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ANNOTATED LIST OF INVERTEBRATES
OF THE GEORGIAN KARST CAVES
Shalva Barjadze, Maka Murvanidze, Tea Arabuli, Le-
van Mumladze, Vera Pkhakadze, Revaz Djanashvili,
Meri Salakaia
Georgian Academic Book
Tbilisi, 2015
Project:
“Biodiversity of the Invertebrate Animals in
Georgian Karst Caves”
This monograph is published by nancial support of Shota Rustaveli
National Science Foundation (project №11/27)
Non-comercial publishing
Shalva Barjadze, Maka Murvanidze, Tea Arabuli, Levan Mumladze,
Vera Pkhakadze, Revaz Djanashvili, Meri Salakaia
Annotated List of Invertebrates of the Georgian Karst Caves
Technical editor - Maia Gambashidze
Cover design - Vakhtang Inanishvili
Design - Giorgi Kakabadze
© Shalva Barjadze, 2015
ISBN 978- 9941-9371-2-5
Georgian Academic Book
Ir. Abashidze Str. 16, 0179 Tbilisi, Georgia
Tel.: 222 7137, 551 227137, 551 960904
www.acad.ge; artlinesinfo@gmail.com
Contents
Introduction 5
List of caves with more than one name, mentioned in
biospeleological and speleological literature 10
Part I. Annotated List of Invertebrates 12
Part II. Caves and their invertebrates’ communities 65
Acknowledgements 103
Literature 105
Alphabetical index of caves 118
DEDICATION
Dedicated to the memory of Dr. Eristo Kvavadze,
eminent Georgian zoologist
5
INTRODUCTION
According to the great species and ecosystem diversity, high endemism
and high risks of destroying of biodiversity, 34 hot spots of wild life are re-
vealed in the world, among which the Caucasus ecoregion has appropriated
place (Mayrs et al., 2000; Zazanashvili et al., 2004; Zazanashvili, 2009).
Western Georgia’s karstic outcrops lie along the southern slope of the Great-
er Caucasus mountain range, extending some 325km from the Psou River to
the Ertso Lake area. The total area of karstic rock outcrop amounts to about
4,475km2, or 6.4% of the total area of Georgia (Tsikarishvili et al., 2010). The
number of the karst caves revealed in Georgia exceeds 1,300 (Tatashidze et
al., 2009). Four karst caves from the world’s ten deepest karst ones are located
in Georgia, including the deepest cave in the world – Krubera-Voronya Cave
(2191 m depth) (Tsikarishvili et al., 2010; Klimchouk, 2012).
Cave ecosystems are one of the most fragile ecosystems on the Earth (El-
liott, 2000; Hamilton-Smith & Eberhard, 2000; Krajick 2001). Sensitivity of
bats and other cavernicoles (obligate cave dwelling organisms) is caused by
their vulnerability to human disturbance (Judson Wynne & Pleytez, 2005).
Due to the fact that many troglobitic species are endemic to a single cave
with low population numbers, most troglobite populations are considered as
imperiled (Krajick, 2001). Despite cavernicoles species sensitivity to distur-
bance, cave ecosystems are poorly understood (Culver et al., 2004).
Obligate cave-dwelling animals (Troglo-and stigobionts) represent
quite specic group of animals. They underwent a number of morphologi-
cal and ecophysiological adaptations for living in the cave environment,
where there is a complete darkness, constant temperature, high humid-
ity and low predatory pressure (Pricop & Negrea, 2009). Obligate cave-
dwelling animals can be eyeless and pigmentless, have elongated legs and
antennae equipped with well-developed sensitive apparatus. They have
low rate of metabolism and continuous activity (Pricop & Negrea, 2009).
20 caves and wells are revealed as hotspots of subterranean biodiversity
in the world based on high number of obligate cave-dwelling species (troglo-
and stygobionts), which vary from 20 to 84 species for each cave and wall
(Culver & Sket, 2000). D. Culver et al. (2006) suggested presence of potential
subterranean hotspots in the karst regions of Western Caucasus in Georgia.
Investigation of the invertebrates in Georgian karst caves has been started
at the end of XIX Century, when O. Boettger described new mollusk spe-
6
cies - Conulopolita raddei probably from Shroma (=Stalactite) Cave in Abk-
hazeti, Georgia (Boettger, 1879). First summarized review of the speleofauna
of Georgia was published in 1948 (Zaitzev, 1948), where species sampled
in caves were put together with their sampling localities and suitable litera-
ture data. Only 103 species were reported from 21 caves of Georgia (Zaitzev,
1948). J. Birstein reviewed cave fauna of the Western Transcaucasia and in-
cluded 115 species from 36 caves in his paper (Birstein, 1950). J. Birstein
also suggested possible Caucasian-Dinaric speleofaunistic connection. D.
Kobakhidze reviewed cave fauna of Georgia and underlined reasons why in-
tensive investigation of Georgian cave fauna was interesting (Kobakhidze,
1963). Review of Georgian speleofauna with indicating number of species
in each animal phylum or class was published by R. Djanashvili (1980). The
Number of cave sampled species reached to 240 species (Djanashvili, 1980).
Investigation of the speleofauna proceeded slowly and at the beginning of
the 1980s speleofauna had been investigated from only 71 caves (Djanash-
vili, 1984). 233 species and subspecies were recorded from Georgian caves
in a monograph about the cave fauna of Russia and adjacent countries (Kniss,
2001). But, the list, which was basically compiled according to the literature
sources, was incomplete and needs to be reviewed and updated. The taxonom-
ic status of many species has been also changed (Tsikarishvili et al., 2010).
The data about the speleofauna of each investigated caves were given in the
Cadastre of the Karst Caves of Georgia (Tatashidze et al., 2009). However,
some animal groups are commonly mentioned without indication of Latin
names and citation of biospeleological publications, what indicates that these
data were collected by speleologists rather than biospeleologists. Thus, this
monograph has less scientic signicance.
Troglophile - Trichocera (Saltrichocera) maculipennis (Meigen 1818)
(Diptera: Trichoceridae) is the only one multicellular terrestrial organism
in the world, which was found in the depth of 2140 m in Krubera-Voronya
Cave, Abkhazeti, Georgia (Sendra & Reboleira, 2012). However, two sty-
gobiont species – Troglocaris sp. (Decapoda: Atyidae) and Zenkevitchia
sp. (Amphipoda: Typhlogammaridae) were sampled at the same depth of
the above mentioned cave (Sendra & Reboleira, 2012).
J. Birstein’s suggestion about possible Caucasian-Dinaric speleofau-
nistic connection (Birstein, 1950) was conrmed by phylogenetic study
of the cave shrimp – Troglocaris sp., which revealed that West Balcanean
and Caucasian populations of Troglocaris diverged from each other about
6-11 Ma ago (Zakšek et al., 2007).
7
We have reviewed literature data published before 2015 and prepared a
list of the invertebrate animals of Georgian karst caves. Besides, we have
added new materials, sampled in the caves of Racha, Samegrelo and Imereti
regions in 2012-2014. We tried to include in the monograph all the names
of each cave in Georgian and Russian, when they had different names. The
monograph is composed of 2 parts. In the rst part there are listed all inver-
tebrates from unicellular to multicellular animals with their Latin names and
synonyms (if synonyms were mentioned in publications), published about
Georgian cave fauna. Class, order and family are indicated for each inverte-
brate species. Also distribution, suitable literature and/or material examined
(if we investigated materials) are given for each species. In the second part
of the monograph, there is a list of the caves provided in alphabetical order
along with their different names (if any), information on cave location and
the list of invertebrates known from each cave. All animal groups under each
cave are listed in alphabetical order with their common names. Invertebrate
species are grouped alphabetically in suitable animal group as well. Along
each animal group we write the number of species in parenthesis. Based on
literature and our data 415 invertebrate species belonging to 45 orders of 18
classes united in 7 phyla are recorded from 124 karst caves. Maximum num-
ber of species belongs to arthropods – 345 species, 43 species – to mollusks,
10 and 9 species - to annelids and amoeboid protozoans respectively; 5, 2
and 1 species – to nematodes, ciliates and atworms respectively (Diagram
1). Arthropods are represented by 8 classes. Maximum number of species
belongs to arachnids – 142 species, while one by one species are registered
for seed shrimps and (Diagram 2). Within investigated 124 karst caves, there
are only 20 caves with more than 10 invertebrate species registered (Table
1). Maximum number of species - 29 is recorded in Dzudzuana Cave and
only 11-11 species are recorded in Sakishore and Sataplia IV caves (Table
1). Invertebrates, belonging to 3 phyla are registered in Kveda Shakurani,
Sakishore, Sataplia I, Shroma, Tsebelda and Tskaro caves.
In the conclusion we would like to say that Georgian cave fauna is still
poorly investigated, if taking into account that even after our investigations,
only about 10% of karst caves are investigated biospeleologically. This should
be the result of the absence of local cave biologists for a long time and/or less
interest in cave investigation. We hope that, after intensive biospelological
investigation, the number of invertebrate species will be increased due to dis-
covering new endemic troglo- and stygobiont species and hotspots of subter-
ranean diversity will be recognized in Georgia in the future.
8
Diagram 1.The number of invertebrate species in each animal phylum in
Georgian karst caves.
Diagram 2. The number of invertebrate species in animal classes of the
phylum Arthropoda in Georgian karst caves.
9
Table 1. Karst caves with high species number in Georgia.
Abbreviations in table: Amo.: amoeboid protozoans; Ann.: annelids;
Art.: arthropods; Cil.: ciliates; Flat.: atworms; Mol.: mollusks; Nem.:
nematodes
Invertebrate phyla
Cave
Amo.
Cil.
Flat.
Nem.
Ann.
Mol.
Art.
In total
Dzudzuana - - - - - - 29 29
Tsakhi - - - - 1 - 27 28
Adzaba - - - - 1 - 22 23
Kidobana - - - - - - 22 22
Prometheus - - - - - 4 13 21
Tetra - - - - - 1 19 20
Kveda Shakurani - 2 - - - 5 12 19
Shroma - - - - 1 4 14 19
Sapichkhia - - - - - 2 16 18
Sataplia I - - - - 1 2 15 18
Kelasuri - - - - - - 17 17
Meliis - - - - - - 17 17
Navenakhevi - - - - - - 17 17
Otapistavi 3 - - - - - 14 17
Krubera-Voro-
nya
- - - - - - 16 16
Tsebelda - - - - 1 5 11 16
Tskaro - - - - 1 3 10 14
Motena - - - - - - 13 13
Sakishore - - - - 1 2 8 11
Sataplia IV - - - - - - 11 11
10
List of caves with more than one name, mentioned in biospele-
ological and speleological literature
Abrskili (=Ablaskiri, Achkhi-tizgua, Achkhshe-tiz-gua, Chlou) Cave
Adzaba (=Eshera) Cave
Aghmavali (=Old Stalactite, Psirtskha, Psyrtskha) Cave
Aghmosavlet Gumista I (=Vastochnaya Gumista I) Cave
Aghmosavlet Gumista II (=Vastochnaya Gumista II) Cave
Akhali Atoni (=Anakopia, Iveria ?, Novoafonskaya) Cave
Akhalsheni (=Andreevka, Andreevskaya) Cave
Akui (=Chasm of Abkhazian Speleologists) Cave
Anukhva (=Anukhvinskaya) Cave
Buja-Karianiklde (=Khreiti) Cave
Chishura II Cave (=Chishura Cave)
Dasavlet Gumista (=Zapadnaya Gumista) Cave
Guma (=Gumi) Cave
Iluzia-tovliani-mejeni (=Snejnaya, Snezhnaya) Cave
Jeopse (=Sandripshi) Cave
Jortsku I (=Jortsku) Cave
Kelasuri (=Aleksandrovka) cave
Khvedelidzeebisklde (=Khvedelidze) Cave
Kuibishevi (=Kuibyschevskaya) Cave
Kveda Akhalsheni (=Nizhnyaya Andreevskaya) Cave
Kveda Shakurani (=Nizhnyaya Shakuranskaya, Shakurani III) Cave
Manikvara (=Maanikvara) Cave
Meliis (=Nikortsminda) Cave
Mikava (=Okaje) Cave
Patsristavi (=Novaya, bliz ozera in Tskaltubo) Cave
Prometheus (=Kumistavi, Orpiri I, Tskaltubo) Cave
Sakajia (=Virkhovi) Cave
11
Sakinule (=Nikortsminda) Cave
Sakire (=Chuneshi) Cave
Sameleklde (=Samele) Cave
Samgleklde (=Mgelaklde) Cave
Sapichkhia (=Rionhesi) Cave
Shua Shakurani (=Shakurani II, Srednyaya Shakuranskaya) Cave
Shareula I (=Shareula, Shaora-Shareula) Cave
Shroma (=Mikhailovskaya, Stalactite) Cave
Simon Kananeli (=St. Simon Canonist, St. Simon kanonik, St. Simon
Kananites) Cave
Tarkili (=Tarkiladze) Cave
Taroklde (=Rachvelebi) Cave
Tetra (=Belaya, Tskaltubskaya Stalaktitovaya) Cave
Tsakhi (=Gogoleti) Cave
Tsebelda (=Tsebeldinskaya) Cave
Tsikherva (=St. Ipatia) Cave
Tskaltsitela (=Iazoni) Cave
Tskaltsitela (=Chakhati) Grotto
Tskaro Cave (=Venetsia, peschera u venetsialnogo mosta) Abkhazeti
Tsutskhvati Cave Complex (=Maghara, Tsutskhvati I-XI caves)
Zeda Akhalsheni Cave (=Verkhnyaya Andreevskaya) Cave
Zeda Kvilishori (=Tsikhe) Cave
Zeda Shakurani (=Shakurani I, Verkhnyaya Shakuranskaya) Cave
Zemo Eshera (=Verkhnyaya Esherskaya) Cave
12
PART I. ANNOTATED LIST OF INVERTEBRATES
Amoeboid Protozoans (Protozoa-Amoebozoa)
Arcella discoides Ehrenberg, 1843 (Tubulinea: Arcellinida: Arcellinidae)
Distribution: Otapistavi Cave (Chibisova, 1967).
Centropyxis aculeata var. oblonga deandre, 1929 (Tubulinea: Ar-
cellinida: Centropyxidae)
Distribution: Otapistavi Cave (Chibisova, 1967).
Cyclopyxis arcelloides Penard, 1902 (Tubulinea: Arcellinida: Trigo-
nopyxidae)
Distribution: Anukhva Cave (Chibisova, 1967).
Cyclopyxis intermedia Kufferath, 1932 (=Cyclopyxis bathystoma Chi-
bisova, 1967; Cyclopyxis kahli var. grandis Chibisova, 1967) (Tubulin-
ea: Arcellinida: Trigonopyxidae)
Distribution: Anukhva Cave (Chibisova, 1967).
Cyclopyxis kahli Deandre, 1929 (Tubulinea: Arcellinida: Trigonopyxidae)
Distribution: Anukhva Cave (Chibisova, 1967).
Cyclopyxis penardi var. minor Chibisova, 1967 (Tubulinea: Arcellinida:
Trigonopyxidae)
Distribution: Anukhva Cave (Chibisova, 1967).
Difugia oblonga oblonga Ehrenberg, 1832 (Tubulinea: Arcellinida:
Difugiidae)
Distribution: Otapistavi Cave (Chibisova, 1967).
Plagiopyxis callida Penard, 1910 (Tubulinea: Arcellinida: Difugina)
Distribution: Anukhva Cave (Chibisova, 1967).
Pontigulasia incisa Rhumbler, 1896 (Tubulinea: Arcellinida: Difugina)
Distribution: Anukhva Cave (Chibisova, 1967).
13
Ciliates (Protozoa-Ciliophora)
Gymnodinioides sp. (Oligohymenophorea: Apostomatida: Foet-
tingeriidae)
Distribution: Kveda Shakurani Cave (Dovgal & Vargovitsh, 2010).
Spelaeophrya troglocaridis Stammer, 1935 (Phyllopharyngea: Exo-
genida: Spelaeophryidae)
Distribution: Kveda Shakurani Cave (Dovgal & Vargovitsh, 2010).
Flatworms (Platyhelminthes)
Tricladida sp. indet. (Turbellaria)
Distribution: Tskaltsitela Cave (Birstein & Lopashov, 1940).
Nematodes (Nematoda)
Aglenchus agricola (de Man, 1884) (=Tylenchus Agricola de Man,
1884) (Secernentea: Tylenchida: Tylenchidae)
Distribution: Chamkhona Cave (Eliava, 1966).
Monhystera sp. (Chromadorea: Monhysterida: Monhysteridae)
Distribution: Chamkhona Cave (Eliava, 1966).
Plectus rhyzophilus de Man, 1880 (Chromadorea: Plectida: Plectidae)
Distribution: Chamkhona Cave (Eliava, 1966).
Prismatolaimus dolichurus de Man, 1880 (Enoplea: Triplonchida: Pris-
matolaimidae)
Distribution: Jeopse Cave (Eliava, 1966).
Prismatolaimus sp. (Enoplea: Triplonchida: Prismatolaimidae)
Distribution: Jeopse Cave (Eliava, 1966).
Annelids (Annelida)
Earthworms - Lumbricidae
Dendrobaena hortensis (Michaelsen, 1890) (=Eisenia birsteini Ma-
levics, 1947) (Clitellata: Haplotaxida: Lumbricidae)
Distribution: Chlakhe Cave (Malevics, 1947).
14
Dendrobaena veneta veneta (Rosa, 1886) (=Eisenia veneta var. minu-
ta Malevics, 1947) (Clitellata: Haplotaxida: Lumbricidae)
Distribution: Aiusta Cave (Malevics, 1947).
Material examined: Kortskheli Cave, Dark zone, 1 specimen, leg. Sh.
Barjadze, det. C. Csuzdi; Samerthkhleklde I Cave, Twilight zone, 2 speci-
mens, leg. Sh. Barjadze, det. C. Csuzdi.
Eisenia fetida (Savigny, 1826) (Clitellata: Haplotaxida: Lumbricidae)
Distribution: Chlakhe Cave, Sataplia I Cave, Shroma Cave, Tskaro Cave
(Malevics, 1947).
Materail examined: Sakire Cave, Dark zone, 2 specimens, leg. Sh. Bar-
jadze, det. C. Csuzdi.
Eophila hypogea Malevich, 1947 (Clitellata: Haplotaxida: Lumbricidae)
Distribution: Tskaltsitela Cave (Malevics, 1947).
Leechs (Annelida – Hirudinea)
Dina ratschaensis Kobakhidze 1958 (Clitellata: Arhynchobdellida: Er-
pobdellidae)
Distribution: Sakishore Cave, Tsivtskala Cave (Kobakhidze, 1958).
Hirudinea sp. indet.
Distribution: Zeda Kvilishori Cave (Djanashvili, 1980)
Tubicids (Annelida – Tubicida)
Embolocephalus velutinus (Grube 1879) (=Peloscolex velutinus Grube)
(Clitellata: Tubicida: Tubicidae)
Distribution: Tsebelda Cave (Birstein & Lopashov, 1940).
Haplotaxids (Annelida – Haplotaxida)
Archaeodrilus cavaticus Czerniavsky, 1880 (Clitellata: Haplotaxida: Hap-
lotaxidae)
Distribution: Protsenka Cave (near Sokhumi) (Czerniavsky, 1880).
Comment: Its taxonomic status is unclear (Malevich, 1947).
15
Haplotaxis gordioides (Hartmann, 1821) (Clitellata: Haplotaxida: Hap-
lotaxidae)
Distribution: Troika Cave (Sidorov, 2014).
Enchytraeidae sp. indet. (Clitellata: Haplotaxida)
Distribution: Adzaba Cave, Tsakhi Cave (Birstein & Lopashev, 1940;
Malevics, 1947).
Mollusks (Mollusca)
Acrotoma baryshnikovi Likharev et Schileyko, 2007 (Gastropoda: Pul-
monata: Clausiliidae)
Distribution: Georgia, South Ossetia, Dzhavsky district, environs of
Akhsardgin (about 2 km of Kvaisi settlement), Taling-Leget Cave, 1700
m above sea level (Likharev & Schileyko, 2007).
Ancylus uviatilis (Müller, 1774) (Gastropoda: Panpulmonata: Plan-
orbidae)
Material examined: Sataplia I Cave, Dark zone, 3 specimens, leg. L.
Mumladze, det. L. Mumladze.
Belgrandiella abchasica Starobogatov, 1962 (Gastropoda: Neotaenio-
glossa: Hydrobiidae)
Distribution: Kveda Shakurani Cave (Starobogatov, 1962).
Belgrandiella (?) abchasica Starobogatov, 1962 (Gastropoda: Neotae-
nioglossa: Hydrobiidae)
Distribution: Akhali Atoni Cave (Vinarski et al., 2014).
Bythinella sp. (Gastropoda: Littorinimorpha: Amnicolidae)
Material examined: Sataplia I Cave, Dark zone, 10 specimens, leg. L.
Mumladze, det. L. Mumladze.
Circassina frutis (Pfeiffer, 1859) (Gastropoda: Panpulmonata: Hy-
gromiidae)
Material examined: Kortskheli Cave, 1 specimen, leg. T. Arabuli, det. L.
Mumladze.
16
Cochlicopa lubricella (Rossmässler, 1834) (Gastropoda: Panpulmonata:
Cochlicopidae)
Material examined: Prometheus Cave, Dark zone, 1 specimen, leg. L.
Mumladze, det. L. Mumladze.
Codiella sp. (Gastropoda: Littorinimorpha: Bithynidae)
Material examined: Prometheus Cave, Dark zone, 10 specimens, leg. L.
Mumladze, det. L. Mumladze.
Conulopolita cavatica (Riedel, 1966) (= Oxychilus cochlospeleus Tzvet-
kov in Birshtein, 1950, nomen nudum) (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Oxy-
chilidae)
Distribution: Bacha Cave, Chlakhe Cave, Jeopse Cave, Shroma Cave
(Birstein, 1950; Ljovuschkin, 1966).
