts awaken different emotions and cognitions in humans. ...
There are several factors that affect the way museums and exhibitions are perceived. The intensity and type of artificial lighting, color, the distance between the light source and the artwork, and external factors like sound, odor etc. are some of them. In this thesis study, the impact of artificial lighting and color usage in museums is the focus of study. The second floor of Abdürrahim TUNCAK Atatürk House Museum at Baskent University campus is used as a case study. The aim of this study is to analyze the artificial lighting – by measuring lighting level – and color of four exhibition rooms of Abdürrahim TUNCAK Atatürk House Museum and propose an alternative model to achieve optimum conditions. This is done by dividing the study into theoretical and design phases. By using DIALux software, a new model is proposed. Achieving a safe lighting design for the work of arts and keeping the visual comfort and visitor experience for optimum human perception at the maximum level, simultaneously, is a challenging task. Maximizing visitors’ focus of attention, visiting time, visual comfort, and minimizing over-illumination and undesired glare are the main considered design strategies during the design phase of the study. Finally, a brief general guideline which can be used in similar types of museums, and possible suggestions for future studies are suggested.
KEYWORDS: artificial lighting in museums, color usage in museums, visual comfort, lighting level in museums
... Nel 2000 fu il turno del Giappone mentre nel 2011 sono stati attivati i primi seminari italiani per progettisti del colore, a cura di IACC Italia, sotto la guida di Massimo Caiazzo, docente di cromatologia e color designer, già allievo del celebre architetto e designer italiano Alessandro Mendini. L'approccio divulgativo di IACC, di cui Frank Mahnke è stato il principale interprete, si basa sull'assunto che pensare al colore come mera decorazione o alla possibilità di utilizzarlo nella progettazione degli ambienti affidandosi all'interpretazione personale o alle mode è assolutamente controproducente per l'essere umano (Mahnke, 1996;Mahnke & Mahnke, 1987). Da qui, la necessità di una corretta integrazione del colore negli ecosistemi abitativi e di un'educazione competente sui temi della progettazione cromatica, assieme a percorsi di formazione qualificati (Botti & Caiazzo, 2021). ...
Nel nostro Paese, storicamente caratterizzato da una forte presenza del Terzo Settore e dell’associazionismo, si sono fatte strada nuove modalità di racconto e divulgazione del sapere scientifico. In una prospettiva pedagogica ed educativa, tali modalità si configurano come potenziali sostrati generativi, sia dal punto di vista culturale (trasmissione “dal basso”) sia da quello relazionale (dimensione comunitaria e partecipativa). Il presente contributo intende riflettere sul tema della divulgazione prendendo in esame un caso concreto di esperienza associativa. Si tratta di IACC Italia, branch di International Association of Color Consultants. Attiva dal 2009 nel campo della ricerca, della formazione e della progettazione del colore per il recupero di un rapporto armonico tra uomo, ambiente e territorio, IACC Italia, oggi Ente del Terzo Settore, rappresenta un esempio virtuoso di laboratorio per lo sviluppo del ragionamento critico nella società complessa.
... Hal ini dapat menjadi faktor yang membuat responden semakin percaya dengan produk Bodrex karena obatnya terlindungi dengan baik. Secara psikologis warna merah yang mendominasi juga menimbulkan efek yang positif seperti exciting (bright red), stimulatif, kuat, hangat, dan aktif (Mahnke, 1993). Warna merah pada kemasan obat sakit kepala juga dapat mengasosiasikan bahwa obat tersebut dapat bekerja cepat. ...
The interaction between consumer and product packaging design is a process of meaning which is involves vision and thought processes that influenced by knowledge, references, experience, and cultural backgrounds. Packaging products have an important role as dealing directly with prospective buyers and consumers and become the first experience with the product. Especially packaging for drugs, that are not only to attract consumers but also must meet safety standards for consumers to consume the drug. The purpose of this study to discover the facts of how consumers perceive packaging design and its influence on purchasing decisions and verify the trust level of the product. This research will use quantitative methods with semantic approach and using questionnaire to collecting data. Questions in the questionnaire using two scales measuring, Likert scale to measure respondent’s psychometric factors. The expected outcome of this research is the acquisition of a formulation headache medicine packaging design that maximizes consumer confidence in the usefulness of the drug without prejudice to the safety of consumers when consumed.
... These findings match the results from all prioritized demographics (See Figure 6). This is also aligned with our findings from our first study [15], and previous literature, where red had been repeatedly associated with activity and stimulation, and increased levels of anxiety and excitement [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. ...
