Transatlantic Feminisms: Women and Gender Studies in Africa and the Diaspora
Abstract
Transatlantic Feminisms is an interdisciplinary collection of original feminist research on women's lives in Africa and the diaspora. Demonstrating the power and value of transcontinental connections and exchanges between feminist thinkers, this unique collection of fifteen essays addresses the need for global perspectives on gender, ethnicity, race and class.
... This theoretical resignification has also been possible due to the processes of digitalisation, globalisation and the cross-pollination between African-originated and Western ideological apprehensions of this movement. This is what Pucherová refers to as the "transculturation of feminism" (2022, p. 8), a modern(ised) expression of "transnational feminism that is more inclusive and welcoming of other gender expressions, and that openly defies patriarchal practices towards African women legitimized by tradition" (Serón-Navas, 2023, p. 127), with Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's viral TED talk "We Should All Be Feminists" (2012) as, perhaps, most notably epitomising this new African and transatlantic feminist consciousness (see Rodríguez et al., 2015;Lascelles, 2021). Drawing on the postulates by South African theorist Pumla Gqola, Pucherová states that feminism in the African literary arena is no longer enunciated as a "culturally self-enclosed," but rather as a "global movement against sexism" whose main focus is the female body, conceived as "the crucial site of women's oppression as well as their freedom" (2022, p. 9), and the recognition of "women's demands as universal human rights" (p. ...
... In fact, Adebayo naturally picks up on a number of key topics previously addressed in Aidoo's works such as women's struggle for liberation, the tradition vs. modernity dilemma or motherhood and the quest for self-definition, but I would also contend that the former actualises some of the themes touched upon by her literary godmother, thus cementing a new African feminist consciousness that is decidedly cross-generational, transnational and intersectional. As I have previously gathered, theorists like Dobrota Pucherová (2019;, Cheryl R. Rodríguez et al. (2015) or Chielozona Eze (2014) have concluded that twenty-firstcentury African authors have adopted a more receptive attitude towards this ideology, which is regarded as a transcontinental and inclusive space in which to openly engage with the embodied violence and oppression women experience globally, and that allows for the articulation of creative actions striving towards gender equality and the recognition of human rights for every/body. Furthermore, and in this study of Aidoo's feminist legacy among present-day generations of African women writers, I have focused on a foundational theme in African literature: motherhood and child rearing. ...
La escritora Ama Ata Aidoo se ha consolidado como una figura feminista muy homenajeada en el panorama literario africano. En sus obras de teatro, novelas y colecciones de relatos encontramos mujeres (auto) empoderadas, decididas e insumisas que se rebelan abiertamente contra ciertas formas de violencia patriarcal. El “feminismo transformador” (Arndt, 2002) de Aidoo también lidia con temas concomitantes a la cuestión femenina como son la construcción de la nación postcolonial, la transculturación o el nacionalismo. En este artículo, se pretende explorar cómo algunas de las obras más reconocidas de esta autora ghanesa han influido en la novela de la escritora nigeriana contemporánea Ayobami Adebayo Stay with Me (2017) y, más concretamente, centrado en uno de los temas más importantes en la literatura africana: la maternidad y la crianza. Para llevar a cabo esta tarea, se ha articulado el análisis de ambas autoras en base a la idea original de las “sororidades intergeneracionales,” término propuesto con el fin de examinar la influencia metácrona que esta autora feminista de referencia ha tenido en las generaciones contemporáneas de escritoras africanas que en sus obras tratan temas similares, y de explorar las estrategias empleadas para resistir la autoridad patriarcal a través del tiempo, fronteras, culturas e historias. El artículo concluye que Adebayo naturalmente se nutre de temáticas centrales discutidas en las obras de Aidoo, pero también se puede afirmar que la autora nigeriana actualiza algunos de los temas que vertebran los textos de su antecesora, en consecuencia apuntalando una nueva conciencia feminista africana
... This scholarship, however, has had to exist within adjacent disciplines and canons to avoid the silencing grip of the impasse while arguing for a Global South orientation to how GAD are envisioned (Tamale 2020). A wave of global majority feminist scholarship has decentred Europe and speaks to different and diverse realities (Banda 2020;Tsikata, Rodriguez, and Ampofo 2015;Tuck and Yang 2012;Ultreras Villagrana, Gamlin, and Fernández Aceves 2023). Recent events, such as decolonise the university movements, have led to an inclusion of some of these voices in debates and in the curriculum. ...