Conulopolita raddei (Boettger, 1879) (=Hyalinia (Conulopolita) raddei
O. Boettger, 1879) (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Oxychilidae)
Distribution: Anish Cave, Bacha Cave, Chlakhe Cave, Guma Cave, Shro-
ma Cave, Tskaro Cave (Boettger, 1879; Zaitzev, 1948; Birstein, 1950).
Daudebardia nivea Schileyko, 1988 (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Oxy-
chilidae)
Distribution: Ocho Cave (Schileyko, 1988).
Daudebardia sp. (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Oxychilidae)
Distribution: Tskaro Cave (Zaitzev, 1948).
Elia derasa (Mousson, 1863) (Gastropoda: Panpulmonata: Clausiliidae)
Material examined: Orpiri II Cave, Dark zone, 1 specimen, leg. L. Mum-
ladze, det. L. Mumladze.
Euglesa ljovushkini (Starobogatov, 1962) (=Pisidium ljovuschkini
Starobogatov, 1962) (Bivalvia: Veneroida: Sphaeriidae)
Distribution: Tzebelda Cave (Starobogatov, 1962).
17
Euglesa subterranea (Shadin, 1932) (=Pisidium subterraneum Shadin,
1932) (Bivalvia: Veneroida: Sphaeriidae)
Distribution: Sapichkhia Cave, Tsebelda Cave (Shadin, 1932; Birstein &
Lopashov, 1940; Tzvetkov, 1940).
Eumilax brandti (Martens, 1880) (=Paralimax albocarinatus Simroth,
1901) (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Limacidae)
Distribution: Shroma Cave (Birstein & Lopashov, 1940, Tsvetkov, 1940;
Zaitzev, 1948; Birstein, 1950).
Eumilax cf. brandti (Martens, 1880) (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Li-
macidae)
Material examined: Sakishore Cave, Dark zone, 1 specimen, leg. Sh.
Barjadze, det. L. Mumladze.
Geyeria horatieformis Starobogatov, 1962 (Gastropoda: Neotaenioglos-
sa: Hydrobiidae)
Distribution: Kveda Shakurani Cave (Starobogatov, 1962).
Hyalinia sp. (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Zonitidae)
Distribution: Tskaro Cave (Zaitzev, 1948).
Lauria sp. (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Lauriidae)
Distribution: Chlakhe Cave (Birstein, 1950).
Lesticulus nocturnus Schileyko, 1988 (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora:
Trigonochlamydidae)
Distribution: Ocho Cave (Schileyko, 1988).
Motsametia borutzkyi (Shadin, 1932) (=Horatia borutzkyi Shadin, 1932)
(Gastropoda: Neotaenioglossa: Hydrobiidae)
Distribution: Sapichkhia Cave, Tskaltsitela Cave (Shadin, 1932; Vi-
narski et al. 2014).
Mucronaria pleuroptychia (Boettger, 1878) (Gastropoda: Panpulmonata:
Clausiliidae)
18
Material examined: Bregvadzeebisklde Cave, Entrance zone, 1 speci-
men, leg. T. Arabuli, det. L. Mumladze.
«Oxychilus» birsteini Tzvetkov, 1940 (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Oxychi-Pulmonata: Oxychi-Oxychi-
lidae)
Distribution: Kveda Akhalsheni Cave (Tzvetkov, 1940; Birstein, 1950).
Oxychilus koutaisianus (Mousson, 1863) (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Oxy-
chilidae)
Material examined: Chishura source Cave, 1 specimen, leg. T. Arabuli,
det. L. Mumladze; Chishura II Cave, 1 specimen, leg. T. Arabuli, det. L.
Mumladze; Kakhidze Cave, Twilight zone, 1 specimen, leg. Sh. Barjadze,
det. L. Mumladze; Nagarevi Grotto, Twilight zone, 1 specimen, leg. T.
Arabuli, det. L. Mumladze; Orpiri II Cave, Dark zone, 1 specimen, leg.
L. Mumladze, det. L. Mumladze; Samertskhleklde I Cave, Dark zone, 1
specimen, leg. T. Arabuli, det. L. Mumladze; Taroklde Cave, Dark zone,
3 specimens, leg. T. Arabuli, det. L. Mumladze; Tsklisklde Cave, Twilight
zone, 1 specimen, leg. T. Arabuli, det. L. Mumladze.
Oxychilus subeffusus (Boettger, 1879) (=Vitrea subeffusa Boettger,
1879) (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Oxychilidae)
Distribution: Tsebelda Cave (Birstein & Lopashov, 1940; Tsvetkov, 1940).
Oxychilus sucinaceus sucinaceus (Bottger, 1883) (Gastropoda: Pulmo-
nata: Oxychilidae)
Material examined: Kakhidze Cave, Twilight zone, 2 specimens, leg.
T. Arabuli, det. L. Mumladze; Nazodelavo Cave, Entrance zone, 1 speci-
men, Twilight zone, 1 specimen, leg. T. Arabuli, det. L. Mumladze; Orpiri
II Cave, Dark zone, 5 specimens, leg. L. Mumladze, det. L. Mumladze;
Satsurblia Cave, Dark zone, 1 specimen, leg. L. Mumladze, det. L. Mum-
ladze; Savekuo Cave, Entrance zone, 2 specimens, Twilight zone, 1 speci-
men, Dark zone, 1 specimen; leg. T. Arabuli, det. L. Mumladze; Solkota
Cave, Entrance zone, 6 specimens, leg. L. Mumladze, det. L. Mumladze;
Tetra Cave, Entrance zone, 3 specimens, leg. L. Mumladze, det. L. Mum-
19
ladze; Tsklisklde Cave, Dark zone, 1 specimen, leg. T. Arabuli, det. L.
Mumladze;
Oxychilus sp. 1 (as Oxychilus subreticulata Tzvetkov (nomen nudum))
(Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Oxychilidae)
Distribution: Guma Cave (Birstein, 1950).
Oxychilus sp. 2 (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Oxychilidae)
Material examined: Tsivtskala Cave, Entrance zone, 1 specimen, leg.
Sh. Barjadze, det. L. Mumladze.
Paladilhiopsis aculeus Starobogatov, 1962 (Gastropoda: Neotaenioglos-
sa: Moitessieriidae)
Distribution: Kveda Shakurani Cave (Starobogatov, 1962).
Paladilhiopsis schakuranica Starobogatov, 1962 (Gastropoda: Neotae-Neotae-
nioglossa: Moitessieriidae)
Distribution: Kveda Shakurani Cave (Starobogatov, 1962).
Paladilhiopsis shadini Starobogatov, 1962 (Gastropoda: Neotaenioglos-
sa: Moitessieriidae)
Distribution: Akhali Atoni Cave, Tsebelda Cave (Starobogatov, 1962; Vi-
narski et al., 2014).
Physella acuta (Draparnaud, 1805) (Gastropoda: Panpulmonata: Physidae)
Material examined: Prometheus Cave, Dark zone, 1 specimen, leg. L.
Mumladze, det. L. Mumladze.
Pontohoratia birsteini (Starobogatov, 1962) (=Horatia birsteini
Starobogatov, 1962, Horatia ljovushkini Starobogatov, 1962, Hor-
atia sokolovi Starobogatov, 1962) (Gastropoda: Neotaenioglossa:
Hydrobiidae)
Distribution: Kveda Shakurani Cave, Tsebelda Cave (Starobogatov, 1962).
20
Pontohoratia smyri Vinarski, Palatov, Glöer, 2014 (Gastropoda: Neo-
taenioglossa: Hydrobiidae)
Distribution: Akhali Atoni Cave (Vinarski et al. 2014).
Schistophallus sucinacius (Boettger, 1883) (Gastropoda: Pulmonata:
Oxychilidae)
Material examined: Sakishore Cave, Dark zone, 1 specimen, leg. Sh.
Barjadze, det. L. Mumladze.
Scrobifera taurica taurica (Pfeiffer, 1848) (=Idula foveicollis Char-
pentier, 1852) (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Clausiliidae)
Distribution: Chamkhona Cave (Ljovuschkin, 1966).
Serrulina sp. 1 (as Serrulina birsteini Tzvetkov (nomen nudum)) (Gas-
tropoda: Pulmonata: Clausiliidae)
Distribution: Chlakhe Cave (Birstein, 1950).
Serrulina sp. 2 (as Serrulina inferna Tzvetkov (nomen nudum)) (Gas-
tropoda: Pulmonata: Clausiliidae)
Distribution: Bacha Cave (Birstein, 1950).
Serrulina sp. 3 (as Serrulina serena Tzvetkov (nomen nudum)) (Gas-
tropoda: Pulmonata: Clausiliidae)
Distribution: Shroma Cave (Birstein, 1950).
Serrulina sp. 4. (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Clausiliidae)
Distribution: Zeda Akhalsheni Cave (Birstein, 1950).
Vitrinoxychilus subsuturalis (Boettger, 1888) (Gastropoda: Panpulmo-
nata: Oxychilidae)
Material examined: Godogani Cave, Dark zone, 1 specimen, leg. T.
Arabuli, det. L. Mumladze.
Vitrinoxychilus suturalis (Boettger, 1881) (Gastropoda: Panpulmonata:
Oxychilidae)
21
Material examined: Prometheus Cave, Dark zone, 1 specimen, leg. L.
Mumladze, det. L. Mumladze.
Millipedes (Arthropoda-Diplopoda)
Anamastigona mauriesi Golovatch & Makarov, 2011 (Diplopoda: Chor-
deumatida: Anthroleucosomatidae)
Distribution: Tarkili Cave (Golovatch & Makarov, 2011).
Archileucogeorgia abchasica (Lohmander, 1936) (Diplopoda: Ju-
lida: Julidae)
Distribution: Abrskili Cave, Kelasuri Cave (Lohmander, 1936; Birstein
& Lopashov, 1940).
Archileucogeorgia satunini (Lohmander, 1936) (Diplopoda: Julida: Julidae)
Distribution: Kelasuri Cave (Lohmander, 1936).
Archileucogeorgia sp. (Diplopoda: Julida: Julidae)
Distribution: Bnelaklde Cave, Sakadzhia Cave, Sakire Cave, Sataplia
I, II and IV caves, Tetra Cave, Tkibula-Dzevrula Cave, Tsakhi Cave,
Tvishi Cave, Zeda Kvilishori Cave (Golovatch, 1981).
Brachydesmus ferrugineus Lohmander, 1936 (Diplopoda: Polydesmida:
Polydesmidae)
Distribution: Meliis Cave (Golovatch, 1981).
Brachydesmus kalischewskyi Lignau, 1911 (Diplopoda: Polydesmida:
Polydesmidae)
Distribution: Kudaro Cave (Golovatch, 1981).
Choneiulus sp. (Diplopoda: Julida: Blaniulidae)
Distribution: Cave in the Enguri gorge (Golovatch, 1981).
Cylindroiulus sp. (Diplopoda: Julida: Julidae)
Distribution: Meliis Cave (Golovatch, 1981).
22
Leucogeorgia longipes Verhoeff, 1930 (Diplopoda: Julida: Julidae)
Distribution: Sapichkhia Cave (Verhoeff, 1930).
Leucogeorgia rediviva Golovatch, 1983 (Diplopoda: Julida: Julidae)
Distribution: Sabatchya Cave (Golovatch, 1983).
Leucogeorgia sp. (Diplopoda: Julida: Julidae)
Distribution: Tsakhi Cave (Birstein & Lopashov, 1940)
Megaphyllum (Pontobrachyiulus) dioscoriadis (Lignau, 1914) (Diplopo-
da: Julida: Julidae)
Distribution: Shroma Cave (Lohmander, 1936; Kobakhidze, 1965).
Nopoiulus (Paranopoiulus) sp. (Diplopoda: Julida: Blaniulidae)
Distribution: Kelasuri Cave (Lohmander, 1936; Kobakhidze, 1965).
Ratcheuma excorne Golovatch, 1985 (Diplopoda: Chordeumatida: An-
throleucosomatidae)
Distribution: Meliis Cave (Golovatch, 1985).
Trachysphaera fragilis Golovatch, 1976 (Diplopoda: Glomerida: Doderiidae)
Distribution: Ghliana Cave, Kumistavi Cave, Motena Cave, Orpiri II
Cave, Prometheus Cave, Sataplia I Cave, Sataplia II Cave, Sataplia IV
Cave, Solkota Cave, Tetra Cave (Golovatch, 1976, 1990).
Trachysphaera minuta Golovatch, 1976 (Diplopoda: Glomerida: Doderiidae)
Distribution: Shareula I Cave (Golovatch, 1990).
Trachysphaera orientalis Golovatch, 1976 (Diplopoda: Glomerida:
Doderiidae)
Distribution: Bnelakldze Cave, Taroklde Cave, Tsakhi Cave (Golovatch,
1976, 1990).
Trachysphaera radiosa (Lignau, 1911) (Diplopoda: Glomerida: Doderiidae)
Distribution: Sataplia I Cave (Golovatch, 1976).
23
Trachysphaera solida Golovatch, 1976 (Diplopoda: Glomerida: Doderiidae)
Distribution: Prometheus Cave (Golovatch, 1976).
Family Glomeridae indet. (Diplopoda: Glomerida)
Distribution: Tsakhi Cave (Birstein & Lopashov, 1940).
Order Chordeumatida sp. indet.
Distribution: Adzaba Cave (Birstein & Lopashov, 1940).
Order Chordeumatida sp. indet.
Distribution: Krubera-Voronya Cave (Sendra & Reboleira, 2012).
Centipedes (Arthropoda-Chilopoda)
Harpolithobius birsteini Zalesskaya, 1972 (Chilopoda: Lithobiomorpha:
Lithobiidae)
Distribution: Avidzba Cave (Zalesskaya, 1972).
Lithobius coloratus Sseliwanoff, 1881 (Chilopoda: Lithobiomorpha:
Lithobiidae)
Distribution: Tsivtskala Cave (Zalesskaya, 1972).
Lithobius erythrocephalus Koch, 1847 (Chilopoda: Lithobiomorpha:
Lithobiidae)
Distribution: Tsivtskala Cave (Zalesskaya, 1972).
Lithobius portchinskii Sseliwanoff, 1881 (Chilopoda: Lithobiomorpha:
Lithobiidae)
Material examined: Sataplia I Cave, 25.X.1981, 1 female, leg. S.
Golovatch, det. A. Minelli.
Lithobius reconditus Zalesskaja, 1972 (Chilopoda: Lithobiomorpha:
Lithobiidae)
Material examined: Sataplia I Cave, 25.X.1981, 3 specimens, leg. S.
Golovatch, det. A. Minelli.
24
Lithobius stuxbergi Seliwanoff, 1881 (Chilopoda: Lithobiomorpha:
Lithobiidae)
Distribution: Otapistavi Cave (Zalesskaya, 1972).
Material examined: Sataplia I Cave, 25.X.1981, 3 specimens, leg. S.
Golovatch, det. A. Minelli.
Lithobius sp. (Chilopoda: Lithobiomorpha: Lithobiidae)
Distribution: Anish Cave, Otapistavi Cave, Tsakhi Cave (Birstein, 1950).
Lithobius sp. (Chilopoda: Lithobiomorpha: Lithobiidae)
Distribution: Chamkhona Cave (Ljovuschkin, 1966).
Scutigera coleoptrata (Linnaeus, 1758) (Chilopoda: Scutigeromorpha:
Scutigeridae)
Distribution: Tsikherva Cave (Birstein, 1950).
Amphipods – (Arthropoda: Malacostraca: Amphipoda)
Anopogammarus revazi (Birstein & Levuschkin, 1970) (=Zenkebit-
chia revazi Birstein & Levuschkin, 1970) (Malacostraca: Amphipoda:
Typhlogammaridae)
Distribution: Motena Cave (Birstein & Levuschkin, 1970).
Anopogammarus sp. (Malacostraca: Amphipoda: Typhlogammaridae)
Distribution: Akhali Atoni Cave (Vinarski et al., 2014)
Gammarus komareki imeretinus Birstein, 1933 (Malacostraca: Am-
phipoda: Niphargidae)
Distribution: Tskaltsitela Cave (Birstein, 1933).
Gammarus pulex Linnaeus, 1758 (Malacostraca: Amphipoda: Niphargidae)
Distribution: Adzaba Cave, Tsebelda Cave (Birstein & Lopashov, 1940).
Niphargus ablaskiri ablaskiri Birstein, 1940 (Malacostraca: Am-
phipoda: Niphargidae)
Distribution: Abrskili Cave (Birstein, 1940, 1950).
25
Niphargus borutzkyi Birstein, 1933 (Malacostraca: Amphipoda: Niphargidae)
Distribution: Sapichkhia Cave, Sataplia I Cave, Tskaltsitela Cave
(Birstein, 1933, 1950).
Comment: This species was mentioned as “Niphargus stygius borutzkyi
Birstein” erroneously in Birstein, 1950 for Tskaltsitela, Sapichkhia and
Sataplia I caves.
Niphargus inermis Birstein, 1940 (=Niphargus ablaskiri iner-
mis Birstein, 1940) (Malacostraca: Amphipoda: Niphargidae)
Distribution: Kelasuri Cave, Kveda Shakurani Cave, Shroma Cave, Troi-
ka Cave (Birstein, 1940, 1950; Sidorov, 2014).
Niphargus iniochus Birstein, 1941 (=Niphargus puteanus in-
iochus Birstein, 1941) (Malacostraca: Amphipoda: Niphargidae)
Distribution: Kveda Akhalsheni Cave, Kveda Shakurani Cave (Birstein
& Lopashov, 1940; Birstein, 1941, 1950; Sidorov, 2014).
Niphargus magnus Birstein, 1940 (=Niphargus longicaudatus magnus
Birstein, 1940) (Malacostraca: Amphipoda: Niphargidae)
Distribution: Kveda Shakurani Cave, Otapistavi Cave, Shua Shakurani
Cave, Tsebelda Cave (Birstein & Lopashov, 1940; Birstein, 1940, 1950).
Niphargus otharicus Birstain, 1952 (=Niphargus puteanus otharicus
Birstain, 1952) (Malacostraca: Amphipoda: Niphargidae)
Distribution: Bacha Cave (Birstein, 1952).
Stygobromus behningi (Birstein, 1948) (=Synurella behningi Birstein,
1948) (Malacostraca: Amphipoda: Crangonyctidae)
Distribution: Bacha Cave (Birstein, 1948).
Zenkevitchia admirabilis Birstein, 1941 (Malacostraca: Amphipoda:
Typhlogammaridae)
Distribution: Agumava Cave, Akhali Atoni Cave?, Kveda Akhalsheni
Cave, Kveda Shakurani Cave, Shua Shakurani Cave, Tarkili Cave, Tse-
belda Cave, Zeda Shakurani Cave (Birstein & Lopashov, 1940; Birstein,
1940, 1950; Birstein & Levuschkin, 1970; Sidorov, 2014).
26
Zenkevitchia sp. 1 (Malacostraca: Amphipoda: Typhlogammaridae)
Distribution: Krubera-Voronya Cave (Sendra & Reboleira, 2012).
Zenkevitchia sp. 2 (Malacostraca: Amphipoda: Typhlogammaridae)
Distribution: Troika Cave (Sidorov, 2014).
Decapods – (Arthropoda: Malacostraca: Decapoda)
Troglocaris (Xiphocaridinella) ablaskiri Birstein, 1939 (=Troglocaris
schmidti ablaskiri Birstein, 1939) (Malacostraca: Decapoda: Atyidae)
Distribution: Abrskili Cave (Birstein, 1939; Birstein & Lopashov, 1940).
Troglocaris birsteini Mugue, Zueva & Ershov, 2001 (Malacostraca: De-
capoda: Atyidae)
Distribution: Abrskili Cave, Otapistavi Cave (Mugue, Zueva & Er-
shov, 2001).
Troglocaris (Xiphocaridinella) fagei Birstein, 1939 (=Troglocaris sch-
midti fagei Birstein, 1939) (Malacostraca: Decapoda: Atyidae)
Distribution: Aghmavali Cave, Akhali Atoni Cave (Birstein & Lopashov,
1940; Birstein, 1950; Marin & Sokolova, 2014).
Troglocaris (Xiphocaridinella) kutaissiana (Sadowsky, 1930) (=Troglo-
caris schmidti kutaissiana (Sadowsky, 1930) (Malacostraca: Decapoda:
Atyidae)
Distribution: Sapichkhia Cave, Tskaltsitela Cave (Sadowsky, 1930;
Birstein, 1950).
Troglocaris (Xiphocaridinella) osterlof Juzbaš’jan, 1940 (=Troglo-
caris schmidti ostewrlof Juzbaš’jan, 1940) (Malacostraca: Decapoda:
Atyidae)
Distribution: Kveda Shakurani Cave (Juzbaš’jan, 1940; Birstein, 1950).
Troglocaris schmidti Dormitzer, 1853 (Malacostraca: Decapoda: Atyidae)
Distribution: Otapistavi Cave, Tskaro Cave (Birstein & Lopashov, 1940).
Comment: This is probably Troglocaris birsteini in Otapistavi Cave and
possibly undescribed species from Tskaro Cave.
27
Troglocaris sp. (Malacostraca: Decapoda: Atyidae)
Distribution: Krubera-Voronya Cave (Sendra & Reboleira, 2012).
Isopods – (Arthropoda: Malacostraca: Isopoda)
Asellus monticola fontinalis Birstein, 1936 (Malacostraca: Isopoda:
Asellidae)
Distribution: Tskaltsitela Cave (Vinarski et al., 2014).
Asellus sp. (Malacostraca: Isopoda: Asellidae)
Distribution: Adzaba Cave (Zaitzev, 1948).
Borutzkyella revasi (Borutzky, 1973) (=Buddelundiella revasi Bo-
rutzky, 1973) (Malacostraca: Isopoda: Trichoniscidae)
Distribution: Akui Cave (Borutzky, 1973).