Colors influence our daily perceptions and expectations that manifest in a variety of ways. This research has three main objectives: to demonstrate the relationship between the colors of pills and their expected efficacies, to test this effect on a wide variety of demographics, thereby demonstrating their influence on choices made by participants. Finally, to understand the reasoning behind the choices made by participants, and the color associations exhibited. The results of a series of surveys showed clear similarities and differences across various demographics. The strongest and most consistent color associations were those of white with pain relief and red with stimulant efficacies. The color associations found were red with aggression and power, blue with calmness and serenity, white with calm and purity, yellow with energy, and green with environment and health. The findings of this study can help pharmaceutical companies, and medical practitioners, to better make, market, and prescribe pills, depending on the geographical location, ethnicity, and age group of the patient. This may also strengthen the perceived effects of the pills on patients overall by increasing their compliance rates.
... Because color vision takes place under relatively high brightness conditions, any discussion of color needs to simultaneously address light (Jones, 1972;Mahnke and Mahnke, 1987;Birren, 1988;Crone, 1999). "Color is not an inherent characteristic of surfaces. ...
The purpose of this study was to review the literature on color in healthcare environments in order to separate among common myths and realities in the research and application
of color in healthcare design. Utilizing online searches of existing bibliographies and databases in multiple disciplines, we reviewed more than 3000 citations to identify theories, which could have had supportable design implications for the use of color in healthcare design. We sought to determine which issues and concepts in the literature might contribute to the knowledge of architects, interior designers, researchers, healthcare providers, and users of healthcare environments.
... Yellow stimuli are most pleasing, while those in red are negatively rated. Mahnke and Mahnke (1993) found that people exposed to red color reported higher levels of anxiety than when they are exposed to blue or green. It is possible that red stimuli that cannot be associated with real objects, affect the way described by the authors and are therefore negatively evaluated. ...
Perfectionism, operationalized by the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale, consists of 6 factors: Concern over Mistakes, Organization, Parental Expectations, Personal Standards, Doubts about Actions, and Parental Criticism. The study aims to examine the predictor contribution of perfectionism factors to the occurrence of anxiety. The sample consisted of 189 subjects (37% with an anxiety disorder), aged 38 ± 9.3. The results revealed that only 2 predictors make a significant independent contribution (Concern over Mistakes and Doubts about Actions). The characteristics of anxious people are negative thoughts and preoccupation with oneself, reflected in Concern over Mistakes and Doubts about Actions. The results suggest that the influence of significant others isn't significant predictor to the onset of anxiety. These results imply that in psychotherapy, we should focus on the client's negative thoughts, self-confidence, and acceptance of his mistakes.
... Yellow stimuli are most pleasing, while those in red are negatively rated. Mahnke and Mahnke (1993) found that people exposed to red color reported higher levels of anxiety than when they are exposed to blue or green. It is possible that red stimuli that cannot be associated with real objects, affect the way described by the authors and are therefore negatively evaluated. ...
How adolescents spend their leisure time has proven to be important for their well-being. The aim of this work was to determine if there are connections between certain patterns of leisure time behaviors and specific aspects of well-being. The sample included 1358 secondary school students. Seven leisure time patterns were extracted and latent variables interpreted as an orientation towards Pop Culture, Culture/Art/Music,
Films/TV-Shows/Internet, Science/ Politics, Information Technologies, Going Out, and Sports. Well-being scales include the following five aspects: Engagement (E),
Perseverance (P), Optimism (O), Connectedness (C), and Happiness (H).
... Yellow stimuli are most pleasing, while those in red are negatively rated. Mahnke and Mahnke (1993) found that people exposed to red color reported higher levels of anxiety than when they are exposed to blue or green. It is possible that red stimuli that cannot be associated with real objects, affect the way described by the authors and are therefore negatively evaluated. ...
Perfectionism, operationalized by the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale, consists of 6 factors: Concern over Mistakes, Organization, Parental Expectations, Personal Standards, Doubts about Actions, and Parental Criticism. The study aims to examine the predictor contribution of perfectionism factors to the occurrence of anxiety. The sample consisted of 189 subjects (37% with an anxiety disorder), aged 38 ± 9.3. The results revealed that only 2 predictors make a significant independent contribution (Concern over Mistakes and Doubts about Actions). The characteristics of anxious people are negative thoughts and preoccupation with oneself, reflected in Concern over Mistakes and Doubts about Actions. The results suggest that the influence of significant others isn't significant predictor to the onset of anxiety. These results imply that in psychotherapy, we should focus on the client's negative thoughts, self-confidence, and acceptance of his mistakes.
... However, the copious studies which investigated light and colour have produced complex and sometimes conflicting results. Colour is able to influence the perception of size, crowding, temperature and time (Mahnke & Mahnke, 1987;Yüksel, 2009). Different types of lighting can influence perception in different ways. ...
