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NATALIAKLUNKO
ŸThecurrentdevelopmentstageofglobalizationprocess
andmarketreformsintheindustrialsectorofthenational
economy requires from scientists and practitioners to
designqualitativelynewapproachestoformationofthe
strategicdevelopmentindifferenteconomybranchesfor
geopoliticalevaluationofthreatsandchallenges.
ŸTechnological backwardness in Russia increases
comparingtodevelopedcountries.
ŸThepoorparticipationofRussiaininternationalscientific
and technical exchange is explained by inconsistent
government policy on development and use of
intellectualpotential,modernizationandimprovementof
manufacturing industry competitiveness, promotion of
hightechproductsatforeignmarkets.
ŸReportedproblemsareobservedinthepharmaceutical
industry, industrialtechnological system, which is now
almost destroyed, leading to a critical level of
dependenceondrugimports.
ŸHowever,thepharmaceuticalindustryasoneofthemost
high technology industries can lead to innovation
developmentinRussia.
■ M21 ■ Pharmaceutical market ■ Innovation ■ Innovative
development ■Medicine
Theconstantavailabilityofaspecificsetofdrugsisakey
elementinthesystemofnationaldrugsafety.
However, the pharmaceutical industry is one of the most
technologyintensiveindustriesandmaybecomeoneofthe
driversofinnovationdevelopment.
The potential of the national pharmaceutical science and
industryisanimportantindicatorofthestatetoopposethe
possibilityofexternalandinternalthreats.
The country's ability to develop their own medicine is an
indicatorofeconomicdevelopmentofthestate,relyingon
aninnovativemodelofdevelopmentastheprocessofdrug
development is one of the longest and most risky in
comparisonwiththedevelopmentofinnovativeproductsin
otherindustries[6].
A global perspective of the pharmaceutical market are
determinedbythelatestachievementsinchemistry,biology
andmedicine, knowledgebased bioand nanotechnology,
as well as the development of an innovative system that
includes large pharmaceutical companies and their
environmentbyvariousformsofsmallbusinessinnovation,
whichtakeson themostriskystagesofdevelopinga new
productsandservices[1].
Despite,thefactthatinrecentyears,thestatesignificantly
increased funding for health development (including
provisionof medicines), the current state of the domestic
(the pharmaceutical market remains fragile, and in many
waysreachedacriticallevel,whichputthepharmaceutical
industry and drug supply system in the country in the
categoryoffactors,national,includingdrugsafety.
SaintPetersburgstateuniversityofeconomicsandfinance,Russia
The above problems led to the choice of topics relevant
articles.
Medicinedrugsareanintegralpartofhealthcare.Todate
pharmaceutical market one of the most civilized of
commoditymarkets.
However, the inadequacy of the health care system in
Russia makes available today unfavorable demographic
trends in the country. Fighting for his commitment to the
consumer market of pharmaceutical products is a time
consuming and lengthy process, because there is
afundamentaldifferencebetweenthemarketsofmedicines
fromanyotherconsumermarket.
Themainpurposeofthe innovationof thepharmaceutical
marketistoimprovethequalityoflife,whichistheresult
ofsustainabledevelopmentof allcomponents ofthe state
ofthestructureofthepharmaceuticalmarket.
An effective system of innovation governance
pharmaceuticalindustryisnotjustforbusinessentitiesthat
areonlycreated,butalsoforexistingones[6].
Theurgencyofthechosentopicbytheneedtointerpretand
overcomethedifficultiesencounteredinthe initialstageof
thepharmaceuticalmarket.
Thepharmaceuticalmarketinthemodernsenseoftheword
appearedinRussiaonlyintheninetiesoflastcenturyand
their dynamism can be compared only to that market
products of high technology modern electronics,
communications,computersandsoftware.
The term "innovation" was used extensively in the
transitionaleconomy of Russia as a self and to refer to
a number of related concepts: "Innovation", "innovation",
"innovativesolution",etc.
Theoretically,the general scientificmeaningofinnovation
managementas an effective component of a hierarchical
system of stewardship is reflected in many studies, both
foreign and domestic authors:: Ansoff I., Vihanskogo A.,
Volodkinoy M., Galchinskogo S., Geytsa V., Drucker P.,
Nemcova V., Ponomarenko S., Porter M., Strickland A.,
ThompsonA., Chandler A., Shershnev S., YastremskyA.
andother[2].
Topics of innovation management and investments in
variousfieldshavedevotedtheirresearchbyRussianand
foreign scientists: I. Balabanov, N. Blank, T. Dosi, P.
Drucker,P.Zavlin,Kazantsev,A.Kolesnikov,G.Krayukhin,
D. Medovnikov, M. Mintairov, B. Perkin, J. Pinnigs, E.
Popov,A.Rumyantsev,B.Santo,B.Twiss,R.Fathundinov,
Dzh.Haur,P.Jankowski,J.Shumpetr,A.Fonotov,J.Faure,
Y.Yakovetsandothers[2].