Buddelundiella cataractae Verhoeff, 1930 (Malacostraca: Isopoda:
Trichoniscidae)
Distribution: Sataplia IV Cave (Borutzky, 1973).
Caucasoligidium cavernicola ajustae Borutzky, 1950 (Malacostraca: Is-
opoda: Ligiidae)
Distribution: Aiusta Cave, Jeopse Cave (Borutzky, 1950, 1966; Ljo-
vuschkin, 1966).
Caucasoligidium cavernicola amtkelicum Borutzky, 1950 (Malacost-
raca: Isopoda: Ligiidae)
Distribution: Kveda Shakurani Cave (Borutzky, 1950).
Caucasoligidium cavernicola cavernicola Borutzky, 1950 (Malacost-
raca: Isopoda: Ligiidae)
Distribution: Adzaba Cave, Shroma Cave (Borutzky, 1950).
Caucasoligidium cavernicola gogoleticum Borutzky, 1950 (Malacost-
raca: Isopoda: Ligiidae)
Distribution: Tsakhi Cave (Borutzky, 1950).
28
Caucasoligidium cavernicola gumistae Borutzky, 1950 (Malacostraca:
Isopoda: Ligiidae)
Distribution: Kveda Akhalsheni Cave, Zeda Akhalsheni Cave (Bo-
rutzky, 1950).
Caucasonethes borutzkyi Verhoeff, 1932 (Malacostraca: Isopoda:
Trichoniscidae)
Distribution: Sapichkhia Cave (Verhoeff, 1932).
Colchidoniscus kutaissianus Borutzky, 1974 (Malacostraca: Isopoda:
Trichoniscidae)
Distribution: Orpiri II Cave, Sakadzhia Cave, Solkota Cave, Tetra Cave
(Borutzky, 1974).
Colchidoniscus kutaissianus motenae Borutzky, 1974 (Malacostraca:
Isopoda: Trichoniscidae)
Distribution: Motena Cave (Borutzky, 1974).
Cylisticus caucasius Verhoeff, 1917 (Malacostraca: Isopoda: Cy-
listicidae)
Distribution: Chlakhe Cave, Likhni Cave, Tsikherva Cave (Birstein, 1950).
Ligidium fragile Budde-Lund, 1885 (=Ligidium euxinum Verhoeff,
1918; Ligidium euxinum caucasicum Verhoeff) (Malacostraca: Isopoda:
Ligiidae)
Distribution: Bacha Cave, Chlakhe Cave, Likhni Cave (Borutzky, 1950).
Ligidium nodulosum Verhoeff, 1918 (Malacostraca: Isopoda: Ligiidae)
Distribution: Adzaba Cave, Shroma Cave, Tsikherva Cave (Borutzky, 1950).
Ligidium oligodentatum Bor. nomen nudum (Malacostraca: Isopoda:
Ligiidae)
Distribution: Tskaro Cave (Birstein, 1950).
29
Ligidium zaitzevi Borutzky, 1950 (Malacostraca: Isopoda: Ligiidae)
Distribution: Shroma Cave, Tskaro Cave (Borutzky, 1950).
Ligidium sp. 1 (Malacostraca: Isopoda: Ligiidae)
Distribution: Otapistavi Cave (Birstein & Lopashov, 1940).
Ligidium sp. 2 (Malacostraca: Isopoda: Ligiidae)
Distribution: Kveda Shakurani Cave (Birstein & Lopashov, 1940).
Comment: This is probably Caucasoligidium cavernicola amtkelicum
Borutzky, 1950 (Borutzky, 1950).
Ligidium sp. 3 (Malacostraca: Isopoda: Ligiidae)
Distribution: Akhalsheni Cave (Birstein & Lopashov, 1940).
Comment: This is probably Caucasoligidium cavernicola gumistae Bo-
rutzky, 1950 (Borutzky, 1950).
Ligidium sp. 4 (Malacostraca: Isopoda: Ligiidae)
Distribution: Shroma Cave (Birstein & Lopashov, 1940).
Comment: This is probably Caucasoligidium cavernicola cavernicola Borutz-
ky, 1950 or Ligidium nodulosum Verhoeff, 1918 or Ligidium zaitzevi Borutzky,
1950, which were determined later from Shroma Cave (Borutzky, 1950).
Mingrelloniscus inchhuricus Borutzky, 1974 (Malacostraca: Isopoda:
Trichoniscidae)
Distribution: Inchkhuri Cave (Borutzky, 1974).
Trachelipus sp. (=Tracheoniscus sp.) (Malacostraca: Isopoda: Tra-
chelipodidae)
Distribution: Adzaba Cave (Birstein & Lopashov, 1940).
Trichoniscus aphonicus abchasicus Borutzky, 1977 (Malacostraca: Is-
opoda: Trichoniscidae)
Distribution: Adzaba Cave, Dasavlet Gumista Cave, Kveda Akhalsheni
Cave, Shroma Cave, Tskaro Cave, Zeda Akhalsheni Cave (Borutzky, 1977).
30
Trichoniscus aphonicus aphonicus Borutzky, 1977 (Malacostraca: Is-
opoda: Trichoniscidae)
Distribution: Akui Cave, Akhali Atoni Cave, Anukhva Cave, Apokalin-
skaya Cave, Manikvara Cave, Simon Kananeli Cave (Borutzky, 1977).
Trichoniscus aphonicus codoricus Borutzky, 1977 (Malacostraca: Is-
opoda: Trichoniscidae)
Distribution: Abrskili Cave, Otapistavi Cave (Borutzky, 1977).
Trichoniscus gudauticus anamalus Borutzky, 1977 (Malacostraca: Is-
opoda: Trichoniscidae)
Distribution: Unknown cave in Gudauta dostrict, Abkhazeti, Georgia
(Borutzky, 1977).
Trichoniscus gudauticus gudauticus Borutzky, 1977 (Malacostraca: Is-
opoda: Trichoniscidae)
Distribution: Bacha Cave, Likhni Cave (Borutzky, 1977).
Trichoniscus sp. 1 (Malacostraca: Isopoda: Trichoniscidae)
Distribution: Aghmavali Cave (Birstein & Lopashov, 1940).
Trichoniscus sp. 2 (Malacostraca: Isopoda: Trichoniscidae)
Distribution: Otapistavi Cave (Birstein & Lopashov, 1940).
Syncarida - (Arthropoda: Malacostraca: Bathynellacea)
Parabathynella stygia Chappuis, 1926 (Malacostraca: Bathynellacea:
Parabathynellidae)
Distribution: Kveda Kvilishori Cave (Birstein & Ljovuschkin, 1968).
Maxillopods – (Arthropoda: Maxillopoda)
Acanthocyclops vernalis vernalis (Fischer, 1853) (Maxillopoda: Cy-
clopoida: Cyclopidae)
Distribution: Abrskili Cave, Aghmavali Cave, Sapichkhia Cave (Bo-
rutzky, 1930a; Birstein, 1950).
31
Attheyella crassa (Sars, 1863) (Maxillopoda: Harpacticoida: Can-
thocamptidae)
Distribution: Ghliana Cave, Kveda Kvilishori Cave (Borutzky &
Mikhailova-Neikova, 1970).
Attheyella wulmeroides Borutzky, 1930 (Maxillopoda: Harpacticoida:
Canthocamptidae)
Distribution: Sapichkhia Cave (Borutzky, 1930b, 1940, 1948; Birstein, 1950).
Bryocamptus birsteini Borutsky, 1940 (Maxillopoda: Harpacticoida:
Canthocamptidae)
Distribution: Tsakhi Cave (Birstein & Lopashov, 1940; Borutzky, 1940,
1948; Birstein, 1950).
Bryocamptus innominatus Borutsky, 1940 (Maxillopoda: Harpacticoida:
Canthocamptidae)
Distribution: Otapistavi Cave, Tsakhi Cave, Zeda Kvilishori Cave
(Birstein & Lopashov, 1940; Borutzky, 1940, 1948; Birstein, 1950;
Borutzky & Mikhailova-Neikova, 1970).
Bryocamptus reductus Borutsky, 1948 (Maxillopoda: Harpacticoida:
Canthocamptidae)
Distribution: Shroma Cave (Borutzky, 1948; Birstein, 1950).
Bryocamptus zschokkei caucasicus Kiefer, 1978 (=Bryocamptus zs-
chokkei caucasicus Borutsky, 1960) (Maxillopoda: Harpacticoida:
Canthocamptidae)
Distribution: Kveda Kvilishori Cave, Zeda Kvilishori Cave (Borutzky &
Mikhailova-Neikova, 1970).
Bryocamptus zschokkei similis Borutsky, 1930 (=Bryocamptus simi-
lis Borutsky, 1930) (Maxillopoda: Harpacticoida: Canthocamptidae)
Distribution: Sapichkhia Cave (Borutzky, 1930b).
32
Bryocamptus zschokkei tatrensis (Minkiewicz, 1916) (=Bryocamptus cauca-
sicus Borutzky, 1931) (Maxillopoda: Harpacticoida: Canthocamptidae)
Distribution: Sapichkhia Cave (Borutzky, 1930b; Birstein, 1950).
Ceuthonectes serbicus Chappuis, 1924 (=Morariodes colchidana Bo-
rutzky, 1930) (Maxillopoda: Harpacticoida: Canthocamptidae)
Distribution: Kveda Kvilishori Cave, Sakire Cave, Sapichkhia Cave (Bo-
rutzky, 1930b, 1940; Birstein, 1950; Borutzky & Mikhailova-Neikova, 1970).
Cyclops strenuus strenuus Fischer, 1851 (Maxillopoda: Cyclopoida: Cy-
clopidae)
Distribution: Aghmavali Cave, Simon Kananeli Cave (Birstein & Lopa-
shov, 1940; Birstein, 1950).
Diacyclops bicuspidatus (Claus, 1857) (=Acanthocyclops bicuspidatus
Claus, 1857) (Maxillopoda: Cyclopoida: Cyclopidae)
Distribution: Sapichkhia Cave (Borutzky, 1930a; Birstein, 1950).
Echinocamptus georgevitchi (Chappuis, 1924) (Maxillopoda: Harpacti-
coida: Canthocamptidae)
Distribution: Ghliana Cave (Borutzky & Mikhailova-Neikova, 1970).
Elaphoidella birsteini Borutsky, 1948 (Maxillopoda: Harpacticoida:
Canthocamptidae)
Distribution: Shroma Cave (Birstein, 1950; Borutzky, 1948).
Eucyclops serrulatus serrulatus (Fischer, 1851) (?) (Maxillopoda: Cy-
clopoida: Cyclopidae)
Distribution: Sapichkhia Cave (Borutzky, 1930; Zaitzev, 1948).
Macrocyclops albidus albidus (Jurine, 1820) (Maxillopoda: Cy-
clopoida: Cyclopidae)
Distribution: Sapichkhia Cave (Borutzky, 1930a; Zaitzev, 1948).
Moraria colchica Borutzky & Mikhailova-Neikova, 1970 (Maxillopo-
da: Harpacticoida: Canthocamptidae)
33
Distribution: Kveda Kvilishori Cave (Borutzky & Mikhailova-Neiko-
va, 1970).
Moraria cornuta Borutzky, 1948 (Maxillopoda: Harpacticoida: Can-
thocamptidae)
Distribution: Shroma Cave (Borutzky, 1948; Birstein, 1950).
Moraria varica (Graeter, 1911) (Maxillopoda: Harpacticoida: Canthocamptidae)
Distribution: Inchkhuri Cave (Borutzky & Mikhailova-Neikova, 1970).
Moraria sp. (Maxillopoda: Harpacticoida: Canthocamptidae)
Distribution: Tarkili Cave (Borutzky, 1948; Zaitzev, 1948).
Nitocrella colchica Borutzky & Mikhailova-Neikova, 1970 (Maxil-
lopoda: Harpacticoida: Ameiridae)
Distribution: Kveda Kvilishori Cave (Borutzky & Mikhailova-Neik-
ova, 1970).
Nitocrella sp. (Maxillopoda: Harpacticoida: Ameiridae)
Distribution: Zeda Kvilishori Cave (Borutzky & Mikhailova-Neikova, 1970).
Paracyclops mbriatus mbriatus (Fischer, 1853) (Maxillopoda: Cy-
clopoida: Cyclopidae)
Distribution: Adzaba Cave, Aghmavali Cave, Sapichkhia Cave, Si-
mon Kananeli Cave, Tarkili Cave (Borutzky, 1930a; 1948; Birstein &
Lopashov, 1940; Birstein, 1950).
Speocyclops colchidanus (Borutsky, 1930) (Maxillopoda: Cyclopoida:
Cyclopidae)
Distribution: Sapichkhia Cave (Borutzky, 1930a; Birstein, 1950).
Seed shrimp-(Arthropoda: Ostracoda: Podocopida)
Mixtacandona riongessa (Bronshtein, 1947) (=Cryptocandona ri-
ongessa Bronshtein, 1947) (Ostracoda: Podocopida: Candonidae)
Distribution: Sapichkhia Cave (Bronstein, 1947).
34
Harvestmen – (Arthropoda-Arachnida-Opiliones)
Giljarovia redikorzevi (Charitonov 1946) (=Nemastoma redikorzevi
Charitonov, 1946, Malekia redikorzevi (Charitonov, 1946)) (Arachnida:
Opiliones: Nemastomatidae)
Distribution: Sataplia 1 Cave, Tsutskhvati Cave (Charitonov, 1946; Ljo-
vushkin & Starobogatov, 1963; Martens, 2006).
Mitostoma gracile (Redikorzev, 1936) (Arachnida: Opiliones: Ne-
mastomatidae)
Distribution: MFTI Cave (Martens, 2006).
Nelima pontica (Charitonov, 1941) (Arachnida: Opiliones: Sclerosoma-
tidae)
Distribution: Adzaba Cave, Kelasuri Cave, Tskaro Cave (Charitonov,
1941a, 1947; Zaitzev, 1948).
Nemaspela abchasica (Ljovuschkin & Starobogatov, 1963) (=Bu-
resiolla abchasica Ljovuschkin & Starobogatov, 1963) (Arachnida:
Opiliones: Nemastomatidae)
Distribution: Kuibishevi Cave, Kveda Shakurani Cave, L-24 Cave (Ljo-
vushkin & Starobogatov, 1963; Ljovushkin, 1972; Martens, 2006).
Nemaspela birsteini Ljovuschkin, 1972 (Arachnida: Opiliones: Ne-
mastomatidae)
Distribution: Tarkili Cave, Zemo Eshera Cave (Ljovuschkin, 1972).
Nemaspela femorecurvata Martens, 2006 (Arachnida: Opiliones: Ne-
mastomatidae)
Distribution: Sakishore Cave (Martens, 2006).
Nemaspela gagrica Tchemeris, 2013 (Arachnida: Opiliones: Nem-
astomatidae)
Distribution: Sarma Cave (Tchemeris, 2013).
Nemaspela sp. (Arachnida: Opiliones: Nemastomatidae)
Distribution: Krubera-Voronya Cave (Sendra & Reboleira, 2012).
35
Odiellus sp. (Arachnida: Opiliones: Phalangiidae)
Distribution: Chamkhona Cave (Ljovuschkin, 1966).
Paranemastoma kalischevskyi (Roewer, 1951) – as Nemastoma ka-
lischevskyi in Ljovuschkin, 1966, 1972 (Arachnida: Opiliones: Nemasto-
matidae)
Distribution: Chamkhona Cave, MFT Cave (Ljovuschkin, 1966, 1972;
Martens, 2006).
False scorpiones – (Arthropoda-Arachnida-Pseudoscorpionida)
Chthonius (Chthonius) satapliaensis Schawaller and Dashdamirov,
1988 (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpionida: Chthoniidae)
Distribution: Sataplia II Cave (Schawaller & Dashdamirov, 1988; Dash-
damirov & Schawaller, 1992).
Neobisium (Blothrus) birsteini (Lapschoff, 1940) (Arachnida: Pseu-
doscorpionida: Neobisiidae)
Distribution: Krubera-Voronya Cave, Tarkili Cave (Lapschoff, 1940;
Mahnert, 1979; Dashdamirov & Schawaller, 1992; Martínez Sánchez-
Dehesa & Zaragoza, 2010; Sendra & Reboleira, 2012).
Neobisium (Neobisium) crassifemoratum (Beier, 1928) (Arachnida:
Pseudoscorpionida: Neobisiidae)
Distribution: Kelasuri Cave (Schawaller, 1983).
Neobisium (Neobisium) labinskyi Beier, 1937 (Arachnida: Pseu-
doscorpionida: Neobisiidae)
Distribution: Kelasuri Cave, Tetra Cave (Schawaller, 1983).
Neobisium (Heoblothrus) sakadzhianum Krumpál, 1984 (Arachnida:
Pseudoscorpionida: Neobisiidae)
Distribution: Sakadzhia Cave (Krumpál, 1984; Dashdamirov & Scha-
waller, 1992).
36
Neobisium (Blothrus) verae (Lapschoff, 1940) (Arachnida: Pseu-
doscorpionida: Neobisiidae)
Distribution: Meliis Cave, Sataplia I Cave, Tsakhi Cave (Birstein &
Lopashov, 1940; Lapschoff, 1940; Schawaller, 1983; Schawaller &
Dashdamirov, 1988).
Neobisium (Blothrus) sp. (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpionida: Neobisiidae)
Distribution: Anish Cave (Birstein, 1950).
Neobisium sp. (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpionida: Neobisiidae)
Material examined: Dolabistavi cave, Dark zone, 3 specimens, leg. Sh.
Barjadze, det. J. Zaragoza.
Roncus birsteini Krumpál, 1986 (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpionida: Neo-
bisiidae)
Distribution: Iluzia-tovliani-mejeni Cave (Krumpál, 1986).
Spiders - (Arthropoda: Arachnida: Araneae)
Aituaria pontica (Spassky, 1932) (=Nesticus ponticus Spassky, 1932)
(Arachnida: Araneae: Nesticidae)
Distribution: Tarkili Cave (Charitonov, 1947; Mcheidze, 1964).
Alopecosa cuneata (Clerck, 1757) (Arachnida: Araneae: Lycosidae)
Material examined: Tsklisklde Cave, Entrance zone, 2 specimens, leg. T.
Arabuli, det. V. Pkhakadze.
Amaurobius fenestralis (Strom, 1768) (Arachnida: Araneae: Amaurobiidae)
Material examined: Tsakhi cave, Entrance zone, 1 specimen, leg. T. Ar-1 specimen, leg. T. Ar-
abuli, det. V. Pkhakadze.
Arctosa cinerea (Fabricius, 1777) (Arachnida: Araneae: Lycosidae)
Material examined: Khvedelidzeebisklde Cave, Entrance zone, 4 speci-
mens, leg. T. Arabuli, det. V. Pkhakadze.
37
Carpathonesticus borutzkyi (Reimoser, 1930) (=Nesticus borutzkyi Re-
imoser, 1930) (Arachnida: Araneae Nesticidae)
Distribution: Patsristavi Cave, Sapichkhia Cave, Sataplia I Cave, Tetra
Cave (Reimoser, 1930; Charitonov, 1941b, 1946, 1947; Mcheidze, 1964).
Carpathonesticus caucasicus (Charitonov, 1947) (=Nesticus caucasicus
Charitonov, 1947) (Arachnida: Araneae Nesticidae)
Distribution: Agumava Cave, Anish Cave, Chlakhe Cave (Charitonov,
1947; Birstein, 1950).
Carpathonesticus zaitzevi (Charitonov, 1939) (=Nesticus zaitzevi Chari-
tonov, 1939) (Arachnida: Araneae Nesticidae)
Distribution: Adzaba Cave, Afonskaja Cave, Aghmavali Cave, Kela-
suri Cave, Otapistavi Cave, Shroma Cave, Tsebelda Cave, Tskaro Cave,
Zeda Akhalsheni Cave, Zeda Shakurani Cave (Charitonov, 1939, 1941,
1947; Zaitzev, 1948; Mcheidze, 1964, 1997; Pichka, 1965).
Cybaeus abchasicus Charitonov, 1947 (Arachnida: Araneae: Cybaeidae)
Distribution: Tarkili Cave (Charitonov, 1947).
Diplocephalus caucasicus Tanasevitch, 1987 (Arachnida: Araneae:
Linyphiidae)
Distribution: Kelasuri Cave (Tanasevitch, 1987).
Episinus truncatus Latreille, 1809 (Arachnida: Araneae: Theridiidae)
Distribution: Adzaba Cave, Kelasuri Cave, Shroma Cave (Charitonov,
1939, 1947, Birstein, 1950; Mcheidze, 1964).
Eukoenenia vargovitshi Christian, 2014 (Arachnida: Araneae: Eu-
koeneniidae)
Distribution: Kveda Shakurani Cave (Christian, 2014).
Hoplopholcus longipes (Spassky, 1934) (Arachnida: Araneae: Pholcidae)
Distribution: Agumava Cave, Likhni Cave, Patsristavi Cave, Sataplia I Cave,
Tetra Cave (Charitonov, 1941b, 1947; Zaitzev, 1948; Mcheidze, 1964).
38
Liniphia sp. (Arachnida: Araneae: Liniphiidae)
Material examined: Nazodelavo Cave, Twilight zone, 1 specimen, leg. T.
Arabuli, det. V. Pkhakadze; Savekuo Cave, Dark zone, 1 specimen, leg. T.
Arabuli, det. V. Pkhakadze.
Meta bourneti Simon, 1922 (Arachnida: Araneae: Tetragnathidae)
Distribution: Adzaba Cave, Kelasuri Cave (Charitonov, 1939; 1941,
1947; Mcheidze, 1964).
Metellina merianae (Scopoli, 1763) (=Meta merianae Scopoli, 1763)
(Arachnida: Araneae: Tetragnathidae)
Distribution: Adzaba Cave, Kelasuri Cave, Kortskheli Cave, Patsristavi
Cave, Tarkili Cave (Charitonov, 1947; Mcheidze, 1964; 1997; Kovblyuk
et al. 2011).
