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Nutritional State and Productivity of Organic Sugarcane in Goias, Brazil
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In order to study the effect of use organic agriculture avoids the use of synthetic fertilizers and emphasizes the use of organic inputs to provide nutrients to the plants. This study had as aim to evaluate the effect of organic management time on nutrition and productivity of sugarcane. The nutrition levels and the productivity of sugarcane plantations were evaluated in areas cultivated for two, six and ten years in the organic production system compared with a sugarcane plantation cultivated for ten years in the conventional system. The sugarcane organic production system enhanced the nutrition levels of the plants and raised the crops productivity. After ten years of organic cultivation, there was an increase of 43, 42.8 and 32% in the leaf contents of potassium (K), phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N), respectively, in relation to the conventional production system and an increase of 209% in the sugarcane productivity. The management of the fertilizers inputs used in the sugarcane organic production system is adequate for the plants nutrition, with positive result on the crops productivity. The effects are more visible after six and ten years of management in the organic production system. In the organic production system, after ten and six years, it could be suggested that the productivity was 209 and 98% higher in comparison to the productivity of the cane cultivated under the conventional system, areas Org. 10 and Org.6, respectively.
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... En las zonas con mayores entradas de residuos (OSR, OCR y OPC), fue superior la tendencia en el aumento de Ca y Mg, que está en concordancia con los resultados de otros estudios (10,11,14). También se observó en otra investigación (18), una tendencia en el aumento del contenido de Ca y Mg, en el sistema de siembra directa, en comparación con el sistema convencional, después de seis años de cultivo. ...
... Se observó una tendencia a la acumulación de valores mayores de micronutrientes (Cu, Fe, Mn y Zn) para el área cultivada en sistemas orgánicos, factor también encontrado en otros estudios realizados (14,16,18). Según investigaciones (16,18), los sistemas de producción que ofrezcan una mayor y frecuente ingesta de residuos de cultivos que mejoran las propiedades químicas, físicas y biológicas del suelo, tienden a proporcionar mayores cantidades de micronutrientes en el sistema. ...
... Se observó una tendencia a la acumulación de valores mayores de micronutrientes (Cu, Fe, Mn y Zn) para el área cultivada en sistemas orgánicos, factor también encontrado en otros estudios realizados (14,16,18). Según investigaciones (16,18), los sistemas de producción que ofrezcan una mayor y frecuente ingesta de residuos de cultivos que mejoran las propiedades químicas, físicas y biológicas del suelo, tienden a proporcionar mayores cantidades de micronutrientes en el sistema. ...
The sugarcane is one of the main crops produced in Brazil and is cultivated since the colonial Brazil Times. Soil management in the culture of sugarcane has undergone changes over time, applying new techniques of management and conservation of soil, taking advantage of systematic way the waste from the manufacture of alcohol and sugar, minimizing damage to environment. This aimed to evaluate the chemical attributes of the soil cultivated with sugarcane certified organic with and without soil disturbance, organic certification, conventional with and without straw burning and a remaining area of Cerrado in Goiatuba, Goiás, Brazil. Soil samples were collected in September 2009 in the depths of 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm for chemical analysis. The results were analyzed descriptively by estimating the mean, standard error of the mean and also by means of multivariate analysis, estimating the Euclidean average distance between the treatments with complete connection. There forming groups among the organic cultivation without soil disturbance and the remaining area of Cerrado in the depth 0-10 cm indicating proximity between the evaluated attributes. The organic cultivation without soil disturbance presents phosphorus and potassium far superior to other managements. The results underscore the importance of greater supply of organic waste for improved chemical attributes and maintenance of soil quality
... This result can be attributed to the high concentration of the nutrient (1053 mg L -1 ) in the composition of vinasse (Table 2). Borges et al. (2015) evaluated the application of vinasse on the nutritional status and sugarcane yield in an organic cultivation system and found that K from vinasse applied at the dose of 600 m 3 ha -1 increased the nutrient content in the TVD leaf of the crop by 44.5% in relation to mineral fertilization. According to Silveira, Vitusso and Medina (2015), the sugarcane plant accumulates most of the K present in the tissues during the first months of development. ...
