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Rosemary oil vs minoxidil 2% for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia: a randomized comparative trial
Abstract
Rosmarinus officinalis L. is a medicinal plant with diverse activities including enhancement microcapillary perfusion. The present study aimed to investigate the clinical efficacy of rosemary oil in the treatment of androgenetic alopecia (AGA) and compare its effects with minoxidil 2%. Patients with AGA were randomly assigned to rosemary oil (n = 50) or minoxidil 2% (n = 50) for a period of 6 months. After a baseline visit, patients returned to the clinic for efficacy and safety evaluations every 3 months. A standardized professional microphotographic assessment of each volunteer was taken at the initial interview and after 3 and 6 months of the trial. No significant change was observed in the mean hair count at the 3-month endpoint, neither in the rosemary nor in the minoxidil group (P > .05). In contrast, both groups experienced a significant increase in hair count at the 6-month endpoint compared with the baseline and 3-month endpoint (P < .05). No significant difference was found between the study groups regarding hair count either at month 3 or month 6 (> .05). The frequencies of dry hair, greasy hair, and dandruff were not found to be significantly different from baseline at either month 3 or month 6 trial in the groups (P > .05). The frequency of scalp itching at the 3- and 6-month trial points was significantly higher compared with baseline in both groups (P < .05). Scalp itching, however, was more frequent in the minoxidil group at both assessed endpoints (P < .05). The findings of the present trial provided evidence with respect to the efficacy of rosemary oil in the treatment of AGA.
... A Rosmarinus offi cinalis L. (alecrim), pertence à família Labiatae é uma erva nativa da região do mediterrâneo, mas é cultivada em vários lugares do mundo. O alecrim tem em sua composição o 1,8-cineol, borneol, acetato de bornila, cânfora, alfa-pineno e beta-pineno, que são fundamentais no crescimento capilar, através das suas propriedades antioxidantes e vasodilatadoras (Panahi et al., 2015). ...
... Outro estudo foi realizado por Panahi et al. (2015), em um período de seis meses, em cem pacientes do sexo masculino com alopecia androgenética com idades entre 18 e 49 anos. O estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a efi cácia e segurança do óleo de alecrim no tratamento da alopecia androgenética em comparação com o minoxidil. ...
... Ao fi nal de seis meses, a pesquisa apresentou resultados satisfatórios, os pacientes apresentaram um aumento da quantidade de cabelo, resultado semelhante ao do minoxidil, mas aqueles que utilizaram o óleo de alecrim não apresentaram efeitos adversos como prurido. O óleo de alecrim possui propriedades antioxidantes e vasodilatadoras, a cânfora que é um componente do alecrim, tem propriedade aumentar a circulação sanguínea nos capilares do couro cabeludo resultando no estímulo do crescimento do cabelo (Panahi et al., 2015). ...
A Alopecia Areata é uma doença que resulta em perda de cabelo, devido ao ataque errôneo do sistema imunológico aos folículos capilares pelo excesso de estresse e ansiedade. Além disso, infecções virais e outros distúrbios autoimunes podem ser fatores que contribuem para o surgimento da doença e, ainda, as consequências bioquímicas advindas do estresse e ansiedade no organismo, afetam o sistema imunológico do indivíduo. Este trabalho aborda de maneira abrangente a preocupação com a saúde capilar, concentrando-se nos desafios enfrentados por muitas pessoas devido à consequências causadas pela alopecia areata. Destaca-se o estudo aprofundado dos benefícios para cuidados capilares baseado em ingredientes naturais como alternativa saudável e eficaz aos produtos químicos agressivos comumente encontrados no mercado. O objetivo deste trabalho é buscar estudos clínicos e evidências científicas para fundamentar a utilização de produtos fitoterápicos no manejo da alopecia areata, sugerir alternativas terapêuticas e compreender o mecanismo de ação e as interações dos princípios ativos. A metodologia do presente trabalho foi desenvolvida através de um levantamento de dados na literatura científica para investigar os benefícios dos fitoterápicos no tratamento da alopecia areata, explorando o potencial terapêutico dos produtos fitoterápicos no tratamento da alopecia areata, investigando sua segurança, eficácia e considerações clínicas. Portanto, ao finalizar este trabalho, espera-se oferecer não apenas uma contribuição para a ciência, mas também apresentar uma proposta tangível de abordagens terapêuticas e cuidados capilares que, com base em evidências científicas, possa melhorar significativamente a qualidade de vida daqueles que enfrentam a alopecia areata.
... e, por isso, deve-se considerar suas distinções para que se atinja a eficácia desejada através dos tratamentos (MULINARI-BRENNER; SEIDEL; HEPP, 2011). A perda capilar é visivelmente diferente nas mulheres, ocorrendo de maneira difusa e sendo observada primordialmente na região central.O óleo de alecrimConsiderando, então, o óleo essencial de alecrim, entre seus principais constituintes estão: cânfora, 1,8-cineol, α-pineno, borneol, canfeno, α-pineno, β-pineno e acetato de bornilo(PANAHI et al., 2015). Entre as características desse óleo, vale citar seu aroma, que é bem demarcado pela cânfora; sua coloração pode ser amarelo claro ou incolor; além de ser insolúvel em água (PORTE;GODOY, 2001).Suas aplicações na área da estética se justificam por suas principais atividades farmacológicas, dentre elas: anti inflamatória, antibacteriana, antioxidante, entre outras(ANDRADE et al., 2018). ...
... Em um outro estudo,Panahi et. al. (2015) comparou os efeitos do alecrim em relação ao minoxidil tópico a 2% em homens portadores de AAG. Nesse caso, o efeito vasodilatador do alecrim foi comprovadamente justificado por sua ação no músculo liso que leva ao relaxamento dos vasos sanguíneos do couro cabeludo e que pode estar relacionado ao efeito da cânfora. Com isso, aumenta a c ...
... Nesse mesmo estudo observou-se que, como consequência de seus mecanismos, o alecrim promoveu um crescimento significativamente ''igual'' (sem diferenças significativas) ao do minoxidil tópico a 2%, um dos fármacos mais utilizados atualmente para o tratamento de queda capilar. Quanto à satisfação dos pacientes, o grupo que foi tratado com alecrim demonstrou um maior contentamento devido aos efeitos adversos (exemplo: prurido) quase nulos(PANAHI et al., 2015).Fotobiomodulação A Terapia por Fotobiomodulação é uma terapia acessível e não invasiva que utiliza de luz de baixa energia para induzir efeitos terapêuticos e que está sendo cada vez mais utilizada na área estética. Essa terapia foi inserida na área da saúde por volta de 1960, mais especificamente para o tratamento de feridas e pós-cirúrgicos (NUNO, 2021). ...
Os cabelos, reconhecidos como símbolo de atração e virilidade, são suscetíveis a influências negativas de fatores internos e externos, impactando a autoestima das pessoas. A alopecia androgenética (AAG), uma causa comum de queda de cabelo, motiva esforços para preservar e restaurar a saúde capilar. Visando contribuir com a recuperação e manutenção da saúde capilar, a estética vem desenvolvendo diversos tipos de tratamentos nas últimas décadas, como a fitoterapia e a fotobiomodulação. Com isso, o objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar uma revisão narrativa, sobre a utilização do óleo essencial de alecrim em associação com a fotobiomodulação no tratamento da AAG. Nesse contexto, o óleo de alecrim tem se destacado por suas propriedades antioxidantes, vasodilatadoras e efeito anti androgênico. Já a fotobiomodulação (FBM) age aumentando as atividades respiratórias, a circulação sanguínea e, consequentemente, a síntese de adenosina trifosfato, contribuindo com o processo de proliferação, reparação e regeneração celular. Por isso, o efeito combinado da FBM com tratamentos fitoterápicos pode ser ideal nesse contexto, contribuindo com a efetivação desses efeitos e potencializando os resultados desejados no tratamento da AAG.