Oxyopes lineatus (Latreille, 1806) (Arachnida: Araneae: Oxyopidae)
Material examined: Kortskheli Cave, Twilight zone, 1 specimen, leg. T.
Arabuli, det. V. Pkhakadze.
Pardosa agricola (Thorell, 1856) (Arachnida: Araneae: Lycosidae)
Material examined: Bregvadzeebisklde Cave, Twilight zone, 12.08.14,
1 specimen, leg. T. Arabuli, det. V. Pkhakadze; Garakha Cave, Twilight
zone, 2 specimens, leg. T. Arabuli, det. V. Pkhakadze.
Pardosa hortensis (Thorell, 1872) (Arachnida: Araneae: Lycosidae)
Material examined: Kakhidze cave, Entrance zone, 1 specimen, leg. T.
Arabuli, det. V. Pkhakadze.
Pardosa monticola (Clerck, 1757) (Arachnida: Araneae: Lycosidae)
Material examined: Tsakhi cave, Twilight zone, 2 specimens, leg. T.
Arabuli, det. V. Pkhakadze.
Pardosa sp. (Arachnida: Araneae: Lycosidae)
Material examined: Letsurtsume Cave, Twilight zone, 2 specimens, leg.
39
T. Arabuli, det. V. Pkhakadze.
Pirata knorri scopoli, 1763 (Arachnida: Araneae: Lycosidae)
Material examined: Taroklde Cave, Twilight zone, 1 specimen, leg. T.
Arabuli, det. V. Pkhakadze.
Pirata sp. (Arachnida: Araneae: Lycosidae)
Material examined: Tsakhi cave, Twilight zone, 1 specimen, leg. T.
Arabuli, det. V. Pkhakadze.
Pisaura mirabilis (Clerck, 1757) (Arachnida: Araneae: Pisauridae)
Material examined: Letsurtsume Cave, Twilight zone, 3 specimens, leg.
T. Arabuli, det. V. Pkhakadze; Tsakhi Cave, Entrance zone, 2 specimens,
leg. T. Arabuli, det. V. Pkhakadze.
Porrhomma convexum (Westring, 1851) (Arachnida: Araneae: Linyphiidae)
Distribution: Cave in Pitsunda/Myussera Reserve (Kovblyuk et al. 2011).
Segestria senoculata (Linnaeus, 1758) (Arachnida: Araneae: Sege-
striidae)
Distribution: Chamkhona Cave (Ljovuschkin, 1966).
Tegenaria abchasica Charitonov, 1941 (Arachnida: Araneae: Agelenidae)
Distribution: Kelasuri Cave (Charitonov, 1941a, 1947).
Tegenaria sp. (Arachnida: Araneae: Agelenidae)
Distribution: Tetra Cave (Charitonov, 1947).
Theridion impressum (Koch, 1881) (Arachnida: Araneae: Theridiidae)
Material examined: Tsakhi Cave, Entrance zone, 2 specimens, leg. T.
Arabuli, det. V. Pkhakadze.
Theridion melanorium Hahn, 1831 (Arachnida: Araneae: Theridiidae)
Material examined: Tsakhi Cave, Entrance zone, 1 specimen, leg. T.
Arabuli, det. V. Pkhakadze.
40
Theridion sp. 1 (Arachnida: Araneae: Theridiidae)
Material examined: Tsivtskala Cave, Entrance zone, 1 specimen, leg.
T. Arabuli, det. V. Pkhakadze.
Theridion sp. 2 (Arachnida: Araneae: Theridiidae)
Material examined: Kortskheli Cave, Twilight zone, 4 specimens, leg. T.
Arabuli, det. V. Pkhakadze.
Theridion sp. 3 (Arachnida: Araneae: Theridiidae)
Material examined: Khvedelidzeebisklde Cave, Dark zone, 1 specimen,
leg. T. Arabuli, det. V. Pkhakadze.
Tibellus macellus (Simon, 1875) (Arachnida: Araneae: Philodromidae)
Material examined: Letsurtsume Cave, Twilight zone, 1 specimen, leg.
T. Arabuli, det. V. Pkhakadze.
Trochosa ruricola (De Geer, 1778) (Arachnida: Araneae: Lycosidae)
Material examined: Kortskheli Cave, Twilight zone, 1 specimen, leg. T.
Arabuli, det. V. Pkhakadze.
Troglohyphantes deelemanae Tanasevitch, 1986 (Arachnida: Araneae:
Linyphiidae)
Distribution: Nameless cave in the Achibakh plateau, Sirotka Cave, Tu-
pikovaya Cave (Tanasevitch, 1986).
Troglohyphantes sp. (Arachnida: Araneae: Linyphiidae)
Distribution: Krubera-Voronya Cave (Sendra & Leboreira, 2012).
Gnaphosidae sp. indet. (Arachnida: Araneae)
Distribution: Krubera-voronya Cave (Sendra & Leboreira, 2012).
Mites - (Arthropoda: Arachnida: Acari)
Acari sp. indet.
Distribution: Krubera-Voronya Cave (Sendra & Reboleira, 2012).
41
Oribatid mites (Arthropoda: Arachnida: Acari: Sarcoptiformes)
Achipteria longisetosa Murvanidze & Weigmann, 2003 (Arachnida:
Sarcoptiformes: Achipteriidae)
Distribution: Dzudzuana Cave, Navenakhevi Cave, Sakajia Cave (Mur-
vanidze, 2014).
Acrogalumna longipluma adjarica Murvanidze &Weigmann, 2003
(Arachnida: Sarcoptiformes: Galumnidae)
Distribution: Mafeli Cave (Murvanidze, 2014).
Aleurodamaeus setosus (Berlese, 1883) (Arachnida: Sarcoptiformes:
Aleurodamaeidae)
Distribution: Dzudzuana Cave, Mikava Cave, Sakajia Cave (Mur-
vanidze, 2014).
Amerobelba decedens Berlese, 1908 (Arachnida: Sarcoptiformes: Am-
erobelbidae)
Distribution: Cave between Tkibuli and Kutaisi, Meliis Cave, Tsutskhvati
Cave Complex (Japaridze & Gomelauri, 1986).
Autogneta longilamellata (Michael, 1885) (Arachnida: Sarcoptiformes:
Autognetidae)
Distribution: Kidobana Cave (Murvanidze, 2014).
Belba dubinini Bulanova-Zachvatkina, 1962 (Arachnida: Sarcopti-
formes: Damaeidae)
Distribution: Navenakhevi Cave (Murvanidze, 2014).
Berniniella silvatica (Vasiliu & Calugar, 1976) (Arachnida: Sarcopti-
formes: Oppiidae)
Distribution: Dzudzuana Cave (Murvanidze, 2014).
Brachichtonius sp. (Arachnida: Sarcoptiformes: Brachychthoniidae)
Distribution: Cave between Tkibuli and Kutaisi (Japaridze & Gomelauri, 1986).
42
Ceratoppia bipilis (Hermann, 1804) (Arachnida: Sarcoptiformes: Ast-
egistidae)
Distribution: Tskaltsitela Grotto (Japaridze & Gomelauri, 1986).
Ceratoppia quadridentata (Haller, 1882) (Arachnida: Sarcoptiformes:
Astegistidae)
Distribution: Kidobana Cave, Sakajia Cave (Murvanidze, 2014).
Ceratozetes gracilis (Michael, 1884) (Arachnida: Sarcoptiformes: Cera-
tozetidae)
Distribution: Kidobana Cave (Murvanidze, 2014).
Ceratozetes sp. (Arachnida: Sarcoptiformes: Ceratozetidae)
Distribution: Sakishore Cave (Japaridze & Gomelauri, 1986).
Chamobates cuspidatus (Michael, 1884) (Arachnida: Sarcoptiformes:
Chamobatidae)
Distribution: Kidobana Cave, Tsakhi Cave (Murvanidze, 2014).
Chamobates interpositus Pschorn-Walcher, 1953 (Arachnida: Sar-
coptiformes: Chamobatidae)
Distribution: Sameleklde Cave, Tsutskhvati II Cave (Murvanidze, 2014).
Chamobates spinosus Sellnick, 1928 (Arachnida: Sarcoptiformes:
Chamobatidae)
Distribution: Leskhulukhe Cave (Murvanidze, 2014).
Chamobates voigtsi (Oudemans, 1902) (Arachnida: Sarcoptiformes:
Chamobatidae)
Distribution: Dzudzuana Cave, Kidobana Cave, Leskhulukhe Cave, Mo-
tena cave, Navenakhevi Cave, Sameleklde Cave, Shareula I Cave, Tsakhi
Cave, Tsutskhvati VIII Cave, Tsutskhvati XI Cave (Murvanidze, 2014).
Conchogneta dalecarlica (Forsslund, 1947) (Arachnida: Sarcoptiformes:
Autognetidae)
43
Distribution: Dzudzuana Cave, Navenakhevi Cave, Tsakhi Cave (Mur-
vanidze, 2014).
Dissorhina ornata (Oudemans, 1900) (Arachnida: Sarcoptiformes: Oppiidae)
Distribution: Dzudzuana Cave (Murvanidze, 2014).
Dissorhina signata Schwalbe, 1989 (Arachnida: Sarcoptiformes: Oppiidae)
Distribution: Dzudzuana Cave (Murvanidze, 2014).
Dorycranosus splendens (Coggi, 1898) (Arachnida: Sarcoptiformes:
Liacaridae)
Distribution: Sakinule Cave (Murvanidze, 2014).
Epidamaeus pinguis Kulijev, 1967 (Arachnida: Sarcoptiformes: Damaeidae)
Distribution: Kidobana Cave, Shareula I Cave (Murvanidze, 2014).
Eremaeus sp. (Arachnida: Sarcoptiformes: Eremaeidae)
Distribution: Sakishore Cave (Japaridze & Gomelauri, 1986).
Eupelops acromios (Hermann, 1804) (Arachnida: Sarcoptiformes: Phe-
nopelopidae)
Distribution: Kidobana Cave, Navenakhevi Cave, Riv. Chishura source
Cave (Murvanidze, 2014).
Eupelops torulosus (Koch, 1839) (Arachnida: Sarcoptiformes: Phe-
nopelopidae)
Distribution: Kakhidze Cave (Murvanidze, 2014).
Galumna alata (Hermann, 1804) (Arachnida: Sarcoptiformes: Ga-
lumnidae)
Distribution: Dzudzuana Cave (Murvanidze, 2014).
Ghilarovus kvavadzei Murvanidze, 2014 (Arachnida: Sarcoptiformes:
Zetomotrichidae)
Distribution: Tsakhi Cave, Tsutskhvati II Cave, Tsutskhvati XI Cave
(Murvanidze, 2014).
44
Graptoppia foveolata Paoli, 1908 (Arachnida: Sarcoptiformes: Oppiidae)
Distribution: Meliis Cave, Prometheus Cave (Japaridze & Gomelauri, 1986).
Gustavia microcephala (Nicolet, 1855) (Arachnida: Sarcoptiformes:
Gustaviidae)
Distribution: Dzudzuana Cave (Murvanidze, 2014).
Hoplophthiracarus illinoisensis (Ewing, 1909) (Arachnida: Sarcopti-
formes: Phthiracaridae)
Distribution: Mafeli Cave, Sakinule Cave, Sameleklde Cave (Mur-
vanidze, 2014).
Hypochthonius rufulus Koch, 1835 (Arachnida: Sarcoptiformes: Hy-
pochthoniidae)
Distribution: Dzudzuana Cave (Murvanidze, 2014).
Liebstadia similis (Michael, 1888) (Arachnida: Sarcoptiformes: Sche-
loribatidae)
Distribution: Meliis Cave (Japaridze & Gomelauri, 1986).
Lucoppia sp. (Arachnida: Sarcoptiformes: Oribatulidae)
Distribution: Meliis Cave (Japaridze & Gomelauri, 1986).
Machuella draconis Hammer, 1961 (Arachnida: Sarcoptiformes: Ma-
chuellidae)
Distribution: Dzudzuana Cave (Murvanidze, 2014).
Metabelbella agelliseta Bulanova-Zachvatkina, 1965 (Arachnida: Sar-
coptiformes: Damaeidae)
Distribution: Kidobana Cave (Murvanidze, 2014).
Metabelbella macerochaeta Bulanova-Zachvatkina, 1967 (Arachnida:
Sarcoptiformes: Damaeidae)
Distribution: Sakajia Cave (Murvanidze, 2014).
Metabelba papillipes (Nicolet, 1855) (Arachnida: Sarcoptiformes:
Damaeidae)
Distribution: Tsivtskala Cave (Murvanidze, 2014).
45
Metabelba pseudoitalica Bulanova-Zachvatkina, 1965 (Arachnida: Sar-
coptiformes: Damaeidae)
Distribution: Dzudzuana Cave (Murvanidze, 2014).
Microzetes caucasicus (Krivolutsky, 1967) (Arachnida: Sarcoptiformes:
Microzetidae)
Distribution: Dzudzuana Cave (Murvanidze, 2014).
Minunthozetes pseudofusiger (Schweizer, 1922) (Arachnida: Sarcopti-
formes: Mycobatidae)
Distribution: Dzudzuana Cave, Kidobana Cave, Mafeli Cave, Mikava
Cave, Nagarevi Grotto, Navenakhevi Cave, Riv. Chishura source Cave,
Sakajia Cave, (Murvanidze, 2014).
Miracarus hurkai Kunst, 1959 (Arachnida: Sarcoptiformes: Microzetidae)
Distribution: Tsivtskala Cave (Murvanidze, 2014).
Oppia nitens Koch, 1836 (Arachnida: Sarcoptiformes: Oppiidae)
Distribution: Dzudzuana Cave, Nagarevi Grotto, Sakajia Cave (Mur-
vanidze, 2014).
Oppiella (Rhinoppia) fallax (Paoli, 1908) (Arachnida: Sarcoptiformes:
Oppiidae)
Distribution: Chishura II Cave, Mafeli Cave (Murvanidze, 2014).
Oppiella (Oppiella) nova (Oudemans, 1902) (Arachnida: Sarcoptiformes:
Oppiidae)
Distribution: Dzudzuana Cave (Murvanidze, 2014).
Oppiella (Moritzoppia) splendens Koch, 1841 (Arachnida: Sarcopti-
formes: Oppiidae)
Distribution: Buja-Karianiklde Cave (Japaridze & Gomelauri, 1986).
Oppiella (Rhinoppia) subpectinata (Oudemans, 1900) (Arachnida: Sar-
coptiformes: Oppiidae)
Distribution: Dzudzuana Cave, Leskhulukhe Cave, Mafeli Cave (Mur-
vanidze, 2014).
46
Oppiella (Moritzoppia) unicarinata clavigera (Hammer, 1952) (Arach-
nida: Sarcoptiformes: Oppiidae)
Distribution: Buja-Karianiklde Cave (Japaridze & Gomelauri, 1986).
Oribatella berlesei (Michael, 1898) (Arachnida: Sarcoptiformes: Ori-
batellidae)
Distribution: Sakajia Cave (Murvanidze, 2014).
Oribatula tibialis (Nicolet, 1855) (Arachnida: Sarcoptiformes: Ori-
batulidae)
Distribution: Sakajia Cave, Nagarevi Grotto (Japaridze & Gomelauri,
1986; Murvanidze, 2014).
Oribatula sp. (Arachnida: Sarcoptiformes: Oribatulidae)
Distribution: Sakishore Cave (Japaridze & Gomelauri, 1986).
Oribella pectinata (Michael, 1885) (Arachnida: Sarcoptiformes: Ori-
bellidae)
Distribution: Nagarevi Grotto (Murvanidze, 2014).
Oribella sp. (Arachnida: Sarcoptiformes: Oribellidae)
Distribution: Prometheus Cave, Tskaltsitela Grotto (Japaridze & Gome-
lauri, 1986).
Oxyoppioides decipiens (Paoli, 1908) (Arachnida: Sarcoptiformes:
Oppiidae)
Distribution: Navenakhevi Cave, Sakinule Cave, Tsakhi Cave, Tsutskh-
vati VII Cave (Murvanidze, 2014).
Pantelozetes alpestris Willmann, 1929 (Arachnida: Sarcoptiformes: Ori-
bellidae)
Distribution: Tskaltsitela Grotto, Navenakhevi Cave (Japaridze, 1986;
Murvanidze, 2014).
Comment: N. Japaridze recorded Amazoppia tricuspidata in Tskaltsitela
Grotto (Japaridze, 1986), which is now synonym of Pantelozetes alpestris
(Schatz, unpublished data).
47
Parachipteria fanzagoi (Jacot, 1929) (Arachnida: Sarcoptiformes:
Achipteriidae)
Distribution: Kidobana Cave (Murvanidze, 2014).
Parachipteria punctata (Nicolet, 1855) (Arachnida: Sarcoptiformes:
Achipteriidae)
Distribution: Mafeli Cave (Murvanidze, 2014).
Phauloppia lucorum (Koch, 1841) (Arachnida: Sarcoptiformes:
Oribatulidae)
Distribution: Navenakhevi Cave, Sakinule Cave (Murvanidze, 2014).
Phauloppia pilosa (Koch, 1841) (Arachnida: Sarcoptiformes: Oribatulidae)
Distribution: Sakajia Cave (Murvanidze, 2014).
Phthiracarus ferrugineus (Koch, 1841) (Arachnida: Sarcoptiformes:
Phthiracaridae)
Distribution: Mafeli Cave, Navenakhevi Cave, Sameleklde Cave
(Murvanidze, 2014).
Phthiracarus globosus (CL Koch, 1841) (Arachnida: Sarcoptiformes:
Phthiracaridae)
Distribution: Nagarevi Grotto (Murvanidze, 2014).
Pilogalumna tenuiclava Berlese, 1914 (Arachnida: Sarcoptiformes:
Galumnidae)
Distribution: Kidobana Cave (Murvanidze, 2014).
Porobelba spinosa (Sellnick, 1920) (Arachnida: Sarcoptiformes: Damaeidae)
Distribution: Motena cave (Murvanidze, 2014).
Protoribates capucinus Berlese, 1908 (Arachnida: Sarcoptiformes:
Haplozetidae)
Distribution: Dzudzuana Cave (Murvanidze, 2014).
Punctoribates punctum (Koch, 1839) (Arachnida: Sarcoptiformes:
Mycobatidae)
Distribution: Dzudzuana Cave, Leskhulukhe Cave (Murvanidze, 2014).
48
Punctoribates spunctum (Koch, 1839) (Arachnida: Sarcoptiformes: My-
cobatidae)
Distribution: Mafeli Cave (Murvanidze, 2014).
Quadroppia (Coronoquadroppia) media Gordeeva, 1983 (Arachnida:
Sarcoptiformes: Quadroppiidae)
Distribution: Dzudzuana Cave (Murvanidze, 2014).
Ramusella clavipectinata (Michael, 1885) (Arachnida: Sarcoptiformes:
Oppiidae)
Distribution: Chishura II Cave, Kidobana Cave, Leskhulukhe Cave, Mi-
kava Cave, Motena cave, Nagarevi Grotto, Riv. Chishura source Cave
(Murvanidze, 2014).
Ramusella insculpta (Paoli, 1908) (Arachnida: Sarcoptiformes: Oppiidae)
Distribution: Dzudzuana Cave, Navenakhevi Cave, Tsakhi Cave (Mur-
vanidze, 2014).
Rhysotritia ardua (Koch, 1841) (Arachnida: Sarcoptiformes: Euphthira-
caridae)
Distribution: Dzudzuana Cave, Leskhulukhe Cave, Mikava Cave,
Tsutskhvati II Cave (Murvanidze, 2014).
Scheloribates latipes (Koch, 1844) (Arachnida: Sarcoptiformes: Sche-
loribatidae)
Distribution: Dzudzuana Cave, Sameleklde Cave, Tsutskhvati II Cave
(Murvanidze, 2014).
Scheloribates laevigatus (Koch, 1835) (Arachnida: Sarcoptiformes:
Scheloribatidae)
Distribution: Tsutskhvati II Cave, Tsutskhvati XI Cave (Murvanidze, 2014).
Sphaerozetes tricuspidatus Willmann, 1923 (Arachnida: Sarcoptiformes:
Ceratozetidae)
Distribution: Chishura II Cave, Kidobana Cave, Mafeli Cave, Motena
Cave, Navenakhevi Cave (Murvanidze, 2014).
49
Steganacarus (Tropacarus) patruelis Niedbala, 1983 (Arachnida: Sar-
coptiformes: Phthiracaridae)
Distribution: Kidobana Cave (Murvanidze, 2014).
Steganacarus (Steganacarus) spinosus (Sellnick, 1920) (Arachnida:
Sarcoptiformes: Phthiracaridae)
Distribution: Dzudzuana Cave, Kidobana Cave (Murvanidze, 2014).
Steganacarus (Atropacarus) striculus (Koch, 1835) (Arachnida: Sarcop-
tiformes: Phthiracaridae)
Distribution: Kidobana Cave (Murvanidze, 2014).
Tectocepheus velatus velatus (Michael, 1880) (Arachnida: Sarcopti-
formes: Tectocepheidae)
Distribution: Dzudzuana Cave, Kakhidze Cave, Motena cave, Nave-
nakhevi Cave, Tsivtskala Cave (Murvanidze, 2014).
Umbellozetes fuscus Krivolutsky, 1969 (Arachnida: Sarcoptiformes: Te-
goribatidae)
Distribution: Tskaltsitela Grotto (Japaridze & Gomelauri, 1986).
Xenillus tegeocranus (Hermann, 1804) (Arachnida: Sarcoptiformes:
Liacaridae)
Distribution: Tsutskhvati XI Cave (Murvanidze, 2014).
Zetorchestes falzonii Coggi, 1898 (Arachnida: Sarcoptiformes: Ze-
torchestidae)
Distribution: Kakhidze Cave (Murvanidze, 2014).