The Artistic goods represent a priceless asset of our cultural patrimony since they play a crucial role in defining and understanding the identity of communities. Nevertheless, they are not always adequately protected against possible dangers and hazards or the effects of time. In these last decades, the new technologies - such as the digital control, the 3D reconstructions etc. - have experienced great developments even in their application to the art collections, increasing the monitoring activities, the safety checking, and their interface with the community. The ARCO 2020 Conference collected contributions from different areas for the preservation, the enhancement, and the protection of the art goods exhibited in the Museums. This volume collects the proceeding of the sessions about Design and Museum Design, Digital Heritage, Historical Research and Posters of the ARCO 2020 international conference which took place on 21-23 September 2020 in Florence, Italy, at the Dipartimento di Architettura (DiDA).
... Then they were randomly divided into three groups as the vocabularies for color matching using hue, value, and chroma respectively, and each color matching employed three words as its experimental sample. Concerning the effect of target color and background color on display result, the review of literatures implied that dark background color with light target color appears to be the best display (Bruce & Foster, 1982;Mahnke & Mahnke, 1987). Hence, the background color was dark and English words as the target were light in the experimental sample in the study. ...
This study was to investigate if three attributes of color, have a positive effect on improving the memorization of English vocabulary. Experimental design was adopted in the study, and there were 126 adults participating in the experiment. Among the participants, 26.2% were males and 73.8% were females, and the average age was 21 years old. In the experiment, participants were tested on memorizing English vocabulary under the influence of three color attributes. The results indicated that there were significant differences among different combinations of color attributes regarding the memorization of English vocabulary, and in the combinations, contrast of hue outperformed two other color attributes. In terms of subjective preference, contrast of value was participants’ favorite on the average.
... In the field of color psychology, though scholars agree with individual differences in color emotion induction (Hsiao 1995;Sharpe 1974), the common patterns of psychological effects of major hues among groups of people are also pointed out. With reference to the former researches (Birren 1984;Crozier 1996;Feisner 2001;Hilbert 1987;F. H. Mahnke and Mahnke 1987;Mella 1990), Cheng (2002) described the adventurous, arousing, passionate, sexy and exciting portrait of red; the jovial, lively and energetic peculiarity of orange; and the ominous, powerful and mighty trait of black. These are in accordance with our findings that the significant dependence between red, orange as well as black and emoti ...
As subjective artistic creations, artistic paintings carry emotion of their creators. Emotions expressed in paintings and emotion aroused in spectators by paintings are two kinds of emotions that scholars have paid attention to. Traditional studies on emotions expressed by paintings are mainly conducted from qualitative perspectives, with neither quantitative output on the emotional values of a painting, nor exploration of trends in the expression of emotion in art history. In this research we threat facial expressions in paintings as an artistic characteristics of art history and employ cognitive computation technology to identify the facial emotions in paintings and to investigate the quantitative measures of paintings from three emotion-related aspects: the spatial and temporal patterns of painting emotions in art history, the gender difference on the emotion of paintings and the color preference associated with emotions. We discovered that the emotion of happiness has a growing trend from ancient to modern times in paintings history, and men and women have different facial expressions patterns along time. As for color preference, artists with different culture backgrounds had similar association preferences between colors and emotions.
... Also, similar to us, Todorova et al. (2004) in their study of the preferences of Sapporo residents in Japan for street planting designs concluded that yellow, as a warm color, was superior to white as a neutral color, although there was no significant difference in the choice of other colors. A possible explanation for our results is that white and gray (neutral) color spaces appear boring by users, whereas spaces with warm colors like red are more appealing (Mahnke and Mahnke, 1993). Another possible explanation for our results is that warm colors, as stimulators, attracting attention and excitement; therefore, the eye tends to focus on this group of colors (Scarfone, 2010). ...
Hospital green spaces are important for the well-being and health of patients, especially in children’ hospitals, because children are usually more sensitive than other groups of the society. Therefore, knowledge of users’ preferences about the landscape design of the hospitals is important to maximize the benefits of green spaces and achieve the desired spaces. This research aimed to examine the views and preferences of the children and therapists on the effective factors in the landscape design of a children's hospital considering the age and spirits of the children during their treatment period. To pursue this aim, 60 sick children, and 60 hospital staff (therapists) evaluated 84 simulated images and responded to the questionnaires. The results showed that there were no significant differences between children’s and therapists’ preferences on the landscape of a children’s hospital. Both respondent groups preferred warm colors. Also, among the types of topiary, design styles, and types of space design, the children preferred animal shapes and cartoon characters, combinations of flowers and turf grasses in planting beds, combinations of water fountains with flower beds instead of water fountains alone. They also preferred weeping-form trees and combined furniture forms with plants. This research showed that therapists can be good representatives for obtaining children's preferences about the landscape design factors. Also, they can be used in such children’s preference studies when a direct assessment of the children’s preferences is less possible. Therefore, these results could help architects and designers to provide better-suited hospital landscapes for children.