... O presente artigo se trata de uma revisão sistemática de literatura realizada através da definição de critérios que foram desde a análise desses artigos à apresentação dos resultados obtidos através da pesquisa. Todos os estudos aqui apresentados obtiveram resultados conclusivos, controlados por um grupo controle [9] [10] [11]. ...
... Atualmente, apenas dois fármacos são aprovados pela food and drug administration (FDA) para o tratamento dessas afecções, o minoxidil e a finasterida. No que tange à utilização do minoxidil, Panahi (2015, p. 15) [11], diz que "(...) estão associados a vários efeitos adversos, como coceira, problemas circulatórios, hirsutismo, diminuição da libido, anomalias fetais masculinas e recorrência de queda de cabelo após a interrupção do uso da droga". ...
... Panahi (2015) [11], observou que a administração dos fármacos deve ser de responsabilidade médica, com atenção às suas reações adversas. Por ser um tratamento de longa duração, é de suma importância a supervisão médica e, em nenhuma hipótese é aconselhável a automedicação. ...
This article reviews the analysis of the action potential of essential oils in alopecia-type baldness, emphasizing androgenetic alopecia, telogen effluvium and alopecia areata. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of essential oils as a treatment for alopecia through a bibliographical review of scientific articles relevant to the topic. This is a systematic literature review carried out through the definition of criteria ranging from analysis to presentation of results. For the identification and selection of studies, a search was carried out for publications indexed in the Google Scholar, Lilacs, PubMed and Scielo databases, referring to the period from 2012 to 2022, based on descriptors. The articles were selected according to title, abstract and keywords. It is also necessary to discuss the benefits of these essential oils from a clinical, dermatological and therapeutic point of view.
... 28 Moreover, a randomized comparative trial conducted in 2015 showed rosemary oil to be comparable in effect to 2% minoxidil for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia. 29 Details of the studies regarding the efficacy of rosemary oil will be discussed below. ...
... In addition, further investigation revealed 12-methoxycarnosic acid to be the most active inhibitory constituent. 29 Indeed, further studies have to be conducted to support the promising therapeutic benefits of rosemary oil in the management of androgenic alopecia. As in other studies, rosemary oil showed good tolerability with minimum irritation. ...
Androgenetic alopecia is a chronic dermatological condition in which genetically predisposed individuals undergo progressive hair loss secondary to the effects of circulating androgens. It has been well documented that dihydrotestosterone binds to the androgenic receptors prevalent in the scalp, thus inducing miniaturization of the hair follicle. To date, the only FDA approved medications for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia are finasteride and minoxidil. A plethora of studies have been conducted testing the efficacy of various herbal compounds, but additional research is needed to further establish the concrete efficacy of such natural remedies in treating androgenetic alopecia. Of late, rosemary oil has gained mass popularity as a promising natural alternative. This review article will not only provide a detailed background on this ancient herbal component but will additionally overview all other major herbal alternatives including peppermint oil, tea tree oil, green tea, pumpkin seed oil, saw palmetto, and lavender oil and will summarize the latest clinical studies, which have tested their efficacy for the management of androgenetic alopecia.
... The vitamins and minerals in rosemary can help to nourish and hydrate the hair, leaving it looking shiny and healthy. [6] Disadvantages ...
... Apply a few drops of the serum onto your fingertips and massage it into your scalp and hair, focusing on the ends. Use it as a leave-in treatment or overnight treatment for best results [6] . Rosemary leaves 3 gm 3 gm 2 gm 2. ...
... Rosmarinus officinalis. The essential oil improves microcirculation surrounding the hair follicle [31] . Bioactive compounds of R. officinalis are phenolic acids, mainly caffeic and rosmarinic acid, and monoterpenoids like 1,8-cineole [17] . ...
... Significant increase in hair count was reported for both treatments without significant difference between the study groups. Scalp irritation was more frequent in minoxidil 2 % solution group [31] . Fresh leaves and flowering buds contain rosmarinic acid, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, carnosic acid, rosmanol, carnosol, and different diterpenes and many other natural antioxidants, ursolic acid, glycolic acid, and rosmaricine. ...
... However, in the case of androgenetic alopecia, Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil was found to be less effective than minoxidil (2%). However, minoxidil users experienced more scalp itching [111]. Another study by Hosny et al. [112] discovered nanocubosomes loaded with finasteride and oregano essential oil in an aloe vera ferox gel base to be effective in treating alopecia. ...
... Essential oils (Lavender, Rosemary, Thyme, and Cedarwood) -Improving alopecia areata ailment. [110][111][112][113] Keratin extract -Good availability of crucial amino acids present in keratin extract, thus promoting hair growth and reducing the hair fall. [114][115][116] Bee products -Inhibiting 5-α-reductase enzyme activity and stimulating the proliferation of human dermal papilla cells. ...
Background: Hair loss or alopecia is a common dermatological condition affecting up to 2% of the world population. It is often caused by hereditary factors, such as male or female pattern baldness, but it can also result from various environmental factors, an unbalanced diet, or chronic illness. While hair loss is not life-threatening, it can cause significant anxiety, depression, and other psychological problems, ultimately impacting an individual's quality of life.
Objective: Various treatments for hair loss, including both synthetic drugs, such as minoxidil and finasteride, or medicinal herbs, have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration. Despite synthetic drugs' effectiveness, they may come with potential side effects. Natural remedies have been proposed as a viable option for treating hair loss because many chronic disorders can cause alopecia. As such, this review focuses on identifying alternative, efficient treatment agents with limited side effects. Specifically, it looks into medicinal plants as potential healing agents for treating hair loss.
Methods: To gather relevant information for the study, multiple databases were searched, including Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar. A comprehensive search was conducted using a range of search terms, such as "hair loss," "alopecia," "natural remedies for hair loss," "herbal treatments for hair loss," and others to extract relevant scientific articles.
Results: Many medicinal plants and natural compounds have shown potential in reducing hair loss, thanks to their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties and the ability to improve local metabolism when applied externally. According to existing literature, herbal extracts and formulations derived from plants, such as Urtica dioica, Humulus lupulus, Serenoa repens, Vitis vinifera, Pygeum africanum, Cucurbita pepo, etc., as well as certain individual herbal compounds, micronutrients, bee products, and keratin, may be effective in reducing hair loss directly or indirectly.
Conclusion: Research suggests that medicinal plants and a variety of natural compounds hold promise in promoting hair growth and preventing alopecia.
... 7 More recently, in a randomized comparative trial with 100 AGA patients, topical application of rosemary essential oilcontaining lotion (3.7 mg/mL) showed positive effect on hair loss, which was noninferior to 2% MXD. 8 In another study, topical application of 3% peppermint (Mentha piperita) essential oils was proved via animal experiment to significantly increase dermal thickness and follicle number in the dorsal area of mice, which was more prominent than 3% MXD. 9 These studies provide initial clinical or experimental trials for the therapeutic efficiency of a few essential oils; however, the number of investigated essential oils is a far cry from what is needed to form diversified compound essential oil formulae used in aromatherapy and cosmetics. In addition, these studies fail to include the safety application concentration which is a prerequisite for a safe application. ...
