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The Importance Aspects of Landscape Design on Housing Development in Urban Areas

Authors:
Fitrynadia mohd Shahli at International Islamic University Malaysia
Fitrynadia mohd Shahli
mohd ramzi mohd hussain at International Islamic University Malaysia
mohd ramzi mohd hussain
Izawati Tukiman at International Islamic University Malaysia
Izawati Tukiman
Nurbazliah Zaidin
Nurbazliah Zaidin
Nurbazliah Zaidin
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Abstract

It has been proven that proper landscape planning and designs with the sustainability concept and approach help to create a conducive and responsive environment of housing development. This paper presents a brief of conceptual view on the important aspects of landscape design on housing development in urban areas. The review is based on the theoretical framework of the relationship between landscape design in planning and designing the housing development in urban areas as well as how it acts as an added value to the sustainable residential landscape design. A review on previous researches and journals are doing in providing a theory on the importance aspect of landscape design in housing areas. It is hoped that this paper may possibly provide significant information on landscape design towards influencing the prices and values of the house. This paper also can become an indicator towards enhancing the sustainability of living environment.
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2212-6708 © 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/).
Selection and peer review under responsibility of Asia-Pacifi c Chemical, Biological & Environmental Engineering Society
doi: 10.1016/j.apcbee.2014.10.058
APCBEE Procedia 10 ( 2014 ) 311 – 315
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com
ScienceDirect
ICESD 2014: February 19-21, Singapore
The Importance Aspects of Landscape Design on Housing
Development in Urban Areas
Fitrynadia Mohd Shahli,, Mohd Ramzi Mohd Hussain, Izawati Tukiman and
Nurbazliah Zaidin
Department of Landscape Architecture, Kulliyyah of Architecture and Environmental Design, Internationational Islamic University
Malaysia (IIUM), 53100 Jln Gombak Kuala Lumpur MALAYSIA
Abstract
It has been proven that proper landscape planning and designs with the sustainability concept and approach help to create
a conducive and responsive environment of housing development. This paper presents a brief of conceptual view on the
important aspects of landscape design on housing development in urban areas. The review is based on the theoretical
framework of the relationship between landscape design in planning and designing the housing development in urban
areas as well as how it acts as an added value to the sustainable residential landscape design. A review on previous
researches and journals are doing in providing a theory on the importance aspect of landscape design in housing areas. It is
hoped that this paper may possibly provide significant information on landscape design towards influencing the prices and
values of the house. This paper also can become an indicator towards enhancing the sustainability of living environment.
© 2014 Published by Elsevier B.V. Selection and/or peer review under the responsibility of Asia-Pacific
Chemical, Biological & Environmental Engineering Society
Keywords: Landscape planning and design, conducive and responsive, housing development, sustainability
1. Introduction
A good quality of housing area can be highlighted as an important issue in creating a sustainable living
environment. According to Kuala Lumpur Structure Plan 2020 [1], the city must be functional, live and
impart a sense of community and belonging. In addition, it must also provide a clean, healthy, safe and caring
,
Corresponding author. Tel.:006-03-61964000 ext 6286; fax: 006-03-61964864.
E-mail address: fitrynadia@gmail.com.
© 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/).
Selection and peer review under responsibility of Asia-Pacifi c Chemical, Biological & Environmental Engineering Society
312 Fitrynadia Mohd Shahli et al. / APCBEE Procedia 10 ( 2014 ) 311 – 315
environment that caters to the needs of all. Innovative designs, provision of the latest conveniences and
facilities, variety of choice, quality of finish and attractiveness of the layout, shall become a priority concern
especially in landscape design. Therefore, the concern about the importance landscape design in supporting a
quality of life is needed especially in the context of housing development. Meanwhile, the little attention has
been given to landscape design in prospect of buyers. Thus, based on the issues highlighted, the effectiveness
of landscape design which can help in increasing house prices and values need to be studied in order to attain
the sustainable housing development.
This conceptual-review paper will focus on the importance of landscape design in influencing housing
development. The review will develop a theoretical understanding of landscape in housing areas with a
compatible used by its elements and characters that can give positive impact toward prices and values of the
house.
Since landscape design becomes a new branding for housing development nowadays, this review will
deliver a conceptual understanding in promoting landscape design in sustaining living environment in the
country. It is also important in order to achieve the National Landscape Policy [2] action plans which are to
require at least 30% of urban development areas as green areas as well as to reach the vision of National
Landscape Policy to transform Malaysia into The Beautiful Garden Nation by Year 2020Landscape Design
for Housing Areas.
