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The Versatile Vila (Wood Apple) with Special reference to Siddha Medicine
Abstract
Limonia acidissima (known as Vila in Siddha medicine) belonging to the Family Rutaceae, is a well known Traditional herb used since time immemorial. From ancient days to recent civilization, human beings depend on nature for running their life smoothly. Siddha Traditional system of medicine consist large number of plants with various medicinal and pharmacological importances and hence represents the highness of bioactive molecules. The Authors of this paper decided to collect and compile the literary documents, recent Pharmacognostical aspects, and Experimental research works of Limonia acidissima. Plants remain a vital source of drugs and now a day’s much emphasis have been given to Nutraceuticals. Various parts of the plant possess astringent, cardiotonic, Carminative and refrigerant actions. This review will be helpful to create interest towards the less known and less documented Limonia acidissima and may be useful in developing new formulations with more therapeutic values.
... Medicinally it is used to cure throat infection, vomiting, diarrhoea, indigestions, tumours, dysentery, gastropathy, diabetes and a good source of vitamin C. (Vijayvargia et al., 2014;Singh et al., 2015) 17. ...
According to Vedic Astrology, the status of the planets, their motion, and constellations associated with them have a great impact on the lives of individuals. There exists a co-relationship between celestial bodies and plants. Each of these grahas/rashis/nakshatras is associated with a specific plant that resonates with his/her birth chart. These sacred plants are used in curing any ill outcomes associated with astrology. Moreover, these plants are considered as sacred because of their medicinal, aesthetic, and natural traits. Since ancient times, our culture, food, folklore, and therapeutic practices are deeply connected and affected by the use of plants. That is why since our ancestry we revered plants like Gods and Goddesses and honored them as divine elements. These are powerful sources of many pharmacological activities like antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancerous, etc. In Indian culture worshipping of plants, thus, form the basis for conserving many plant species. These days, there are numerous variables answerable for the depletion of biodiversity like deforestation, misuse, industrialization, unsustainable development, and so forth so, in this circumstance, the objective of this paper is to an all-encompassing perspective on the significance of plants in our day to day existence from the viewpoint of Vedic astrology, i.e., plants related with navgrah, rashi, and nakshatra alongside their cultural, socio-religious beliefs, mythological facts, and pharmacological properties. Planting and revering plants as indicated by one’s astrological chart is a significant strategy to ensure and conserve biodiversity, eventually benefiting individuals. The human relationship with flora might be useful in conserving plant species for their treasured characteristics.
... Propagation is done mainly by seed propagation and budding. Budded plants are dwarf and precocious in bearing [3] . ...
... Limonia acidissima commonly known as wood apple is very rich in its phytochemicals like flavonoids, terpenoids, minerals like potassium, magnesium, etc. Ascorbic acid is one of the major components present in it which plays a key role in inhibiting the growth of kidney stones 6,7 . This fruit has various activities such as antioxidant, wound healing, anti-diabetic, anti-hyperlipidaemic, anticancer, diuretic, hepatoprotective activity 8 . ...
Kidney stones are aggregations of minerals such as calcium, oxalate, phosphates, uric acid, cysteine, etc. which can obstruct any part of the urinary system. This can turn fatal if left untreated as the major route of excretion is blocked causing the toxicity level to rise in the body which might lead to organ failure, coma and death. Limonia acidissima (wood apple) and Apple cider vinegar were found to contain phytoconstituents which are the bioactive components responsible for the anti-urolithiatic activity. Nucleation and aggregation of Calcium oxalate crystals was performed in presence of test samples were based on the percentage inhibition calculated, the mixture of samples gave the highest inhibition (37%) followed by wood apple (25%) and apple cider vinegar (9%). Calcium oxalate crystals were allowed to grow similarly where wood apple (113%) gave better inhibition when compared to apple cider vinegar (82%). The crystals obtained were microscopically monitored to correlate with obtained spectrophotometric results. Brushite crystals were grown synthetically by single gel diffusion and were exposed to the extracts. It was found that the mixture of samples synergistically inhibited the growth of crystals and also contributed towards the dissolution of the crystals. Surgically obtained kidney stones were subjected to degradation studies in the presence of the test extracts where the weight of stones was monitored periodically. The highest dissolution of the stones was observed in presence of mixture test extracts followed by wood apple and apple cider vinegar. The present study was successful in proving the synergistic effect of wood apple and apple cider vinegar towards the anti-urolithiatic activity.
... Limonia acidissima commonly known as wood apple is very rich in its phytochemicals like flavonoids, terpenoids, minerals like potassium, magnesium etc. Ascorbic acid is one of the major components present in it which plays a key role in inhibiting the growth of kidney stones. This fruit has various activities such as antioxidant, wound healing, anti-diabetic, antihyperlipidemic, anti-cancer, diuretic, hepatoprotective activity [2] . Apple cider vinegar is used in many home remedies to cure various small-scale ailments such as treatment for kidney stones. ...