Background
Rhizome Angelica sinensis and Ligusticum sinense ‘chuanxiong’ are the main medicinal herbs used in traditional Chinese or Asian medicine to treat alopecia likely associated with their expertise in invigorating blood circulation. However, the effects of the volatile essential oils present in their aboveground parts are unclear.
Objective
To evaluate the general safety of essential oils from A. sinensis and L. sinense ‘chuanxiong’ leaves and evaluate their hair grow promoting effect on model mice and cells of dehydrotestosterone-induced androgenetic alopecia.
Methods
Essential oil safety was evaluated based on acute oral/dermal/eye irritation toxicity tests on laboratory animals. Essential oils (5%, 3% and 1%) were topically applied to model mice with dehydrotestosterone-induced androgenetic alopecia for 28 days. They (50-200 mg/L) were appended to the monoculture of model cells of dehydrotestosterone-induced androgenetic alopecia for 48 h.
Results
Both essential oils showed no acute toxicity. Mice dorsal skin indicated faster hair regrowth initiated by essential oils than by 3% minoxidil. Histological analysis shows that both essential oils increased the follicle number and dermal thickness in mice treated with dehydrotestosterone, with 1% A. sinensis and 3% L. sinense ‘chuanxiong’ essential oils performing the best. The 1% A. sinensis and 3% L. sinense ‘chuanxiong’ essential oils exhibited an average number of hair follicles (pcs/field of view) of 69.73 and 70.13, respectively, which were significantly larger than that of the model (14.80) and minoxidil (36.53) treated mice. Both essential oils significantly reversed the dehydrotestosterone-induced inhibition of secretion of hair growth promotors, the vascular endothelial growth factor and keratinocyte growth factor, in cultured cells.
Conclusion
A. sinensis and L. sinense ‘chuanxiong’ essential oils may act as safe and effective adjuvant agents in aromatherapy and cosmetics to treat human hair loss.
... Включването на етерични масла и билки в козметични препарати е широко разпространено, като варира от кремове и серуми до шампоани и балсами (7). ...
This article elaborates on the significant role of essential oils and herbs in cosmetic medicine, focusing on their therapeutic benefits and applications in skin care, hair care, and overall dermatological health. Essential oils, extracted from plants, have been used for centuries due to their powerful antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. Herbs, with a rich historical background in traditional medicine, are increasingly popular in contemporary cosmetic products. This exposition provides a comprehensive review of the scientific literature, highlighting how these natural substances exert their effects and their potential as alternatives or supplements to synthetic ingredients in cosmeceutical products. Several studies suggest that essential oils and herbs not only offer a natural and holistic approach to beauty but also meet the growing consumer demand for clean and sustainable solutions for the aesthetic health and biological well-being of the skin. The study aims to examine the most significant properties of essential oils and herbs that affect the skin and their application in modern cosmetic medicine.
... Another increasingly explored alternative for androgenic alopecia treatment is the use of botanical oils [127][128][129], more prominently saw palmetto and rosemary oil, which have 5-α reductase inhibitor activity [130,131]. For example, rosemary oil microsponges were 1.5 and 1.2 times more successful in improving hair length, thickness, and bulb diameter in in vivo rat models than minoxidil and rosemary oil gel, respectively [117]. ...
Introduction:
Androgenic alopecia is a multifactorial disease with a high incidence and a great psychological burden on patients. The current FDA-approved treatment is topical minoxidil or oral finasteride. However, both present significant limitations. While the systemic absorption of finasteride causes serious sexual side effects, minoxidil's low solubility imposes a challenge in obtaining a non-irritative and effective formulation. One way to solve such limitations is by using nanocarriers targeting the drug delivery to the hair follicles upon topical application.
Areas covered:
Here, we review which advancements have been made to achieve a more effective treatment for androgenic alopecia, focusing on nanocarriers for the topical drug delivery systems developed to target hair follicles.
Expert opinion:
The results from multiple reviewed studies demonstrate the potential of incorporating drugs into different nanocarriers to improve follicular targeting in drug delivery for androgenic alopecia treatment. However, many studies fail to perform the proper controls. Most studies also do not quantify the drug accumulation in all skin layers, especially in hair follicles, which avoids comparisons between different nanocarriers and, hence, reliable conclusions. Future experiments with a broader nanocarrier size range, suitable skin models and controls, and clinical tests to assess the safety of developed formulations will improve the androgenic alopecia treatment.
... The effects of familiarity and the protective effect of a high consumption of salad and of the use of fresh herbs remained statistically significant for all three polymorphisms, showing that the etiopathogenesis of AGA has a strong genetic component but is affected by nutrition, and thus confirming its multifactorial nature [33]. Specifically, the observed effects of fresh herb use and salad consumption are in agreement with the results of randomized clinical trials employing phytochemicals either topically [34,35] or simultaneously topically and orally [36]. Phytochemicals have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor properties that are considered responsible for the ability of plant food nutrients to prevent chronic diseases [37]. ...
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) found to be associated with Androgenetic Alopecia (AGA) to date, are characterized by an apparent reduced penetrance into the phenotype suggesting a role of other factors in the etiology of AGA. Objective: We conducted a study to investigate the role of specific allelic variants in AGA controlling for nutritional and lifestyle factors. Methods: Individual patterns of SNPs present in the baldness susceptibility locus at 20p11 (rs1160312 and rs6113491) or close to the androgen receptor (AR) gene in chromosome X (rs1041668) were investigated in 212 male subjects. Information on socio-demographic characteristics, medical history, smoking, and diet was also collected. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: After controlling for age, diet, BMI, family history of AGA, and smoking, an increased risk of AGA was found for subjects with [A] alleles for both rs1160312 (OR: 2.97; 95% CI: 1.34–6.62) and rs6113491 (OR: 2.99; 95% CI: 1.37–6.52), and for subjects with the TT genotype for rs1041668 (OR: 4.47; 95% CI: 1.60–12.5). Multivariate logistic regression indicates that diet, familiarity, and BMI, but not smoking, remain statistically significant despite the different SNP genotypes. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first indication that the rs1160312, rs6113491, and rs1041668 polymorphisms are independent risk factors for AGA that can be modulated by diet.
... Begum et al. carried a study where after treatment with a herbal hair lotion loaded with rosemary, mice experienced an increase in hair follicle count, hair weight, and hair length (Begum et al., 2023). In another study, in humans, rosemary proved effective for treating androgenetic alopecia (Panahi et al., 2015). Several mechanisms behind rosemary's hair growth promoting properties have been proposed. ...
Rosemary (Salvia rosmarinus) is an aromatic herb with a multitude of uses. It is both a seasoning in various dishes, and a natural remedy for several diseases mainly due to its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects. Plus, it is also used in cosmetic industry and for improving agriculture practices and helping the environment, since it may be a natural antimicrobial. It is worth noting that this plant is also grown and commercialized in Uzbekistan, thus, if added value is given to rosemary’s products, it has potential for improving living conditions and helping in the economy of local farmers and entrepreneurs. In this work, we discuss a technique for obtaining rosemary essential oil, rich in terpenes, by vacuum assisted hydrodistillation. This is a solventless environmentally friendly and safe technique that allows the obtention of an added value rosemary product where terpenes, compounds responsible for most of rosemary’s properties, are the most abundant. Two samples of locally acquired rosemary were sourced, essential oil was extracted, and characterization was then performed by Solid Phase Micro Extraction (SPME) and Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). As a comparison, a direct injection of a dilution of one of the essential oil samples was also performed. It was concluded that samples of essential oil obtained from both sources were entirely composed of terpenes or terpene derivatives. Besides, SPME was a superior method when compared to direct injection, since a larger number of volatiles was able to be identified.