... For Ca, the authors found content considered to be adequate for the crop (2.6 g kg -1 ). Borges et al. (2015) evaluated the application of vinasse, in an organic cultivation system, on the nutritional status and yield of sugarcane and found that the application of the 600 m 3 ha -1 dose did not contribute to the adequate nutrition of the crop and that the Ca and Mg levels in the TVD leaf remained below recommended. ...
Vinasse, a waste from ethanol production, has been widely used as a means of fertigation in sugarcane. However, high dose limits application at and its effects on nutrient absorption and accumulation by the crop are not known. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare, during the initial development of sugarcane, the effect of mineral fertilization and high doses of vinasse on the macronutrient and sodium contents of the top visible dewlap (TVD) leaf and their respective accumulations in the aerial part of the crop. The experiment was carried out in 100-dm3 pots filled with Argisol. The treatments consisted of five doses of vinasse (0, 150, 300, 600 and 1200 m3 ha-1) and an additional treatment with no vinasse and mineral fertilizer (500 kg ha-1 of the NPK 14-24-18 formulation). The levels of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and sodium were evaluated in the TVD leaf at 120 days after planting and their accumulation in the aerial part of the plant at 210 days. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and compared using regression analysis and orthogonal contrasts. The vinasse doses applied did not adequately nourish the crop in macronutrients. Mineral fertilization provided higher N and P levels. The highest doses of vinasse provided higher levels of K, Ca and Mg and larger accumulations of N, P, K and Na, but were detrimental to the accumulation of Ca. The descending order of accumulation of macronutrients and sodium with mineral fertilization was P> Ca> N> K> Mg> Na. For the application of vinasse, the descending order was K> P> Ca> N> Na> Mg. In the absence of mineral fertilization and vinasse, the descending order was P> Ca> K> N> Mg> Na.
... In view of this scenario, the organic cultivation system may be an alternative to the conventional system, as it does not use chemical fertilizers and agrochemicals and has the ability to increase soil fertility and nutrient content in plants. Borges et al. (2015) compared the organic cultivation of sugarcane with conventional farming and found that after 10 years of organic cultivation, the contents of N, P, and K in the soil in the 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm layers were higher than in conventional cultivation. The findings showed higher contents of these nutrients in the sugarcane leaves under organic cultivation and higher productivity under this production system. ...
... With the increase in organic matter content, soil physical properties improved, reflecting the soil BD and TP of the area under organic cultivation, which was similar to the area with native Cerradão vegetation. The increase in TP favors root growth in deeper layers of the soil, causing them to explore a larger volume of soil, increasing the absorption of water and nutrients, resulting in higher productivity, as verified by Borges et al. (2015) in areas with sugarcane under organic cultivation. Furthermore, the carbon input increases its stock in the soil (Bayer et al. 2006). ...
Sugarcane cultivation in the Cerrado biome causes changes in soil attributes and affects the sustainability of agricultural production. The organic system may constitute an alternative to the conventional system. We have hypothesized that (i) the replacement of native Cerradão vegetation to sugarcane cultivation in a conventional system modifies the physical and chemical attributes of the soil and that (ii) organic cultivation may contribute to restoring physical and chemical properties that have been degraded by conventional cultivation. The study consisted of the following areas: (a) Cerradão, (b) pasture, (c) sugarcane in an organic system (organic sugarcane), (d) sugarcane in a conventional system with straw burning before harvest (burned sugarcane), and (e) sugarcane in a conventional system without burning the straw before harvest (raw sugarcane). The soil carbon and nitrogen contents and total soil density and porosity were evaluated. Six soil layers were sampled: 0–10 cm, 10–20 cm, 20–30 cm, 30–40 cm, 40–50 cm, and 50–60 cm depth. The results have showed that the sugarcane cultivation altered all the evaluated attributes when compared to Cerradão soil. The most significant changes, with a reduction in carbon and nitrogen contents, total porosity and soil bulk density, occurred in conventional cropping systems. In the organic system, there were few changes in the evaluated attributes when compared to the Cerradão ecosystem. In this paper, we show that a reduction in the total nitrogen in the 0–10 cm layer was the only observed decline. Organic sugarcane proved to be a viable alternative for production in the Cerrado biome as it restores soil attributes similar to those of the Cerradão ecosystem.