Traditionally Wood apple (Limonia acidissima) and Apple cider vinegar was found to be used to treat and prevent kidney stones. The present study is dedicated towards proving the same and providing scientific proof to these traditional ideas. Minerals like calcium, oxala tes, phosphates, uric acid etc. form insoluble aggregates through formation of monohydrates and di-hydrates. This process is initiated by nucleation and then aggregation of insoluble masses. Phytoconstituents like flavonoids, terpenoids, ascorbic acid, acetic acid, potassium, magnesium etc. contain inhibitory properties and hence are urolithiatic in nature. In vitro tests for nucleation and aggregation has been conducted for Wood apple, Apple cider vinegar and their (1:1) synergistic sample and absorbance at 620 nm was recorded to obtain a turbidity slope. The tests were conducted in presence of sodium acetate/ NaCl buffer of pH 5.7 to mimic the biological conditions. 1:10 dilution of commercially obtained Apple cider vinegar sample showed better % inhibition of nucleation and aggregation when compared to the inhibition shown by standard drug cystone. 10 mg/ mL methanolic extract of dried pulp of wood apple showed higher % inhibition when compared to cystone and Apple cider vinegar. Synergistic sample containing both wood apple and apple cider vinegar in equal proportion showed the highest % inhibition for nucleation and aggregation of calcium oxalate crystals. This proved the synergistic activity of wood apple and apple cider vinegar for urolithiasis. Further studies are being conducted check for aggregation and degradation activities of the mentioned test extracts.
... Limonia acidissima commonly known as wood apple is very rich in its phytochemicals like flavonoids, terpenoids, minerals like potassium, magnesium, etc. Ascorbic acid is one of the major components present in it which plays a key role in inhibiting the growth of kidney stones 6,7 . This fruit has various activities such as antioxidant, wound healing, anti-diabetic, anti-hyperlipidaemic, anticancer, diuretic, hepatoprotective activity 8 . ...
ABSTRACT: Kidney stones are aggregations of minerals such as calcium, oxalate, phosphates, uric acid, cysteine, etc. which can obstruct any part of the urinary system. This can turn fatal if left untreated as the major route of excretion is blocked causing the toxicity level to rise in the body which might lead to organ failure, coma and death. Limonia acidissima (wood apple) and Apple cider vinegar were found to contain phytoconstituents which are the bioactive components responsible for the anti-urolithiatic activity. Nucleation and aggregation of Calcium oxalate crystals was performed in presence of test samples were based on the percentage inhibition calculated, the mixture of samples gave the highest inhibition (37%) followed by wood apple (25%) and apple cider vinegar (9%). Calcium oxalate crystals were allowed to grow similarly where wood apple (113%) gave better inhibition when compared to apple cider vinegar (82%). The crystals obtained were microscopically monitored to correlate with obtained spectrophotometric results. Brushite crystals were grown synthetically by single gel diffusion and were exposed to the extracts. It was found that the mixture of samples synergistically inhibited the growth of crystals and also contributed towards the dissolution of the crystals. Surgically obtained kidney stones were subjected to degradation studies in the presence of the test extracts where the weight of stones was monitored periodically. The highest dissolution of the stones was observed in presence of mixture test extracts followed by wood apple and apple cider vinegar. The present study was successful in proving the synergistic effect of wood apple and apple cider vinegar towards the anti-urolithiatic activity.
... Limonia acidissima commonly known as wood apple is very rich in its phytochemicals like flavonoids, terpenoids, minerals like potassium, magnesium etc. Ascorbic acid is one of the major components present in it which plays a key role in inhibiting the growth of kidney stones. This fruit has various activities such as antioxidant, wound healing, anti-diabetic, antihyperlipidemic, anti-cancer, diuretic, hepatoprotective activity [2] . Apple cider vinegar is used in many home remedies to cure various small-scale ailments such as treatment for kidney stones. ...
Abstract
Traditionally Wood apple (Limonia acidissima) and Apple cider vinegar was found to be used to treat and prevent kidney stones. The present study is dedicated towards proving the same and providing scientific proof to these traditional ideas. Minerals like calcium, oxala tes, phosphates, uric acid etc. form insoluble aggregates through formation of monohydrates and di -hydrates. This process is initiated by nucleation and then aggregation of insoluble masses. Phytoconstituents like flavonoids, terpenoids, ascorbic acid, acetic acid, potassium, magnesium etc. contain inhibitory properties and hence are urolithiatic in nature. In vitro tests for nucleation and aggregation has been conducted for Wood apple, Apple cider vinegar and their (1:1) synergistic sample and absorbance at 620 nm was recorded to obtain a turbidity slope. The tests were conducted in presence of sodium acetate/ NaCl buffer of pH 5.7 to mimic the biological conditions. 1:10 dilution of commercially obtained Apple cider vinegar sample showed better % inhibition of nucleation and aggregation when compared to the inhibition shown by standard drug cystone. 10 mg/ mL methanolic extract of dried pulp of wood apple showed higher % inhibition when compared to cystone and Apple cider vinegar. Synergistic sample containing both wood apple and apple cider vinegar in equal proportion showed the highest % inhibition for nucleation and aggregation of calcium oxalate crystals. This proved the synergistic activity of wood apple and apple cider vinegar for urolithiasis. Further studies are being conducted check for aggregation and degradation activities of the mentioned test extracts.