... The struggle has been fierce, and unrelenting and it is not surprising, because, for several decades, women had limited legal rights, and career opportunities to their male counterparts. Traditionally, women's rights and responsibilities have been limited by culture, religion, and other social constructs within the Ghanaian setting, making it difficult for them to break through to become leaders in organisations other than the home (Tsikata & Ampofo, 2015). ...
The study explored experiences, leadership growth, and progression approaches adopted by women working within higher professional sports leadership organisations in Ghana. An interpretive research paradigm was adopted. The data was collected using interview guides and analysed with the Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). The study revealed interest in a particular sport propelled women in sports leadership positions to select sports-related careers and accumulate the best knowledge and experience that placed them in such advantageous positions to make meaningful contributions to sports in Ghana. The study established that women with clear-cut career advancement pathways have it easy when it comes to assuming leadership positions. It was recommended that qualitative and quantitative examinations be made to understand the differences in the experiences of males in similar sporting positions. Keywords: leadership, progression, approach, professional sports, leadership.
... Many studies report that rates of formal marriage are declining across Africa (see, inter alia, Rodriguez et al ., 2015 ;Pauli, 2019 ;Popoola and Ayandele, 2019 ). In Ghana, a recent paper by Beatrice Akua Duncan argues that instead of taking additional wives to augment their supply of labour (as happened for much of the 20th century), farmers are engaging in 'contract marriages' (see section 5.6 below). ...
This book delivers new conceptual and empirical studies surrounding the design and evaluation of land governance, focusing on land management approaches, land policy issues, advances in pro-poor land tenure and land-based gender concerns. It explores alternative approaches for land management and land tenure through international experiences. Part 1 covers Concepts, debates and perspectives on the governance and gender aspects of land. Part 2 focuses on Tenure-gender dimensions in land management, land administration and land policy. It deals with land issues within the interface of theory and practice. Part 3 covers Applications and experiences: techniques, strategies, tools, methods, and case studies. Part 4 focuses on Land governance, gender, and tenure innovations. Case studies discussed include China, Ethiopia, Ghana, Lesotho, Germany, Mexico, Mozambique, Rwanda, South Korea, etc. Themes include Islamic tenure, reverse migration, matriarchy/matrilineal systems, structural inequality, tenure-responsive planning, land-related instabilities and COVID-19, urban-rural land concerns, women's tenure bargaining, tenure-gender nexus concerns in developing and developed countries. This book: · Includes theoretical or empirical studies on land governance and gender from a diverse group of countries.· Provides the basis for a new land administration theory to be set against conventional land administration approaches.· Offers, in an accessible manner, a range of new tools for design and evaluation of land management interventions.The book will be valuable for students and researchers in land governance, urban and rural planning, international development,natural resource management, agriculture, community development, and gender studies. It is also useful for land practitioners, including those working within international organizations.
... Many studies report that rates of formal marriage are declining across Africa (see, inter alia, Rodriguez et al ., 2015 ;Pauli, 2019 ;Popoola and Ayandele, 2019 ). In Ghana, a recent paper by Beatrice Akua Duncan argues that instead of taking additional wives to augment their supply of labour (as happened for much of the 20th century), farmers are engaging in 'contract marriages' (see section 5.6 below). ...
This book delivers new conceptual and empirical studies surrounding the design and evaluation of land governance, focusing on land management approaches, land policy issues, advances in pro-poor land tenure and land-based gender concerns. It explores alternative approaches for land management and land tenure through international experiences. Themes include Islamic tenure, reverse migration, matriarchy/matrilineal systems, structural inequality, tenure-responsive planning, land-related instabilities and COVID-19, urban-rural land concerns, women's tenure bargaining, tenure-gender nexus concerns in developing and developed countries.
