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Primulina diffusa (Gesneriaceae), a New Species Endemic to the Karst Limestone Area in Southwestern Guangxi, China
Abstract
Primulina diffusa Xin Hong, Fang Wen & S. B. Zhou (Gesneriaceae), a new species growing in rocky crevices at the foot of a limestone hill near the Sino-Vietnamese border in southwestern Guangxi, China, is described and illustrated. It is morphologically similar to P. hochiensis and P. hochiensis var. rosulata, but can be distinguished by having single-flowered cymes; short peduncle (1-1.5 cm long); narrowly elliptical to subulate bracts, 2-2.5 x ca. 0.6 mm; 1-2 cm long pedicel ; calyx lobes that are densely puberulent on both sides; and filaments that are geniculate near the middle.
... In June 2016, during field investigations in the limestone areas of Guangxi, we discovered an unknown Primulina species with small flowers (ca 1 cm long) and conical tube, with an only slightly shorter adaxial than abaxial lip, with sub-rounded lobes, as well as an ovoid ovary, which are typical characteristics of species of the former genus Chiritopsis (Wang 1981) and now synonymized under the genus Primulina (Weber et al. 2011(Weber et al. , 2013. There are more than 20 Chiritopsis-like Primulina species and three varieties described (Ning et al. 2014, Xu et al. 2019, Qin et al. 2020 (Wang 1981, 1982, Liu and Guo 1989, Shen et al. 2010 (Xu et al. 2009, Pan et al. 2010 (Wu et al. 2012, Pan and Wen 2014, Zhou et al. 2014, Lai et al. 2016), but they are very different from the undescribed species in floral features (for details, see the key below). ...
Primulina fangdingii, a species of Gesneriaceae new to science from Guangxi, China, is corroborated by both morphological and molecular evidence. The new species is similar to P. longzhouensis in leaf shape and size, but is easily distinguished from the latter by its adaxially glabrous leaf blades, yellow corolla with reddish inner surface and yellow filaments. It is also similar to P. repanda in corolla color and corolla shape, but can be diagnosed by its fleshy small leaves with glabrous adaxial surface, glandular and eglandular pubescent pedicels, yellow filaments and annular disc. In addition, Primulina fangdingii is somewhat similar to nine other species of Primulina, including P. cordifolia, P. danxiaensis, P. xiuningensis, P. chingipengii, P. cordistigma, P. diffusa, P. jingxiensis, P. petrocosmeoides and P. sinovietnamica, in either floral or vegetative morphology. However, all these species differ from P. fangdingii by a series of morphological characters. Phylogenetic analyses with ITS and two chloroplast DNA regions (rpL32‐trnL, trnL‐F) revealed that P. fangdingii is sister to P. luochengensis and isolated from its morphological relatives. Primulina fangdingii is described and illustrated here, and a key to the new species and its morphological allies is provided.
... cm) and flowers with broadly infundibuliform (versus campanulate) corollas and purplish glandular-pubescent (versus villous) filaments (Wood 1972), and from P. diffusa by having 3 (versus 2) slightly purplish glandular-pubescent (versus glabrous) staminodes. Besides, Primulina elegans flowers in May to June, while the other two species flowers in October to December (Wood 1972, Zhou et al. 2014. A detailed comparison of the three species is summarized in Table 1. ...
Primulina elegans (Gesneriaceae), a new species from Vietnam is described. This species is similar to P. gemella and P. diffusa in having stolons and papillose‐hispid leaves, but is easily distinguished from them by having 9–15 cymes and corollas with two brown stripes on the adaxial lip and nine purplish lines on the abaxial lip. Furthermore, Primulina elegans differs from P. gemmella by its broadly infundibuliform corollas with purplish glandular pubescent filaments, and from P. diffusa by having three slightly purplish glandular pubescent staminodes.
... In October 2013, during a field investigation in Jiangxi Province, we found some special plants of Primulina that are endemic to the Danxia landform and flower late in the season. After comparing with relevant literature (Wang 1981b, Wei et al. 2010, Weber et al. 2011, Li et al. 2012, Hong et al. 2014, Zhou et al. 2014, Li and Yu 2015, we confirmed that we had found an undescribed species, as described and illustrated below. Weber, but differs by entire leaf blade margin, narrowly ovate bracts, reddish-purple or bluish-purple corolla, 3.0-3.4 ...
Primulina suichuanensis X. L. Yu & J. J. Zhou, a new species of Gesneriaceae from Jiangxi, China, is described and illustrated. Morphologically, the new species is most similar to P. roseoalba, but differs by entire leaf blade margin, narrowly ovate bracts, reddish–purple or bluish–purple corolla, 3.0–3.4 cm long corolla tube, white filaments, and 3.6 cm long pistil. It flowers from September to November.