... Examples include mainly rosemary and saw palmetto oils, which are both 5-alpha reductase inhibitors [64,65], and pumpkin seed oil, which has anti-inflammatory properties and increases microcapillary perfusion [66]. Despite these characteristics, and the rising interest in such oils [67][68][69], aside from not being FDA-regulated, there is a lack of data in the literature about their efficacy and safety for androgenic alopecia treatment. ...
Androgenic alopecia has a high incidence, affecting 80% of men and 50% of women in their lifetimes. Although not a life-threatening disease, it can be a deep psychological burden to patients and still lacks an effective and safe treatment. Dutasteride is a5-alpha-reductase inhibitor approved to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia that is also commonly prescribed off-label to treat androgenic alopecia. However, oral dutasteride may cause several severe sexual and neurological sideeffects. Therefore, an effective, localized dutasteride treatment that can reduce the effects of systemic uptake is of great interest. Here, we review available therapies to treat androgenic alopecia focusing on topicalformulations developed thus far-including minoxidil, finasteride, and cosmetics-and on dutasteride-loaded nanocarriers targeting hair follicles.
... Scalp massage has been shown to favor hair growth within 24 weeks of therapy, via improvement in blood circulation 23 and optimal mechanical stimulation of dermal papillae24 which increases hair-related gene expression such as IL6ST, BMP4, NOGGIN, and SMAD4 25,26 . Additionally, the use of rosemary 27 and tea tree 28 oils have proven to boost hair growth in patients with alopecia. These natural remedies may be of bene t and need further study for their utility in women wearing the hijab to prevent in ammatory scalp conditions and premature hair loss. ...
Background There is scarce literature that highlights the association of scalp dermatoses and consistent head cover practiced in various religions and cultures. Methods A national-level cross-sectional study was conducted via online survey dissemination to hijab-observing female university students of Pakistan. Participant characteristics, activities and hijab-related practices were compared with subjective deterioration of scalp health (SDSH) after starting hijab through a cross-sectional survey. The Kruskal-Wallis test for continuous variables and Pearson χ2 test for categorical variables were used. Multivariable logistic regression was employed to investigate the possible associations. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Our results showed that scalp health subjectively deteriorated in 302 (59.3%) of the 509 hijab-observing women. Multivariable logistic regression revealed that being employed (odds ratio [OR], 2.03 [95% CI, 1.08-3.82]; P = 0.027), making tight hairstyles at least once a week (OR, 2.27 [95% CI, 1.40-3.70]; P = 0.001) and using hijab daily (OR, 1.97 [95% CI, 1.12-3.44]; P = 0.018) were associated with an increased likelihood of SDSH. While performing scalp care for at least once daily (OR, 0.48 [95% CI, 0.31 -0.76]; P = 0.002) and washing hijab after single or two-time use (OR, 0.40 [95% CI, 0.27-0.59]; P = 0.000) were associated with a lower likelihood of SDSH. Conclusion Our results will help in formulating pioneering guidelines on scalp care tailored for Muslim women who observe hijab and perhaps also other faiths and cultures in which the head is ritually covered.
... Considering the concerns associated with the use of conventional drugs for seborrheic dermatitis, such as Panahi and colleagues conducted a study to investigate the clinical efficacy of rosemary oil in treating androgenetic alopecia and compared its effects with 2% minoxidil over a period of six months in 100 patients. Both groups experienced a significant increase in hair count at the 6-month endpoint compared to the baseline [32]. The study conducted by Lahraseb and colleagues also showed that the simultaneous use of rosemary topically can enhance the efficacy of minoxidil in the treatment of alopecia areata [33]. ...
Introduction:
Seborrheic dermatitis manifests as greasy itchy lesions commonly affecting sebum-rich areas like the scalp and face. Its prevalence is 11.6% in the general population, with various internal and environmental factors contributing to its development.
Objectives:
This study aimed to compare the efficacy of rosemary extract lotion in the treatment of seborrheic dermatitis in comparison with topical 2% ketoconazole lotion.
Methods:
This double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial included 42 patients with scalp seborrheic dermatitis, divided into rosemary lotion and ketoconazole lotion groups. Both lotions were applied twice daily for two months. The severity of scalp dandruff was assessed using the Adherent Scalp Flaking Score (ASFS). The itchiness of the scalp and quality of life were assessed using itchy quant and the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), respectively. Stata software version 14.2 was applied for statistical analysis.
Results:
The reduction in ASFS score was statistically significant in patients in the ketoconazole group in comparison with the patients in the rosemary group (P = 0.011). However, the reduction in itching score was statistically significant more in the rosemary group at the end of the first and second months in comparison with the ketoconazole group (P < 0.001). The statistical analysis demonstrated no significant difference in the reduction of DLQI scores between the rosemary and ketoconazole groups at the end of one and two months after stating the treatment in both crude and adjustment with base-line score analysis.
Conclusion:
Both rosemary and ketoconazole lotions were effective in treating scalp seborrheic dermatitis and in decreasing patients' DLQI score.
... This is consistent with the scientific evidence regarding rosemary's biological activities. In a randomized comparative trial, rosemary oil was found to be efficient for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia [40], other studies also supported the beneficial effect of rosemary on hair [13,41]. It is also well documented that rosemary has antinociceptive, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties [7,9,42,43], furthermore that it is useful in alleviating different GI problems [11,44]. ...
Background
Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) has a rich historical use for various reasons due to its beneficial characteristics including stimulating hair growth, providing antioxidant and antibacterial effects, and functioning as a skin conditioner and fragrance enhancer. The plant is cultivated in Jordan and using it is gaining popularity among the population.
Aim of the study
To assess the knowledge, attitude and perception of rosemary use among Jordanians.
Materials and methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted targeting at least 385 participants via social media platforms. Face and content validity of the questionnaire was performed by independent researchers. The questionnaire was divided into three main sections including the demographics section, the knowledge section and the attitude toward rosemary use. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS including descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and multiple linear regression.
Results
The study’s participants (n = 407) had a mean age of 30.98 years old (SD = 12.76). The mean knowledge score for the participants ranged from -5 to 7, with a mean of 2.96 (SD = 2.61), with younger participants exhibiting higher knowledge scores regarding rosemary. Approximately half of the participants (48.2%) reported using rosemary for medical purposes. About three-quarters reported using rosemary oil, but a higher percentage reported using the leaves. Around three quarters administered it orally or applied it topically. Most participants obtained rosemary by growing it at home or from herbalists. Family and friends were the main influencers for rosemary users. Most of the study participants strongly agreed/agreed that plants possess a healing power (94.4%). The most reported reason for using rosemary was improving the hair condition (82.1%) followed by gastrointestinal problems (67.9%).
Conclusions
The study highlights the widespread use of rosemary for different reasons through different methods of application. Addressing misconceptions and enhancing knowledge dissemination may allow informed decision-making and promote the safe and effective use of herbal therapies.
... When compared to individuals who did not receive the medication, the participants had significantly more hair growth after seven months of treatment. It is also worth mentioning that rosemary oil is considered as effective as minoxidil and nowadays termed as natural minoxidil (Panahi et al. 2015). To encourage hair growth and stop hair loss, rosemary oil can be used in a number of different ways. ...