... Many studies report that rates of formal marriage are declining across Africa (see, inter alia, Rodriguez et al ., 2015 ;Pauli, 2019 ;Popoola and Ayandele, 2019 ). In Ghana, a recent paper by Beatrice Akua Duncan argues that instead of taking additional wives to augment their supply of labour (as happened for much of the 20th century), farmers are engaging in 'contract marriages' (see section 5.6 below). ...
This book delivers new conceptual and empirical studies surrounding the design and evaluation of land governance, focusing on land management approaches, land policy issues, advances in pro-poor land tenure and land-based gender concerns. It explores alternative approaches for land management and land tenure through international experiences. Themes include Islamic tenure, reverse migration, matriarchy/matrilineal systems, structural inequality, tenure-responsive planning, land-related instabilities and COVID-19, urban-rural land concerns, women's tenure bargaining, tenure-gender nexus concerns in developing and developed countries.
... Many studies report that rates of formal marriage are declining across Africa (see, inter alia, Rodriguez et al ., 2015 ;Pauli, 2019 ;Popoola and Ayandele, 2019 ). In Ghana, a recent paper by Beatrice Akua Duncan argues that instead of taking additional wives to augment their supply of labour (as happened for much of the 20th century), farmers are engaging in 'contract marriages' (see section 5.6 below). ...
This book delivers new conceptual and empirical studies surrounding the design and evaluation of land governance, focusing on land management approaches, land policy issues, advances in pro-poor land tenure and land-based gender concerns. It explores alternative approaches for land management and land tenure through international experiences. Themes include Islamic tenure, reverse migration, matriarchy/matrilineal systems, structural inequality, tenure-responsive planning, land-related instabilities and COVID-19, urban-rural land concerns, women's tenure bargaining, tenure-gender nexus concerns in developing and developed countries.
... The racial logics that shape this engagement may not become fully legible via conventional social science research focused on who does and does not have access to ART. What is necessary are more nuanced investigations of Black women's felt intuition and situated knowledge of reproduction (McClaurin, 2001;Rodriguez et al., 2015). By chronicling the stories of Black women, placing their narratives in dialogue with Black feminist theorizing and anthropology, the urgent political task of 'unhiding' obstetric racism becomes possible. ...
Black women bear the burden of a number of crises related to reproduction. Historically, their reproduction has been governed in relation to the slave economy, and connected to this, they have been experimented upon and subjected to exploitative medical interventions and policies. Even now, they are more likely to experience premature births and more likely to die from pregnancy-related complications. Their reproductive lives have been beleaguered by racism. This reality, as this article points out, shapes the use of assisted reproductive technology (ART) by Black women. Using the framework of obstetric racism, I suggest that, in addition to the crisis of adverse maternal health outcomes, such as premature birth, low-birthweight infants and maternal death, Black women also face the crisis of racism in their medical encounters as they attempt to conceive through ART. Obstetric racism is enacted on racialized bodies that have historically experienced subjugation, especially, but not solely, reproductive subjugation. In my prior work, I delineated four dimensions of obstetric racism: diagnostic lapses; neglect, dismissiveness or disrespect; intentionally causing pain; and coercion. In this article, I extend that framework and explore three additional dimensions of obstetric racism: ceremonies of degradation; medical abuse; and racial reconnaissance. This article is based on ethnographic work from 2011 to 2019, during which time I collected narratives of US-based Black women and documented the circumstances under which they experienced obstetric racism in their interactions with medical personnel while attempting conception through ART.
... Essentially, women's experience needs to be seen in context and, as intersectionality proposes, issues of race, gender and class (among others), should not be seen as independent. On the contrary, they inform, support and reinforce each other ( Chambers, 2015;Rodriguez, Dzodzi, & Akosua, 2015 ). Or, as Spivak (1988) argues, "if you are poor, black and female, you get it in three ways" (p. ...
