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Études Ricœuriennes / Ricœur Studies, Vol 4, No 1 (2013), pp. 140-158
ISSN 2155-1162 (online) DOI 10.5195/errs.2013.156
http://ricoeur.pitt.edu
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0
United States License.
This journal is published by the University Library System of the University of Pittsburgh as part of its
D-Scribe Digital Publishing Program, and is cosponsored by the University of Pittsburgh Press.
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1
The present essay was facilitated by many helpful commentators, including those in the audience at the
third annual Society for Ricoeur Studies Conference at George Mason University as well as the
insightful comments by two anonymous reviewrs.
2
To a certain extent, then, the present essay shares the aim of responding to certain postmodern critics
of Ricoeur, as Alison Scott-Baumann’s Ricoeur and the Hermeneutics of Suspicion (New York:
Continuum Press, 2012), though the focus remains more closely focused on truth than the entirety of
Ricoeur’s hermeneutical project.
3
See, for example, Caputo reiteration of his earlier views in “God, Perhaps: The Diacritical Hermeneutics
of God in the Work of Richard Kearney,” in Philosophy Today, SPEP Supplement (2011): 61.
4
John Caputo, Radical Hermeneutics: Repetition, Deconstruction, and the Hermeneutic Project
(Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 1987), 149.
5
Caputo, Radical Hermeneutics, 5. One might also note that it is just this crticism that stands behind
Caputo’s more recent critiques of Ricoeurian inspired hermeneutics, such as one finds in Richard
Kearney’s The God Who May Be: A Hermeneutics of Religion (Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana
University Press, 2001), Strangers, Gods, and Monsters: Interpreting Otherness (New York:
Routledge Press, 2003) and Anatheism: Returning to God after God (New York: Columbia University
Press, 2010). In Caputo’s essays “The possibility of the impossible: A Response to Richard Kearney”
in Cross and Khora: Deconstruction and Christianity in the Work of John D. Caputo, eds. N. Deroo and
M. Zlomiac (Eugene: Pickwick Press, 2010), 140-150, and “God Perhaps” he criticizes Kearney along
very similar lines.
6
Claude Romano, Il y a (Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 2003), 13. Translation is my own.
7
For this point see Alain Badiou’s statement in “The Subject Supposed to be a Christian: On Paul
Ricoeur’s Memory, History, Forgetting, in The Bible and Critical Theory, trans. Natalie Doyle and
Alberto Toscano, (2006) as well as later reaffirmation of this matter in the notes to Logics of Worlds,
trans. Alberto Toscano (New York: Continuum Press 2009), 516-7.
8
To mention just two other writers, both of whom are sympathetic to Ricoeur, one might consider the
way that T.M. Seebohm, in Hermeneutics: Method and Methodology (Boston: Kluwer Academic
Publishers, 2005) understands his work only to have extended a “hermeneutics of polysemy and
latent meaning,” but returns continually to Gadamer as the more serious innovator (18). Christopher
Smith, in a similar vein, argues that Ricoeur’s work on the relation of self and Other is but a restricted
account of Gadamer’s more pervasive sense of “Zughörigkeit” in his essay “Destruktion-Konstruktion:
Heidegger, Gadamer, Ricoeur” in Gadamer and Ricoeur: Critical Horizons for Contemporary
Hermeneutics, eds. Fransis J. Mootz III and George H. Taylor (New York: Continuum University Press,
2012), 15-40.
9
There are, of course, limits to any consensus. In the following one will find that the presentation of
Heidegger has sided with Thomas Sheehan’s three-level account of Heidegger’s principle focus as
opposed to William Richardson’s two-level account. For a clear account of the former, see Sheehan’s
essay “A Paradigm Shift in Heidegger Research,” Continental Philosophy Review, vol. 34 (2001): 183-
202, for the latter one can of course look to Richardson’s classic Heidegger: Through Phenomenology
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to Thought (New York: Fordham University Press, 2003), especially the first chapter of the second
part over the essay “On the Essence of Truth.” There is a rather deep divide here, but both sides of
this divide agree that what Heidegger was trying to “dig underneath” the discourse of the positive
sciences, and that finitude characterizes what he was after in both his early and late work. These are
the only points of consensus necessary for the current project, though I happen to think that Sheehan
is correct on this score, so that the exposition that follows makes use of his account.
10
Martin Heidegger, Gesamtausgabe, Band 65, Beiträge Zur Philosophie (Vom Ereignis) (Frankfurt Am
Main: Vittorio Klostermann,1989); Contributions to Philosophy (From Enowning), trans. Parvis Emad
and Kenneth Maly (Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press 1999), 351/245.
Hereafter cited as: GA 65.
11
Martin Heidegger, Gesamtausgabe, Band 2, Sein und Zeit, (Tübigen: Max Niemeyer Verlag, 1972);
Being and Time, trans. Joan Stambaugh (Albany: SUNY Press, 1996), 214/198. Hereafter cited as:
GA2.
12
Martin Heidegger, Gesamtausgabe, Band 9, “Vom Wesen des Grundes,” in Wegemarken (Frankfurt am
Main: Klostermann, 1976); “On the Essence of Ground,” in Pathmarks, ed. and trans. by William
McNeill (New York and Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998), 76/138. Hereafter cited as:
GA9.
13
Heidegger also takes care at this point to show how the sense of truth as adaequatio only makes sense
within the framework of Medieval philosophical-theology. The deconstructive suggestion, then, is that
any borrowing of this notion without critically addressing the differences is bound to be confused from
the beginning.
14
Heidegger, GA2, 215/199.
15
Heidegger, GA2, 217/201.
16
Heidegger, GA2, 218/201.
