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Vodné mäkkýše ochranársky významných lokalít na Podunajskej nížine [Freshwater molluscs of water bodies with a high conservation value in the Danubian lowland (SW Slovakia)]
Abstract and Figures
In the autumn of 2014, we conducted a malacological survey at 23 freshwater bodies in the Danubian lowland, SW Slovakia. We aimed to conduct a malacological inventory of semi-natural sites of a high conservation value. During the fieldwork, we used conventional methods of sampling; mostly sweeping by a hemispherical metal kitchen strainer from both natant and submerged vegetation and also from bottom sediments. At each site, ten people have collected molluscs for 60 to 90 minutes (except site No. 3, 5 and 15 – 1 person/2 hrs.). During the sampling we did not use any destructive methods. A total of 67 species were found in the whole surveyed territory (43 gastropods, 24 bivalves), which is the complete current species richness of the aquatic mollusc fauna in the Danubian lowland. The most species rich sites include the Číčovské rameno Oxbow lake (36 species, No. 2), Klátovské rameno Side arm (32 spp., No. 10) and Parížske močiare Swamp (24 spp., No. 11). Bithynia tentaculata and Planorbarius corneus were the most frequent species (i.e. found at +65% of sites) and the following eight species were recorded at 44–52% of sites (i.e. 10–12 individual sites; given in a descending order): Anisus vortex, Lymnaea stagnalis, Planorbis planorbis, Anisus vorticulus, Bithynia leachii, Stagnicola palustris, Viviparus acerosus and V. contectus. In contrast, Bithynia transsilvanica, Gyraulus riparius, Pisidium personatum, Planorbis carinatus, Sphaerium nucleus and Valvata macrostoma were found at only one site (species recorded only in flood debris of the Danube River were not considered).
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... V rámci stavovcov možno ešte spomenúť výskumy fauny drobných zemných cicavcov (DUDICH, STOLLMANN 1988, AMBROS et al. 1999, obojživelníkov (RYBANIČOVÁ 2005) a plazov, konkrétne korytnačky močiarnej (JABLONSKI et al. 2015). Z fauny bezstavovcov boli spracované najmä mäkkýše (ČEJKA et al. 2015), vážky (DAVID, 2000), dvojkrídlovce (HRABINOVÁ, BITUŠÍK 1998), chrobáky (MAJZLAN 2001(MAJZLAN , 2002 a pavúkovce, kde možno spomenúť výskumy koscov (MIHÁL, GAJDOŠ 2005) a pavúkov (GAJDOŠ 2005). Práve na výskum GAJDOŠA (2005) nadväzuje náš súčasný výskum, ktorým by sme chceli doplniť poznatky o pavúčej faune Parížskych močiarov. ...
PURGAT, P., MAJZLAN, O. & GAJDOŠ, P. 2024. Epigeic spiders (Arachnida, Araneae) of the National Nature Reserve Parížske močiare. Entomofauna carpathica, 36(1): 45-58. Abstract: In 2019-2020, we conducted research in the National Nature Reserve (NNR) Parížske močiare in southern Slovakia. The research was carried out on five different wetland sites-ecoton of the riparian zone with scrub and abandoned meadow at the canal spillway, ecoton of reed stands and mown mesophilic meadow, dense scrubby growth of willows, humid meadow and group of old willows. We used pitfall trap method to collect material. We examined 4139 spider specimens and we recorded 102 species belonging to 21 families. Totally 14 species of them are listed in Red (ecosozological) List of Spiders (Araneae) of Slovakia. Here we compared spider fauna and species richness and evaluated species composition and occurrence of threatened species in the study sites. We demonstrated the highest species richness and the highest number of rare and threatened spider species at ecotone sites.