2. Landscape Design for Housing Areas
Landscape is an essential part of the environment. Landscape, which includes topography, vegetation and
associated plants and soil, water bodies, and their spatial configuration, is one of the most visual needs of
people [3]. They add that human-nature interactions lead human beings to have contrasting preference on the
surrounding landscape and environment because a pleasing landscape can bring mental and physical benefits
to people. The understanding and preference by people on their surrounding landscape provide a challenge for
policy-making and implementation in housing property. According to Williams and Tilt [4], landscape design
is the art of developing property for its greatest use and enjoyment. Thus, an effective landscape design can
become integral part of a good community environment.
This view is also supported by VanDerZanden and Rodie [5] who state that landscape design blends arts
with environmental, physical and biological of science which mainly focus on outdoor space. They also
further explain that well-defined landscape space can enhance the quality of living areas which meet people’s
preferences. Besides that, according to VanDerZanden and Rodie [5], landscape design is not only limited to
plant material only. It also focuses on the hardscape that complement the plants in order to create a successful
design. A well-defined landscape space can create a quality of an environment and provide a conducive living
space in residential. This landscape design might be able to become a factor influencing the price and value of
the property. In relating to landscape design and housing properties, Smith et al., [6] suggests that housing is
an activity that is deeply connected to a sustainable environment. The connections are as follows:
‚ Housing is a basic human need and its quality; price and availability are crucially important to a quality of
life.
‚ The location, planning, layout and landscape design of the house make an important contribution to the
community spirit.
‚ The siting of the houses and the materials from which they are made, and the uses their occupants make of
such resources as energy and water, all have major environmental implications.
Thus, housing can be seen as the central element which can link together economic development, the
environment and social welfare in achieving a sustainable environment and society (Fig. 1). According to
Gause et al., [7], landscape design can be used as a tool to make a community more sustainable and contribute
313
Fitrynadia Mohd Shahli et al. / APCBEE Procedia 10 ( 2014 ) 311 – 315
to a balanced environment. Natural and constructed landscape design can modify the residential community to
become a better living environment and also increase the value of the house property.
Fig. 1. The importance of housing in a sustainable society (Source: Smith et al., [6], p.5)
3. The Importance of Landscape Design in Housing Areas
The main emphasis of this paper is to examine the importance of landscape design in the planning and
designing of a housing property in urban areas. Therefore, the elements of a housing landscape are important
in order to support the need of a community to have a better living environment in their residential area.
According to Ye [8], there are three factors that can support residential landscape elements which are the
natural factor, the artificial factor, and the cultural factor. The used of plants is important to support all the
beneficial impact of landscape design in housing areas. The significant of plants can give a beneficial effect
for residential. According to Tyrväinen et al. [9], plants are a benefit of its social, aesthetic, climatic and
physical, ecological and economic in housing areas. In providing social benefit, plants can be used to enhance
a quality of neighborhood by providing green spaces and recreation areas. This will lead to an improvement of
interaction, physical and mental health of the society surrounds [9]
Apart from that, plants also importance in provide aesthetic and pleasant environment of the community.
According to Williams and Tilt [4], plants offer qualities that help to direct foot traffic in the landscape,
moderate the environment around the home, hide objects, or lead the eye and stimulate other senses like smell
and feel. Plants should be used together to enhance the best features of a property. The basic elements that
plants contribute to the landscape in order to express the principles of design are formed, texture, and color [4].
This means residential landscapes can provide an opportunity for people experience the nature in the middle
of urban and create a beautiful visual image of the community areas. Besides that, plants give a beneficial
impact in term of climate and ecological benefit for housing areas. Since urban areas are full of hard surface,
this leads to high temperature to the surrounding. Therefore, shaded trees are important to protect the
residential area from sun radiation and also provide a comfortable environment. The plants also can become
an indicator to protect wildlife habitat, protection against soil erosion, and microclimate control through shade
and windbreaks and reduce the pollution [9]. Moreover, the economic values also can increase by providing a
landscape design in the properties. The prices of the landscape material are higher in the market which can
contribute to becoming a selling point for the house [9]. Thus it will attract prospect buyers and increase
property value.