17
Heidegger, GA2, 218/201.
18
Heidegger, GA2, 218/201.
19
Heidegger, GA2, 219/201.
20
John Sallis, Double Truth (Albany: SUNY Press, 1995), 79.
21
Heidegger, GA65, 351/246. Translation modified.
22
For the best account of the difficulties Heidegger encountered on this score, see chapter two of John
Sallis, Echoes: After Heidegger (Indiana and Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1990).
23
Heidegger, GA9, 79/141.
24
Heidegger, GA9, 81/142.
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25
I direct the interested reader to chapter six of John Sallis Double Truth for a careful account of
Heidegger’s full argument.
26
Heidegger, GA9, 89/148.
27
Heidegger, GA9, 89/148.
28
Heidegger, GA9, 89/148Ibid.
29
Heidegger, GA9, 96/153.
30
Heidegger, GA9, 3/84.
31
Heidegger, GA9, 10-11/90.
32
Heidegger, GA9, 12/91.
33
Heidegger, GA9, 12/91.
34
Heidegger, GA9, 118 (page 15 of original publication)/93. The significance of this statement is noted in
Michel Harr, Heidegger and the Essence of Man, trans. William McNeill. (Albany: SUNY Press, 1993)
and an article by Leonard Lawlor’s “Verendlichung (Finitization): The Overcoming of Metaphysics of
Life,” Philosophy Today, (Winter 2004): 399-412.
35
The essay that I have in mind in particular is “Existence and Hermeneutics,” in The Conflict of
Interpretations, ed. Don Ihde (Evanston: Northwestern University Press, 1974), 3-24.
36
Alain Badiou, “Philosophy and Mathematics,” in Conditions, trans. Steven Corcoran (New York:
Continuum Press, 2008), 95.
37
Badiou spells this point out clearly in “Meditation Twenty-Six” of Being and Event, trans. Oliver Feltham
(New York: Continuum Press, 2005) especially subsection seven on Easton’s theorem.
38
Badiou, Being and Event, 278.
39
Making just this point one of the major aims of Badiou’s Number and Numbers, trans. Robin Mackay
(New York: Polity Press, 2008). See especially the introduction, “Number Must Be Thought.”
40
See this essay in John Caputo, More Radical Hermeneutics: On Not Knowing Who We Are (Bloomington:
Indiana University Press, 2000), 151-71.
41
For Heidegger’s account of “cybernetics” see especially his Zollikon Seminars: Protocols,
Conversations, Letters, trans. Franz Mayr and Richard Askay (Evanston: Northwestern University
Press, 2001), days July 9, 1964, May 14, 1965, and November 23, 1965.
42
See Larry Laudan, Science and Values: The Aims of Science and their Role in Scientific Debate (Los
Angeles: University of California Press, 1984).
43
This is, of course, the whole point of the second section of Ricoeur’s “The Task of Hermeneutics” in
From Text to Action: Essays in Hermeneutics II, trans. John B. Thompson (Evanston: Northwestern
University Press, 1991), 53-74.
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44
Paul Ricoeur, Oneself as Another, trans. Kathleen Blamey (Chicago: University of Chicago Press 1992),
302.
45
Paul Ricoeur, What Makes Us Think? A Neuroscientist and a Philosopher Argue About Ethics, Human
Nature, and the Brain (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2000), 4.
46
See Ricoeur’s essay “Nabert on Act and Sign” in Conflict of Interpretations, 211-222.
47
Paul Ricoeur, History and Truth, trans. Charles A. Kelbley (Evanston: Northwestern University Press
2007), 165.
48
Ricoeur, History and Truth, 11.
49
Paul Ricoeur, Fallible Man, trans. Charles A. Kelbley (New York: Fordham University Press, 1986), 1.
50
Ricoeur, Fallible Man, 3.
51
See Don Ihde’s Postphenomenology: Essays in the Postmodern Context (Evanston: Northwestern
University Press, 1993), Expanding Hermeneutics: Visualism in Science (Evanston: Northwestern
University Press, 1998), and Bodies in Technology. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2002).
52
Paul Ricoeur, Symbolism of Evil, trans. Emerson Buchanan (Boston: Beacon Press, 1967), 355.
53
Ricoeur is clearest about the ontological implications of reference for metaphor in chapter eight of The
Rule of Metaphor: The Creation of Meaning in Language, trans. Robert Zerny with Kathleen (New
York: Routledge, 2003). For an equally clear account see Ricoeur’s essay “The Hermeneutical
Function of Distanciation” in From Text to Action, which model of the text undergirds the account of
narrative employed in Oneself as Another and provides a more systematic account of the statements
he makes there.
54
Caputo, “The Hyperbolization of Phenomenology: Two Possibilities for Religion in Recent Continental
Philosophy,” in Counter-Experiences: Reading Jean-Luc Marion, ed. Kevin Hart (Notre Dame:
University of Notre Dame Press, 2007), 67.
55
It is noteworthy that the critical response to Caputo’s essay, Matthew Schunke’s “Apophatic Abuse:
Misreading Heidegger’s Critique of Ontotheology,” Philosophy Today, SPEP Supplement (2009): 164-
172 does not contest the ideal that Caputo establishes, only his fear that Marion submits theology to
philosophic constraints.
56
See Dominique Janicaud, “The Theological Turn of French Phenomenology” in Phenomenology and the
“Theological Turn”: The French Debate, trans. Bernard G. Prusak (New York: Fordham University
Press, 2000), 16-103.
57
Aristotle, Metaphysics: Books I-IX, trans. Hugh Tredennick (Cambridge: Harvard University Press,
1989), 993b20.