Individuals experiencing hair loss, irrespective of gender, confront significant psychological challenges. This study explores the untapped potential of rosemary oil (ROS) to stimulate hair growth, addressing its limited permeability. The focus is on innovating ROS-loaded microsponges (MS) for enhanced topical application. Utilizing Box-Behnken design (33), the study optimizes ROS-MS compositions by varying solvent volume, polymer mix, and drug concentration. The optimized ROS-MS formulation exhibits noteworthy attributes: a 94% ± 0.04 production yield, 99.6% ± 0.5 encapsulation efficiency, and 96.4% ± 1.6 cumulative ROS release within 24 hours. These microsponges exhibit uniformity with a particle size of 14.1 µm ± 4.5. The OPT-ROSMS-gel showcases favorable characteristics in appearance, spreadability, pH, drug content, and extrudability. Ex-vivo skin deposition tests highlight heightened permeability of OPT-ROSMS-gel compared to pure ROS-gel, resulting in three-fold increased follicular retention. In-vivo studies underscore the superior efficacy of OPT-ROSMS-gel, revealing enhanced hair development in length, thickness, and bulb diameter, surpassing ROS-gel and minoxidil by approximately 1.2 and 1.5 times, respectively, along with nearly two-fold increase in β-catenin levels. In conclusion, microsponges emerge as a promising ROS delivery method, effectively addressing hair loss. This research advances hair loss treatments and underscores the significance of this innovative paradigm in fostering hair growth.
... It is also an antioxidant. (Panahi Y, 2015) 4.2 Ginkgo: ...
Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is a common problem where people experience gradual hair loss, especially on the scalp. Men and women both experience it, but the most severe hair loss happens in the middle of the scalp. It often starts during puberty and can really affect how someone feels about themselves and their life. However, there are not many approved treatments available for it. Some products claim to help with hair loss, but not all of them have been proven to work. Right now, minoxidil and finasteride are approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treating androgenetic alopecia. Additionally, the HairMax LaserComb, which has FDA clearance, is recognized by the FDA as a treatment option for this condition.
... According to available clinical data, the use of melatonin, rosemary oil, saw palmetto, pumpkin seed oil, caffeine, and adenosine has been demonstrated to effectively decrease hair loss and enhance hair density 2 ; however, a number of clinical studies have reported that most of these substances are associated with scalp itching. 2,[9][10][11][12][13][14] Caffeine, an alkaloid methylxanthine, can promote metabolic activity and cell proliferation by inhibiting phosphodiesterase 13,15 and providing higher energy levels. Though a hair organ culture model (HOCM), caffeine has been demonstrated to regulate the growth cycle of hair follicles, reverse testosterone-induced hair follicle growth, stimulate hair growth, and promote proliferation of keratinocytes in the dermal layer at certain concentrations, and this also extends the duration of the growth phase and counteracts the testosterone-induced increased expression of transforming growth factor-beta 2 (TGF-β2) protein in male hair follicles. ...
Background
Hair loss is a widespread health problem that affects numerous individuals and is associated with age, lack of sleep, stress, endocrine problems, and other problems. Caffeine exerts various pharmacological effects, particularly after ingestion. The caffeine‐induced inhibition of phosphodiesterases can increase intracellular cAMP concentrations, ultimately resulting in stimulatory effects on cell metabolism and proliferation. Hence, caffeine has been confirmed to inhibit hair loss caused by premature termination of the hair growth phase. Adenosine also improves hair loss by stimulating hair growth and thickening hair shafts. However, further empirical evidence is required to comprehensively assess the efficacy of hair loss treatment and prevention using a formulation of caffeine and adenosine in specific proportions in shampoos.
Objectives
This study aimed to evaluate a shampoo with caffeine and adenosine as a daily scalp care product for hair loss in 77 subjects aged 18–60 years.
Methods
The overall and local hair densities were assessed using professional cameras and dermoscopes at different magnifications and distances. Five hairs that came off the participant's head were randomly selected to measure hair diameter. The self‐assessment questionnaires were filled on third month of product use.
Results
The combination of caffeine and adenosine in the shampoo significantly enhanced hair density compared to that of the baseline. The results revealed a significant reduction in hair loss. The hair diameters of the subjects did not change significantly. Most of the participants (71.05%) were satisfied with their hair after using the product.
Conclusions
Shampoos containing caffeine and adenosine have been demonstrated to exert therapeutic benefits for reducing hair loss.
... While conventional treatments like minoxidil and finasteride are FDA-approved and remain the mainstay for managing AA, their efficacy is accompanied by concerns over side effects and patient compliance, emphasizing the need for alternative therapeutic strategies with fewer adverse effects [1][2]. A study of Panahi et al. [3] compared the efficacy of rosemary oil to minoxidil 2% in treating androgenetic alopecia. Over 6 months, both treatments significantly increased hair count without notable differences between them, suggesting rosemary oil could be an effective alternative to minoxidil with potentially fewer side effects. ...
... Peppermint oil has been shown to induce a rapid anagen stage and increase the dermal thickness, follicle number, and follicle depth in mice, possibly by increasing the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which stimulates angiogenesis and blood flow to the hair follicles 3. Finally, Cedarwood oil has been shown to improve hair growth in patients with alopecia areata, an autoimmune disorder that causes patchy hair loss, possibly by modulating the immune system and reducing inflammation [10]. ...
This review article examines the role of essential oils in hair health. Essential oils, derived from plants, are noted for their biological properties, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. They have gained popularity in hair care for their potential benefits, as hair is not only crucial for physical appearance but also for personal identity and expression. Traditional hair care products like minoxidil and shampoos may have drawbacks such as limited effectiveness, side effects, or high costs. Consequently, essential oils are being considered as natural alternatives, claimed to stimulate hair growth, prevent hair loss, and improve hair quality. However, scientific research on essential oils for hair health is scarce and inconclusive. The outcomes of essential oil treatments can vary based on factors like oil type, concentration, application method, and individual hair conditions. Risks such as allergic reactions and skin irritation are possible. The review aims to critically assess the current literature on essential oils for hair health. Topics include the molecular mechanisms of essential oils, their efficacy compared to conventional products, and optimal usage methods. The review also explores the psychological effects of essential oils on hair health and identifies areas for future research.
... Rosemary (R. officinalis) improves blood circulation and vascularity. Similar results were obtained when comparing rosemary use in AGA to Minoxidil [30]. Herbal treatments may vary in their quality, potency and safety. ...
Androgenic alopecia is a hereditary condition of pattern hair loss in genetically susceptible individuals. The condition has a significant impact on an individual's quality of life, with decreased self-esteem, body image issues and depression being the main effects. Various conventional treatment options, such as minoxidil, finasteride and herbal supplements, aim to slow down hair loss and promote hair growth. However, due to the chronic nature of the condition the financial cost of treatment for androgenic alopecia is very high and conventional treatment options are not universally effective and come with a host of side effects. Therefore, to address the limitations of current treatment options a novel regenerative treatment option is required. One promising approach is organoids, organoids are 3D cell aggregates with similar structures and functions to a target organ. Hair follicle organoids can be developed in vitro. However, the main challenges are to maintain the cell populations within the organoid in a proliferative and inductive state, as well as to promote the maturation of organoids. Photobiomodulation is a form of light therapy that stimulates endogenous chromophores. PBM has been shown to improve cell viability, proliferation, migration, differentiation and gene expression in dermal papilla cells and hair follicle stem cells. Therefore, photobiomodulation is a potential adjunct to hair follicle organoid culture to improve the proliferation and inductive capacity of cells.