... The shape of the corolla tube (inflated in the middle, contracted near the mouth) is unusual in this genus, which can be readily distinguished from other species in Northern and Northwestern Guangdong. After consulting the local Flora and relevant literature (Wang et al., 1990(Wang et al., ,1998Li and Wang, 2004;Wei et al., 2010;Hong et al., 2012;Chung et al., 2013;Liang et al., 2013;Lu et al., 2013;Ning et al., 2013;Xu et al., 2013;Zhao et al., 2013;Li et al., 2014;Wen and Wei, 2014;Zheng and Deng, 2014;Zhou et al., 2014) and herbarium specimens deposited at ANU, BJFU, CDBI, CTC, GH, HN, IBK, IBSC, KUN, NU, PH, PE, US and VMN, we identified the collected specimens as a new species, Primulina lechangensis. The new species is described and illustrated along with its distribution map. ...
Primulina lechangensis (Gesneriaceae), a new species from northern Guangdong province in southern China is described and illustrated. Its morphology suggests affinities to P. longicalyx, but can be distinguished from similar taxon by several distinct characters including: smaller leaf blade (2.0-3.5 × 1.0-1.2 cm), base cuneate-attenuate; smaller bracts (1.0-1.5 × c. 0.15 cm); shorter calyx lobes (0.8-0.9 cm long) tuberculate inside; smaller corolla tube (c. 2 cm long), inflated in the middle and contracted near the mouth; shorter glabrous filaments (0.3-0.4 cm long), inserted 1.3-1.5 cm from base of corolla; stamens and staminodes glabrous; pistil 1.4-1.5 cm long, and capsule c. 1.5 cm long. This species is further exemplified by photographs, and a distribution map is presented.
... As a result of further exploring and study, some of these special and unique habitats are now better understood (Xu 2007). Many new taxa of Primulina have been reported in recent years, such as P. bullata S. N. Lu & Fang Wen (Lu & al. 2013) Lü (Wen & al. 2014), P. crassirhizoma F. Wen, Bo Zhao & Xin Hong (Zhao & al. 2013), P. diffusa X. Hong, F. Wen, & S. B. Zhou ( Zhou & al. 2014), P. leprosa & al. 2010, under Chirita;), P. ningmingensis Wu & al. 2011, under Chirita; and P. sinovietnamica W. H. Wu & Q. Zhang (Wu & al. 2012). ...
Wen F., Lai B.-D., Zhao Z.-G. He J.-Y. & Jiang B.-S.: Primulina heterochroa (Gesneriaceae), a new species from a tropical limestone area in Guangxi, China. — Willdenowia 45: 45–51. 2015. — Version of record first published online on 02 March 2015 ahead of inclusion in April 2015 issue; ISSN 1868-6397; © 2015 BGBM Berlin-Dahlem. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3372/wi.45.45104 Primulina heterochroa (Gesneriaceae) is described and illustrated here. This new species morphologically resembles P. pungentisepala and P. minutimaculata, but it is easily distinguished from congeners by some qualitative and quantitative characters in leaf, bract, calyx, indumentum, corolla and inflorescence. The conservation status of P. heterochroa is assessed as Critically Endangered (CR) according to IUCN Red List categories and criteria.
... Based on comparisons with the relevant literature (Wang et al. 1990, 1998, Li and Wang 2004, Wei 2010, Weber et al . 2013) and descriptions of some recently published species (Cai et al. 2013, Chung et al. 2013, Jiang and Li 2013, Lu et al. 2013, Ning et al. 2013, Li et al. 2014, Liang et al. 2014, Wen and Wei 2014, Zheng et al. 2014, Zhou et al. 2014), we concluded that it was indeed an hitherto undescribed species. Xu & K.F. ...
A new species of Primulina, P. moi, from Guangdong, China, is described and illustrated. It is similar to P. lijiangensis in leaf shape, but can be distinguished by several characters, such as base of corolla tube constricted, lobes of adaxial lip ovate, abaxial lip 3-lobed from base, lobes elliptic or oblong elliptic with cuspidate apex, yellow corolla and filaments, two non-adhesive anthers when corolla is open, adnate only before anthesis and 2 stamnoides.
Alluvial forests dominated by black alder (Alnus glutinosa) are widespread in Europe along river banks and watercourses forming a habitat of renowned ecological/conservation importance. Despite the considerable interest this habitat has attracted in terms of the associated fungal diversity, very few pertinent data are available from the eastern Mediterranean. Andros island (Aegean Sea, Greece) hosts the southernmost population of A. glutinosa in the Balkan Peninsula; such stands have been systematically inventoried for several years in respect to macrofungi. In total, 187 specimens were collected and studied by examining morphoanatomic features and by evaluating (when necessary) the outcome of sequencing the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) to elucidate their identity and obtain an insight into phylogenetic relationships. As a result, 106 species were recorded, 92 are saprotrophic and 14 form ectomycorrhizae (ECM) with alders. Twenty-one species are first national records, while 68 other species are reported for the first time from this habitat in Greece. Several findings of particular interest due to their rarity, ecological preferences and/or taxonomic status are presented in detail and discussed, e.g., six Alnicola taxa, Cortinarius americanus, Lactarius obscuratus, Paxillus olivellus and Russula pumila (among the ECMs), and the saprotrophs Entoloma uranochroum, Gymnopilus arenophilus, Hyphoderma nemorale, Lepiota ochraceofulva, Phanerochaete livescens and Psathyrella hellebosensis.