Landscape design has become a significant effect in humans as well as all living things in order to provide
a conducive living environment. The aggregate effects of landscape design can influence social, aesthetic and
environmental qualities of the overall housing areas. As a result, an innovative landscape that incorporates
ecologically beneficially is very important to be reviewed in creating a sustainability of living environment as
a whole.
Economic
Development
Environment
Social
Welfare
Housing
314 Fitrynadia Mohd Shahli et al. / APCBEE Procedia 10 ( 2014 ) 311 – 315
4. The Elements of Landscape Design for Housing Areas
The elements of landscape design such as softscape, hardscape, and water elements are important to create
balance in landscape designs. Mohd Hussain and Ahmad [10] mentioned that the function of hardscape and
softscape especially in the housing area in Malaysia give a sentimental value and contribute to creating
images and character of the contemporary landscape. It can be visualized through the use of varied type of
plants such as ornamental plants, herbs / kitchen garden, shaded plants and palm in most of their lawn and
front yard area. In the other hand, hardscape also plays a role in the landscape setting as attractive components
that balance the natural environment. Among the hard landscape elements that commonly used in the
landscape in a housing area including gazebo as a place to meet, pergola, concrete pots, water features,
fountains, swings and benches. Furthermore, the use of these elements will increase the benefit and value to
the house property. The element that used in landscape design normally is different based on culture and the
life of society. According to Ismail [11] landscape design that could be applied in the housing area is different
based on the culture of the ethnic group in Malaysia. Ismail [11] adds that landscape can be influenced
through religion and belief, values and norms and custom and behavior of the culture. As an example Malay
culture prefers to have ornamental and decorative style of landscape. Other than that, Malay culture usually
uses native and exotic plants as softscape elements in their house. Apart from that, the Chinese cultural
landscape is based on believed to bring good fortune for the residents. The red color becomes significant and
dominant for them for landscape design. Therefore, they prefer to have plant materials which chosen from
species with red colors and artificial plants like ‘bonsai’ in their garden. In terms of Indian culture, they
believed in sacred thing and prefer to have gardens with sacred plant species together with ornamental flower
plants for religious ceremonies.
The elements of landscape design that have in housing also influenced by demographic factors of the user.
A specific design based on demographic factors needs to be emphasized in landscape design for housing areas.
Focusing on age and group of people, there are several types of people that identified using landscape
facilities which are children, teenagers, adults, elderly and disabled. Marcus and Francis [12] highlighted that
children like to have activities which can entertain themselves and play together with other children. For that
reason, the tot lot and playground often become a social place for children and at the same time have a seating
place where parents can supervise their children. This shows that adults prefer to have leisure activities that
can relax their mind and simply enjoy watching their children play. The benches that overlook to the play area
are needed for parents more comfortable. In terms of teenagers, their preferences towards landscape design
more focus on the activities that can create an excitement and privacy for them. Sense of privacy and eager to
learn something new is factored that make teenagers have problems in using landscape design as their
preference to do activities [12]. For elderly and disabled group, they prefer to have a comfort, safety, security
and easy access in their housing area. In addition, Marcus and Francis [12] mentioned that the opportunity for
meeting others, enjoy the nature and exercise are equally important to their health and socializing. Thus, the
landscape plan that connected to their house usually has a functional component such as parking, ramps,
walkway, railings, signage, guiding tactile that support them in accessibility from one place to another.
5. Conclusion
This paper has explored the overall view of landscape design in housing areas in relation to the idea of a
sustainable environment and the importance of landscape design as added value to the real estate property.
With the understanding of landscape design in terms of definition, elements and importance in the context of
housing properties, it hoped that would give a beneficial impact toward a sustainable environment of the
landscape industry for housing in our country. The combination of hardscape and softscape elements of
315
Fitrynadia Mohd Shahli et al. / APCBEE Procedia 10 ( 2014 ) 311 – 315
landscape design is important in creating a pleasing built environment for residential properties. Furthermore,
the factor that influenced landscape design become benchmarks in order to understand the basic need of
landscape design in the housing area. Thus, the roles of landscape architects are very important to be
introduced and promoted with regards the importance of landscape design in neighborhood societies.
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank to the International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM) for supporting this
research under the Research Acculturation Grant Scheme (RAGS).