Zygoribatula cognata (Oudemans, 1902) (Arachnida: Sarcoptiformes:
Oribatulidae)
Distribution: Sameleklde Cave (Murvanidze, 2014).
Zygoribatula frisiae (Oudemans, 1900) (Arachnida: Sarcoptiformes:
Oribatulidae)
Distribution: Kidobana Cave, Sakinule Cave (Murvanidze, 2014).
50
Mesostigmatid mites (Arthropoda: Arachnida:
Acari: Mesostigmata)
Hypoaspis aculeifer (Canestrini, 1883) (Arachnida: Mesostigmata: Der-
manyssoidae)
Distribution: Ghliana Cave (Japaridze & Gomelauri, 1986).
Macrocheles penicilliger (Berlese, 1904) (Arachnida: Mesostigmata:
Macrochelidae)
Distribution: Ghliana Cave, Prometheus Cave (Japaridze & Gome-
lauri, 1986).
Parasitus (Vulgarogamasus) modestus Tikhomirov & Zelia, 1975
(Arachnida: Mesostigmata: Parasitidae)
Distribution: Motena Cave, Sarkumali Cave, Sataplia IV Cave, Tetra
Cave (Tikhomirov & Zelia, 1975).
Pergamasus sp. (Arachnida: Mesostigmata: Parasitidae)
Distribution: Motena Cave (Japaridze & Gomelauri, 1986).
Stigmaeus petrophilus Kuznetsov & Petrova, 1979 (Arachnida: Me-
sostigmata: Stigmaeidae)
Distribution: Samgleklde Cave (Kuznetsov & Petrova, 1979).
Veigaia planicola (Berlese, 1892) (Arachnida: Mesostigmata: Veigaiaidae)
Distribution: Meliis Cave (Japaridze & Gomelauri, 1986).
Springtails – (Arthropoda-Collembola)
Anurida stereoodorata Jordana & Baquero, 2012 (Collembola: Po-
duromorpha: Neanuridae)
Distribution: Kruvera-Voronya Cave (Jordana et al. 2012).
Argonychiurus multiocellatus Djanashvili, Barjadze, Jordana & Bur-
khardt, 2014 (Collembola: Poduromorpha: Onychiuridae)
Distribution: Tvishi Cave (Djanashvili et al. 2014).
51
Arrhopalites abchasicus Vargovitsh, 2013 (Collembola: Symphypleona:
Arrhopalitidae)
Distribution: Aghmavali Cave (Vargovitsh, 2013).
Arrhopalites caecus (Tullberg, 1871) (Collembola: Symphypleona: Ar-
rhopalitidae)
Distribution: Simon kananeli Cave, Solkota Cave (Barjadze & Dja-
nashvili, 2008)
Arrhopalites macronyx Vargovitsh, 2012 (Collembola: Symphypleona:
Arrhopalitidae)
Distribution: Anukhva Cave (Vargovitsh, 2012).
Ceratophysella armata (Nicolet, 1842) (Collembola: Poduromorpha: Hy-
pogastruridae)
Distribution: Prometheus Cave (Barjadze & Djanashvili, 2008).
Ceratophysella cavicola (Borner, 1901) (Collembola: Poduromorpha:
Hypogastruridae)
Distribution: Meliis Cave, Tskaro Cave (Barjadze & Djanashvili, 2008).
Coecobrya sp. (Collembola: Entomobryomorpha: Entomobryidae)
Material examined: Navenakhevi Cave, Entrance zone, 1 specimen, leg.
Sh. Barjadze, det. Sh. Barjadze; Navenakhevi Cave, Twilight zone, 2 spci-
mens, leg. Sh. Barjadze, det. Sh. Barjadze.
Desoria trispinata (MacGillivray, 1896) (Collembola: Entomobryomor-
pha: Isotomidae)
Distribution: Akui Cave, Sataplia IV Cave, Shakurani I Cave (Bar-
jadze & Djanashvili, 2008).
Desoria sp. (Collembola: Entomobryomorpha: Isotomidae)
Material examined: Kidobana Cave, Entrance zone, 3 specimens, leg.
Sh. Barjadze, det. Sh. Barjadze.
Deuteraphorura kruberaensis Jordana & Baquero, 2012 (Collembola:
Poduromorpha: Onychiuridae)
Distribution: Kruvera-Voronya Cave (Jordana et al. 2012).
52
Deuteraphorura variabilis (Stach, 1954) (Collembola: Poduromorpha:
Onychiuridae)
Distribution: Manikvara Cave (Barjadze & Djanashvili, 2008).
Deuterosminthurus sp. (Collembola: Symphypleona: Bourletiellidae)
Distribution: Ghliana Cave (Barjadze & Djanashvili, 2008).
Folsomia candida Willem, 1902 (Collembola: Entomobryomorpha: Iso-
tomidae)
Distribution: Cave in the Enguri gorge, Khvedelidzeebisklde Cave, Me-
liis Cave, Prometheus Cave, Sataplia I Cave, Simon Kananeli Cave, Tetra
Cave, Tsikhe Cave, Tskaro Cave (Barjadze & Djanashvili, 2008).
Material examined: Garakha Cave, Dark zone, 4 specimens, leg. Sh.
Barjadze, det. Sh. Barjadze; Samerthkhleklde I Cave, Dark zone, 7 speci-
mens, leg. Sh. Barjadze, det. Sh. Barjadze.
Folsomia metaria (Linnaeus, 1758) (Collembola: Entomobryomorpha:
Isotomidae)
Distribution: Sataplia IV Cave, Tetra Cave (Barjadze & Djanashvili, 2008).
Folsomia inoculata Stach, 1946 (Collembola: Entomobryomorpha: Iso-
tomidae)
Distribution: Meliis Cave (Barjadze & Djanashvili, 2008).
Folsomia ksenemani Stach, 1947 (Collembola: Entomobryomorpha:
Isotomidae)
Distribution: Dzudzuana Cave (Barjadze et al. 2012).
Material examined: Nazodelavo Cave, Entrance zone, 5 specimens, leg.
Sh. Barjadze, det. Sh. Barjadze.
Folsomia penicula Bagnall, 1939 (Collembola: Entomobryomorpha:
Isotomidae)
Material examined: Navenakhevi Cave, Entrance zone, 4 specimens,
leg. Sh. Barjadze, det. Sh. Barjadze; Nazodelavo Cave, Entrance zone, 5
specimens, leg. Sh. Barjadze, det. Sh. Barjadze.
53
Folsomia spinosa Kseneman, 1936 (Collembola: Entomobryomorpha:
Isotomidae)
Distribution: Meliis Cave (Barjadze & Djanashvili, 2008).
Folsomia sp. (Collembola: Entomobryomorpha: Isotomidae)
Material examined: Kidobana Cave, Entrance zone, 6 specimens, leg.
Sh. Barjadze, det. Sh. Barjadze; Leskhulukhe Cave, Twilight zone, 3 spec-
imens, Sh. Barjadze, det. Sh. Barjadze; Sakinule Cave, Entrance zone, 2
specimens, leg. Sh. Barjadze, det. Sh. Barjadze.
Folsomides parvulus Stach, 1922 (Collembola: Entomobryomorpha: Iso-
tomidae)
Distribution: Prometheus Cave (Barjadze & Djanashvili, 2008).
Friesea sp. (Collembola: Poduromorpha: Neanuridae)
Material examined: Kidobana Cave, Entrance zone, 14 specimens, leg.
Sh. Barjadze, det. Sh. Barjadze.
Heteromurus nitidus (Templeton, 1835) (Collembola: Entomobryomor-
pha: Entomobryidae)
Distribution: Tsutskhvati Cave Complex (Barjadze & Djanashvili, 2008).
Material examined: Chishura Cave, Twilight zone, 1 specimen, leg. Sh.
Barjadze, det. Sh. Barjadze; Leskhulukhe Cave, Entrance zone, 1 speci-
men, leg. Sh. Barjadze, det. Sh. Barjadze; Motena Cave, Entrance zone, 2
specimens, leg. Sh. Barjadze, det. Sh. Barjadze; Tetra Cave, Dark zone, 1
specimen, leg. Sh. Barjadze, det. Sh. Barjadze.
Hypogastrura viatica (Tullberg, 1872) (Collembola: Poduromorpha: Hy-
pogastruridae)
Distribution: Prometheus Cave, Sataplia IV Cave (Barjadze &
Djanashvili, 2008)
Hypogastrura sp. (Collembola: Poduromorpha: Hypogastruridae)
Material examined: Khvedelidzeebisklde Cave, Twilight zone, 2 speci-
mens, leg. Sh. Barjadze, det. Sh. Barjadze.
54
Lepidocyrtus lignorum (Fabricius, 1793) (Collembola: Entomobryomor-Entomobryomor-
pha: Entomobryidae)
Material examined: Kidobana Cave, Entrance zone, 1 specimen, leg. Sh.
Barjadze, det. Sh. Barjadze; Motena Cave, Entrance zone, 3 specimens,
leg. Sh. Barjadze, det. Sh. Barjadze; Navenakhevi Cave, Entrance zone,
2 specimens, leg. Sh. Barjadze, det. Sh. Barjadze; Nazodelavo Cave, En-
trance zone, 2 specimens, leg. Sh. Barjadze, det. Sh. Barjadze.
Lepidocyrtus sp. (Collembola: Entomobryomorpha: Entomobryidae)
Distribution: Tetra Cave (Barjadze & Djanashvili, 2008).
Megalothorax sp. (Collembola: Neelipleona: Neelidae)
Distribution: Sataplia I Cave, Tsakhi Cave (Barjadze & Djanashvili, 2008).
Mesogastrura ojcoviensis (Stach, 1919) (Collembola: Poduromorpha:
Hypogastruridae)
Distribution: Akui Cave, Samgleklde Cave, Taroklde Cave, Tetra Cave,
Tsutskhvati Cave Complex (Barjadze & Djanashvili, 2008).
Material examined: Sakajia Cave, Entrance zone, 1 specimen, leg. Sh.
Barjadze, det. Sh. Barjadze.
Metaphorura affinis Börner, 1902 (Collembola: Poduromorpha:
Tullbergiidae)
Distribution: Dzudzuana Cave (Barjadze et al. 2012).
Material examined: Navenakhevi Cave, Twilight zone, 2 specimens, leg.
Sh. Barjadze, det. Sh. Barjadze.
Micranurida pygmaea Borner, 1901 (Collembola: Poduromorpha:
Neanuridae)
Distribution: Sakire Cave (Barjadze & Djanashvili, 2008).
Neanura muscorum (Templeton, 1835) (Collembola: Poduromorpha:
Neanuridae)
Distribution: Meliis Cave (Barjadze & Djanashvili, 2008).
55
Neelus murinus Folsom, 1896 (Collembola: Neelipleona: Neelidae)
Distribution: Tetra Cave (Barjadze & Djanashvili, 2008).
Oligaphorura schoetti (Lie-Pettersen, 1896) (Collembola: Poduromor-
pha: Onychiuridae)
Distribution: Akui Cave, Shua Shakurani Cave (Barjadze & Dja-
nashvili, 2008).
Onychiuroides granulosus (Stach, 1930) (Collembola: Poduromorpha:
Onychiuridae)
Distribution: Kelasuri Cave, Tskaro Cave (Barjadze & Djanashvili, 2008).
Orogastrura sp. (Collembola: Poduromorpha: Hypogastruridae)
Material examined: Tsutskhvati II Cave, Twilight zone, 1 specimen, leg.
Sh. Barjadze, det. Sh. Barjadze.
Plutomurus birsteini Djanashvili & Barjadze, 2011 (Collembola: Ento-
mobryomorpha: Tomoceridae)
Distribution: Bnelaklde Cave, Khvedelidzeebisklde Cave, Meliis
Cave, Sakire Cave, Sakishore Cave, Sataplia IV Cave, Shareula II Cave,
Taroklde Cave, Tsakhi Cave, Tsutskhvati Cave Complex, Tvishi Cave
(Djanashvili & Barjadze, 2011).
Material examined: Khvedlidzeebisklde Cave, Dark zone, 1 specimen,
leg. Sh. Barjadze, det. Sh. Barjadze; Taroklde Cave, Twilight zone, 2 spec-
imens, leg. Sh. Barjadze, det. Sh. Barjadze; Tsakhi Cave, Dark zone, 1
specimen, leg. Sh. Barjadze, det. Sh. Barjadze; Tsklisklde Cave, Twilight
zone, 5 specimens, leg. Sh. Barjadze, det. Sh. Barjadze.
Plutomurus kelasuricus Martynova, 1969 (Collembola: Entomobryo-
morpha: Tomoceridae)
Distribution: Adzaba Cave, Aghmosavlet Gumista I Cave, Aghmosavlet
Gumista II Cave, Kelasuri Cave, Leskhulukhe Cave, Sataplia IV Cave,
Shakurani IV Cave, Shua Shakurani Cave, Simon Kananeli Cave, Solkota
cave, Tsebelda Cave (Martynova, 1969; Barjadze & Djanashvili, 2014).
56
Plutomurus ortobalaganensis Jordana & Baquero, 2012 (Collembola:
Entomobryomorpha: Tomoceridae)
Distribution: Krubera-Voronya Cave (Jordana et al. 2012).
Plutomurus sp. 1 (Collembola: Entomobryomorpha: Tomoceridae)
Material examined: Godogani Cave, Dark zone, 3 specimens, leg. Sh.
Barjadze, det. Sh. Barjadze.
Plutomurus sp. 2 (Collembola: Entomobryomorpha: Tomoceridae)
Material examined: Orpiri II Cave, Dark zone, 1 specimen, leg. Sh. Bar-
jadze, det. Sh. Barjadze; Prometheus Cave, Dark zone, 3 specimens, leg.
Sh. Barjadze, det. Sh. Barjadze; Satsurblia Cave, Dark zone, 3 specimens,
leg. Sh. Barjadze, det. Sh. Barjadze.
Plutomurus sp. 3 (Collembola: Entomobryomorpha: Tomoceridae)
Material examined: Solkota Cave, Entrance zone, 3 specimens, leg. Sh.
Barjadze, det. Sh. Barjadze.
Plutomurus sp. 4 (Collembola: Entomobryomorpha: Tomoceridae)
Material examined: Garakha Cave, Dark zone, 2 specimens, leg. Sh.
Barjadze, det. Sh. Barjadze.
Plutomurus sp. 5 (Collembola: Entomobryomorpha: Tomoceridae)
Material examined: Dolabistavi Cave, Dark zone, 1 specimen, leg. Sh.
Barjadze, det. Sh. Barjadze.
Plutomurus sp. 6 (Collembola: Entomobryomorpha: Tomoceridae)
Material examined: Tetra Cave, Dark zone, 3 specimens, leg. Sh. Barjadze,
det. Sh. Barjadze.
Plutomurus sp. 7 (Collembola: Entomobryomorpha: Tomoceridae)
Material examined: Satevzia Cave, Dark zone, 10 specimens, leg. Sh.
Barjadze, det. Sh. Barjadze.
Plutomurus sp. 8 (Collembola: Entomobryomorpha: Tomoceridae)
Material examined: Shurubumu Cave, Dark zone, 3 specimens, leg. Sh.
Barjadze, det. Sh. Barjadze.
57
Proisotoma minuta (Tullberg, 1871) (Collembola: Entomobryomorpha:
Isotomidae)
Distribution: Ghliana Cave, Prometheus Cave, Tsikhe Cave (Barjadze &
Djanashvili, 2008).
Protaphorura meridiata (Gisin, 1952) (Collembola: Poduromorpha: On-Poduromorpha: On-
ychiuridae)
Material examined: Tsutskhvati XI Cave, Entrance zone, 4 specimens,
leg. Sh. Barjadze, det. Sh. Barjadze.
Protaphorura sakatoi (Yosii, 1966) (Collembola: Poduromorpha: Ony-
chiuridae)
Distribution: Dzudzuana Cave (Barjadze et al. 2012).
Pseudacherontides zenkevitchi Djanaschvili, 1971 (Collembola: Po-
duromorpha: Hypogastruridae)
Distribution: Prometheus Cave (Djanaschvili, 1971).
Pseudachorutes dubius Krausbauer, 1898 (Collembola: Poduromorpha:
Neanuridae)
Distribution: Prometheus Cave (Barjadze & Djanashvili, 2008).
Pseudosinella alba (Packard, 1873) (Collembola: Entomobryomorpha:
Entomobryidae)
Material examined: Kakhidze Cave, Entrance zone, 1 specimen, leg. Sh.
Barjadze, det. Sh. Barjadze.
Pseudosinella octopunctata Borner, 1901 (Collembola: Entomobryo-(Collembola: Entomobryo-Entomobryo-
morpha: Entomobryidae)
Material examined: Kakhidze Cave, Twilight zone, 4 specimens, leg. Sh.
Barjadze, det. Sh. Barjadze.
Ptenothrix kuraschvilii Djanaschvili, 1970 (Collembola: Symphypleona:
Dicyrtomidae)
Distribution: Sataplia IV Cave (Djanaschvili, 1970).
58
Pygmarrhopalites principalis Stach, 1945 (Collembola: Symphypleona:
Arrhopalitidae)
Distribution: Bnelaklde Cave, Meliis Cave, Sataplia I Cave, Solkota
Cave, Tetra Cave, Tsakhi Cave, Tsutskhvati Cave Complex (Barjadze &
Djanashvili, 2008).
Pygmarrhopalites pygmaeus (Wankel, 1860) (Collembola: Symphypleo-
na: Arrhopalitidae)
Distribution: Sakire Cave (Barjadze & Djanashvili, 2008).
Schaefferia profundissima Jordana & Baquero, 2012 (Collembola: Po-
duromorpha: Hypogastruridae)
Distribution: Krubera-Voronya Cave (Jordana et al. 2012).
Sphaeridia sp. (Collembola: Symphypleona: Sminthurididae)
Distribution: Prometheus Cave (Barjadze & Djanashvili, 2008).
Tomocerus minor (Lubbock, 1862) (Collembola: Entomobryomorpha:
Tomoceridae)
Material examined: Chishura Source Cave, Entrance zone, 2 specimens,
leg. Sh. Barjadze, det. Sh. Barjadze; Dzudzuana Cave, Entrance zone,
2 specimens, leg. Sh. Barjadze, det. Sh. Barjadze; Kortskheli Cave, En-
trance zone, 2 specimens, leg. Sh. Barjadze, det. Sh. Barjadze; Letsurt-
sume Cave, Entrance zone, 1 specimen, leg. Sh. Barjadze, det. Sh. Bar-
jadze; Mafeli Cave, Entrance zone, 1 specimen, leg. Sh. Barjadze, det. Sh.
Barjadze; Motena Cave, Entrance zone, 7 specimens, leg. Sh. Barjadze,
det. Sh. Barjadze; Orpiri II Cave, Entrance zone, 3 specimens, leg. Sh.
Barjadze, det. Sh. Barjadze.
Tomocerus vulgaris (Tullberg, 1871) (Collembola: Entomobryomorpha:
Tomoceridae)
Material examined: Kidobana Cave, Entrance zone, 5 specimens, leg.
Sh. Barjadze, det. Sh. Barjadze; Letsurtsume Cave, Entrance zone, 1 spec-
imen, leg. Sh. Barjadze, det. Sh. Barjadze; Sameleklde Cave, Entrance
zone, 1 specimen, leg. Sh. Barjadze, det. Sh. Barjadze; Taroklde Cave,
Entrance zone, 1 specimen, leg. Sh. Barjadze, det. Sh. Barjadze;
59
Troglopalites stygios Vargovitsh, 2012 (Collembola: Symphypleona: Ar-
rhopalitidae)
Distribution: Kveda Shakurani Cave, Tsebelda Cave, Zeda Shakurani
Cave (Vargovitsh, 2012).
Typhlogastrura morozovi Babenko, 1987 (Collembola: Poduromorpha:
Hypogastruridae)
Distribution: Iluzia-tovliani-mejeni Cave (Babenko, 1987).
Willowsia buski (Lubbock, 1871) (Collembola: Entomobryomorpha:
Entomobryidae)
Distribution: Jortsku I Cave (Barjadze & Djanashvili, 2008).
Willowsia nigromaculata (Lubbock, 1873) (Collembola: Entomobryo-
morpha: Entomobryidae)
Distribution: Sakadzhia Cave (Barjadze & Djanashvili, 2008).
Insects – (Arthropoda-Insecta)
Diplurans – (Arthropoda-Diplura)
Campodea (Dicampa) imeretinensis Chevrizov, 1976) (Insecta: Diplura:
Campodeidae)
Distribution: Prometheus Cave (Chevrizov, 1976).
Flies – (Arthropoda-Insecta-Diptera)
Aedes vexans (Meigen, 1830) (Insecta: Diptera: Culicidae)
Distribution: Patsristavi Cave, Tetra Cave (Zaitzev, 1948).
Bradysia ? (=Neosciara sp. ?) (Insecta: Diptera: Sciaridae)
Distribution: Adzaba Cave (Zaitzev, 1940; Birstein, 1950).
Fannia scalaris (Fabricius, 1794) (Insecta: Diptera: Fanniidae)
Distribution: Adzaba Cave (Zaitzev, 1940).
Heteromyza atricornis Meigen, 1830 (=Thelida atricornis Meigen,
1830) (Insecta: Diptera: Helomyzidae)
Distribution: Adzaba Cave (Zaitzev, 1940; Birstein, 1950).
60
Limonia nubeculosa Meigen, 1804 (Insecta: Diptera: Limoniidae)
Distribution: Adzaba Cave, Aghmavali Cave, Akhalsheni Cave, Otapista-
vi Cave, Shroma Cave, Tsebelda Cave (Birstein & Lopashov, 1940; Zai-
tzev, 1940, 1948; Birstein, 1950).
Nycteribia schmidlii Schiner, 1853 (=Listropoda schmidlii Schiner,
1853) (Insecta: Diptera: Nycteribidae)
Distribution: Adzaba Cave (Zaitzev, 1940).