Marginalized communities in developing countries are faced with a myriad of challenges, and women bear the significant brunt of these. In particular, women in patriarchal communities are vulnerable in these environments as they are constrained by gendered exclusions, expectations, norms and roles, as well as inequitable access to resources. In order to cope, these women form community organizations that give them a platform to organize as collectives and confront some of the challenges. Our study focuses on specific interventions with community organizations (Chamas) that are formed by women living in poverty in the slums of Nairobi, Kenya. We employed an ethnographic approach that included participant observation and interviews, combined with Community-Based Operations Research (CBOR) and Value-Focused Thinking (VFT), to examine the notions of gender, intersectionality and agency in the context of a developing country. These approaches were deemed appropriate as they allowed a deep immersion into the participants' worlds, as well as the consideration of the participants' (and facilitators') values that shaped their worldviews. The findings revealed that the gendered values held by the participants (and facilitators) intersected with other lived experiences to influence decision-making during the interventions. We therefore conclude that, because of this, the decisions reached need to be considered as negotiated, rather than optimal.
Black feminist anthropology has been and continues to be rooted in intellectual engagements with transnational Blackness, transnational feminism, queer politics, global anti-Blackness, anti-imperialism, and anticapitalism. Black feminist anthropology is a global endeavor that applies theory and lived experience to restructure ethnography and praxis that is engaged in an intersectional analysis of various oppressions and strategies for resistance, survival, and freedom. This chapter builds on those studies that identify the importance of including transnational Black feminism in the anthropological canon and supporting scholars who center Black women’s experiences throughout the diaspora. The aim is to encourage the use of a transnational Black feminist analytic to transform anthropological approaches to the study of Africa and its diaspora; constructions of labor, production, and reproduction; racialized identity formation; the performance of those identities across gender and sexuality; and narratives of oppression, resistance, and survival. The author centers transnational Black feminist frameworks that see the formation of diaspora as a site for solidarity that coalesce as a result of, around, and between women-led and gender-based political movements. For Black feminist anthropologists it names what was already possible, while providing an intentional epistemic framework and methodology for collaboration with Black feminists throughout Africa and its diaspora.
This article presents a polycentric Africanist reading of Dada Masilo's Giselle , which debuted in South Africa in 2017. Although ballet was used as a tool of colonization in South Africa, establishing cultural and aesthetic norms from a European paradigm, while undermining Indigenous arts and excluding non-white artists, I argue that Dada Masilo's choreographic choices employ the narrative of Giselle to decolonize through ballet. Masilo's choreography indigenizes the ballet, transforming local and global practices through an Indigenous lens. Dada Masilo's Giselle embodies African philosophies such as ancestorism, as well as gender fluidity and complementarity. It mobilizes techniques such as signifyin(g), comedic resistance, code-switching, battling, shouting, and critically reappropriating Tswana and diasporic movements in order to convey a distinctly South African version of the European ballet. This work transcends the romantic love of Giselle in order to convey a decolonial love by centering South African ways of knowing and being in the world.
Collection of books related to gender studies, by EDS170 Team 2021, students, teachers, other colleagues. For the Writing Assignment Book Review.
This article presents a series of letters the authors exchanged while conducting ethnographic research in Belize and Ghana. The letters reveal an affinity between feminist ethnographic praxis and a politically attuned epistemology of the senses, what the authors call a sensory feminist orientation to scholarship. Expanding on criticism of the way sensory hierarchies inform Western knowledge-building, the authors reevaluate their own epistolary exchange as a methodological provocation. As stories, the letters detail what the authors orient themselves toward in the field, as well as embodied moments of disorientation: danger, violence and estrangement. Untidy and raw, they offer readers an opportunity to “listen to sense” and, in the process, consider the consequences when ethnographers are encouraged to excise certain field encounters from scholarship. The article includes paintings that Beth Uzwiak created while in the field as a component of the authors’ sensory experiment in epistolary ethnography. Their focus on the affective registers of storytelling contributes to broader efforts to disrupt the androcentric tendencies of ethnographic voice.