References
[1] Kuala Lumpur Structure Plan 2020 (KLSP 2020), (online). Available at: http://www.dbkl.gov.my/pskl2020/english/index.htm
[2] National Landscape Policy. (2011). National Landscape Department, Ministry of Housing and Local Government.
[3] Zheng, B., Zhang, Y., And Chen, J. (2011). Preference to home landscape: wildness or neatness? Landscape and Urban
Planning, 99: 1-8.
[4] Williams, J.D. And Tilt. K. (2006). Residential Landscape Design. [Online] Alabama Cooperative Extension System. Available
from: ANR-813. www.aces.edu.
[5] VanDerZanden. A. M., and Rodie, S. N. (2008). Landscape design; Theory and application. Canada: Thomson Delmar Learning.
[6] Smith, C., Clayden, A., and Dunnett, N. (2008). Residential Landscape Sustainability; a Checklist Tool. United
Kingdom:Blackwell Publishing.
[7] Gause, J., Franko, R. A., Heid, J. J., Kellenberg, S., Kingsbury, J., Mcmahon, E. T., Schweitzer, J. G., and Slone, D. K. (2007).
Developing Sustainable Planned Communities, Washington D.C.: Urban Land Institute.
[8] Ye, J. (2009). Research of Landscape Design in Residential Area. Blekinge Institute of Technology. The European Spatial
Planning Programme. Sweden
[9] Tyrväinen, L., Pauleit, S., Seeland, K., and de Vries, S. (2005) In Cecil C. Konijnendijk, C.C., Nilsson, K., Randrup, T.B., and
Schipperijn (Eds.), Urban Forests and Trees (pp. 81-114). New York: Springer.
[10] Mohd Hussain, N. H., and Ahmad, S. (2010). Malay Landscape: Typical Design for Contemporary House at Desa Wawasan.
Asian Journal of Environment-Behavior Studies,. 1(3): 37-47.
[11] Ismail, N. A. (2010). Landscape Alteration in Urban Residential Areas of Selangor, Malaysia. Unpublished Ph.D Thesis. Lincoln
University.
[12] Marcus, C.C., and Francis, C. (1998). People Places: Design Guidelines for Urban Open Space. Canada: John Wiley & Sons,
Inc.
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A residential landscape is one expression of the intrinsic and cognitive values of a relationship between humans and their environment. "Experiential landscape‟ is established when people shape and construct their living environment and in turn, they are shaped and constructed by this living environment. In Malaysia, the rural cultural landscape is one example of the above phenomenon. The rural cultural landscape is the result of human adaptation and subtle modification of the natural environment in the effort of creating preferred living settings. Rural villagers are communally involved in the establishment of place identity, developing sense of place and a sense of belonging towards their living places. Urban dwellers who live in urban housing areas in Malaysia experience a contrasting situation. Their physical living environments are pre-constructed with homogenous characteristics by the residential developers. This includes not only the houses, but also the public landscapes surrounding the residential areas in which they live. These "prepared living settings‟ present different living phenomena compared to the "naturally evolved‟ rural cultural landscapes. In these conditions, the residents may experience a sense of alienation towards their outdoor living spaces and community members. It has long been known that urban dwellers in the majority of residential schemes in Selangor remove trees planted in public landscape areas and replace them with their desired species in order to create small orchards and herb gardens. I refer to this phenomenon as the "altered landscape‟. This study investigates this occurrence, which has been given little attention by local landscape architects and in the landscape architecture literature. I investigate the reasons for the alteration of the existing landscape by rural-urban migrants in low, medium and high-cost residential areas. The majority of migrants to Kuala Lumpur originated from rural areas and are strongly attched to the village cultural landscape. A comparative study of the original landscape submission plans (before development) and existing inventory plans was undertaken to document the changes that were made by the residents. In-dept interviews were also conducted with three parties; namely the policy makers (government body) who were responsible for the policies that lead to the development of the plans, the landscape architects who developed the plans and the migrants who live in the residential areas under investigation. The findings of this research provide evidence that the majority of residents' made an effort to re-create meaningful home landscapes, which reflected their attachments and feeling of belonging to living spaces. This research will contribute to an understanding of how the cultural landscape in an urban residential area provides a means of integrating people and place. This study will also contribute to promoting awareness among policy makers, landscape architects and developers of the importance of developing a responsive and conducive living environment for the community.