... Los agricultores sostienen que el abono orgánico es importante porque incrementa el rendimiento, la calidad de la panela o ANC y sustituye fertilizantes minerales para disminuir costos de producción (Rangel et al., 2006). Es importante conocer los efectos de los insumos utilizados en la producción de caña de azúcar para panela o ANC, ya que proporcionar una cantidad elevada de nutrientes puede causar disminución en productividad o reducción en un nivel específico de nutrientes en la planta (Borges et al., 2015), De acuerdo con Latief et al. (2010), la aplicación de fertilizantes orgánicos ha tenido favorable comportamiento comparado con el uso de fertilizantes químicos, sin embargo, es fundamental el uso equilibrado de insumos orgánicos, inorgánicos y biofertilizantes para mantener la armonía del ambiente físico, químico y biológico del suelo (Gopalasundaram et al., 2012). ...
Introduction. Colombia is the second producer of panela or non-centrifugal sugar (NCS) in the world, after India. In 2016, the department of Nariño had an area in sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) for harvested sugarcane or NCS of 10 533 ha and an average yield of 7.67 t ha-1 for 6.35 % of total production of panela or NCS in the country. Objective. To evaluate the use of organic and mineral fertilizer on the sugarcane yield for panela or NCS production in its first production cycle. Materials and methods. The study was carried out between the months of November 2008 to March 2010 in the village of Villa Ines, Consaca, Nariño; a randomized complete block design was used, considering continuous sowing systems (SEC) and spacing (SE) ajusted NPK levels according to soil analysis, with chemical (FQ) and organic (FO) sources. The yield was evaluated in cane and panela or NCS, and reducing sugars and phosphates. Results. The treatments (T3) SEC-FQ with 168.20 TCH, (T1) SEC-FA with 167.07 TCH and (T5) SE-AO with 167 TCH showed the highest cane yield compared to the other treatments, and where significantly different from the control treatment (T9). In panela or NCS, the best treatment was (T6) SE-FQ (12.1 % conversion and 18.78 t ha-1). The highest value of reducing sugars was (T8) SE-FA with 13.2 % while in phosphates it was (T9) SEC and SE-SF (753 ppm), and SEC-AO (706 ppm). With 1,500 kg ha-1 of commercial organic fertilizer, cane yields above 100 t ha-1 and panela yields or NCSof 15 and 17 t ha-1 in SEC and SE, respectively, were obtained, similar to those achieved with chemical fertilization. In chemical fertilization, with the mixture of sources the use of nitrogen was reduced by 42 % and phosphorus by 18 %, with cane yields 44 % higher than the regional average and panela yields 20 % higher than the control. Conclusion. It was possible to reduce and supply some nutrients of chemically synthesized nutrients without affecting the sugarcane and panela or NCS yields.
... However, these authors reported no effect on N up- The results indicate a tendency to present the best results with filter cake application, and these data are in accordance with those of (Borges et al., 2015), who reported higher values of organic matter and nitrogen when filter cake was applied. Stamford et al. (2008), who found significant effects of rock biofertilizer with sulfur inoculated with Acidithiobacillus on the total P uptake in sugarcane in a greenhouse experiment. ...