In this paper we present the results of interdisciplinary study focused on mineral alluvial soil which has developed from calcareous fluvial silty loams of former Danube River side channel (location: Devín Gate, Bratislava, former Pečňa Island, SW Slovakia). Paleoenvironmental reconstruction is based on fossil molluscan assemblages and spans more than ± 250 years of local site development and hydroseral succession. Recognised changes of both water regime and floodplain habitats are based on 4 local malacozones that correspond well with the evidence of island development and land use in the past (17 – 19th century historical maps, written accounts, floristic data, respectively). In total 416 subfossil shells of Mollusca belonging to 33 taxa provide us with a picture of how the early side channel of parapotamal type gradually changed into the isolated waterbody (plesiopotamal type) and eventually transformed itself into a narrow field depression covered by forest. They also characterise a different sedimentary settings (recent vertical accretion of overbank silty loams vs. earlier subaquaceous deposition in abandoned channel). Fosssil molluscan assemblages also illustrate a change in local habitat from 1. shallow marsh with reed bed, through 2. an initial hygrophilous Salici-Populetum woodland and finally into the 3. current mesophilous type of bottomland woodland (Fraxino pannonicae – Ulmetum type). Over a study period, due to the Danube channel modifications and regulation the overbank sediment delivery decreased and became only episodical. Drop in mean groundwater levels coupled with channelisation and elimination of floods by protective levees also explains a soil successsional pathway from initial gleysol, intermediate gleyic fluvisol until the current fluvisol. Although fossil molluscan asseblages may also contain significant proportion of allochthonous shells, in our case they mainly reflect local habitats and even the presence of an agrarain enclave which existed on the island in the past.
Since the last comprehensive overview of the Czech and Slovak mollusc fauna, released in 2013, several records of species new for the countries or particular regions have appeared. In this paper, we summarize all such records and news collected in 2015-2019, including those affecting nomenclature and the national Check-lists made in 2013 and 2014. The rule for selection of the records are: (i) the first record in Bohemia, Moravia or Slovakia, (ii) regionally important new rerords, (iii) records of species listed in NATURA 2000 and the national Red-lists as either critically endangered or endangered species, and (iv) currently spreading non-native species. New records are briefly commented and summarized for each species separately. Location data are published with all details in a supplementary table and are freely accessible.
The mollusc communities of the Zemplínská Šírava dam reservoir were studied in 2019. The reservoir, built in 1961–1965, is situated in the eastern part of Slovakia near the boundary with Ukraine; with its area of 33 km2 it is the second biggest dam reservoir in Slovakia. Nineteen species (13 gastropods, 6 bivalves) were recorded in the first more detailed inventory of its malacofauna. The mollusc communities in individual sites consisted of 8–14 species. The existence of littoral zone overgrown by macrophytes is important especially for populations of pulmonate snails while unionids were usually found on muddy or sandy bottom. Five non-native species were recorded. The abundant population of non-native D. polymorpha probably has a negative impact on unionids because of the shortage of suitable substrata (rocks, stones) for attachment, and as a result D. polymorpha uses shells of dead or live unionids.
This book includes all know species of molluscs recorded in the Czech and Slovak Republics. All species and subspecies occurring in Czech and Slovak Republics are shown on 130 high-quality colour plates; their ecology, distribution and reliable identification is given in the text. Photographs of characteristic specimens in multiple views, often accompanied by surface and mouth details, provide a clear tool for rapid and reliable identification of all native and introduced mollusc species in the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Taken together with the text, they make the book exceptionally informative. This fact will be certainly appreciated by amateur and professional zoologists, conservationists, teachers as well as shell collectors and all lovers of nature. The book is fully bilingual with parallel Czech and English versions.
Information from more than hundred published sources, augmented by previously unpublished expert knowledge, is compiled to build up a species account for the Western Palaearctic planorbid gastropod Anisus vorticulus (Troschel, 1834), threatened at European level and recently listed in the EU Habitats Directive. The account summarizes the available data about the species, including identification, environmental requirements, life cycle, dispersal, food, geographic distribution and threats, together with recommendations for site management and survey procedures. The species occurs in both natural habitats (lake littoral, streams, river floodplains) and man-made habitats (drainage ditches, excavations). It is mostly associated with calcareous, moderately well vegetated habitats, especially with abundant floating plant coverage. The species has normally an annual life-cycle but the few available data suggest a high spatial and inter-annual variability in its phenology. To date, conservation measures for the species included vegetation removal and translocation. A dearth of quantitative and general information is obvious for almost all aspects of the biology and ecology of the species and prevents informed conservation recommendations being made.