The immediate problems of planning and innovation
managementofinnovationprocessesstudiedsuchforeign
scientists: R. Adm, E. Rogers, A. King, B. Schneider, L.
Anderson,L.Briggs,J.Barnett[2].
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Evaluatingthe effectivenessof innovationmanagementis
reflected in the papers of R. Bazzela, C Valdaytseva, V.
Vlasova, E. Krylova, V. Sirotkin, William Sharpe and
others[2].
However,someproblems of implementation of innovative
pharmaceutical industry management are insufficiently
investigated.
In particular, require further consideration issues of
improvementofthefunctioningofinnovationmanagement
as an effective component of strategic management,
determine the level of innovation and improvement of
pharmaceutical companies on this basis, the existing
methodsofevaluationofinvestmentattractiveness[6].
Allocationofremainingpartsoftheabovegeneralproblem
andformationofthepurposesofArticle(problem).
Theoretical and methodological issues of priority
developmentofinnovationandtheuseofinnovationsinthe
industryneedforadjustmentsandadditionalstudies.
The purpose of the study is to develop the theoretical
aspectsof theformation ofthepharmaceutical market,as
wellas:
ŸIdentifythemaintrendsininnovativeactivityofindustrial
enterprisesinRussiaandthestrategicdirectionsofstate
regulationoftheinnovativesphere,
ŸananalysisofinnovativeactivityinRussianenterprises,
Ÿreviewthestatusandtrendsintheglobalmarketproduct
innovationinthepharmaceuticalindustry,
Ÿidentify problems in the Russian market of innovative
medicines,
Ÿjustifytheneedforasystemofstateregulationofimport
andexportofmedicinestoRussia.
The presentation of the basic material research with
complete justification of scientific results. Roots of the
Russianpharmaceutical market goesinto the drugsupply
oftheSoviet Union, which, in turn, was a kind of product
"socialistintegration,"divisionoflaborbetweencountriesof
the communist bloc. The role of the main producers of
finished dosage forms assigned Poland, Hungary, East
Germany, Yugoslavia, to a lesser extent in Bulgaria and
Czechoslovakia.
IntheUSSRconcentratedchemicalindustry,whichprovided
raw materials and semifinished product manufacturers.
Thus, the dominance of foreign manufacturers in the
domesticdrugmarketwaslaiddownoriginally.
Adversetrends in theeconomyin the lateeighties early
nineties have made a preexisting system of drug supply
economicallyuntenable:thepurchaseofmedicine abroad
wastooexpensiveforany state or citizens. The situation
wasaggravatedbythefactthatdrugpricesaredetermined
by market mechanisms, the state's role in drug provision
hasfallentoaminimum.
Atthesametime,domesticproducersofmedicineswere
not competitive: inefficient management, poor technology
andpoor starting positionputthe vast majorityofthem to
thebrinkofbankruptcy.
Asaresult, over the past 9 years, the share of domestic
productsin themarket formedicineshas neverexceeded
50%,andforthepast3years,shealwaysislessthan40%
[1].
AnotherfeatureoftheRussianpharmaceuticalmarket,the
essential terms of the innovation process is a clear
segmentation of the innovative feature: dominance of
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INNOVATIVEDEVELOPMENTINPHARMACEUTICALINDUSTRYOFTHERUSSIANFEDERATIONINTHECONTEXTOFGLOBALIZATION
volumeand valueindicators byforeignmanufacturers are
focusingitselfinalmost100%ofproductinnovation.Ofthe
thousands of medicines produced by Russian factories,
units can be considered original. Of the thousands of
medicines produced by Russian factories, units can be
consideredoriginal.
Thus,theinnovativepotentialoftheRussianpharmaceutical
marketisconcentratedinthehandsofforeignproducers.
Features of the Russian legislation is also not a problem
uniquetoinnovation.However,itshouldbenotedthatthe
riskofveryrapidreproductionofinnovationintheRussian
pharmaceutical market is very large: Existing legislation
does not protect the manufacturer new drug from the
appearanceofcopies:theexistingsituation,theprotection
ofintellectualpropertyrightsmayrelatetowaysofobtaining
thesubstance,butnotitsstructuralformula,reproductionof
anewmolecule,whichistheactiveingredientofanewdrug,
ismadepossiblewiththeadventofthisdrugonthemarket.
Therefore,whenplanningtheintroductionofnewmedicine
ontheRussianmarket,thecompanymustassesstherisk
ofcopiesreproducedmedicines.Thisriskisdeterminedby
theavailabilityofproductiontechnology,availabilityofraw
materials, anticipated sales, etc. Separately, it should be
mentioned that the registration of generic medicines in
Russiaisinregardtoapprovingstatepowerthecheaper
genericmedicineoriginalmedicines[2].
Financial crises have had a devastating impact on the
bankingsystemandledtothebankruptcyofalargenumber
ofpharmaceuticalcompanies.
Atthispoint,thethreemajorregionsofthepharmaceutical
worldremain:theUnitedStates.EuropeandJapan.They
accountforabout80%ofthemarketofmedicine.