... It serves in spatial orientation as a powerful tool used in coding, navigation, and wayfinding [2]. Color also affects patients' recovery rates by improving the quality of experiences of patients, staff, and visitors [3]. Color design can be utilized for the benefit of patients, staff, and visitors in locations mutually occupied by persons of all ages who also have varying levels of health and mobility [2,4]. ...
... People have reported to have higher level of anxiety when exposed warmer colors than cold colors like blue and green. (Kwallek, Lewis, & Robbins, 1988;Mahnke & Mahnke, 1993). In a study conducted on 98 undergraduate students it was observed that the principal hues had the largest number of positive emotional response, with the color yellow and green having lowest number of positive responses as it was associated with vomit and sickness. ...
... Colour inside classrooms stimulates student participation, helping them to maximise information retention. In particular, the tone chosen to frame the blackboard should be relaxing enough to aid attention [64]. ...
Starting out from an analysis of several meanings of resilience, this paper focuses on the interdisciplinary links that can be created between architecture and education, with the aim of building a resilience centred on the “educational” value of architecture.
The text proposes that qualified physical spaces can reinforce resilience for school complexes, helping to face the adversity of the environment, while proactively promoting positive capacities in persons in the development of their educational process, in both health and well-being.
Resilience shares with the human integral education the fact that both these values pursue a “surpassing” of the individual and of the wider collective. In that mission, architecture intentionally designed can contribute values in itself, acquiring an “educational” potential.
The paper first considers the connection between resilience and education, based on the foundations of the latter (affective awareness and action, community and sustainability). The main body studies those criteria and elements that architectural composition can contribute to design schools, and reinforce their resilience (planning, order, harmony, nature, colour or art). This includes topics such as safety and physical risk prevention, with a reflection on psychological perception. Regarding composition formal mechanisms of schools, the most suggestive projects for increased resilience are discussed: typologies in plans, geometry, modules, proportions, limits, treatment of horizontal and vertical walls, types of section and natural light, or ordering axes. The key conclusion is that architecture, properly planned, is a vital ally of resilience, by adding an “educational” value that enriches well-being and motivates learning.
... Pakr mentions three kind of color affordances: Cognitive Affordances (which can be applied in for example placement and group relevance), Sensuous Affordances (as a means for attention, visibility or readability) and, Physical Affordances (like appropriate size or the effectiveness of actions). The cognitive nature of color, despite its perceptional aspect made it as an influential design element in the physical environment [29]; moreover, color can trigger both emotional and physical responses based on one's experience [30]. The term "cognitive color" was used in a study by Derefeldt et. ...
Reaching to a destination from a starting point refers to numerous terms in environmental psychology and design. These terms are defined by researchers from various fields of studies (cartography, psychology, architecture, urban planning, etc.); Wayfinding is the term American urban planner, Kevin Lynch [1], used for denoting a process one must go through to reach the destination. He also defines the legibility of a place/environment which if a place-environment, in a coherent way and recognizable pattern, can be organized. This explanation was further developed by other experts; O’Neil [2] developed a conceptual model based on other studies [3], [4] that states physical environment features have influence on the precision of the cognitive maps, resulting in having impacts on wayfinding performance. These physical environment features can be spatial related, such as the layout or environmental configuration, or elemental related (informational, landmarks, etc.). The elemental related features of an environment can act as wayfinding cues for its subjects-users and is called wayfinding elements. Due to the prominent role of wayfinding elements in enhancing the legibility of an environment, designers intend to utilize or design these elements in a post-occupancy phase of that particular place. In other meanings, if an environment does not own spatial features of legibility, like a comprehendible and perceivable layout or setting, then the elements would be used. These elements can be thoroughly integrated into the environment, be added to the environment, or in some cases, existing elements would be manipulated in order to aid the general legibility. Color, as a psycho-physical phenomenon, has the adequate saliency to affect these elements [5] and consequently, improve or decrease the legibility of a space. The purpose of this study is the coloration of the wayfinding elements by considering the legibility of an environment, and as result some elements are designed to validate if a proper colorized wayfinding element can actually aid observer-user to accomplish wayfinding tasks. This validation will be studied theoretically as literature and empirically as a field study.
... As part of an interior design, the light design and its current applications can be optimized here by using specialized software. Considering here the new parameters inherent to the visual needs of the elderly, the use of this digital tool offers us the possibility of designing an adapted and intelligent luminous implantation [9]. ...