Living adults of the freshwater snail Theodoxus fluviatilis (Linné, 1758) and fresh shells of the bivalve Sphaerium solidum (Normand, 1844) were found on the left bank of the Danube river, SW Slovakia. T. fluviatilis is in the catchment area of Danube river native only in lowermost part and new finds in Hungary, Austria and now also Slovakia, are results of its recent spreading.
After the high discharges of the Danube river in February 1999 the drift rich in mollusc shells on the left bank of the river was found. Over 2700 specimens of living molluscs and empty shells were gathered, 70 species (43 terrestrial, 27 aquatic) were separated from the drift. The dominant (38.8 %) terrestrial ecological group were hygrophilous species (e. g. Zonitoides nitidus, Pseudotrichia rubiginosa, Succinea putris) and forest species (33.3 % – e.g. Arianta arbustorum, Trichia striolata danubialis, Monachoides incarnatus, Aegopinella nitens and Urticicola umbrosus). Of the aquatic molluscs species prefering periodical waters were dominatin (allocoenosis is characterised by dominance of Anisus spirorbis). The possibility of water transport of individual species is discussed.
The reach of the Danube between Vienna and Komárno/Komárom represents the alluvial fan of the river as it leaves the Alps and enters the Pannonian Basin. High sediment and water discharge resulted in forming of a wandering planform of river. The channel of the river was very quickly moving laterally during and after the Little Ice Age mainly because of the frequent ice flood. The oxbow lakes at Čičov/Csicsó in the southern part of the Žitný ostrov island (‘Csallóköz’ in the Hungarian literature) and at Nagybajcs in the Szigetköz island provide excellent examples of the high speed of the river channel changes. Fortunately, between 1783 and 1822, the area was mapped repeatedly with the best accuracy available at that time. In the sheets of the First Military Survey (from the 1780s), there is not a sign of the later channel curves. By the period of the Second Military Survey (in the 1820s – only forty years later) the two oxbows have cut off yet. In between the above surveys, some local hydrographic maps were ordered by the Council of Governor-General of Hungary, showing the gradual building of the curve system, causing even the partial destruction of the village of Nagybajcs. Rapid development of mainchannel bends associated with heavy lateral erosion became a serious problem of flood protection. Since the Danube was a natural boundary between two counties - Győr and Komárom, this took coordinated efforts of their administrators. The curves were cut off artificially in 1798, leaving the two oxbows on the opposing banks of the river. The maps show even the minor changes of the channel after the artificial cutoff.
Considerable uncertainty exists in determination of the phylogeny among extant members of the Dreissenidae, especially those inhabiting the Ponto-Caspian basin, as multiple systematic revisions based on morphological characteristics have failed to resolve relationships within this group of bivalves. In this study we use DNA sequence analyses of two mitochondrial gene fragments, 16S rRNA and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI), to determine phylogenetic relationships among Dreissena rostriformis, D. bugensis, D. polymorpha, D. stankovici, Congeria kusceri, and Mytilopsis leucophaeata. Dreissena stankovici was determined to represent a sister taxa to D. polymorpha and both are more closely related to other extant Dreissena species than Congeria or Mytilopsis. Sequence divergence between D. rostriformis and D. bugensis was relatively low (0.3-0.4%), suggesting that these two taxa constitute a single species. However, environmental differences suggest two races of D. rostriformis, a brackish water race (rostriformis) and a freshwater race (bugensis). Spread of bugensis-type individuals into habitats in the Caspian Sea that are occupied by rostriformis-type individuals may create novel hybridization opportunities. Species-specific molecular markers also were developed in this study since significant intraspecific variation in morphological features complicates dreissenid identification. Using two gene fragments (nuclear 28S and 16S), we identified restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) that distinguish among D. rostriformis/bugensis, D. polymorpha, and D. stankovici and revealed the presence of a cryptic invader to the Black Sea basin, Mytilopsis leucophaeata. This is the first report of this North American native in southern Europe.
Fosílne mäkkýše sprašového komplexu v Komjaticiach v Podunajskej nížine
- Schmidt Z
schmiDT z., 1973: Fosílne mäkkýše sprašového komplexu
v Komjaticiach v Podunajskej nížine. -Geologické práce,
Správy, 61: 305-313.