To improve yield and nutrient absorption, the addition of fertilizers to provide nutrients in adequate quantities is recommended. An alternative substitution for soluble fertilizer is the use of Acidithiobacillus bacteria to produce rock biofertilizer that is then mixed with organic matter inoculated with diazotrophic bacteria (Beijerinckia indica) for N enrichment. This study evaluates the effectiveness of biofertilizer on nutrient uptake and its interaction with sugarcane filter cake in field-grown sugarcane on an Ultisol in the Brazilian rainforest region. The experiment used two NPK fertilizer treatments (biofertilizer and soluble fertilizer) applied at three rates (50, 100 and 150% of the recommended rate [RR]) and a control treatment of earthworm compost (20 t ha-1). The fertilizer treatments were applied with and without filter cake, in four replicates. Total C and N, available P and K, and exchangeable Ca and Mg in plants (upper shoots, leaves and stems) as well as soil samples were analyzed. The biofertilizer showed similar responses as did the soluble fertilizer in nutrient uptake in the different parts of sugarcane and in the soil samples. The effects of biofertilizer were enhanced by the interaction of the fertilizer treatments with sugarcane filter cake. We concluded that the biofertilizer enriched in N by inoculation with B. indica may be a viable alternative for the replacement of soluble fertilizers in sugarcane.
Phosphorus is considered an essential element for plants and it is found in small amounts in Brazilian soils. The filter cake residue, composed of a mixture of bagasse and decanting sludge, has high levels of organic matter, phosphorus and calcium. The phosphorus present in the filter cake is organic, and its release, as it happens to the nitrogen, occurs gradually by mineralization and by microorganisms attack in the soil. This study aimed to evaluate sugarcane vegetative growth and yield under fertilization with filter cake enriched with soluble phosphate. The experiment was carried out in Presidente Prudente, São Paulo State, Brazil, by using a randomized complete block design, in a 5x4 factorial scheme, where the first factor consisted of filter cake doses (0 t ha-1, 0.5 t ha-1, 1.0 t ha-1, 2.0 t ha-1, and 4.0 t ha-1) and the second of phosphorus fertilizer doses (0 kg ha-1, 50 kg ha -1, 100 kg ha-1, and 200 kg ha-1 of P 2O5), with 4 repetitions, totalizing 80 plots. The experiment evaluated the tiller number, at 30, 60, 90, and 120 days after planting, oBrix, and yield. The stalk yield and tillering were influenced by the filter cake rates applied to the soil. Filter cake doses and their combination with phosphate did not change the juice quality (Brix) at harvest.
The study had the objective to evaluate the effect of the fertilization with filter cake enriched with soluble phosphate on the sugar yield. The experiment carried at Presidente Prudente-SP, used a randomized complete block design, in the factorial scheme 5 × 4, where the first factor consisted of doses of filter cake (0; 0.5; 1.0; 2.0 and 4.0 t ha-1) and the second, doses of phosphorus fertilizer (0, 50, 100, 200 kg ha-1 of P2O5), with 4 replicates, totaling 80 plots. The results indicated that phosphorus applied in planting furrows improves the quality of sugarcane raw matter by increasing the levels of soluble solids, total reducing sugars and sucrose in the stalks. The phosphorus also increases the productivity of sugar. The filter cake applied in planting furrow has the potential to partially replace the chemical fertilization with phosphate aiming to improve the quality and the productivity of sugar. The best combination was filter cake at dose between 2.6 and 2.7 t ha-1 combined with dose between 160 and 190 kg P2O5 ha-1 for obtaining best response of soluble solids and productivity of sugar.
Sugarcane is fundamental for the energy matrix in Brazil. The evaluation of biochemical attributes in different sugarcane production systems provides information on their environmental sustainability. Altogether, soil biochemical attributes are considered very sensitive indicators of changes in soil properties and of alterations caused by soil management and land-use systems. The aim of this work was to study the effect of organic and conventional sugarcane cultivation systems on microbial soil properties. Changes in carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) microbial and microbial activity were evaluated in a Cerrado Oxisol in the state of Goiás, Brazil, cultivated with sugarcane in three different production systems: organic (Organic Cane - OC), conventional with burning (Burned Cane - BC), and conventional without burning (Raw Cane - RC). The native Cerrado (NC) and other cultivated pasture (PT) were used as references. The soil samples were collected during the dry and rainy seasons from two depths: 0-10 and 10-20 cm. The chronological order of the implementation of the land-use (NC, PT and sugarcane) and cultivation (RC, BC, OC) systems were: NC, PT, RC/BC, OC. The microbial biomass C (CSMB), microbial biomass N (N SMB), basal respiration (Br), metabolic quotient (qCO2) and the C SMB/Corg, N SMB/Ntotal and C SMB/N SMB ratios were determined. The different land-use and cultivation systems influenced microbial biomass and activity. The replacement of conventional tillage for organic system recovered C SMBand N SMB levels and improved recycling of nutrients in the microbial biomass (NSMB/Ntotal). The conventional tillage system with burning (BC) was less efficient in use of energy and carbon (high qCO2), resulting in a loss of C-CO2 to the atmosphere.