Orthocladius sp. ? (Insecta: Diptera: Chironomidae)
Distribution: Tsakhi Cave (Birstein & Lopashov, 1940; Birstein, 1950).
Sciara sp. ? (Lycoria sp. ?) (Insecta: Diptera: Sciaridae)
Distribution: Otapistavi Cave (Birstein & Lopashov, 1940; Birstein, 1950).
Trichocera (Saltrichocera) maculipennis (Meigen 1818) (Insecta: Dip-
tera: Trichoceridae)
Distribution: Krubera-Voronya Cave (Sendra & Reboleira, 2012).
Silvershs and rebrats – (Arthropoda-Insecta-Thysanura)
Thysanura sp. indet.
Distribution: Adzaba Cave (Satunin, 1912).
Caddisies – (Arthropoda-Insecta- Trichoptera)
Plectrocnemia sp. ? (Insecta: Trichoptera: Polycentropodidae)
Distribution: Shua Shakurani Cave, Zeda Shakurani Cave (Birstein &
Lopashov, 1940; Lepneva 1940; Birstein, 1950).
Orthopterans (Arthropoda-Insecta-Orthoptera)
Dolichopoda euxina Semenov, 1901 (Insecta: Orthoptera: Rhaphidophoridae)
Distribution: Abrskili Cave, Adzaba Cave, Aghmavali Cave, Agumava Cave,
Aiusta Cave, Anish Cave, Bacha Cave, Chlakhe Cave, Guma Cave, Jokhra
Cave, Kelasuri Cave, Kveda Akhalsheni Cave, Kveda Shakurani Cave, Likh-
ni Cave, Mashe Cave, Otapistavi Cave, Patsristavi Cave, Sapichkhia Cave,
Sataplia I Cave, Shua Shakurani Cave, Shroma Cave, Simon Kananeli Cave,
Tarkili Cave, Tetra Cave, Tsakhi Cave, Tsebelda Cave, Tsikherva Cave, Tskaro
61
Cave, Tskhaltsitela Cave, Zeda Akhalsheni Cave, Zeda Shakurani Cave (Se-
menov, 1901; Shugurov, 1908; Uvarov, 1912; Boldirev, 1913; Satunin, 1912;
Birstein & Lopashov, 1940; Zaitzev, 1940, 1948; Birstein, 1950).
Material examined: Tsivtskala cave, Entrance zone, 1 adult male, leg. T.
Arabuli, det. M. Rampini.
Grylloidea sp. indet. (Insecta: Orthoptera)
Distribution: Tsikherva Cave (Boldirev, 1913).
Beetles (Arthropoda-Insecta-Coleoptera)
Ground beetles – Carabidae
Carabus sp. (Insecta: Coleoptera: Carabidae)
Distribution: Krubera-Voronya Cave (Sendra & Reboleira, 2012).
Cimmerites kurnakovi Jeannel, 1960 (Insecta: Coleoptera: Carabidae)
Distribution: Bacha Cave (Jeannel, 1960).
Cimmerites morozovi (Dolzhanski et Ljovuschkin, 1990) (=Birstei-
notrechus morozovi Dolzhanski et Ljovuschkin, 1990) (Insecta: Co-
leoptera: Carabidae)
Distribution: Cave at Mt. Achibakh (Dolzhanski & Ljovuschkin, 1990).
Duvalius abyssimus Reboleira & Ortuño, 2014 (Insecta: Coleoptera:
Carabidae)
Distribution: Krubera-Voronya Cave (Reboleira & Ortuño, 2014).
Duvalius iljukhini (Dolzhanskij et Ljovuschkin, 1985) (=Jeannelius iljukhi-
ni Dolzhanskij et Ljovuschkin, 1985) (Insecta: Coleoptera: Carabidae)
Distribution: Suveniri Cave (Dolzhanskij & Ljovuschkin, 1985).
Duvalius sokolovi Ljovuschkin, 1963 (Insecta: Coleoptera: Carabidae)
Distribution: Trekhuza Cave (Ljovuschkin, 1963).
Inotrechus injaevae Dolzhanskij et Ljovuschkin, 1989 (Insecta: Co-
leoptera: Carabidae)
Distribution: Sakishore Cave (Daizhanskij & Ljovuschkin, 1989).
62
Inotrechus kurnakovi Dolzhanskij et Ljovuschkin, 1989 (Insecta: Co-
leoptera: Carabidae)
Distribution: Prometheus Cave (Dolzhanski & Ljovuschkin, 1989).
Jeannelius gloriosus Ljovuschkin, 1965 (Insecta: Coleoptera: Carabidae)
Distribution: Akhali Atoni Cave (Ljovuschkin, 1965).
Jeannelius magnicus Kurnakov, 1959 (Insecta: Coleoptera: Carabidae)
Distribution: Kveda Shakurani Cave, Tsebelda Cave (Kurnakov, 1959;
Ljovuschkin, 1963).
Laemostenus (Antisphodroides) ljovushkini Vereschagina, 1985 (Insec-
ta: Coleoptera: Carabidae)
Distribution: Prometheus Cave, Sakadzhia Cave, Solkota, Tetra Cave,
Tsutskhvati Cave Complex (Vereschagina, 1985).
Meganophthalmus kutaissianus (Zaitzev, 1941) (=Duvalius kutaissian-
us Zaitzev, 1941) (Insecta: Coleoptera: Carabidae)
Distribution: Tskaltsitela Cave (Zaitzev, 1941).
Meganophthalmus medvedevi Belousov et Koval, 2009 (Insecta: Co-
leoptera: Carabidae)
Distribution: Otapistavi Cave (Belousov & Koval, 2009).
Meganophthalmus mirabilis Kurnakov, 1959 (Insecta: Coleoptera: Car-
abidae)
Distribution: Tsebelda Cave, Zeda Shakurani Cave (Kurnakov, 1959; Be-
lousov & Koval, 2009).
Taniatrechus setosus Belousov et Dolzhanskij, 1994 (Insecta: Co-
leoptera: Carabidae)
Distribution: Suveniri Cave (Belousov & Dolzhanskij, 1994).
Troglocimmerites djanaschwilii Ljovuschkin, 1970 (Insecta: Co-
leoptera: Carabidae)
Distribution: Meliis Cave (Ljovuschkin, 1970).
63
Troglocimmerites imeretinus (Dolzhanskij et Ljovuschkin, 1985)
(=Birsteinotrechus imeretinus Dolzhanskij et Ljovuschkin, 1985)
(Insecta: Coleoptera: Carabidae)
Distribution: Sataplia IV Cave (Dalzhanski & Ljovuschkin, 1985).
Trechini sp. indet. (Insecta: Coleoptera: Carabidae)
Distribution: Kelasuri Cave (Zaitzev, 1948).
Rove beetles – Staphylinidae
Lesteva pubescens Mannerheim, 1830 (Insecta: Coleoptera: Staphylinidae)
Distribution: Chamkhona Cave (Ljovushkin, 1966).
Bryaxis hypocritus Plavilshchikov, 1940 (Insecta: Coleoptera: Sta-Insecta: Coleoptera: Sta-Sta-
phylinidae)
Distribution: Tsakhi Cave (Plavilshchikov, 1940).
Cholevidae
Catops cavicis Giachino, 2011 (Insecta: Coleoptera: Cholevidae)
Distribution: Krubera-Voronya Cave (Giachino, 2011).
Hister beetles – Histeridae
Gnathoncus rotundatus (Kugelann, 1792) (Insecta: Coleoptera: Hi-Insecta: Coleoptera: Hi-Hi-
steridae)
Distribution: Adzaba Cave (Zaitzev, 1948).
Ants (Arthropoda-Insecta-Hymenoptera)
Lasius fuligonosus Latreille, 1798 (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Material examined: Usholta Cave, Twilight zone, 3 specimens, leg. Sh.
Barjadze, det. N. Gratiashvili.
Leptothorax acervorum (Fabricius, 1793) (Insecta: Hymenoptera: For-
micidae)
Material examined: Samertskhleklde I Cave, Twilight zone, 3 speci-
mens, leg. Sh. Barjadze, det. N. Gratiashvili.
64
Butteries and moths (Arthropoda-Insecta- Lepidoptera)
Scoliopteryx libatrix (Linnaeus, 1758) (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Material examined: Dolabistavi Cave, Twilight and Dark zones, 3 speci-
mens, leg. Sh. Barjadze, det. T. Chunashvili; Sakishore Cave, Dark zone,
2 specimens, leg. Sh. Barjadze, det. T. Chunashvili.
Triphosa dubitata (Linnaeus, 1758) (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Geometridae)
Material examined: Dolabistavi Cave, Twilight and Dark zones, 6 speci-
mens, leg. Sh. Barjadze, det. T. Chunashvili; Sakishore Cave, Dark zone,
3 specimens, leg. Sh. Barjadze, det. T. Chunashvili; Usholta Cave, Dark
zone, 5 specimens, leg. Sh. Barjadze, det. T. Chunashvili.
65
PART II. CAVES AND THEIR INVERTEBRATES’ COMMUNITIES
Abrskili (=Ablaskiri, Achkhi-tizgua, Achkhshe-
tizgua, Chlou) Cave
Fanavi karst massif, Ochamchire district, Abkhazeti, Georgia
Amphipods (1): Niphargus ablaskiri ablaskiri Birstein, 1940
Decapods (2): Troglocaris (Xiphocaridinella) ablaskiri Birstein,
1939 (=Troglocaris schmidti ablaskiri Birstein, 1939) and Troglocaris
birsteini Mugue, Zueva & Ershov, 2001
Isopods (2): Borutzkyella revasi (Borutzky, 1973) (=Buddelundiella reva-
si Borutzky, 1973), Trichoniscus aphonicus codoricus Borutzky, 1977
Insects (1): Dolichopoda euxina Semenov, 1901
Maxillopods (1): Acanthocyclops vernalis vernalis (Fischer, 1853)
Millipedes (1): Archileucogeorgia abchasica (Lohmander, 1936)
In total: 8 species.
Adzaba (=Eshera) Cave
Gumishta-Psirtskha karst massif, Sokhumi district, Abkhazeti, Georgia
Amphipods (1): Gammarus pulex Linnaeus, 1758
Annelids (1): Enchytraeidae sp. indet.
Harvestmen (1): Nelima pontica (Charitonov, 1941).
Insects (8): Bradysia (=Neosciara sp. ?), Dolichopoda euxina Semenov,
1901, Fannia scalaris (Fabricius, 1794), Gnathoncus rotundatus (Kugelann,
1792), Heteromyza atricornis Meigen, 1830 (=Thelida atricornis Meigen,
1830), Limonia nubeculosa Meigen, 1804, Nycteribia schmidlii Schiner,
1853 (=Listropoda schmidlii Schiner, 1853), Thysanura sp. indet.
Isopods (5): Asellus sp., Caucasoligidium cavernicola cavernicola Bo-
rutzky, 1950, Ligidium nodulosum Verhoeff, 1918, Trichoniscus aphoni-
cus abchasicus Borutzky, 1977, Trachelipus sp. (=Tracheoniscus sp.)
Maxillopods (1): Paracyclops mbriatus mbriatus (Fischer, 1853)
Millipedes (1): Chordeumatida sp. indet.
Spiders (4): Carpathonesticus zaitzevi (Charitonov, 1939) (=Nesticus
zaitzevi Charitonov, 1939), Episinus truncatus Latreille, 1809, Meta
bourneti Simon, 1922, Metellina merianae (Scopoli, 1763) (=Meta me-
66
rianae Scopoli, 1763)
Springtails (1): Plutomurus kelasuricus Martynova, 1969.
In total: 23 species.
Afonskaja Cave
Gumista-Psirtskha karst massif, Gudauta district, Abkhazeti, Georgia
Comment: There are not any caves known in Georgia with this name. We
think that this is one of the caves, situated near Akhali Atoni.
Spiders (1): Carpathonesticus zaitzevi (Charitonov, 1939) (=Nesticus zai-
tzevi Charitonov, 1939)
In total: 1 species.
Aghmavali (=Old Stalactite, Psirtskha, Psyrtskha) Cave
Gumista-Psirthkha karst massif, Gudauta district, Abkhazeti, Georgia
Comment: Some scientists think that this cave is a part of Akhali Atoni Cave
Decapods (1): Troglocaris (Xiphocaridinella) fagei Birstein, 1939 (=Tro-
glocaris schmidti fagei Birstein, 1939)
Insects (2): Dolichopoda euxina Semenov, 1901, Limonia nubeculosa
Meigen, 1804
Isopods (1): Trichoniscus sp. 1
Maxillopods (3): Acanthocyclops vernalis vernalis (Fischer, 1853), Cy-
clops strenuus strenuus Fischer, 1851, Paracyclops mbriatus mbriatus
(Fischer, 1853)
Spiders (1): Carpathonesticus zaitzevi (Charitonov, 1939) (=Nesticus zai-
tzevi Charitonov, 1939)
Springtails (1): Arrhopalites abchasicus Vargovitsh, 2013
In total: 9 species.
Aghmosavlet Gumista I (=Vastochnaya Gumista I) Cave
Gumista-Psirtskha karst massif, Sokhumi district, Abkhazeti, Georgia
Springtails (1): Plutomurus kelasuricus Martynova, 1969
In total: 1 species.
Aghmosavlet Gumista II (=Vastochnaya Gumista II) Cave
Gumista-Psirtskha karst massif, Sokhumi district, Abkhazeti, Georgia
67
Springtails (1): Plutomurus kelasuricus Martynova, 1969
In total: 1 species.
Agumava Cave
Duripshi plateau, Gudauta district, Abkhazeti, Georgia
Amphipods (1): Zenkevitchia admirabilis Birstein, 1941
Insects (1): Dolichopoda euxina Semenov, 1901
Spiders (2): Carpathonesticus caucasicus (Charitonov, 1947) (=Nesticus
caucasicus Charitonov, 1947), Hoplopholcus longipes (Spassky, 1934)
In total: 4 species.
Aiusta Cave
Gudauta district, Abkhazeti, Georgia
Annelids (1): Dendrobaena veneta veneta (Rosa, 1886) (=Eisenia veneta
var. minuta Malevics, 1947)
Insects (1): Dolichopoda euxina Semenov, 1901
Isopods (1): Caucasoligidium cavernicola ajustae Borutzky, 1950
In total: 3 species.
Akhali Atoni (=Anakopia, Iveria ?, Novoafonskaya) Cave
Gumista-Psirtskha karst massif, Gudauta district, Abkhazeti, Georgia
Amphipods (2): Anopogammarus sp., Zenkevitchia admirabilis Birstein, 1941
Decapods (1): Troglocaris (Xiphocaridinella) fagei Birstein, 1939 (=Tro-
glocaris schmidti fagei Birstein, 1939)
Insects (1): Jeannelius gloriosus Ljovuschkin, 1965
Isopods (1): Trichoniscus aphonicus aphonicus Borutzky, 1977
Mollusks (3): Belgrandiella (?) abchasica Starobogatov, 1962, Paladilhi-
opsis shadini Starobogatov, 1962, Pontohoratia smyri Vinarski, Palatov,
Glöer, 2014
In total: 8 species.
Akhalsheni (=Andreevka, Andreevskaya) Cave
Gumista-Psirtskha karst massif, Sokhumi district, Abkhazeti, Georgia
Comment: As we found in the literature there are 2 caves named after Akhalsh-
eni: Zeda and Kveda Akhalsheni caves (Tatashidze et al. 2009: 376). It is dif-
cult to decide in which cave(s) were sampled bellow listed invertebrates.
68
Insects (1): Limonia nubeculosa Meigen,1804
Isopods (1): Ligidium sp. 3 - Comment: This is probably Caucasoligidium
cavernicola gumistae Borutzky, 1950
In total: 2 species.
Akui (=Chasm of Abkhazian Speleologists) Cave
Gumista-Psirtskha karst massif, Gudauta district, Abkhazeti, Georgia
Springtails (3): Desoria trispinata (MacGillivray, 1896), Mesogastrura
ojcoviensis (Stach, 1919), Oligaphorura schoetti (Lie-Pettersen, 1896)
Isopods (1): Trichoniscus aphonicus aphonicus Borutzky, 1977
In total: 4 species.
Anish Cave
Gudauta district, Abkhazeti, Georgia
Centipedes (1): Lithobius sp.
False scorpions (1): Neobisium (Blothrus) sp.
Insects (1): Dolichopoda euxina Semenov, 1901
Mollusks (1): Conulopolita raddei (Boettger, 1879) (=Hyalinia (Conu-
lopolita) raddei O. Boettger, 1879)
Spiders (1): Carpathonesticus caucasicus (Charitonov, 1947) (=Nes-
ticus caucasicus Charitonov, 1947)
In total: 5 species.
Anukhva (=Anukhvinskaya) Cave
Gumishkha-Psirtskha karst massif, Gudauta district, Abkhazeti, Georgia
Comment: There are 8 caves named after Anukhva (I-VIII) (Tatashidze et
al., 2009: 343-349). It is difcult to decide in which cave(s) were sampled
bellow listed invertebrates.
Amoeboid protozoans (6): Cyclopyxis arcelloides Penard, 1902, Cy-
clopyxis intermedia Kufferath, 1932 (=Cyclopyxis bathystoma Chibisova,
1967; Cyclopyxis kahli var. grandis Chibisova, 1967), Cyclopyxis kahli
Deandre, 1929, Cyclopyxis penardi var. minor Chibisova, 1967,
Plagiopyxis callida Penard, 1910, Pontigulasia incisa Rhumbler, 1896
Isopods (1): Trichoniscus aphonicus aphonicus Borutzky, 1977
69
Springtails (1): Arrhopalites macronyx Vargovitsh, 2012
In total: 8 species.
Apokalinskaya Cave
Near Akhali Atoni, Abkhazeti, Georgia
Isopods (1): Trichoniscus aphonicus aphonicus Borutzky, 1977
In total: 1 species.
Avidzba Cave
Abkhazeti, Georgia
Centipedes (1): Harpolithobius birsteini Zalesskaya, 1972
In total: 1 species.
Bacha Cave
Bach-Otkhara karst massif, Gudauta district, Abkhazeti, Georgia
Comment: There are 2 caves with the name - Bacha: Bacha Kveda and Ba-
cha Zeda caves (Tatashidze et al., 2009: 585-586). It is difcult to decide
from which cave(s) were sampled bellow listed invertebrates.
Amphipods (2): Niphargus otharicus Birstain, 1952 (=Niphargus pu-
teanus otharicus Birstain, 1952), Stygobromus behningi (Birstein, 1948)
(=Synurella behningi Birstein, 1948)
Insects (2): Cimmerites kurnakovi Jeannel, 1960, Dolichopoda euxina Se-
menov, 1901
Isopods (2): Ligidium fragile Budde-Lund, 1885 (=Ligidium euxinum
Verhoeff, 1918; Ligidium euxinum caucasicum Verhoeff), Trichoniscus
gudauticus gudauticus Borutzky, 1977
Mollusks (3): Conulopolita cavatica (Riedel, 1966) (=Oxychilus co-
chlospeleus Tzvetkov in Birshtein, 1950, nomen nudum), Conulopolita
raddei (Boettger, 1879) (=Hyalinia (Conulopolita) raddei O. Boettger,
1879), Serrulina sp. 2 (as Serrulina inferna Tzvetkov (nomen nudum))
In total: 9 species.
Bnelaklde Cave
Zemo Imereti plateau, Chiatura district, Imereti, Georgia
70
Millipedes (2): Archileucogeorgia sp., Trachysphaera orientalis Golo-
vatch, 1976
Springtails (2): Plutomurus birsteini Djanashvili & Barjadze, 2011, Pyg-
marrhopalites principalis Stach, 1945
In total: 4 species.
Bregvadzeebisklde Cave
Zemo Imereti plateau, Chiatura district, Imereti, Georgia
Mollusks (1): Mucronaria pleuroptychia (Boettger, 1878)
Spiders (1): Pardosa agricola (Thorell, 1856)
In total: 2 species.
Buja-Karianiklde Cave (=Khreiti Cave)
Racha karst massif, Chiatura district, Imereti, Georgia
Comment: Khreiti Cave, which was given in Japaridze & Gomelauri
(1986) is Buja-Karianiklde Cave (Janashvili, personal communication).
Mites (2): Oppiella (Moritzoppia) splendens Koch, 1841, Oppiella (Morit-
zoppia) unicarinata clavigera (Hammer, 1952)
In total: 2 species.
Cave at Mt. Achibakh
Cave at Mt. Achibakh, Abkhazia, Georgia
Insects (1): Cimmerites morozovi (Dolzhanski et Ljovuschkin, 1990)
(=Birsteinotrechus morozovi Dolzhanski et Ljovuschkin, 1990)
In total: 1 species.
Cave between Tkibuli and Kutaisi
Imereti, Georgia.
Comment: It is difcult to say which cave it is.
Mites (2): Amerobelba decedens Berlese, 1908, Brachichtonius sp.
In total: 2 species.
Cave in Pitsunda/Myussera Reserve
Abkhazeti, Georgia
Commen: It is difcult to say which cave it is.
71
Spiders (1): Porrhomma convexum (Westring, 1851)
In total: 1 species.
Cave in the Enguri gorge
Georgia
Millipedes (1): Choneiulus sp.
Springtails (1): Folsomia candida Willem, 1902
In total: 2 species.
Chamkhona Cave
Arabika karst massif, Gagra district, Abkhazeti, Georgia
Centipedes (1): Lithobius sp.
Harvestmen (2): Odiellus sp., Paranemastoma kalischevskyi (Roewer,
1951) (=Nemastoma kalischevskyi)
Insects (1): Lesteva pubescens Mannerheim, 1830
Mollusks (1): Scrobifera taurica taurica (Pfeiffer, 1848) (=Idula fovei-
collis Charpentier, 1852)
Nematodes (3): Aglenchus agricola (de Man, 1884) (=Tylenchus Agri-
cola de Man, 1884), Monhystera sp., Plectus rhyzophilus de Man, 1880
Spiders (1): Segestria senoculata (Linnaeus, 1758)
In total: 9 species.