The spatial and luminous optimization of the living environment of the elderly is now a major problem, reflecting the growing desire to meet their needs. It‘s common to design efficient lighting environments through the use of specialized design software, using standard parameters. The design of a lighting system for elderly today shakes up these habits. It modifies the design parameters and requires specific new parameters, meeting their specific needs. This non-hypothetical and different design process was tested here through a case study in a retirement home. It will develop a type of design based on contrast of luminance against illuminance ratio, leading to the development of a guide to good practice, thanks to which the CAD had to have a substantially better performance with DIALux Evo. Expanding even further the lighting design and accuracy of details, an original approach based on MATLAB functions are demonstrated.
... Konsep warna yang diambil berasal dari spektrum bunga waru yaitu kuning-jingga-ungu tua. Karakteristik warna dapat dilihat pada Tabel 1 [9]. ...
This study investigates strategies for developing visual sensory-based quiet rooms for individuals with autism spectrum disorders to reduce maladaptive behaviours and emotions. Optimizing visual sensory comfort in a quiet room is expected to help a person relieve the maladaptive behaviours and emotions that he/she is experiencing. This laboratory-based case study was conducted through a literature review and case studies in two quiet rooms in a school as the laboratory observation. Both schools provide special education services and an inclusive education school. This study aims to provide a reference for creating spaces for autistic individuals in supporting a more inclusive and sustainable environment. A total of eight respondents (four students from each school), aged between 7-21 years old, were involved in this study. Data for the analysis was obtained by observing the physical conditions of the existing quiet room and assessing the respondents' behaviour and emotions while they were inside the room. The behaviour and emotion assessments were based on 12 active behaviours and emotions on the Aberrant Behavior Checklist-Irritability (ABC-I) instrument. Meanwhile, lighting simulations were also conducted using the software DIALux evo 8.1 to determine the rooms' lighting situation. The case studies showed that (1) most of the respondents showed response related to the ◼ 70 ◼ quiet room's visual comfort; (2) the respondents in a quiet room with less lighting contrast intensity were more likely to experience a decrease in maladaptive behaviour and emotion; and (3) one of the respondents gave more response in auditory stimulation, which showed that non-visual sensory stimulation should also be put into consideration for a quiet room design. It was concluded that visual stimulation in a quiet room might affect the users' maladaptive behaviour or emotional change. Therefore, a visual-sensory-based intervention for a quiet room potentially increases its effectiveness. Keywords: quiet room, maladaptive behaviour, and emotions, autism spectrum disorders, visual sensory, visual comfort, quiet room needs, quiet room security.
ABSTRACT:The process of interior design is effectively linked with the functionand aesthetics of the space. It is also the way of turning space from a mereexpression of material and masses into living objects through which thespace user lives the story of feeling for the art of interior design.There are factors which affect the individual’s peace and comfort; theseinclude the psychological effects of light regulation, the features of thematerial, and the choice of colors (warm or cold). Because of the im-portance of illumination and colors and their vital effect in developinginterior space and controlling the psychological and physiological com-fort of the space user, this paper has been prepared to explore the roleof utilizing light and colors in interior design of Living Rooms (in Cai-ro-Egypt) in order to support and develop the design process aimingto provide psychological, environmental and visual comfort inside thespace.The model aims to set criteria for providing illumination, both naturaland artificial and also colors, together with setting bases for the interiordesign of different spaces within the living room. A descriptive analyt-ical approach is implemented through a thorough study of colors andlighting and their effective relationship within the space of living room.Fifty prospective dwellers participated in a survey using virtual realityenvironments that presented required design bases for selected colorsand lighting groups in living rooms. The aim was to measure the physi-ological and psychological effect of the selection of colors and lightingon man.
For my thesis project I will help a local non-profit grieving center for children transform their space with murals. By researching color and imagery and how they affect children in stressful situations, informed decisions can be made on what designs would be the most beneficial in creating a safe and calm environment for children who are grieving family members. Ele’s Place, located in Burton and serving the wider Flint community, is a branch of the state-wide non-profit which offers group counseling and resources for grieving families. The Flint location opened in 2015 and is renting an old school building from a church. Because of the temporary, repurposed location there are unique challenges for this branch including investing time in art that can be moved after the lease ends, and the need to cover lockers. When working with the managing director, Amy Krug, furniture and other art that have already been donated to the organization will also influence the design choices. By working with Ele’s Place, researching an environment’s effects on children, seeking in-kind donations, and utilizing my fine-arts education, I will help Ele’s Place create a more welcoming and peaceful environment for families undergoing a stressful time of grieving and healing.
