No full-text available
To read the full-text of this research,
you can request a copy directly from the authors.
The relationship between the fluctuations of harmonics and the subjective quality of flute tone.
Abstract
We studied the relationship between amplitude and frequency fluctuations of harmonics and the perceived quality of flute tones with vibrato. To investigate the effects of minute and irregular fluctuations on timbre, a real flute tone and synthesized flute tones whose relative amplitude levels of harmonics and extent of vibrato were equal to those of the real tone, were used for the subjective experiments. Listener’s preference for flute tones was found to be affected by the degree of intensification or attenuation of the frequency and amplitude fluctuations above 13 Hz. Also, we investigated the physical properties of the fluctuations that affect perceived quality of flute tones, by synthesizing fluctuation waves of harmonics. The results of evaluation by test subjects show that there was no perceived difference in quality between the original tone and synthesized tones with fluctuations that were synthesized by randomization of the phase spectra of the original fluctuations. In contrast, synthesized tones with fluctuations that were synthesized from filtered noise were perceived to be significantly inferior to the original tone. These results suggest that spectral variation of fluctuation waves which is at higher frequency and lower amplitude than spectral variation of vibrato influences perceived quality.
... Irregularities of the amplitude trajectory are generally referred to as shimmer, while irregularities within the frequency trajectory are denoted as jitter. These fluctuations contribute to the individual timbre of an instrument and are essential for the perceived sound quality of synthesis results [6]. ...
Continuous State Markovian Spectral Modeling is a novel approach for parametric synthesis of spectral modeling parameters, based on the sines plus noise paradigm. The method aims specifically at capturing shimmer and jitter-micro-fluctuations in the partials' frequency and amplitude trajectories, which are essential for the timbre of musical instruments. It allows for parametric control over the timbral qualities, while removing the need for the more computationally expensive and restrictive process of the discrete state space modeling method. A qualitative comparison between an original violin sound and a re-synthesis shows the ability of the algorithm to reproduce the micro-fluctuations, considering their stochastic and spectral properties.
... Other experiment analyzes sound perception of a musical instrument. For example, A. Nishimura et al [6] studied the relationship between amplitude and frequency fluctuations of harmonics and the perceived quality of flute tones with vibrato. To investigate the effects of minute and irregular fluctuations on timbre, a real flute tone and synthesized flute tones whose relative amplitude levels of harmonics and extent of vibrato were equal to those of the real tone, were used for the subjective experiments. ...
On this work it was studied the relationships between objective parameters of 5 product-lot cymbals sounds and the subjective preference. The signals were generated on a regular room, with an experienced drummer and later processed for a poll. Eight objective parameters were analyzed on the cymbal sounds. A paired comparison test was done to investigate the preference, which was correlated with the scale value of each cymbal. It was found that the coefficient of agreement was very low and that loudness and roughness were high correlated with subjective preference
... In several experiments it was shown, that vibrato is an important factor for the perceived naturalness in wind instrument sounds (Ando & Shima 1976; Fricke 1996; Meyer 1991; Nishimura, Kato & Ando 2002). The main perspective in many studies is either phenomenological (Diaz & Rothman 2003; Reuter 2004), physiological (Richter 1995), historical (Moens-Haenen 2004), aesthetical or performance related (Arfib, Couturier & Kessous 2005). ...
... In several experiments it was shown, that vibrato is an important factor for the perceived naturalness in wind instrument sounds ([11], [12], [13], [14]). The main perspective in many studies is either phenomenological ([15], [16]), physiological ([17]), historical ([18]), aesthetical ([19]) or performance related ([20]). ...
The perceived naturalness of real and synthesized bassoon vibrato sounds is investigated in a listening test. The stimuli were generated by means of a currently developed synthesis and analysis framework for wind instrument sounds, based on the pulse forming theory. The framework allows controlling amplitude and frequency parameters at many different stages during the sound production process. Applying an ANOVA and Tukey HSD test it could be shown that timbre modulation (a combined pulse width and cycle duration modulation) is an important factor for the perceived naturalness of bassoon vibrato sounds. Obtained results may be useful for sound synthesis as well as in the field of timbre research.
Parameter-optimized cubic convolution is used to accurately analyze the pitch center, rate and extent of vibrato tones. We interpolate the time-tracing fundamental frequencies of vibrato tones using parametric cubic convolution, and analytically estimate the positions and values of the extrema, which are used to analyze the characteristics of the vibrato. The optimal values of α, the parameter of the interpolation kernel, are also shown as a function of the normalized vibrato rates.
ResearchGate has not been able to resolve any references for this publication.