Chishura source Cave
Zemo Imereti plateau, Terjola district, Imereti, Georgia
Mites (3): Eupelops acromios (Hermann, 1804), Minunthozetes pseudo-
fusiger (Schweizer, 1922), Ramusella clavipectinata (Michael, 1885)
Mollusks (1): Oxychilus koutaisianus (Mousson, 1863)
Springtails (1): Tomocerus minor (Lubbock, 1862)
In total: 5 species.
Chishura II Cave (=Chishura Cave)
Zemo Imereti plateau, Terjola district, Imereti, Georgia
Comment: Chishura Cave, mentioned in Murvamidze, 2014 should be
Chishura II Cave.
Mites (3): Oppiella (Rhinoppia) fallax (Paoli, 1908), Ramusella clavipec-
tinata (Michael, 1885), Sphaerozetes tricuspidatus Willmann, 1923
72
Mollusks (1): Oxychilus koutaisianus (Mousson, 1863)
Springtails (1): Heteromurus nitidus (Templeton, 1835)
In total: 5 species.
Chlakhe Cave
Gudauta district, Abkhazeti, Georgia
Annelids (2): Dendrobaena hortensis (Michaelsen, 1890) (=Eisenia
birsteini Malevics, 1947), Eisenia fetida (Savigny, 1826)
Insects (1): Dolichopoda euxina Semenov, 1901
Isopods (2): Cylisticus caucasius Verhoeff, 1917, Ligidium fragile Budde-
Lund, 1885 (=Ligidium euxinum Verhoeff, 1918; Ligidium euxinum cau-
casicum Verhoeff)
Mollusks (4): Conulopolita cavatica (Riedel, 1966) (=Oxychilus co-
chlospeleus Tzvetkov in Birshtein, 1950, nomen nudum), Conulopolita
raddei (Boettger, 1879) (=Hyalinia (Conulopolita) raddei O. Boettger,
1879), Lauria sp., Serrulina sp. 1 (as Serrulina birsteini Tzvetkov (nomen
nudum))
Spiders (1): Carpathonesticus caucasicus (Charitonov, 1947) (=Nes-
ticus caucasicus Charitonov, 1947)
In total: 10 species.
Dasavlet Gumista (=Zapadnaya Gumista) Cave
Gumista-Psirtskha karst massif, Sokhumi district, Abkhazeti, Georgia
Isopods (1): Trichoniscus aphonicus abchasicus Borutzky, 1977
In total: 1 species.
Dolabistavi Cave
Racha karst massif, Ambrolauri district, Racha, Georgia
False scorpions (1): Neobisium sp.
Insects (2): Scoliopteryx libatrix (Linnaeus, 1758), Triphosa dubitata
(Linnaeus, 1758)
Springtails (1): Plutomurus sp. 5
In total: 4 species.
73
Dzudzuana Cave
Zemo Imereti plateau, Chiatura district, Imereti, Georgia
Mites (25): Achipteria longisetosa Murvanidze & Weigmann, 2003, Aleu-
rodamaeus setosus (Berlese, 1883), Berniniella silvatica (Vasiliu & Calu-
gar, 1976), Chamobates voigtsi (Oudemans, 1902), Conchogneta dalecar-
lica (Forsslund, 1947), Dissorhina ornata (Oudemans, 1900), Dissorhina
signata Schwalbe, 1989, Galumna alata (Hermann, 1804), Gustavia mi-
crocephala (Nicolet, 1855), Hypochthonius rufulus Koch, 1835, Machuel-
la draconis Hammer, 1961, Metabelba pseudoitalica Bulanova-Zachvat-
kina, 1965, Microzetes caucasicus (Krivolutsky, 1967), Minunthozetes
pseudofusiger (Schweizer, 1922), Oppia nitens Koch, 1836, Oppiella
(Oppiella) nova (Oudemans, 1902), Oppiella (Rhinoppia) subpectinata
(Oudemans, 1900), Protoribates capucinus Berlese, 1908, Punctoribates
punctum (Koch, 1839), Quadroppia (Coronoquadroppia) media Gorde-
eva, 1983, Ramusella insculpta (Paoli, 1908), Rhysotritia ardua (Koch,
1841), Scheloribates latipes (Koch, 1844), Steganacarus (Steganacarus)
spinosus (Sellnick, 1920), Tectocepheus velatus velatus (Michael, 1880)
Springtails (4): Folsomia ksenemani Stach, 1947, Metaphorura afnis
Börner, 1902, Protaphorura sakatoi (Yosii, 1966), Tomocerus minor
(Lubbock, 1862)
In total: 29 species.
Garakha Cave
Odishi plain, Chkhorotsku district, Samegrelo, Georgia
Spiders (1): Pardosa agricola (Thorell, 1856)
Springtails (2): Folsomia candida Willem, 1902, Plutomurus sp. 4
In total: 3 species.
Ghliana Cave
Sataplia-Tskaltubo karst massif, Tskaltubo district, Imereti, Georgia
Maxillopods (2): Attheyella crassa (Sars, 1863), Echinocamptus geor-
gevitchi (Chappuis, 1924)
Millipedes (1): Trachysphaera fragilis Golovatch, 1976
Mites (2): Hypoaspis aculeifer (Canestrini, 1883), Macrocheles penicil-
liger (Berlese, 1904)
74
Springtails (2): Deuterosminthurus sp., Proisotoma minuta (Tullberg, 1871)
In total: 7 species.
Godogani Cave
Okriba karst massif, Terjola district, Imereti, Georgia
Mollusks (1): Vitrinoxychilus subsuturalis (Boettger, 1888)
Springtails (1): Plutomurus sp.1
In total: 2 species.
Guma (=Gumi) Cave
Gumista-Psirtskha karst massif, Sokhumi district, Abkhazeti, Georgia
Comment: There are 4 caves named Guma (I-IV) (Tatashidze et al. 2009:
357-360). It is difcult to decide from which cave(s) were sampled bellow
listed invertebrates.
Insects (1): Dolichopoda euxina Semenov, 1901
Mollusks (2): Conulopolita raddei (Boettger, 1879) (=Hyalinia (Conulo-
polita) raddei O. Boettger, 1879), Oxychilus sp. 1 (as Oxychilus subretic-
ulata Tzvetkov (nomen nudum))
In total: 3 species.
Iluzia-tovliani-mejeni (=Snejnaya, Snezhnaya) Cave
Bzyb (=Bzipi) karst massif, Gudauta district, Abkhazeti, Georgia
False scorpions (1): Roncus birsteini Krumpál, 1986
Springtails (1): Typhlogastrura morozovi Babenko, 1987
In total: 2 species.
Inchkhuri Cave
Odishi plain, Martvili district, Samegrelo, Georgia
Isopods (1): Mingrelloniscus inchhuricus Borutzky, 1974
Maxillopods (1): Moraria (Moraria) varica (Graeter, 1911)
In total: 2 species.
Jeopse (=Sandripshi) Cave
Arabika karst massif, Gagra district, Abkhazeti, Georgia
Isopods (1): Caucasoligidium cavernicola ajustae Borutzky, 1950
75
Mollusks (1): Conulopolita cavatica (Riedel, 1966) (=Oxychilus co-
chlospeleus Tzvetkov in Birshtein, 1950, nomen nudum)
Nematodes (2): Prismatolaimus dolichurus de Man, 1880, Prisma-
tolaimus sp.
In total: 4 species.
Jokhra Cave
Gagra district, Abkhazeti, Georgia
Insects (1): Dolichopoda euxina Semenov, 1901
In total: 1 species.
Jortsku I (=Jortsku) Cave
Askhi karst massif, Martvili district, Samegrelo, Georgia
Comment: There are 2 caves named Jortsku (Tatashidze et al. 2009: 219-
220). Springtail species, which was given in Barjadze & Djanashvili (2008),
was sampled in Jortsku I Cave (Janashvili, personal communication).
Springtails (1): Willowsia buski (Lubbock, 1871)
In total: 1 species.
Kakhidze Cave
Racha karst massif, Ambrolauri district, Racha, Georgia
Mites (3): Eupelops torulosus (Koch, 1839), Tectocepheus velatus vela-
tus (Michael, 1880), Zetorchestes falzonii Coggi, 1898
Mollusks (2): Oxychilus koutaisianus (Mousson, 1863), Oxychilus suci-
naceus sucinaceus (Bottger, 1883)
Spiders (1): Pardosa hortensis Thorell, 1872
Springtails (2): Pseudosinella alba (Packard, 1873), Pseudosinella oc-
topunctata Borner, 1901
In total: 8 species.
Kelasuri (=Aleksandrovka) cave
Tsebelda Karst massif, Gulripshi district, Abkhazeti, Georgia
Amphipods (1): Niphargus inermis Birstein, 1940 (=Niphargus ablaskiri
inermis Birstein, 1940)
False scorpions (2): Neobisium (Neobisium) crassifemoratum (Beier,
76
1928), Neobisium (Neobisium) labinskyi Beier, 1937
Harvestmen (1): Nelima pontica (Charitonov, 1941)
Insects (2): Dolichopoda euxina Semenov, 1901, Trechini sp. indet.
Millipedes (3): Archileucogeorgia abchasica (Lohmander, 1936), Archil-
eucogeorgia satunini (Lohmander, 1936), Nopoiulus (Paranopoiulus) sp.
Spiders (6): Carpathonesticus zaitzevi (Charitonov, 1939) (=Nesticus
zaitzevi Charitonov, 1939), Diplocephalus caucasicus Tanasevitch, 1987,
Episinus truncatus Latreille, 1809, Meta bourneti Simon, 1922, Metellina
merianae (Scopoli, 1763) (=Meta merianae Scopoli, 1763), Tegenaria ab-
chasica Charitonov, 1941
Springtails (2): Onychiuroides granulosus (Stach, 1930), Plutomurus
kelasuricus Martynova, 1969
In total: 17 species.
Khvedelidzeebisklde (=Khvedelidze) Cave
Zemo Imereti plateau, Chiatura district, Imereti, Georgia
Spiders (2): Arctosa cinerea Fabricius, 1777, Theridion sp. 3
Springtails (3): Folsomia candida Willem, 1902, Hypogastrura sp., Plu-
tomurus birsteini Djanashvili & Barjadze, 2011
In total: 5 species.
Kidobana Cave
Racha karst massif, Ambrolauri district, Racha, Georgia
Mites (17): Autogneta longilamellata (Michael, 1885), Ceratoppia quadriden-
tata (Haller, 1882), Ceratozetes gracilis (Michael, 1884), Chamobates cuspi-
datus (Michael, 1884), Chamobates voigtsi (Oudemans, 1902), Epidamaeus
pinguis Kulijev, 1967, Eupelops acromios (Hermann, 1804), Metabelbella
agelliseta Bulanova-Zachvatkina, 1965, Minunthozetes pseudofusiger (Sch-
weizer, 1922), Parachipteria fanzagoi (Jacot, 1929), Pilogalumna tenuiclava
Berlese, 1914, Ramusella clavipectinata (Michael, 1885), Sphaerozetes tricus-
pidatus Willmann, 1923, Steganacarus (Tropacarus) patruelis Niedbala, 1983,
Steganacarus (Steganacarus) spinosus (Sellnick, 1920), Steganacarus (Atro-
pacarus) striculus (Koch, 1835), Zygoribatula frisiae (Oudemans, 1900)
Springtails (5): Desoria sp., Folsomia sp., Friesea sp., Lepidocyrtus li-
gnorum (Fabricius, 1793), Tomocerus vulgaris (Tullberg, 1871)
In total: 22 species.
77
Kortskheli Cave
Odishi plain, Zugdidi district, Samegrelo, Georgia
Annelids (1): Dendrobaena veneta veneta (Rosa, 1886)
Mollusks (1): Circassina frutis (Pfeiffer, 1859)
Spiders (4): Metellina merianae (Scopoli, 1763) (=Meta merianae Sco-
poli, 1763), Oxyopes lineatus Latreille, 1806, Theridion sp. 2, Trochosa
ruricola (De Geer, 1778)
Springtails (1): Tomocerus minor (Lubbock, 1862)
In total: 7 species.
Krubera-Voronya Cave
Arabika karst massif, Place Ortobalagan, Gagra district, Abkhazeti,
Georgia
Amphipods (1): Zenkevitchia sp.1
Decapods (1): Troglocaris sp.
False scorpions (1): Neobisium (Blothrus) birsteini (Lapschoff, 1940)
Harvestmen (1): Nemaspela sp.
Insects (4): Carabus sp., Catops cavicis Giachino, 2011, Duvalius abyssi-
mus Reboleira & Ortuño, 2014, Trichocera (Saltrichocera) maculipennis
(Meigen 1818)
Millipedes (1): Chordeumatida sp. indet.
Mites (1): Acari sp. indet.
Spiders (2): Gnaphosidae sp. indet., Troglohyphantes sp.
Springtails (4): Anurida stereoodorata Jordana & Baquero, 2012, Deu-
teraphorura kruberaensis Jordana & Baquero, 2012, Plutomurus orto-
balaganensis Jordana & Baquero, 2012, Schaefferia profundissima Jor-
dana & Baquero, 2012
In total: 16 species.
Kudaro Cave
Kudaro karst massif, Java district, Samachablo (=Southern Osetia), Georgia
Comment: There are 6 caves in Georgia named after Kudaro (I-VI)
(Tsikarishvili et al., 2009: 282-287). It is difcult to say from which cave
was sampled millipede species.
78
Millipedes (1): Brachydesmus kalischewskyi Lignau, 1911
In total: 1 species.
Kuibishevi (=Kuibyschevskaya) Cave
Arabika karst massif, Abkhazia, Georgia
Harvestmen (1): Nemaspela abchasica (Ljovuschkin & Starobogatov,
1963) (=Buresiolla abchasica Ljovuschkin & Starobogatov, 1963)
In total: 1 species.
Kveda Akhalsheni (=Nizhnyaya Andreevskaya) Cave
Gumista-Psirtskha karst massif, Sokhumi district, Abkhazeti, Georgia
Amphipods (2): Niphargus iniochus Birstein, 1941 (=Niphargus pute-
anus iniochus Birstein, 1941), Zenkevitchia admirabilis Birstein, 1941
Insects (1): Dolichopoda euxina Semenov, 1901
Isopods (2): Caucasoligidium cavernicola gumistae Borutzky, 1950,
Trichoniscus aphonicus abchasicus Borutzky, 1977
Mollusks (1): «Oxychilus» birsteini Tzvetkov, 1940
In total: 6 species.
Kveda Kvilishori Cave
Sataplia-Tskaltubo karst massif, Tskaltubo district, Imereti, Georgia
Comment: There was written about the cave which was near village Kvil-
ishori in Borutzky and Mikhailova-Neikova (1970). Two caves are located
near Kvilishori village: Zeda and Kveda Kvilishori caves (Tatashidze et
al., 2009: 454-455). Based on the location and characteristics of the cave,
given in Borutzky and Mikhailova-Neikova (1970) make us think that
maxillopods must have been taken from Kveda Kvilishori Cave. Besides,
based on the location and characteristics of the cave, given in Birstein and
Ljovuschkin (1968) make us think that syncarida species must have been
taken from Kveda Kvilishori Cave.
Maxillopods (5): Attheyella crassa (Sars, 1863), Bryocamptus zschokkei
caucasicus Kiefer, 1978 (=Bryocamptus zschokkei caucasicus Borutsky,
1960), Ceuthonectes serbicus Chappuis, 1924 (=Morariodes colchi-
dana Borutzky, 1930), Moraria colchica Borutzky & Mikhailova-Neiko-
va, 1970, Nitocrella colchica Borutzky & Mikhailova-Neikova, 1970.
79
Syncarida (1): Parabathynella stygia Chappuis, 1926
In total: 6 species.
Kveda Shakurani (=Nizhnyaya Shakuranskaya,
Shakurani III) Cave
Tsebelda karst massif, Gulripshi district, Abkhazeti, Georgia
Amphipods (4): Niphargus inermis Birstein, 1940 (=Niphargus ablaskiri
inermis Birstein, 1940), Niphargus iniochus Birstein, 1941 (=Niphargus
puteanus iniochus Birstein, 1941), Niphargus magnus Birstein, 1940
(=Niphargus longicaudatus magnus Birstein, 1940), Zenkevitchia admi-
rabilis Birstein, 1941
Ciliates (2): Gymnodinioides sp., Spelaeophrya troglocaridis
Stammer, 1935
Decapods (1): Troglocaris (Xiphocaridinella) osterlof Juzbaš’jan,
1940 (=Troglocaris schmidti ostewrlof Juzbaš’jan, 1940)
Harvestmen (1): Nemaspela abchasica (Ljovuschkin & Starobogatov,
1963) (=Buresiolla abchasica Ljovuschkin & Starobogatov, 1963)
Insects (2): Dolichopoda euxina Semenov, 1901, Jeannelius magnicus
Kurnakov, 1959
Isopods (2): Caucasoligidium cavernicola amtkelicum Borutzky, 1950,
Ligidium sp. 2 - Comment: This is probably Caucasoligidium cavernicola
amtkelicum Borutzky, 1950 (Borutzky, 1950).
Mollusks (5): Belgrandiella abchasica Starobogatov, 1962, Geyeria hora-
tieformis Starobogatov, 1962, Paladilhiopsis aculeus Starobogatov, 1962,
Paladilhiopsis schakuranica Starobogatov, 1962, Pontohoratia birsteini
(Starobogatov, 1962) (=Horatia birsteini Starobogatov, 1962, Horatia ljo-
vushkini Starobogatov, 1962, Horatia sokolovi Starobogatov, 1962)
Spiders (1): Eukoenenia vargovitshi Christian, 2014
Springtails (1): Troglopalites stygios Vargovitsh, 2012
In total: 19 species.
Leskhulukhe Cave
Askhi karst massif, Martvili district, Samegrelo, Georgia
Mites (6): Chamobates spinosus Sellnick, 1928, Chamobates voigtsi (Ou-
demans, 1902), Oppiella (Rhinoppia) subpectinata (Oudemans, 1900),
Punctoribates punctum (Koch, 1839), Ramusella clavipectinata (Michael,
1885), Rhysotritia ardua (Koch, 1841)
80
Springtails (3): Folsomia sp., Heteromurus nitidus (Templeton, 1835),
Plutomurus kelasuricus Martynova, 1969
In total: 9 species.
Letsurtsume Cave
Odishi plain, Chkhorotsku district, Samegrelo, Georgia
Spiders (3): Pardosa sp., Pisaura mirabilis Clerck, 1757, Tibellus ma-
cellus Simon, 1875
Springtails (2): Tomocerus minor (Lubbock, 1862), Tomocerus vul-
garis (Tullberg, 1871)
In total: 5 species.
Likhni Cave
Duripshi plateau, Gudauta district, Abkhazeti, Georgia
Comment: There are 2 caves named after – Likhni: Kvemo and Zemo
Lichni caves (Tatashidze et al., 2009: 588-589). It is difcult to decide in
which cave(s) where sampled bellow listed invertebrates.
Insects (1): Dolichopoda euxina Semenov, 1901
Isopods (3): Cylisticus caucasius Verhoeff, 1917, Ligidium fragile Budde-
Lund, 1885 (=Ligidium euxinum Verhoeff, 1918; Ligidium euxinum cau-
casicum Verhoeff), Trichoniscus gudauticus gudauticus Borutzky, 1977
Spiders (1): Hoplopholcus longipes (Spassky, 1934)
In total: 5 species.
L-24 Cave
Abkhazeti, Georgia
Harvestmen (1): Nemaspela abchasica (Ljovuschkin & Starobogatov,
1963) (=Buresiolla abchasica Ljovuschkin & Starobogatov, 1963)
In total: 1 species.
Mafeli Cave
Gaucha karst massif, Chkhorotsku district, Samegrelo, Georgia
Mites (9): Acrogalumna longipluma adjarica Murvanidze & Weigmann,
2003, Hoplophthiracarus illinoisensis (Ewing, 1909), Minunthozetes
pseudofusiger (Schweizer, 1922), Oppiella (Rhinoppia) fallax (Paoli,
1908), Oppiella (Rhinoppia) subpectinata (Oudemans, 1900), Parachip-
81
teria punctata (Nicolet, 1855), Phthiracarus ferrugineus (Koch, 1841),
Punctoribates spunctum (Koch, 1839), Sphaerozetes tricuspidatus Will-
mann, 1923
Springtails (1): Tomocerus minor (Lubbock, 1862)
In total: 10 species.
Manikvara (=Maanikvara) Cave
Gumista-Psirthkha karst massif, Gudauta district, Abkhazeti, Georgia
Isopods (1): Trichoniscus aphonicus aphonicus Borutzky, 1977
Springtails (1): Deuteraphorura variabilis (Stach, 1954)
In total: 2 species.
Mashe Cave
Gudauta district, Abkhazeti, Georgia
Insects (1): Dolichopoda euxina Semenov, 1901
In total: 1 species.
Meliis (=Nikortsminda) Cave
Racha karst massif, Ambrolauri district, Racha, Georgia
False scorpions (1): Neobisium (Blothrus) verae (Lapschoff, 1940)
Insects (1): Troglocimmerites djanaschwilii Ljovuschkin, 1970
Millipedes (3): Brachydesmus ferrugineus Lohmander, 1936, Cylindroiu-
lus sp., Ratcheuma excorne Golovatch, 1985
Mites (5): Amerobelba decedens Berlese, 1908, Graptoppia foveolata
Paoli, 1908, Liebstadia similis (Michael, 1888), Lucoppia sp., Veigaia
planicola (Berlese, 1892)
Springtails (7): Ceratophysella cavicola (Borner, 1901), Folsomia candi-
da Willem, 1902, Folsomia inoculata Stach, 1946, Folsomia spinosa Ksen-
eman, 1936, Neanura muscorum (Templeton, 1835), Plutomurus birsteini
Djanashvili & Barjadze, 2011, Pygmarrhopalites principalis Stach, 1945
In total: 17 species.