The issue of medication, health, and treatment has been always one of the most underlying and vital issues in the improvement of human life and the rate of utilizing this status is highly depended on human health in order to use desired conditions. Academic works have revealed that the better conditions are in terms of physical and mental conditions, the more the awareness of people is increased to understand the environment and to create appropriate conditions for living. Hence, this study has also investigated the way of establishment of these centers and familiarity with the process of their establishment to analyze the current patterns and the effect of the evolution on the human mind. This is a descriptive-analytical research in terms of content and has tried to use physical investigations and data collection to explain issues in a hierarchical framework to express the evolution. After analysis of the process of emergence of these centers, their impact in individual and social behavior and thoughts of people is evaluated over time and finally, a conclusion is presented through collecting the data obtained from the references. The results showed that although health centers used to be defined as attachments to different buildings at the early times, they have gained independent identity over the time and have been defined as unit buildings with certain uses due to the social needs and the advancement process of knowledge and technology. They have been advanced to an extent that some centers could be today observed for temporary residence to take medical processes in this field. Hence, the health centers have been encompassed in individual and collective opinions gradually and after a long way, so that the main medical and health activities, mental health, have faced welcoming of humans for utilization of these services in these centers.
This review identifies a common thread in the description of color-emotion associations: when colors are represented with light hues and high levels of brightness, they tend to be associated with positive emotions. Furthermore, warm colors are considered more stimulating than cold colors, which are relaxing and less exciting. The studies considered in this papers use mainly qualitative methodologies.
Colour design in mental healthcare environments is acutely significant. Sensory acuity may be impaired through age, illness, or heightened stress and anxiety. While research has played a role in the development of guidance on the use of colour in such environments, this article suggests that this tends to be followed in a dogmatic, risk‐averse manner and predominately without professional design input, leading to monotonous and under‐stimulating environments. The article reports on two case study projects by the authors, involving user participation and student volunteers. These colour design installations provide examples of practice‐led applied research within occupied healthcare facilities. The article discusses the significance of site‐specific colour design in relation to place‐making and wayfinding with reference to previous research that considers the role of colour as part of the everyday experience of all users, in contrast to an approach focused solely on the behavior of patients. It concludes that colour design knowledge developed and applied through “real world” live projects, involving students as part of their architectural education can address some of the shortcomings of laboratory or staged colour research.
The physical evidence is influential on the consumer's attitude, quality perception, and purchasing behavior. The service atmosphere within the physical evidence scope is an element that requires huge investments. Together with low‐cost small changes, the physical environment could be rendered much more attractive to the consumer. Color and light are among the elements that are suitable for these changes. This research aims to determine whether the color of light in the service atmosphere affects the customer's quality perceptions and customer satisfaction and whether this effect differs according to the color of light. To this end, the restaurant business, which has an essential place in the tourism industry, was chosen as the research experiment ambient. A total of five experiments were conducted in five ambient lighted in different colors with participants. Data were collected with 204 the form of the experiment question According to the analysis results, the perception of service quality and the level of satisfaction were higher in red and yellow‐lighted ambient than those in blue and green‐lighted ambient. In line with the results, recommendations were made to reduce the physical environment costs in the service production process in restaurants and to achieve a cleaner service production, sustainable production, and consumption through more efficient use of resources.
Highlights
• The light color in the service atmosphere affects the perceived quality and customer satisfaction.
• Perceived service quality and customer satisfaction differ according to the light color in the service atmosphere.
• By changing the light color in the service atmosphere, it is possible to increase the level of quality perception and customer satisfaction in a positive way.
• By changing the color of the light in the service environment, efficient and sustainable cleaner production can be realized with low costs.
Color plays an important role in conveying information through communication systems such as signage and electronic devices. However, people who are color‐blind often have difficulties understanding that information because most systems are designed for people who can distinguish colors. The purpose of this study is to propose color combinations for wayfinding signage in public areas that are discriminable and esthetically pleasing for people with and without color blindness. By using a simulation method, this study examined how people with color blindness perceive eight hues of red, green, blue, yellow, orange, purple, cyan, and chartreuse on the natural color system color chart. It also investigated how the current wayfinding signage in Seoul is friendly to the color blind and presented examples of color‐blind‐friendly color combinations by applying color functions and color harmony theories. This study helps people with color blindness, by offering design professionals insight into more inclusive wayfinding signage that will be of use to people with and without color blindness.