Black scholars have long been at the forefront of ethnographic accounts of race and racism. Still, ethnicity rather than race is a preferred valence for understanding identity politics in Africa. The marginalization of African and diasporic women's intellectual output on race and gender on the continent contributes to a vision of Africans as perennial subjects and overlooks a rich discourse on global antiblackness and white supremacy. With ethnographic attention to Ghanaian women migrants known as kayayoo/kayayei (head porter[s]), this article draws on the work of Black women scholars – and African feminists in particular—to interrogate the racial politics of gender in Africa. In addition to analyzing the enforcement of class hierarchies, I examine how migrant exclusion at Accra's Makola Market reflects racialized sentiments about rural Ghana that are associated with slavery and colonial sensibilities about modernity. To meet these aims, I draw on somatic praxis of radical listening and haptic experience to demonstrate how affective relationships can productively theorize race and exclusion in Ghana.
There is unquestionably a buzz in US Black women’s communities about a trending “natural” phenomenon. Sales of chemical relaxers (sometimes dubbed “creamy crack” among the US Black community) have dropped 34 percent since 2009, while sales of “natural” hair care products that promise to non-chemically enhance or beautify “natural” curls are up exponentially. Corresponding to the rise in sales of “natural” hair care products are beauty blogs, YouTube instructional videos and supportive social groups—such as “natural hair” meet-ups, which have organically emerged for, and been mostly created by, Black women as a tool to support and nurture women as they take this journey. In this article, I use Black feminist P.H. Collins’s work because her understanding of the relationship between knowledge, consciousness and empowerment provides a framework or point of departure for grasping my own lived experience of going “natural” with regards to modes of oppression and methods of resistance.
This essay critically examines naming and knowing in relation to African women as subjects in a global 21st century. Proceeding from the premise that naming is an epistemological act, it critically examines the relation between naming and knowledge production about African women who move across boundaries as transnational subjects. It considers the constraints placed by such naming and knowledge production on African women’s subjectivity. Finally, it considers the ways that African women challenge and contradict the politics of naming, and the possibilities those contradictions offer for forging new epistemologies of gender and Africa in the 21st century.
Let me first thank the organizers for inviting me to deliver the keynote address at this important gathering. It is indeed a great honor to me personally but I also take it as recognition of the endeavors of African social scientists to promote social science research in Africa. One such African social scientist was a colleague and friend, the late Professor Claude Ake who did so much to institutionalize social science research in Africa. I would like to use this occasion to pay him tribute. Whatever the origins of the name of the series, it is today a salute to the many who struggle for democracy in Africa and a grim reminder that the scourge of militarism still haunts our continent and that those who would rule by the sword are either in power or lurk behind the corridors of power ready at any time to ambush the democratic process. The title I gave to the lecture must already suggest how unwieldy the subject is. I obviously cannot deal adequately with all the constricting and enabling contingencies within which social science is practiced in Africa. Time and space demand that I be highly selective in my presentation. If I seem to emphasize problem areas in the social sciences in Africa and in the relationship between Africans and their non-African counterparts it will not be because I do not recognize the real gains made in the search for solutions. I should also state at the outset that I am aware of some of the travails of students of Africa in North America and it is not my intention to add more to them. If this is any consolation, let me assure you that your woes are nothing compared to ours.
Given the present spread of AIDS, there is a need to examine the extent to which the vulnerability of women to STDs and AIDS is reinforced by social values. This paper discusses the rights of Ghanaian women over their sexuality and its implications for the spread of STDs in general and AIDS in particular. Women in Ghana, particularly the matrilineal Akans, in theory have rights over their sexuality and can assert their rights over an offending husband, but, their poor status in the modern economy means that economic concerns now overshadow traditional norms which governed marital relations in the past. Some women have become economically dependent and, therefore, less likely to take control over their sexuality. Programs to improve women's education and, hence, their employment opportunities may empower women to control some of the factors related to their sexuality. Meanwhile, gender-specific information, education and communication must be intensified to increase women's awareness of the dangers of AIDS.
At present Nigeria is in a ‘transitional’ period as the country moves into the Third Republic, a form of civilian government devised by the present Federal Military Government (FMG). This has not only entailed the creation of political parties (one, the National Republican Convention, a ‘little to the right’, the other, the Social Democratic Party, a ‘little to the left’), it has also involved the establishment of other organisations conforming to the views of the FMG. A striking number of these are apparently directed towards improving the position of women in Nigerian society. These organisations are critically examined in the context of a structural adjustment programme promoted by the military government, and against the activities of trade unions, political parties and democratic associations.