Russian pharmaceutical market, like any other consumer
market,seeks tomaximize customerloyalty,because itis
the commitment of the consumer gives the company
additionalopportunitiestomaintainandenhanceitsposition
in the market, which ultimately leads to increased
competitiveness of the organization and creates the
conditionsforitssustainabledevelopment.
Thecomplexity of productionefficiencyof medicine inthe
transitionalperioddeterminedbyacomplexchangeinthe
economic system in the state and nationwide economic
crisis,accompaniedbythefollowingfactors(Fig.1).
Innovationpotential for any pharmaceuticalorganization
ameasure of readiness toperformtasks that achievethe
set goals of innovation, in other words, the innovative
potentialisameasureofreadinesstoimplementtheproject
orprogramofinnovativepolicychanges[3].
Innovationprocessis the preparation and implementation
ofglobalinnovativechanges.
Asarule,theinnovationprocessiscomposedofinterrelated
phasesthatformasingle,integratedwhole.Asaresultof
this process is implemented there, use the change
innovation.
In order to implement the innovation process is very
importantdiffusion(distributionovertimehasoncemastered
andusedinthenewinnovation).
A system of concepts of innovation management
pharmaceuticalmarketconsistsofthefollowingfactors(Fig.
2).
Thus,the pharmaceutical marketbeingan integral partof
the health care system is intended to provide resource
58
meetingthedemandof thepopulation pamedicine drugs,
andpromoteinnovativedevelopmentoftheindustry.
Studies have shown the absence of a comprehensive
program of drug supply policies of Russia's population,
classifiedaccordingtosuchaspectsas:
1. The investment policy of the state as an essential
element of structural adjustment pharmaceutical
production,
2. innovation policy (measures to promote science and
technologyandtheintroductionoftheirachievementsin
theproductionofmedicines),
3. tradepolicy(measurestoprotectandsupportdomestic
producersofmedicines,managementofintegrationinto
theglobaleconomy),
4. legislative policy (legislation and administrative
measures,shapeandregulatetheindustrialpolicy,which
isoneofthemajorcomponentsofhealthprotection).
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INNOVATIVEDEVELOPMENTINPHARMACEUTICALINDUSTRYOFTHERUSSIANFEDERATIONINTHECONTEXTOFGLOBALIZATION
The Russian pharmaceutical market is one of the most
dynamicandgrowingglobalmarkets.
Highinflation,theruble,highratesofinterestonloans,the
growthofenergytariffs, high costs of capital construction
byvirtueofitsgeographicallocation,thedumpingpolicies
ofAsiancountriesallthesefactorsareinitiallyplacedina
localmanufacturer ofunequalcompetitive conditionsfrom
foreign and, according to experts , reduced the
competitivenessofdomesticdrugmakersto50%[6].
To identify and implement the scientific potential of the
domestic pharmaceutical science necessary to create
conditionsforconsolidatingtheeffortsofRussianscientists
andpharmaceuticalcompanies.
Amongothermeasuresaimedatencouraging,itshouldbe
noted simplifying and speeding up administrative
procedures (registration of innovations, licensing,
certification,etc.),aswellasaspecialtaxregime.
It should be noted that at the heart of the modern
pharmaceuticalindustryisabusinessmodelthatdoesnot
providesustainableeconomic development and does not
allow drug companies to quickly produce innovative
medicines needed by the world markets. Without a
fundamental change in the industry will not be able to
maximizetheopportunities thatareopeningbeforeher.of
benefits.
Theimportantisgovernmentsupportfordomesticoutputof
innovative pharmaceutical products and medical
technologies to the world market at the expense of
internationalpatenting, financial, and"political"means, as
well as protecting the rights of all participants in the
innovationprocess by creating anefficientstate of patent
andlicensingsystem.
1.The developmentstrategyof thepharmaceutical industryinthe
RussianFederation until2020, approvedby OrderofIndustry and
TradeofRussiafromOctober23,2009№965(www.pharma2020.ru).
2. Apasov A. Russia needs a clear concept of drug supply / /
NEMEOSHM.1997.№2.P.2627
3. Bobylev, GV Kuznetsov, AB, NV Gorbachev Conditions and
factorsoftheinnovativepotentialoftheregion//Region:Economics
andSociology.2008.Number1.S.113126.
4.Pharmacysector:nosinglerecipeforovercomingthecrisisHeT.
//REMEDIUM.1999.№1.e.8081
5.ParfentievaA.Improvingthesystemofperformanceplanningand
technicaldevelopment:DissertationPh.D.ineconomics.,Chisinau,
198423s
6.TolstopyatenkoM.Innovativedevelopmentofthepharmaceutical
industryonthebasisoftheformationofpharmaceuticalandmedical
clusters.ThethesisforaPhDdegree.2009.
Figure 1: Factors of complex changes to the system of
managementofpharmaceuticalindustrymanagement
Source:Author
Figure2:An innovative management pharmaceutical market of
theRussianFederation,Innovationandinnovativestrategies
Source:Author