... One of the key phytochemicals identified in rosemary extract are 1, 8-cineole, borneo!, bornyl acetate, camphor, -pinene, and 3-pinene., which has been shown to have antioxidant and antiinflammatory effects that may promote hair growth. [16,17] True Myrtle is Myrtus communis L. (Myrtaceae). Some studies have looked into the effects of myrtle extract on hair growth, implying that it may be useful in this respect. ...
This study aimed to examine the hair regrowth effect of combining rosemary and myrtus extracts on androgenetic
alopecia (AGA) and compare it to the commonly prescribed drug minoxidil. AGA is a widespread type of hair loss
caused by dihydrotestosterone. Excessive testosterone in men is transformed into DHT, which attaches to androgen
receptors in hair follicles and leads to hair thinning. The extracts of Rosmarinus officin alis and Myrtus communis
leaves were extracted using 70% ethanol, microscopically screened, and investigated for phytochemical screening
and antioxidants activity. The extracts were prepared as a 2% topical spray and tested on AGA -induced rabbits.
The hair growth was measured on several days after starting application. The study showed that the combination of
rosemary and myrtus extracts had a significant hair regrowth effect on AGA and was comparable to the effect of
minoxidil .The results showed that the combination of rosemary and myrtus extracts significantly improved hair
regrowth in AGA and had similar effects to minoxidil. Therefore, the combination of rosemary and myrtus extracts
can be considered a safe and effective alternative treatment for AGA.
... One of the key phytochemicals identified in rosemary extract are 1, 8-cineole, borneo!, bornyl acetate, camphor, -pinene, and 3-pinene., which has been shown to have antioxidant and antiinflammatory effects that may promote hair growth. [16,17] True Myrtle is Myrtus communis L. (Myrtaceae). Some studies have looked into the effects of myrtle extract on hair growth, implying that it may be useful in this respect. ...
ABSTRACT
This study aimed to examine the hair regrowth effect of combining rosemary and myrtus extracts on androgenetic
alopecia (AGA) and compare it to the commonly prescribed drug minoxidil. AGA is a widespread type of hair loss
caused by dihydrotestosterone. Excessive testosterone in men is transformed into DHT, which attaches to androgen
receptors in hair follicles and leads to hair thinning. The extracts of Rosmarinus officin alis and Myrtus communis
leaves were extracted using 70% ethanol, microscopically screened, and investigated for phytochemical screening
and antioxidants activity. The extracts were prepared as a 2% topical spray and tested on AGA -induced rabbits.
The hair growth was measured on several days after starting application. The study showed that the combination of
rosemary and myrtus extracts had a significant hair regrowth effect on AGA and was comparable to the effect of
minoxidil .The results showed that the combination of rosemary and myrtus extracts significantly improved hair
regrowth in AGA and had similar effects to minoxidil. Therefore, the combination of rosemary and myrtus extracts
can be considered a safe and effective alternative treatment for AGA.
... Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil (ROEO) exhibits antioxidant properties by absorbing UVB radiation and neutralizing reactive oxygen species (ROS), which prevents lipids and amino acid peroxidation, thus protecting cells from oxidative damage. (15) In addition, due to its vasodilation properties, ROEO has been suggested to enhance blood circulation in the hair follicle (16,17). Hence, ROEO has the potential to be used as an anti-photoaging agent. ...
BACKGROUND: Ultraviolet (UVB) radiation induces hair photoaging by triggering oxidative stress, causing alterations in hair diameter and length, which contribute to the development of senile alopecia. Development of alternative anti-photoaging agents to prevent hair loss from various materials, including natural products, is currently being explored. Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil (ROEO) has been known to have antioxidant and vasodilation properties. However, the effect and mechanism of ROEO on UVB-exposed hair are still unclear. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of ROEO on the hair length and follicle diameter in UVB-exposed mice as well as the skin vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) level.METHODS: Thirty male Swiss mice were treated topically with/without paraffin oil, 2% minoxidil, or various concentrations of ROEO, every day for 21 days. Meanwhile, UVB exposure was performed 3×/week. On day 21, the hair length was measured, the skin tissue was collected for hair follicle diameter and VEGF measurements.RESULTS: ROEO contained phenolic, including flavonoids and tannins, as well as non-phenolic antioxidants, including 1.8-cineole, α-pinene, and camphor. The IC50 value of ROEO was 15.977 ppm. Significant higher hair length, follicle diameter, and VEGF level of 10% ROEO+UVB-treated mice were observed, compared with the ones of mice exposed with UVB merely (LSD test, p<0.05).CONCLUSION: Since 10% ROEO could significantly increase hair length, follicle diameter and VEGF level, and contained antioxidant compounds, it can be suggested that ROEO might increase hair length, follicle diameter, and VEGF level through its antioxidant component.KEYWORDS: Rosmarinus officinalis, hair follicle diameter, hair length, VEGF, ultraviolet B, antioxidant
... In a randomized, single-blind clinical trial of 100 male AGA patients, both the experimental group, treated with 1 mL of 3.7 mg/mL rosemary oil lotion, and the control group, treated with 2% minoxidil, experienced increased hair counts after 6 months of continued treatment. Both groups experienced similar side effects of increased pruritis [99]. ...
Androgenetic alopecia (AGA), also known as male pattern hair loss (MPHL) or female pattern hair loss (FPHL), is the most common form of alopecia worldwide, and arises from an excessive response to androgens. AGA presents itself in a characteristic distribution unique to both sexes. Despite its prevalence, AGA can be quite challenging to treat. The condition is chronic in nature and stems from an interplay of genetic and environmental factors. There are only two US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs for the condition: topical minoxidil and oral finasteride. However, numerous non-FDA-approved treatments have been shown to be effective in treating AGA in various studies. Some of these treatments are relatively new and still to be explored, thus emphasizing the need for an updated review of the literature. In this comprehensive review, we discuss the evaluation of AGA and the mechanisms of action, costs, efficacies, and safety profiles of existing, alternative, and upcoming therapeutics for this widespread condition.
... Patients used either minoxidil 2% solution or rosemary essential oil, with a dramatic increase in hair count reported for both treatments and without significant differences between the two study groups, which confirmed the therapeutic effectiveness of Rosmarinus officinalis. Moreover, scalp irritation was more frequent in the minoxidil 2% solution group, confirming the relatively few side effects of natural compound therapies [93]. Among the possible therapeutical approaches, increasing attention has been paid to platelet-rich plasma (PRP) to increase hair density and regrowth. ...
The rosemary plant, Rosmarinus officinalis L., one of the main members of the Lamiaceae family, is currently one of the most promising herbal medicines due to its pharmaceutical properties. This research aimed to evaluate the antioxidant role of Rosmarinus officinalis and its bioactive compounds on the skin, with a focus on the newly emerging molecular mechanisms involved, providing extensive scientific evidence of its anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, wound-healing and anticancer activity in dermatological practice. The search was conducted on articles concerning in vitro and in vivo studies in both animals and humans. The results obtained confirm the antioxidant role of R. officinalis. This assumption derives the possibility of using R. officinalis or its bioactive elements for the treatment of inflammatory and infectious skin pathologies. However, although the use of rosemary in the treatment of skin diseases represents a fascinating line of research, future perspectives still require large and controlled clinical trials in order to definitively elucidate the real impact of this plant and its components in clinical practice.