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Creating a Residential Landscape Sustainability Checklist
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  • Apr 2008
IntroductionA Review of Sustainable Checklist Tools for Residential DevelopmentA Detailed Description of the Template BRE EcoHomes Method Adapting the EcoHomes Method for Landscape AssessmentsReferences
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Malay landscape: Typical design for contemporary house
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  • Jan 2010
The landscape agenda as looking at the global contact nowadays is gaining its popularity and dominates the need and importance of a good surrounding. In peeling the dilemma of the Malay contemporary community, a study has been conducted in conjunction with identifying the needs and their favouritism in accordance to the need and current lifestyle. Desa Wawasan reflects villages that adapt Gerakan Daya Wawasan (GDW) has been chosen specifically in order to see the efficiency and effectiveness of systematic planning and maintenance held by it’s society regard to their surrounding. This research imposes a qualitative approach. The collected information is based on the secondary data, field studies such as on-site observation, interview, and questionnaire to the selected respondent based on the study sample. Based on the research conducted, the study has discovered the design characteristics with the usage of a typical element at Desa Wawasan residential which have been identically more systematic and comprehensive. Hence, the effectiveness of GDW concept can be considered as a module as it can be highlighted as one of the sentiments that contributes in creating image and identity of Malay contemporary landscape. Keywords: Malay landscape, contemporary community, systematic planning, maintenance. © 2017 The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, UniversitiTeknologi MARA, Malaysia.
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Preference to home landscape: Wildness or neatness?
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  • Jan 2011
  • LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN
This study explores students’ preferences toward natural and wild versus clean and neat residential landscapes using preference survey data. Based on the rating scores of four housing landscape designs, multinomial logit models were used to explore the potential influential factors on people's preferences, especially the wildness or neatness of the home landscape. The results suggest that students in agricultural economics, horticulture, and social sciences are more inclined to choose a neat, well-kept environment around their homes. In contrast, wildlife science students prefer more natural landscapes. This study also found that senior students and students from large cities also prefer well-maintained and artificial landscapes. Also, students who are members of an environmental group, and those whose parents have a better education, are more likely to choose a more natural landscape. The results would provide additional information for planners, developers, engineers, architects and foresters in building more livable communities which are aesthetically appealing but also ecologically sound.
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Landscape Alteration in Urban Residential Areas of Selangor People Places: Design Guidelines for Urban Open Space
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Asian Journal of Environment-Behavior Studies,. 1(3): 37-47. [11] Ismail, N. A. (2010). Landscape Alteration in Urban Residential Areas of Selangor, Malaysia. Unpublished Ph.D Thesis. Lincoln University. [12] Marcus, C.C., and Francis, C. (1998). People Places: Design Guidelines for Urban Open Space. Canada: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Residential Landscape Design. [Online] Alabama Cooperative Extension System Available from: ANR-813. www.aces Landscape design; Theory and application Residential Landscape Sustainability; a Checklist Tool
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Williams, J.D. And Tilt. K. (2006). Residential Landscape Design. [Online] Alabama Cooperative Extension System. Available from: ANR-813. www.aces.edu. [5] VanDerZanden. A. M., and Rodie, S. N. (2008). Landscape design; Theory and application. Canada: Thomson Delmar Learning. [6] Smith, C., Clayden, A., and Dunnett, N. (2008). Residential Landscape Sustainability; a Checklist Tool. United Kingdom:Blackwell Publishing.
Research of Landscape Design in Residential Area Blekinge Institute of Technology. The European Spatial Planning Programme
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Ye, J. (2009). Research of Landscape Design in Residential Area. Blekinge Institute of Technology. The European Spatial Planning Programme. Sweden [9] Tyrväinen, L., Pauleit, S., Seeland, K., and de Vries, S. (2005) In Cecil C. Konijnendijk, C.C., Nilsson, K., Randrup, T.B., and Schipperijn (Eds.), Urban Forests and Trees (pp. 81-114). New York: Springer. [10] Mohd Hussain, N. H., and Ahmad, S. (2010). Malay Landscape: Typical Design for Contemporary House at Desa Wawasan.
National Landscape Department, Ministry of Housing and Local Government
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National Landscape Policy. (2011). National Landscape Department, Ministry of Housing and Local Government.
Residential Landscape Design. [Online] Alabama Cooperative Extension System
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Williams, J.D. And Tilt. K. (2006). Residential Landscape Design. [Online] Alabama Cooperative Extension System. Available from: ANR-813. www.aces.edu.