... Limonia acidissima commonly known as wood apple is very rich in its phytochemicals like flavonoids, terpenoids, minerals like potassium, magnesium etc. Ascorbic acid is one of the major components present in it which plays a key role in inhibiting the growth of kidney stones. This fruit has various activities such as antioxidant, wound healing, anti-diabetic, antihyperlipidemic, anti-cancer, diuretic, hepatoprotective activity [2] . Apple cider vinegar is used in many home remedies to cure various small-scale ailments such as treatment for kidney stones. ...
Traditionally Wood apple (Limonia acidissima) and Apple cider vinegar was found to be used to treat and prevent kidney stones. The present study is dedicated towards proving the same and providing scientific proof to these traditional ideas. Minerals like calcium, oxala tes, phosphates, uric acid etc. form insoluble aggregates through formation of monohydrates and di -hydrates. This process is initiated by nucleation and then aggregation of insoluble masses. Phytoconstituents like flavonoids, terpenoids, ascorbic acid, acetic acid, potassium, magnesium etc. contain inhibitory properties and hence are urolithiatic in nature. In vitro tests for nucleation and aggregation has been conducted for Wood apple, Apple cider vinegar and their (1:1) synergistic sample and absorbance at 620 nm was recorded to obtain a turbidity slope. The tests were conducted in presence of sodium acetate/ NaCl buffer of pH 5.7 to mimic the biological conditions. 1:10 dilution of commercially obtained Apple cider vinegar sample showed better % inhibition of nucleation and aggregation when compared to the inhibition shown by standard drug cystone. 10 mg/ mL methanolic extract of dried pulp of wood apple showed higher % inhibition when compared to cystone and Apple cider vinegar. Synergistic sample containing both wood apple and apple cider vinegar in equal proportion showed the highest % inhibition for nucleation and aggregation of calcium oxalate crystals. This proved the synergistic activity of wood apple and apple cider vinegar for urolithiasis. Further studies are being conducted check for aggregation and degradation activities of the mentioned test extracts.
The active role of siddha medicine in combating chronic diseases is being widely recognized nowadays. In that way, immobile patients who have bedsores carry a high incidence of morbidity and even mortality. A decubitus ulcer, also called a pressure sore or bed sore, is an open wound on the skin. Pressure sores often occur on the skin covering bony areas. The most common places for a pressure sore to appear include hips, back, ankles, and buttocks. A considerable number of nearly 1300 new cases of decubitus ulcers are occurring on a daily basis globally. This has resulted in deaths amounting up to 34,320 during 2000-2002 in US alone. While going through the classic Siddha literatures, the authors of this paper found out a very promising remedy PPP and decided to carryout Anti-microbial sensitivity testing to prove its efficacy in treating decubitus ulcers. Disc diffusion method was followed with Mueller Hinton Agar as the culture media. The organisms tested were Pseudomonas auroginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, Klebsiella pneumonia, E.coli, The test results show that the drug PPP is sensitive against Streptococcus mutans and E.coli. The clinical significance of the Anti-microbial study results are discussed in detail.
‘Food as Medicine’ is one of the basic concepts of Traditional Siddha Indian Medicine. The household recipes containing greens are part of Tamil culture. Even today one can find preparations containing greens (Keerai in Tamil) in the regular diet of south Indians. This tradition is passed through generations because of the immense medicinal properties which the greens posses. Among the frequently consumed greens Ponnankanni (Sessile joyweed - Alternanthera sessilis) finds an important place in Traditional Siddha Medical literatures. The specialty begins with its Tamil name which indicates ‘Ponnankanni - Pon aagum kaan nee’ (Literally meaning – Your body will get golden luster). According to Traditional Siddha literatures, this herb contains gold and thereby comes under Kaya Kalpa (Panacea) category also. Besides it is also rich in anti-oxidants, Sterol compounds, gives cooling effect to eyes & body, relieves neuritis, treats 96 types of eye diseases and aids disease free healthier life. This review paper gives an overview of all aspects of Alternanthera sessilis including botanical, phyto-chemical, Pharmacognosy and medicinal uses with reference to Siddha Indian Medicine.