... In a 2015 study of 100 patients with androgenetic alopecia, there was no statistically significant difference in mean hair count measured by microphotographic assessment after 6 months of treatment in 2 groups treated with either minoxidil solution 2% or rosemary oil, and both groups experienced a significant increase in hair count at 6 months (P<.05) compared with baseline and 3 months. 6 essential oils, including a mixture of thyme, rosemary, lavender, and cedarwood oils for alopecia were superior to placebo carrier oils in a posttreatment photographic assessment of their efficacy. 7 Rice Water-The use of rice water and rice bran extract is a common hair care practice in Asia. ...
With the rise of social media influence and ease of accessibility of information, patients often encounter and implement hair loss advice from sources other than medical professionals. Many of these recommendations include herbs and other natural extracts (ie, rosemary oil, rice water, onion juice, garlic gel) as treatments. This review aims to investigate the evidence-based research behind these claims.
... Nevertheless, rosemary oil in this study showed comparable results to minoxidil. Interestingly, minoxidil also was observed to be more commonly associated with scalp itching (p < 0.05) [111]. Lavender oil (LO) has also been tested as a hair growth remedy. ...
The hair cycle is composed of four primary phases: anagen, catagen, telogen, and exogen. Anagen is a highly mitotic phase characterized by the production of a hair shaft from the hair follicle, whereas catagen and telogen describe regression and the resting phase of the follicle, respectively, ultimately resulting in hair shedding. While 9% of hair follicles reside in telogen at any time, a variety of factors promote anagen to telogen transition, including inflammation, hormones, stress, nutritional deficiency, poor sleep quality, and cellular division inhibiting medication. Conversely, increased blood flow, direct stimulation of the hair follicle, and growth factors promote telogen to anagen transition and subsequent hair growth. This review seeks to comprehensively describe the hair cycle, anagen and telogen balance, factors that promote anagen to telogen transition and vice versa, and the clinical utility of a variety of lab testing and evaluations. Ultimately, a variety of factors impact the hair cycle, necessitating a holistic approach to hair loss.
... The results revealed that the hair count increased in both groups, yet the common adverse effect of itching related to minoxidil was reported in the group treated with minoxidil and not in those taking rosemary extract. Thus, as a natural and safe ingredient, rosemary extract could be used as an alternative option for minoxidil in patients with AGA [31,32]. ...
Background: Androgenic alopecia (AGA) is a common hair loss disorder seen in both males and females and continues by presenting thinning and miniaturization because of androgens, genetics, extracellular matrix (ECM) protein destruction, and micro-inflammation. The most common treatments for AGA used in males are minoxidil and finasteride. These drugs have an effective role in the recovery and retardation of hair loss; however, there are different side effects and limitations to their efficacy. Materials and Methods: In this research, we compared the effectiveness of the Trust tonic’s active complex, Capixyl, Procapil, and rosemary extract (CPR), and 2% minoxidil solution in reducing hair loss and stimulating hair growth. The study was conducted on two groups of male subjects with an average of 45 years for twenty-four weeks using 1 ml of each solution everyday in the morning and evening.
... In a randomized comparative study by Panahi et al, it was shown that twice daily application of rosemary oil can be as effective as 2% minoxidil, by improving microcirculation surrounding the hair follicle. 47 Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology 2022:15 https://doi.org/10.2147/CCID.S359052 ...
Post-COVID-19 telogen effluvium has been largely reported as a sequela in the post-acute phase of COVID-19, causing major emotional distress among the affected patients. The affected individuals are further exposed to a vast amount of misinformation from the internet and social media and it is important for physicians to be familiar with the phenomenon and provide appropriate counselling to their patients regarding this condition. This article aims to review the evidence-based complementary strategies that can help enhance hair regrowth after post-COVID-19 hair loss, from psychological support and patient education to the importance of optimal nutrition and potential indications and benefits of oral nutritional supplementation, as well as the role of both topical and injectable hair growth stimulators.
Fragrances play a crucial role in cosmetic products, influencing consumer preferences and enriching sensory experiences. However, making sure these products are safe, especially concerning natural and synthetic fragrances, requires robust regulatory frameworks. This review offers a global perspective on the regulatory systems governing the safety of fragrances. It begins by examining the fundamental differences between natural and synthetic fragrances, highlighting their origins and unique safety considerations. Natural fragrances, sourced from botanicals like essential oils, have a long history of human exposure. Synthetic fragrances, on the other hand, are artificially manufactured compounds that often lack sufficient safety data, thereby requiring strict regulation. Various countries have developed safety guidelines to address concerns such as skin sensitization, allergies, and health risks associated with fragrance use. This article provides a comprehensive analysis of these global regulatory frameworks, emphasizing both commonalities and disparities in safety standards for natural and synthetic fragrances. It also discusses ongoing efforts to harmonize regulations and improve fragrance safety in cosmetics. By offering this in-depth overview of regulatory approaches, the article serves as a valuable resource for cosmetics industry professionals. It provides insights into the evolving landscape of cosmetics regulations worldwide, aiding stakeholders in navigating the complexities of natural and synthetic fragrance safety and ultimately safeguarding consumer well-being.
Nutraceuticals combine health-promoting bioactive ingredients with various foods or supplements. Many such products are commercially available for ingestion or application, and are touted for improved hair appearance, thickness, density, and growth. The overwhelming number of products can make it difficult for consumers to understand which products have the best data available. This chapter will examine the medical literature to identify the most evidence-based ingredients for hair growth, discuss their underlying mechanisms of action, and raise further questions about how best to formulate and incorporate them into our lifestyle.
Background
Androgenic alopecia (AGA) is commonly known as male patterned baldness. A high level of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) plays a significant role in AGA development. Inhibition of the enzyme steroid 5-alpha reductase (S5AR), responsible for converting testosterone into DHT, has been shown to delay the progression of AGA. Teak (Tectona grandis L.f) leaf extract exhibited a potent S5AR inhibitory activity. To prove the effectiveness and safety of teak leaf extract as a hair growth promotor, a double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial was conducted.
Methods
Eighty-one AGA subjects were randomly assigned to receive either a hair tonic containing 1% teak leaf extract (HT-teak), 5%minoxidil (positive control), or a placebo administered twice daily, for 24 weeks. Efficacy was assessed through target area hair count (TAHC), anagen-to-telogen ratio (A/T), hair shedding every 4 weeks, and patients’ subjective assessments of hair regrowth were assessed at the end of the experiment. Data was analyzed using repeated measure ANOVA.
Results
Both the HT-teak and minoxidil groups exhibited a significant increase in TAHC and A/T, along with a decrease in hair shedding compared to baseline values. Conversely, the placebo group showed no observable signs of hair regrowth. Furthermore, the HT-teak group reported the highest satisfaction scores, and there were no indications of skin irritation or systemic effects on sexual dysfunction and palpitation after 24 weeks of HT-teak application.
Conclusion
Teak leaf extract, as incorporated in HT-teak, demonstrates potential as an alternative mild hair growth promoter for individuals with AGA, offering both efficacy and safety.
Trial registration
This study was retrospectively registered on International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number (ISRCTN.com); ISRCTN24541842 (registered on January 8, 2024).
We aimed to determine the efficacy of the various available oral, topical, and procedural treatment options for hair loss in individuals with androgenic alopecia. Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, a systematic review of the National Library of Medicine was performed. Overall, 141 unique studies met our inclusion criteria. We demonstrate that many over the counter (e.g. topical minoxidil, supplements, low-level light treatment), prescription (e.g. oral minoxidil, finasteride, dutasteride), and procedural (e.g. platelet-rich plasma, fractionated lasers, hair transplantation) treatments successfully promote hair growth, highlighting the superiority of a multifaceted and individualized approach to management.