The research aimed to evaluate and characterize the biomass of leguminous residues, the natural arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus occurrence and the effect of leguminous on the nematodes (Pratylenchus spp.) in sugarcane crop. The experiment was carried out in Piracicaba, São Paulo State, Brazil. The soil was classified as Paleudalf and the sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) cultivar was IAC87-3396. The effects of previous cultivation of legumes were evaluated for five consecutive harvests. The treatments consisted of previous cultivation of legumes: peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivars IAC-Tatu and IAC-Caiapó, sunn hemp IAC 1 (Crotalaria juncea L.) and velvet-bean [Mucuna aterrima (Piper & Tracy) Holland], and a control treatment. We adopted the randomized block design with five replications. The legume most productive was sunn hemp IAC 1 with 10.264kgha-1, followed by velvet-bean with 4.391 kg ha-1 and peanuts IAC-Caiapó and IAC-Tatu with 3.177 kgha-1 and 1.965 kg ha-1, respectively. The peanut IAC-Caiapó and velvet bean were the leguminous crops that resulted in the greater percentage of AM fungus. The lowest population of Pratylenchus spp. was found in the treatments with peanut IAC-Tatu and IAC-Caiapó. After five harvests, sunn hemp was the leguminous crop that induced the greatest sugarcane yield, with 30% increase in cane yield and 35% in sugar yield.
The expansion of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) cultivation for the production of sugar or ethanol has increased cultivated land as well as the volume of residues (such as filter cake) that may be used in agriculture as a nutrient source, reducing environmental contamination and fertilization costs. However, there is a lack of information about the best way of application. In this way, the objective of the present work was to evaluate the effect of the filter cake dose and the application method (on the ground in the row and incorporated between rows) on the technological variables and ratoon yield. The experiment was installed on a sugar cane ratoon (SP 81-3250), cultivated in clay soil in the municipality of Goianésia, State of Goiás, Brazil. The experimental delineation used was randomized blocks with eleven treatments and five replications, in a factorial scheme 5 X 2 + 1, which correspond to 5 increasing doses of filter cake (0, 10, 20, 40 e 80 t ha-1) with 2 modes of application (over the ground in the row and incorporated in the between row) and an additional treatment corresponding to the mineral nutrition done by the company Usina Jalles Machado S.A.. The highest sugar cane ratoon production was obtained when 70 t ha-1 of filter cake were used, independently of the mode of application.
The use of organic wastes plays an important role in agriculture due to its potential for reducing cost of production and minimize environmental impacts. The work was carried out to evaluate the effect of mineral fertilizer and filter cake doses on sugarcane yield and soil chemical characteristics. The experiment was conducted in greenhouse in a randomized block design arranged in a factorial outline with five doses of filter cake (0; 9.25; 18.5; 27.75 e 35 g pot -1), three levels of mineral fertilizer (0; 50 e 100% of the recommended dose) and three replicates with one plant per plot. The results showed that filter cake addition favored soil fertility, increasing the contents of both macro and micronutrients and decreasing Al concentration. Filter cake increased pH while mineral fertilizer acidified the soil. Sugarcane plants responded to filter cake application by increasing the uptake of phosphorus, potassium and copper. The use of 9.25 g of filter cake associated with 50% of the mineral fertilization usually recommended is sufficient in order to increase sugarcane yield while reducing costs with mineral fertilizers.