A new species of Gesneriaceae, Primulina porphyrea, is described and illustrated from southern Hunan, China. The new species resembles P. polycephala and P. yangshuoensis in leaf blade shape and indumentum of the plants, but it can be easily distinguished by having long petiole and purple leaf abaxial surface, purple corolla lobes and yellow corolla tube with several reddish-purple stripes, dark yellow filaments, and 3 staminodes. It flowers from May to August.
A new species of Gesneriaceae, Primulina hunanensis, is described and illustrated from southern Hunnan, China. Morphologically, it is similar to P. cordata ( = Chirita cordifolia), but differs by having much larger leaves, broadly ovate or ovate bracts, 2–12 (–25)-flowers, longer peduncle and purple corolla. It also resembles P. eburnea in the shape of the bracts and the colour of the corolla, but can be distinguished by longer petioles (9–25 cm long), cordate, ovate-cordate or broadly ovate leaf lamina with rounded or obtuse apex, not entire leaf margin, and either cordate or deeply cordate leaf base. Detailed morphological description, diagnostic comparisons, habitat and micro-morphology of seeds and pollen under SEM are presented.
Primulina crassirhizoma F. Wen, Bo Zhao & Xin Hong, a new species from a limestone area along the boundary of Sino-Vietnam, is described and illustrated. It is similar to P. linearifolia and P. longgangensis in leaf and flower shape, but can be distinguished by extremely strong rhozime, with conspicuous internodes, leaf blade adaxial surface nitid, sparsely appressed strigose, lateral veins 6-8 on each side of midrib, calyx narrowly triangular to narrowly ovate, corolla pale purple to bluish purple, c. 3.5 cm long, tube nearly tubular, adaxial lip c. 6 mm, abaxial lip 8-9 mm, glabrous anthers and staminodes 3.
Primulina hochiensis var. rosulata, a new endemic variety from Guangxi, China, is described and illustrated. It is similar to P. hochiensis sensu stricto, but differs in lacking stolons, the different indumentum of peduncle, corolla, filament and anthers, leaf blades elliptical to slightly ovate, calyx purple, corolla white or pink, filaments geniculate close to the base, staminodes 3, and stigmas translucent to white, obtrapeziform, 2-lobed.
Primulina purpurea F. Wen, B. Zhao & Y.G Wei, a new species from East Guangxi, China, is described and illustrated. The new species resembles P. medica (D. Fang) Y. Z. Wang, but differs from the latter by having broadly ovate to elliptic, left-right slightly asymmetry leaf blade, brightly purple to fuchsia corolla, broadly lanceolate to narrowly ovate bracts with villous hairs outside and pubescent hairs inner, pistil 23.526.8 mm long, staminodes 3, capsule 4.5-5.0 cm long. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpt.v19i2.13131 Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 19(2): 167-172, 2012 (December)
A new species of Primulina is described and illustrated from southern China (Guangxi zhuang Autonomous Region) as P. guizhongensis. This new species is similar to P. spadiciformis based on morphological characters. Sequences of nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and the plastid trnL-F intronspacer (trnL-F) from the new species and its 22 relatives are used to resolve generic placement of the new species in Primulina. In spite of three species are vastly different in morphology, the molecular evidences showed that the closest relatives of P. guizhongensis are P. mollifolia and P. luochengensis. The conservation threat analysis is summarized according to the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria.
Sequences from the internal transcribed spacer region of nuclear DNA (ITS) and the trnL-F regions of chloroplast DNA for fifteen species of Chirita and seven species of Chiritopsis were used to assess phylogenetic relationships between Chiritopsis and Chirita section Gibbosaccus. Parsimony and Bayesian inference (BI) analyses were conducted using separate nuclear and chloroplast data sets, as well as a combined data set. Phylogenetic trees resulting from separate analyses proved highly congruent and the combined analysis of the two data sets produced a well-supported topology of the species and sections examined. Section Gibbosaccus proved paraphyletic and Chiritopsis polyphyletic in all analyses. Our results provide evidence that the species of Chiritopsis are embedded in section Gibbosaccus and were derived at least twice from within section Gibbosaccus. Finally, we reconsider the morphological evolution and adaptation between and within the two genera. The present analyses indicate that nomenclatural changes will be needed to reflect more accurately relationships in the Gibbosaccus-Chiritopsis complex. Only about 10% of the species in Chirita have been sampled and further data are required before any taxonomic changes can be suggested.