Symmetrical hospital buildings often use a colour-zoning differentiation strategy to vary the repetition and monotony of their architectural structures. However, there is scarce scientific evidence or systematized research regarding the cognitive effects of interior colour schemes applied to the entire building. The present study investigated the effect of colour schemes combined with geometric plan configurations on multidimensional spatial knowledge acquisition. In total, 192 participants navigated 12 virtual environments – combinations of three distinct geometric plans and four colour schemes of varying contrasts and hues. Generalised linear models were used to predict the effects of environmental factors (plan configurations and colour schemes) and individual factors (age, gender, sense of direction and gaming experience). The results indicated that the colour scheme significantly contributed only to landmark and route knowledge, and acquiring survey knowledge was only significantly affected by plan configuration. Women were more significantly influenced by environmental factors and men by individual factors, regardless of varied environmental attributes.
Berbagai penelitian teoritis yang bekerja dalam disiplin ilmu yang berbeda telah mengkaji secara mendalam tentang warna, sifat-sifatnya, sistem, dan hubungannya dengan psikologis manusia.Diketahui bahwa arti warna jauh lebih luas dan dalam dari konsep sekadar lapisan cat pada permukaan, atau alat dekorasi.Warna adalah elemen dasar (utama) dari sebuah desain dan yang paling ekspresif, serta arti/makna yang disampaikan oleh setiap warna, dan efek psikologis pada manusia. Fenomena yang terjadi saat ini bahwa banyak perpustakaan dan taman baca masyarakat (TBM) yang mulai menyadari desain interior menjadi daya tarik utama dalam meningkatkan kunjungan pemustaka ke perpustakaan. Tingkat kenyamanan yang diberikan perpustakaan dapat mempengaruhi persepsi pemustaka terhadap perpustakaan, sehingga memotivasi pemustaka memandang perpustakaan tidak hanya sebagai tempat pinjam meminjam buku dan membaca tetapi juga sebagai pusat relaksasi rekreasi.Pemilihan warna yang tepat merupakan salah satu aspek kajian dalam merumuskan strategi untuk meningkatkan jumlah pemustaka, pihak perpustakaan harus memilih dan menggunakan warna yang mampu memotivasi pemustaka untuk belajar dan menikmati suasana perpustakaan.Warna memiliki peran penting memunculkan citra interior ruang, dimana sarana integrasi warna yang digunakan dalam desain interior umum, furnitur, dan aksesoris, untuk pembuatan karakter perpustakaan secara keseluruhan.Banyaknya minat yang nyata terhadap “identitas sebuah ruang” melalui warna, bagaimana hal tersebut dapat menambah sifat estetika dari sebuah desain interior ruang, dalam hal ini adalah perpustakaan. Merancang desain eksterior dan interior gedung perpustakaan harus mempertimbangkan karakteristik pemustaka dari aspek usia, jenis kelamin, dan budaya sekitar, terutama keputusan bijaksana dalam memilih warna yang sesuai dengan situasi kondisi perpustakaan.
This research explores colored light from historical, scientific, and technological vantage points. Effects of colored light on the human condition are examined on multiple levels, comparing theories in physiological, psychological, and phenomenological areas of study, addressed across a broad scope of literature. The focus of this research is to gain an understanding of the effects of colored light on the human condition, and how designing with it can provide an engaging phenomenological experience which marries centuries’ old design techniques with modern technological innovations.
Children represent an important category in any society being the most important basis of its structure. Hence the society is utterly responsible for providing children with the healthiest services. Architects, planners, psychologists and sociologists have taken into account major considerations when designing the interior spaces in health institutions to help reinforce a curing environment. This is hoped to decrease pain, fear and anxiety, which in turn would enhance the feeling of security and safety in the child and fasten his cure and decrease the period of his stay in the hospital.
Stimuli play a significant role in designing the interior space of paediatric hospitals as they have a direct influence on the senses and would create the required psychological environment for medical treatment. The use of various sensory stimuli especially visual ones (light, color, artworks, signs, natural scenes …etc) would create a love relation between the child and the place and encourage movement, playing and imagination. In addition it would create a pleasant and safe environment for children to feel secure and forget their fears and pain.
The problem that the research will tackle, is limited to the scientific need to explore the role that visual stimuli play in the perception of the interior environment in paediatric hospitals. The research seeks to discover the influence of the visual stimuli to create an ideal architectural design for the future building of paediatric hospitals. Assuming that visual perception would have a positive, psychological effect on sick children which is hoped to accelerate healing.