The ethanol industry in Brazil is booming, resulting in the production of byproducts, among them the vinasse. The industry have used vinasse in agricultural areas through fertigation. The main objective of this study was to analyse the effect of application of vinasse in some chemical attributes of soil and productivity of sugarcane, for a period of three years. The experiment was conducted in soil classified as Quartzipsamment located in Campo Grande, MS, in the period from November 2008 to September 2011. The experimental plots were of 4.2 x 10.0 m (42 m2), and the treatments consisted of vinasse doses (0, 100, 200, 400 and 800 m3 ha-1), distributed in the field in random blocks design with four replications. Vinasse was retrieved from alcohol plant in the region and applied to seedlings of sugarcane (1st, 2nd and 3rd ratoon). The results showed that the vimasse used provided an increase in productivity of sugarcane and increases in pH and exchangeable potassium of soil levels, up to 0.4 m depth.
This work had as its objective in the evaluation of the growth and production of the sugarcare plant under different phosphorus sources. The experiment was carried out in Coruripe, AL, Brazil with 10 fertilizer treatments: 1) Control; 2) NK + micronutrient; 3) Super Phosphate Simple; 4) Triple Super Phosphate; 5) Fosmag; 6) Gafsa; 7) MAP; 8) NPK 06-26-24 (460 kg ha-1); 9) Compost and 10) Simple Super Phosphate - splitdose. The experiment was in random blocks, with four replicates. Parameters evaluated were: number of tillers, height of plants, IAF, rate of stalk growth, rate of biomass production of the stalk, relative growth rate, production and P in leaf and available in soil. P sources did not show any significant influence upon the growth of cane-plant due to the residual effect of previous manuring, with average yield of 80 t ha-1. The triple super phosphate produced the best production in the cane-plant, which presented three growth phases: 1st phase: intense tillering until 120 days after planting (DAP); 2nd phase:intense growth between 120 and 240 DAP; and 3rd phase: maturation, between 240 and 360 DAP. The major growth rate and fresh matter stalk production occurred after intense tillering phase between 120 and 240 DAP.
Crotalaria juncea is very usual as green manures in sugar cane crop; these experiments analyzed the efficiency of Crotalaria juncea as green manure and the interaction with chemical manures (mineral fertilizers) and organic manures using compost of "torta de filtro" in sugar cane fields. The experiments were carried out with typic dystrophic Red latosol (oxisol) in Areado city of Southern Minas Gerais, installed by Monte Alegre Group Adecoagro in the city of Monte Belo - Minas Gerais. The block design was randomized with six treatments and three replicates. The treatments were: Crotalaria juncea and organic manures with "compost of " " torta de filtro"; Crotalaria juncea and Chemical manures (mineral fertilizers); Crotalaria juncea; Organic manures with compost of "torta de filtro" Chemical manures (mineral fertilizers) and control. Response obtained was significantly higher using as green manure Crotalaria juncea associated with organic manures, in both productions sugar cane and sugar. Using only Crotalaria juncea as Green Manure in the formation of a sugar cane field was damaging to all attributes.
Brazil is the world's largest producer of cane sugar, however, in most Brazilian soils between macronutrients essential to plant sugar cane, phosphorus is the most limiting of its production, making it necessary the practice of phosphorus. The most important source of phosphorus is its agronomic efficiency, which expresses its ability to promote the greatest increase in yield per unit of applied phosphorus. The experiment was conducted at Plant Jalles Machado, in Goianésia-GO, for three crop years. The treatments consisted of five phosphate fertilizers, soluble and insoluble at a dose equivalent to 300 kg ha-1 P2O5. The fertilizers used were: triple superphosphate, monoammonium phosphate (MAP), Arad natural reactive phosphate, natural phosphate of Itafós and magnesium thermophosphate. The objective was to calculate the agronomic efficiency of different phosphate fertilizers applied at planting of sugar cane and the profit generated on the basis of this operation and productivity gained. The IEA fertilizers tested is satisfactory and accordingly, such inputs can be used in phosphorus from sugar cane. The application of phosphate fertilizers is shown as a plate for the profitable cane sugar. The sources undergo an increase in its insoluble IEA over the years of cultivation.