Studies of women who marry women in Africa are relatively few
in number and generally dated, with few recent contributors. Based on
interviews in central Kenya with Gikuyu
women involved in "woman-woman marriages," this study critiques the
extant literature, focusing on two key issues. Most authors have
perceived narrow conditions and functionalist purposes for explaining
woman-woman marriages. Our interviewees typically express complex
reasons for marrying women, suggesting that woman-woman marriage is a
flexible option within which women may pursue a range of social,
economic, political, and personal interests. We also critique the
concept of "female husband," suggesting that while the "husband" role
can be male or female, the term is not so easily separated from the
male connotations it implies in western contexts.
SARANEL BENJAMIN questions the crazy economic logic of neo-liberalism which is costing working-class women precious ground won over many years. Gross exploitation of women's productive and unpaid domestic labour in the South is an unacceptable price to pay to meet the demands of the patriarchal global North, she argues
Incl. app., bibliographical references
This article aims to expose the anxiety of abused women in Ghana by defining domestic violence within their culture. A survey conducted among 50 women clients of the Legal Aid Clinic of the International Federation of Women Lawyers in Ghana revealed that wife beating, to some extent, is an acceptable norm of the society. These battered women are more likely to define their experiences as a form of discipline at the hands of their husbands rather than domestic violence or wife battering. An examination of their social practices demonstrates that tradition is the most important reason why Ghanaian women accept the obvious disparity between their lifestyles and that of their male counterparts. Their traditional folk tales narrates stories about a man beating his wife to maintain law and order; while Ghanaian folk and highlife songs revolve around themes that encourage this mastery of wives and male superiority. The existence of domestic violence in all Ghanaian communities highlights the need for social reforms and substantive equality for Ghanaian women. Initial solutions include emphasis on public education, which fosters awareness and social change through women's organizations that work within communities. Once educational efforts have been established, long-term solutions such as adopting legislation to help battered women, as well as educating the police and the judiciary about domestic violence can then be integrated into Ghanaian society.
Towards research into wife battering in Ghana: Some methodological issues
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The demographic profile: Sustained high mortality and fertility and migration for employment
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Women and AIDS in Ghana: "I control my body (or do I)?" Ghanaian sex workers and susceptibility to STDs, especially AIDS. In Women's position and demographic change in sub-Saharan Africa
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Changing patterns of gender stratification in West Africa
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Strength in weakness: Bini women in affinal relations
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African culture and the quest for women's rights
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Sociocultural implications of wife beating among the Yoruba in Ibadan City, Nigeria
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Research review: Gender-based violence, poverty alleviation and peace negotiation in South Africa
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The health of working mothers in Accra: A case study of doctors and nurses at the Kolre-bu Teaching Hospital and workers at North Gbawe Stone Quarry
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Her body her life: 150 years of abortion in South Africa. Paper presented at the Conference on Women and Gender in Southern Africa
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Violence against women in the Gambia
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The Zambian national machinery for women and other mechanisms
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Breaking the silence and challenging the myths of violence against women and children in Ghana: Report of a national study on violence
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The national machinery for the advancement of women: The Botswana experience
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Trading goes global: Market women in an era of globalization
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Paradoxes of female sexuality in Mali: On the practices of Magnonmaka and Bolokoli-kela. In Rethinking sexualities in contexts of gender
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Women pay the price: Structural adjustment in Africa and the Caribbean
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Gender issues in contemporary African education
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Socio-cultural factors affecting the reproductive health of women at Obukpa, Nsukka in Enugu State
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Globalization, its institutions and African women's resistance. In Africa: Gender, globalization and resistance, edited by Yassine Fall
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Research priorities and support needs for women in agriculture in the Sudan
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Gender analysis in the field of education: A Zimbabwean example
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Gaidzanwa, Rudo B. 1997. Gender analysis in the field of education: A Zimbabwean example. In Engendering African social sciences, edited by Ayesha Imam, Amina Mama, and Fatou Sow. Dakar, Senegal: CODESRIA Book Series.
Gendered work patterns in the endangered Sahelian rural environment: Exploring three layers of exploitation
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- Garba
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