To achieve the aim of the study, a theoretical framework has been set up first and then applied to selected architectural environments in order to verify the hypothesis adopted in this research and to infer the influence of the visual stimuli hoping to get an ideal architectural design for the future building of paediatric hospitals. The final conclusions reveal the importance of the role played by the visual stimuli: color, natural light and natural scenery as well as the presence of signs in the hospital corridors which have an effect on helping children find their way and reducing fear.The final conclusions also emphasize the importance of the role played by the surrounding environment in the treatment area, to help sick children endure pressure resulted from pain and create a suitable place where the mind, body and spirit incooperate with the hospitals environment.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of lighting environment on the work performance. Orthogonal experiments with three-factor and three-level for each factor were designed and carried out in a laboratory aiming to reveal the relationship between lighting illuminance (ILL), uniformity of illuminance (U-ILL), correlated colour temperature (CCT) and workers’ productivity. Twenty-four participants’ work performance was evaluated by subjective questionnaires, objective physiological tests, accompanied with computerized neuro-behavioural tests assessing six kinds of neuro-behavioural functions. Results illustrate that when exposed to high ILL, U-ILL and CCT environment, participants reported highest satisfaction on productivity and attention, while lowest score on stress, difficulty of conducting work and fatigue. The range value and variance analysis from neuro-behavioural tests demonstrated the appropriate level of each factor and the optimal combination. However, they varied with the type of tests illustrating that lighting conditions could influence neuro-behavioural functions differentially. The improvements of perception, learning and memory function of participants were benefited from high ILL, high U-ILL and high/medium CCT. Low ILL, low U-ILL and moderate CCT were appropriate to increase participants’ thinking and executive performance. Moreover, high quality of tear film crystallization was related to higher illuminance. The present study suggests that it is necessary to design personalized illumination environment for particular workplace.
The aim of the paper is to examine how banking groups on Polish market for corporate control manage their corporate branding in the context of mergers and acquisitions. It also identifies the factors that differentiate the used strategies. The article analyses 50 transactions carried out on the Polish market for corporate control throughout the years 2000–2016 and identifies used rebranding strategies, as well as components that influence the choice of options for rebranding. The main rebranding strategy of banking groups on the Polish market is to retain the acquiring bank name. The main factors that differentiate the used strategies are: the brand value of participants acquisitions and the nature of the investor (strategic or financial investor).
This book focuses on emerging issues in usability, interface design, human computer interaction and user experience, with a special emphasis on the research aimed at understanding human-interaction and usability issues with products, services and systems for improved experience. It covers modeling as well as innovative design concepts, with a special emphasis to user-centered design, and design for special populations, particularly the elderly. Virtual reality, digital environments, heuristic evaluation and feedback of devices’ interfaces (visual and haptic) are also among the topics covered in this book. Based on the AHFE 2017 Conference on Usability & User Experience, held on July 17-21, 2017, in Los Angeles, California, USA, the book describes new findings, research methods and user-centered evaluation approaches.
The authors review academic literature concerning the effect of environmental stimuli and architectural design on human behavior and navigation in urban environments. They find that a combination of architectural features such as building floor plans and local landmarks; environmental stimuli such as crowding, lighting and color; and user characteristics such as age, sex and socio-economic status, all impact decision making and the ability of pedestrians to navigate unfamiliar spaces. Applying these findings to the field of pedestrian planning, the authors conclude that a failure to properly account for human factors and psychology may negatively impact spatial navigability and user experiences, and that architects, urban planners, developers, and property owners/managers would benefit from incorporating existing research into common practice.
This article aims to address two aspects of lighting often treated intuitively by designers in charge of creating retail atmospheres, that is, the impact of color and light distribution, as design variables. The study comprised a controlled experiment with a repeated measure design with three directions of lighting (front, overhead, and wallwasher), as the within-subject factor and four color combinations of the walls (yellow-blue, magenta, gray, and green-magenta), as the between-group variable. The perceptual (visually) and emotional responses of 184 participants revealed the interplay between light and color on these psychological outcomes. Specifically, the results showed that the overhead direction of lighting improves the appearance of the less favored color conditions, either in terms of lack of visual complexity (monochromatic) or color itself (gray). In turn, the wallwasher lighting emphasized these attributes, differing according to visual or emotional aspects. In retailing, emotional dimensions such as activation and evaluation are desired, and they were confirmed across all the lighting and color conditions of this study. The results provide designers with certain perceptual cues regarding colors and their lighting mode to create desirable impressions and affect in retail spaces.
Healthcare and wellness industries have become more promising as the interests on healthy living increase. Not only the medical care oriented services for the patients done by medical centers but also the psychological and emotional healthgiving services for the people who are normal have been being stressed. The psychological and emotional healthgiving services should be executed in an agile and timely manner to maximize its effects. This paper aims to propose an emotion healing service spaces which are able to provide the normal people with psychological care services. To achieve the goals, we invented the tripot approach : the ubiquitous computing technology for context-aware and intelligent estimation of psychological index, LED technology to implement emotional atmosphere and wellness healthcare technology. The proposed architecture has been implemented in an actual site.
ResearchGate has not been able to resolve any references for this publication.