The sight of an airplane flying overhead typifies the laws of aerodynamics in action, and it is easy to forget that just two centuries ago, these laws were so mysterious or unknown or misunderstood as to preclude a flying machine from lifting off the ground, let alone successfully flying through the air. Ultimately, the present understanding of fluid dynamics in general and aerodynamics in
... [Show full abstract] particular is a product of intellectual thought and empirical observation that is steeped in several millennia of history. The purpose of this chapter is to give the readers of this encyclopedia some idea of how this intellectual thought evolved, what empirical observations were made, and the role played by some of the movers and shakers who helped to bring us to the current level of understanding of fluid dynamics and aerodynamics.
Keywords:
continuum;
hydrodynamics;
drag;
Bernoulli's equation;
Euler equations;
Navier–Stokes equations;
transition;
boundary layer;
Kutta-Joukowski theorem