Secondary metabolites are often among the major players in plants’ function, stability, support, bioactivities,
defense mechanisms, and therapeutic applications. One of the major components of these metabolites is volatile
oils. Essential oils are considered one of the most important ways in which plants express themselves through
aroma. The oils are also one of the reasons for therapy, mood-upliftment, life processes, plants and dependent
organisms’ survival, joy, happiness, aesthetic beauty, and attractions in several realms, as well as for various
interactive species, including insects, animals, and humans. In addition, essential oils participate in modern
industries and worldwide healthcare systems. Aromatic plants and their extracted and distilled volatile oils have
been used in different systems of traditional medicine and in all ancient civilizations. They are also still used as
part of modern healthcare systems and in folkloric therapeutic and prophylactic applications. Therefore, the
chemistry, bio-based diversity, geographic sources, biological activities, and clinical applications of volatile oils
have gained the momentum and continued attention of researchers, culminating in several thousand publications
each year. This review provides updated information on the biological activities and current applications of
essential oils in medicine and other healthcare uses. The underlined biomechanistic details of the volatile oils’
biological effects are also encompassed. The collected data unambiguously supported the biological importance
of this class of secondary metabolites, especially in cancer, inflammation, and microbial infection management.
The information contained in the data also highlighted the therapeutic importance of these molecules in various
aspects of medicine.
Hair disorders, including central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia (CCCA), traction alopecia (TA), and acquired trichorrhexis nodosa (ATN), commonly occur in individuals with curly textured hair. Curly textured hair in individuals of African descent has unique properties and can present diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. CCCA has been linked to uterine leiomyoma and type 2 diabetes mellitus, as well as fibroproliferation. TA often presents with a fringe sign and can arise from high‐tension hairstyles presumed to be protective. Trichoscopy is useful in establishing a diagnosis; perifollicular halos are more commonly seen than perifollicular erythema or scale in CCCA. In TA, miniaturized follicles, hair casts, and “flambeau sign” can be seen. Hairstyling practices likely contribute to TA and ATN; however, the data are mixed on the role of chemical relaxers and heat styling in CCCA. Unique considerations in the presentation of frontal fibrosing alopecia in curly textured hair have also been published recently. This review provides a comprehensive, up‐to‐date summary of these disorders with an emphasis on their unique properties, as well as considerations in hair care for curly textured hair.
Humanity has an ancient history of consuming medicinal plants for prophylaxis. Within hours, and even months, embryonic cells undergo several processes to form an organism. This study aimed to prove the positive or negative effects of using rosemary and thyme extract on the thymus gland and level of IL-10, IgM, and IgG in serum of chick embryos. The immunological effect was measured by histological and immunological studies. A total of 160 fertilized eggs were randomly distributed into 8 groups; on the 0 and 8th day of incubation, all treated groups received a dose of 0.1 mL/egg. On the 14th and 20th days of incubation, the embryos were sacrificed and the samples were collected (serum and thymus gland). The data were analyzed using ANOVA. Simple damage in thymic tissue with a low cell density in the embryos was treated with high concentrations of rosemary and thyme extracts, as well as in the mixed group. A significant decrease in IgM levels in the group treated by a high concentration of thyme. A decrease in IgG levels was found in the group treated with a high concentration of rosemary and in the mixed group, while the group treated with a high concentration of thyme and the mixed group showed decreases on the 14th day. A significant decrease in IL-10 levels was found on the 14th day, followed by an increase on the 20th day. Despite the benefits of rosemary and thyme, inflammation signs appeared on embryos treated with these herbs.
Androgenetic alopecia is the most common type of hair loss and affects at least 80% of men and half of women before the age of 70, with the incidence increasing with age. Androgenetic alopecia is an ailment conditioned by genetic and hormonal factors, associated with excessive stimulation of the androgen receptor in the cells of the hair follicle. With the development of medicine, more and more therapeutic methods for androgenetic alopecia appear on the market, including minoxidil, 5-α-reductase inhibitors, microneedling, platelet-rich plasma, low-energy laser therapy, rosemary oil, or siRNA. Thanks to the constantly growing amount of scientific research, progressively more is known about the mechanisms of androgenetic alopecia development and potential strategies to stop it. The article analyzes the literature using electronic databases and textbooks to compile methods that can be an effective alternative for people who do not want to undergo surgery. Some of the methods presented in the article have the potential to not only slow down, but also reverse the progression of the disease. However, each of them still has its limitations.
Temos o prazer de lançar o SEGUNDO livro internacional voltado a área do desenvolvimento do ano de 2023, que tem como título Development and its applications in scientific knowledge , essa obra é editada pela Seven Publicações Ltda, tendo a composição de diversos capítulos voltados ao desenvolvimento e disseminação do conhecimento nas diversas áreas do desenvolvimento.
Alopecia, the loss of hair on the scalp and/or body, experienced by millions of people worldwide, can be a very debilitating condition. Specifically, androgenetic alopecia (AGA), commonly known as male or female pattern baldness, is the most common form of hair loss. In the African diaspora, oils have traditionally been used to promote hair growth and recently, the application of hair oils to the scalp for the treatment of alopecia has become increasingly popular. With the recent surge of hair oil usage in the Black community, more research is needed to determine the efficacy of hair oils, as most studies have primarily used mice subjects. This article reviews the existing literature to better understand the use of hair oils in the treatment of androgenetic alopecia. Specifically, we investigate the popular carrier oils, castor oil, and pumpkin oil as well as the essential oils, lavender, peppermint, rosemary, and tea tree oil.
Rosemarinus officinalis, commonly known as rosemary, is one of the most popular perennial culinary herbs cultivated worldwide. The name comes from Latin “ros marinus”, literally meaning “dew of the sea” since originally the plant was native along the eastern Mediterranean coastline. It is a woody, perennial herb with evergreen, fragrant, needle-like leaves and aromatic blue, pink, white, or purple flowers. It is a common household plant that can stretch to 2 m height, prefers full sun and well-drained neutral soil, with a pH of 6–7 [1].
Alopecia or hair loss is a widespread issue that has significant effects on personal well-being for both genders nationally and internationally. In addition, alopecia causes extreme emotional stress and negatively impacts the psychological health and self-esteem of cancer patients suffering from chemotherapy-induced alopecia. Unfortunately, available synthetic medications are costly, invasive, or have extreme adverse effects. On the contrary, natural and herbal hair loss products are widely available in the local and international markets in variable pharmaceutical forms with different mechanisms of action, namely, androgen antagonists, nutritional supplements, vasodilators, and 5α-reductase inhibitors or dihydrotestosterone blockers. Thus, it is of great importance to encourage researchers to investigate these natural alternatives that can act as potent therapeutic agents having diverse mechanisms of action as well as limited side effects. Currently, natural remedies are considered a fast-rising pharmaceutical segment with demand from a wide range of consumers. In this study, we present a review of reported herbal remedies and herb combinations recommended for hair loss and their mode of action, along with an overview of available market products and formulations, their composition, and declared effects. In addition, a general outline of the different forms of alopecia, its causes, and recommended treatments are mentioned as well. This was all done with the aim of assisting further studies with developing standardized natural formulations for alopecia as many were found to lack standardization of their bioactive ingredients and efficiency confirmation.
ResearchGate has not been able to resolve any references for this publication.