MFT Cave
Bzyb karst massif, Gudauta district, Abkhazeti, Georgia
Harvestmen (1): Paranemastoma kalischevskyi (Roewer, 1951) (=Nem-
astoma kalischevskyi Roewer, 1951)
In total: 1 species.
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MFTI Cave
Bzyb karst massif, Gudauta district, Abkhazeti, Georgia
Harvestmen (1): Mitostoma gracile (Redikorzev, 1936)
In total: 1 species.
Mikava (=Okaje) Cave
Gaucha karst massif, Tsalenjikha district, Samegrelo, Georgia
Mites (4): Aleurodamaeus setosus (Berlese, 1883), Minunthozetes pseud-
ofusiger (Schweizer, 1922), Ramusella clavipectinata (Michael, 1885),
Rhysotritia ardua (Koch, 1841)
In total: 4 species.
Motena Cave
Askhi karst massif, Martvili district, Samegrelo, Georgia
Amphipods (1): Anopogammarus revazi (Birstein & Levuschkin,
1970) (=Zenkevitchia revazi Birstein & Levuschkin, 1970)
Isopods (1): Colchidoniscus kutaissianus motenae Borutzky, 1974
Millipedes (1): Trachysphaera fragilis Golovatch, 1976
Mites (7): Chamobates voigtsi (Oudemans, 1902), Parasitus (Vulgarog-
amasus) modestus Tikhomirov & Zelia, 1975, Pergamasus sp., Porobel-
ba spinosa (Sellnick, 1920), Ramusella clavipectinata (Michael, 1885),
Sphaerozetes tricuspidatus Willmann, 1923, Tectocepheus velatus velatus
(Michael, 1880)
Springtails (3): Heteromurus nitidus (Templeton, 1835), Lepidocyrtus li-
gnorum (Fabricius, 1793), Tomocerus minor (Lubbock, 1862)
In total: 13 species.
Nagarevi Grotto
Okriba karst massif, Terjola district, Imereti, Georgia
Mollusks (1): Oxychilus koutaisianus (Mousson, 1863)
Mites (4): Minunthozetes pseudofusiger (Schweizer, 1922), Oppia ni-
tens Koch, 1836, Oribatula tibialis (Nicolet, 1855), Oribella pectinata
(Michael, 1885)
In total: 5 species.
83
Nameless cave in the Achibakh plateau
15 km South-east of lake Ritsa, Abkhazeti, Georgia
Spiders (1): Troglohyphantes deelemanae Tanasevitch, 1986
In total: 1 species.
Navenakhevi Cave
Okriba karst massif, Terjola district, Imereti, Georgia
Mites (13): Achipteria longisetosa Murvanidze & Weigmann, 2003, Bel-
ba dubinini Bulanova-Zachvatkina, 1962, Chamobates voigtsi (Oude-
mans, 1902), Conchogneta dalecarlica (Forsslund, 1947), Eupelops acro-
mios (Hermann, 1804), Minunthozetes pseudofusiger (Schweizer, 1922),
Oxyoppioides decipiens (Paoli, 1908), Pantelozetes alpestris Willmann,
1929, Phauloppia lucorum (Koch, 1841), Phthiracarus ferrugineus (Koch,
1841), Ramusella insculpta (Paoli, 1908), Sphaerozetes tricuspidatus Will-
mann, 1923, Tectocepheus velatus velatus (Michael, 1880).
Springtails (4): Coecobrya sp., Folsomia penicula Bagnall, 1939, Lepido-
cyrtus lignorum (Fabricius, 1793), Metaphorura afnis (Börner, 1902)
In total: 17 species.
Nazodelavo Cave
Odishi plain, Martvili district, Samegrelo, Georgia
Mollusks (1): Oxychilus sucinaceus sucinaceus (Bottger, 1883)
Spiders (1): Liniphia sp.
Springtails (3): Folsomia ksenemani Stach, 1947, Folsomia penicula
Bagnall, 1939, Lepidocyrtus lignorum (Fabricius, 1793)
In total: 5 species.
Ocho Cave
Sataplia-Tskaltubo karst massif, Tskaltubo district, Imereti, Georgia
Mollusks (2): Daudebardia nivea Schileyko, 1988, Lesticulus nocturnus
Schileyko, 1988
In total: 2 species.
Orpiri II Cave
Sataplia-Tskaltubo karst massif, Tskaltubo district, Imereti, Georgia
84
Isopods (1): Colchidoniscus kutaissianus Borutzky, 1974
Millipedes (1): Trachysphaera fragilis Golovatch, 1976
Mollusks (3): Elia derasa (Mousson, 1863), Oxychilus koutaisianus
(Mousson, 1863), Oxychilus sucinaceus sucinaceus (Bottger, 1883)
Springtails (2): Plutomurus sp. 2, Tomocerus minor (Lubbock, 1862)
In total: 7 species.
Otapistavi Cave
Fanavi karst massif, Ochamchire district, Abkhazeti, Georgia
Amoeboid protozoans (3): Arcella discoides Ehrenberg, 1843, Cen-
tropyxis aculeata var. oblonga deandre, 1929, Difugia oblonga ob-
longa Ehrenberg, 1832
Amphipods (1): Niphargus magnus Birstein, 1940 (=Niphargus longi-
caudatus magnus Birstein, 1940)
Centipedes (2): Lithobius stuxbergi Seliwanoff, 1881, Lithobius sp.
Decapods (2): Troglocaris birsteini Mugue, Zueva & Ershov, 2001, Tro-
glocaris schmidti Dormitzer, 1853 - Comment: This is probably Tro-
glocaris birsteini.
Insects (4): Dolichopoda euxina Semenov, 1901, Limonia nubeculosa
Meigen, 1804, Meganophthalmus medvedevi Belousov et Koval, 2009,
Sciara sp. ? (Lycoria sp. ?)
Isopods (3): Ligidium sp. 1, Trichoniscus aphonicus codoricus Borutzky,
1977, Trichoniscus sp. 2
Maxillopods (1): Bryocamptus innominatus Borutsky, 1940
Spiders (1): Carpathonesticus zaitzevi (Charitonov, 1939) (=Nesticus zai-
tzevi Charitonov, 1939)
In total: 17 species.
Patsristavi (=Novaya, bliz ozera in Tskaltubo) Cave
Sataplia-Tskaltubo karst massif, Tskaltubo district, Imereti, Georgia
Comment: “Novaya pestchera, bliz ozera, Tskaltubo” (Zaitzev, 1948) in
English is “New Cave near lake, Tskaltubo”. Patsristavi (=Platina) Lake
is located in Tskaltubo. Patsriastavi Cave is situated near Patsristavi Lake
(Tatashidze et al., 2009: 451). We think that “Novaya pestchera, bliz
ozera, Tskaltubo” is Patsristavi Cave.
85
Insects (2): Aedes vexans (Meigen, 1830), Dolichopoda euxina Se-
menov, 1901
Spiders (3): Carpathonesticus borutzkyi (Reimoser, 1930) (=Nes-
ticus borutzkyi Reimoser, 1930), Hoplopholcus longipes (Spassky,
1934), Metellina merianae (Scopoli, 1763) (=Meta merianae Sco-
poli, 1763)
In total: 5 species.
Prometheus (=Kumistavi, Orpiri I, Tskaltubo) Cave
Sataplia-Tskaltubo karst massif, Tskaltubo district, Imereti, Georgia
Diplurans (1): Dicampa imeretinensis (Chevrizov, 1976) (=Campodea
imeretinensis Chevrizov, 1976)
Insects (2): Inotrechus kurnakovi Dolzhanskij et Ljovuschkin, 1989, Lae-
mostenus (Antisphodroides) ljovushkini Vereschagina, 1985
Millipedes (2): Trachysphaera fragilis Golovatch, 1976, Trachysphaera
solida Golovatch, 1976
Mites (3): Graptoppia foveolata Paoli, 1908, Macrocheles penicilliger
(Berlese, 1904), Oribella sp.
Mollusks (4): Cochlicopa lubricella (Rossmässler, 1834), Codiella
sp., Physella acuta (Draparnaud, 1805), Vitrinoxychilus sutura-
lis (Boettger, 1881)
Springtails (9): Ceratophysella armata (Nicolet, 1842), Folsomia candi-
da Willem, 1902, Folsomides parvulus Stach, 1922, Hypogastrura viatica
(Tullberg, 1872), Plutomurus sp. 2, Proisotoma minuta (Tullberg, 1871),
Pseudacherontides zenkevitchi Djanaschvili, 1971, Pseudachorutes du-
bius Krausbauer, 1898, Sphaeridia sp.
In total: 21 species.
Protsenka Cave (near Sokhumi)
Near Sokhumi, Abkhazeti, Georgia
Annelids (1): Archaeodrilus cavaticus Czerniavsky, 1880
In total: 1 species.
Sabatchya Cave
Gumista-Psirtskha karst massif, Sokhumi district, Abkhazeti, Georgia.
Comment: As S. Golovatch wrote this cave is situated near village Zemo
(Verkhni) Eshera (Golovatch, 1983).
86
Millipedes (1): Leucogeorgia rediviva Golovatch, 1983
In total: 1 species.
Sakadzhia Cave
Sataplia-Tskaltubo karst massif, Tskaltubo district, Imereti, Georgia
False scorpions (1): Neobisium (Heoblothrus) sakadzhianum Krumpál,
1984
Insects (1): Laemostenus (Antisphodroides) ljovushkini Vereschagina, 1985
Isopods (1): Colchidoniscus kutaissianus Borutzky, 1974
Millipedes (1): Archileucogeorgia sp.
Springtails (1): Willowsia nigromaculata (Lubbock, 1873)
In total: 5 species.
Sakajia (=Virkhovi) Cave
Okriba karst massif, Terjola district, Imereti, Georgia
Mites (9): Achipteria longisetosa Murvanidze & Weigmann, 2003, Aleuro-
damaeus setosus (Berlese, 1883), Ceratoppia quadridentata (Haller, 1882),
Metabelbella macerochaeta Bulanova-Zachvatkina, 1967, Minunthozetes
pseudofusiger (Schweizer, 1922), Oppia nitens Koch, 1836, Oribatella
berlesei (Michael, 1898), Oribatula tibialis (Nicolet, 1855), Phauloppia
pilosa (Koch, 1841)
Springtails (1): Mesogastrura ojcoviensis (Stach, 1919)
In total: 10 species.
Sakinule (=Nikortsminda) Cave
Racha karst massif, Ambrolauri district, Racha, Georgia
Mites (5): Dorycranosus splendens (Coggi, 1898), Hoplophthiracarus illi-
noisensis (Ewing, 1909), Oxyoppioides decipiens (Paoli, 1908), Phauloppia
lucorum (Koch, 1841), Zygoribatula frisiae (Oudemans, 1900)
Springtails (1): Folsomia sp.
In total: 6 species.
Sakire (=Chuneshi) Cave
Sataplia-Tskaltubo karst massif, Tskaltubo district, Imereti, Georgia
Annelids (1): Eisenia fetida (Savigny, 1826)
87
Maxillopods (1): Ceuthonectes serbicus Chappuis, 1924 (=Morariodes
colchidana Borutzky, 1930) – Comment: Borutzky and Mikhailova-Neikova
(1970) wrote sampling site as cave in Chuneshi village. Maxillopod spe-
cies was sampled by S. Ljovuschkin (Borutzky and Mikhailova-Neikova,
1970) in Sakire Cave (Janashvili, personal communication).
Millipedes (1): Archileucogeorgia sp. – Comment: S. Golovatch wrote
sampling cave as Chuneshi Cave (Golovatch, 1981). Millipede species
probably was sampled in Sakire Cave.
Springtails (3): Micranurida pygmaea Borner, 1901, Plutomurus birstei-
ni Djanashvili & Barjadze, 2011, Pygmarrhopalites pygmaeus (Wankel,
1860) – Comment: Sh. Barjadze and R. Djanashvili wrote sampling cave
as Chuneshi Cave (Barjadze & Djanashvili, 2008). Springtail species were
sampled by R. Djanashvili and S. Ljovuschkin in Sakire Cave (Janashvili,
personal communication).
In total: 6 species.
Sakishore Cave
Racha karst massif, Ambrolauri district, Racha, Georgia
Annelids (1): Dina ratschaensis Kobakhidze 1958
Harvestmen (1): Nemaspela femorecurvata Martens, 2006
Insects (3): Inotrechus injaevae Dolzhanskij et Ljovuschkin, 1989, Scoliop-
teryx libatrix (Linnaeus, 1758), Triphosa dubitata (Linnaeus, 1758)
Mites (3): Ceratozetes sp., Eremaeus sp., Oribatula sp.
Mollusks (2): Eumilax cf. brandti (Martens, 1880), Schistophallus suci- suci-suci-
nacius (Boettger, 1883)
Springtails (1): Plutomurus birsteini Djanashvili & Barjadze, 2011
In total: 11 species.
Sameleklde (=Samele) Cave
Zemo Imereti plateau, Chiatura district, Imereti, Georgia
Mites (6): Chamobates interpositus Pschorn-Walcher, 1953, Chamo-
bates voigtsi (Oudemans, 1902), Hoplophthiracarus illinoisensis (Ew-
ing, 1909), Phthiracarus ferrugineus (Koch, 1841), Scheloribates latipes
(Koch, 1844), Zygoribatula cognata (Oudemans, 1902)
88
Springtails (1): Tomocerus vulgaris (Tullberg, 1871)
In total: 7 species.
Samertskhleklde I Cave
Zemo Imereti plateau, Chiatura district, Imereti, Georgia
Annelids (1): Dendrobaena veneta veneta (Rosa, 1886)
Insects (1): Leptothorax acervorum (Fabricius, 1793)
Mollusks (1): Oxychilus koutaisianus (Mousson, 1863)
Springtails (1): Folsomia candida Willem, 1902
In total: 4 species.
Samgleklde (=Mgelaklde) Cave
Zemo Imereti plateau, Chiatura district, Imereti, Georgia
Mites (1): Stigmaeus petrophilus Kuznetsov & Petrova, 1979
Springtails (1): Mesogastrura ojcoviensis (Stach, 1919)
In total: 2 species.
Sapichkhia (=Rionhesi) Cave
Okriba karst massif, Tskaltubo district, Imereti, Georgia
Amphipods (1): Niphargus borutzkyi Birstein, 1933
Decapods (1): Troglocaris (Xiphocaridinella) kutaissiana (Sadowsky,
1930) (=Troglocaris schmidti kutaissiana (Sadowsky, 1930)
Insects (1): Dolichopoda euxina Semenov, 1901
Isopods (1): Caucasonethes borutzkyi Verhoeff, 1932
Maxillopods (9): Acanthocyclops vernalis vernalis (Fischer, 1853), At-
theyella wulmeroides Borutzky, 1930, Bryocamptus zschokkei simi-
lis Borutsky, 1930 (=Bryocamptus similis Borutsky, 1930), Bryocamp-
tus zschokkei tatrensis (Minkiewicz, 1916) (=Bryocamptus caucasicus
Borutzky, 1931), Ceuthonectes serbicus Chappuis, 1924 (=Morariodes
colchidana Borutzky, 1930), Diacyclops bicuspidatus (Claus, 1857)
(=Acanthocyclops bicuspidatus Claus, 1857), Eucyclops serrulatus ser-
rulatus (Fischer, 1851) (?), Macrocyclops albidus albidus (Jurine, 1820),
Paracyclops mbriatus mbriatus (Fischer, 1853), Speocyclops colchi-
danus (Borutsky, 1930)
Millipedes (1): Leucogeorgia longipes Verhoeff, 1930
89
Mollusks (2): Euglesa subterranea (Shadin, 1932) (=Pisidium subter-
raneum Shadin, 1932), Motsametia borutzkyi (Shadin, 1932) (=Horatia
borutzkyi Shadin, 1932)
Seed shrimps (1): Mixtacandona riongessa (Bronshtein, 1947) (=Crypto-
candona riongessa Bronshtein, 1947)
Spiders (1): Carpathonesticus borutzkyi (Reimoser, 1930) (=Nesticus bo-
rutzkyi Reimoser, 1930)
In total: 18 species.
Sarkumali Cave
Sataplia-Tskaltubo karst massif, Tskaltubo district, Imereti, Georgia
Mites (1): Parasitus (Vulgarogamasus) modestus Tikhomirov & Zelia, 1975
In total: 1 species.
Sarma Cave
Arabika karst massif, Gagra district, Abkhazeti, Georgia
Harvestmen (1): Nemaspela gagrica Tchemeris, 2013
In total: 1 species.
Sataplia I Cave
Sataplia-Tskaltubo karst massif, Tskaltubo district, Imereti, Georgia
Amphipods (1): Niphargus borutzkyi Birstein, 1933
Annelids (1): Eisenia fetida (Savigny, 1826)
Centipedes (3): Lithobius portchinskii Seliwanoff, 1881, Lithobius re-
conditus Zalesskaja, 1972, Lithobius stuxbergi Seliwanoff, 1881
False scorpions (1): Neobisium (Blothrus) verae (Lapschoff, 1940)
Harvestmen (1): Giljarovia redikorzevi (Charitonov 1946) (=Nemastoma
redikorzevi Charitonov, 1946, Malekia redikorzevi (Charitonov, 1946))
Insects (1): Dolichopoda euxina Semenov, 1901
Millipedes (3): Archileucogeorgia sp., Trachysphaera fragilis Golo-
vatch, 1976, Trachysphaera radiosa (Lignau, 1911)
Mollusks (2): Ancylus uviatilis (Muller, 1774), Bythinella sp.
Spiders (2): Carpathonesticus borutzkyi (Reimoser, 1930) (=Nesticus bo-
rutzkyi Reimoser, 1930), Hoplopholcus longipes (Spassky, 1934)
Springtails (3): Folsomia candida Willem, 1902, Megalothorax sp., Pyg-
90
marrhopalites principalis Stach, 1945
In total: 18 species.
Sataplia II Cave
Sataplia-Tskaltubo karst massif, Tskaltubo district, Imereti, Georgia
False scorpions (1): Chthonius (Chthonius) satapliaensis Schawaller and
Dashdamirov, 1988
Millipedes (2): Archileucogeorgia sp., Trachysphaera fragilis Golovatch, 1976
In total: 3 species.
Sataplia IV Cave
Sataplia-Tskaltubo karst massif, Tskaltubo district, Imereti, Georgia
Insects (1): Troglocimmerites imeretinus (Dolzhanskij et Ljovuschkin,
1985) (=Birsteinotrechus imeretinus Dolzhanskij et Ljovuschkin, 1985)
Isopods (1): Buddelundiella cataractae Verhoeff, 1930
Millipedes (2): Archileucogeorgia sp., Trachysphaera fragilis Golo-
vatch, 1976
Mites (1): Parasitus (Vulgarogamasus) modestus Tikhomirov & Zelia, 1975
Springtails (6): Desoria trispinata (MacGillivray, 1896), Folsomia me-
taria (Linnaeus, 1758), Hypogastrura viatica (Tullberg, 1872), Plutomu-
rus birsteini Djanashvili & Barjadze, 2011, Plutomurus kelasuricus Mar-
tynova, 1969, Ptenothrix kuraschvilii Djanaschvili, 1970
In total: 11 species.
Satevzia Cave
Sataplia-Tskaltubo karst massif, Khoni district, Imereti, Georgia
Springtails (1): Plutomurus sp. 7
In total: 1 species.
Satsurblia Cave
Sataplia-Tskaltubo karst massif, Tskaltubo district, Imereti, Georgia
Mollusks (1): Oxychilus sucinaceus sucinaceus (Bottger, 1883)
Springtails (1): Plutomurus sp. 2
In total: 2 species.
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Savekuo Cave
Odishi plain, Chkhorotsku district, Samegrelo, Georgia
Mollusks (1): Oxychilus sucinaceus sucinaceus (Bottger, 1883)
Spiders (1): Liniphia sp.
In total: 2 species.
Shakurani IV Cave
Tsebelda karst massif, Gulripshi district, Abkhazeti, Georgia
Springtails (1): Plutomurus kelasuricus Martynova, 1969
In total: 1 species.
Shareula I (=Shareula, Shaora-Shareula) Cave
Racha karst massif, Ambrolauri district, Racha, Georgia
Millipedes (1): Trachysphaera minuta Golovatch, 1976
Mites (2): Chamobates voigtsi (Oudemans, 1902), Epidamaeus pin-
guis Kulijev, 1967
In total: 3 species.
Shareula II Cave
Racha karst massif, Ambrolauri district, Racha, Georgia
Springtails (1): Plutomurus birsteini Djanashvili & Barjadze, 2011
In total: 1 species.
Shroma (=Mikhailovskaya, Stalactite) Cave
Chaama karst massif, Sokhumi district, Abkhazeti, Georgia
Amphipods (1): Niphargus inermis Birstein, 1940 (=Niphargus ablaskiri
inermis Birstein, 1940)
Annelids (1): Eisenia fetida (Savigny, 1826)
Insects (2): Dolichopoda euxina Semenov, 1901, Limonia nubeculosa
Meigen, 1804
Isopods (5): Caucasoligidium cavernicola cavernicola Borutzky, 1950,
Ligidium nodulosum Verhoeff, 1918, Ligidium zaitzevi Borutzky, 1950,
Ligidium sp. 4 – Comment: This is probably Caucasoligidium cavernico-
la cavernicola Borutzky, 1950 or Ligidium nodulosum Verhoeff, 1918 or
Ligidium zaitzevi Borutzky, 1950, which was determined later (Borutzky,
92
1950), Trichoniscus aphonicus abchasicus Borutzky, 1977
Maxillopods (3): Bryocamptus reductus Borutsky, 1948, Elaphoidella
birsteini Borutsky, 1948, Moraria cornuta Borutzky, 1948
Millipedes (1): Megaphyllum (Pontobrachyiulus) dioscoriadis (Lig-
nau, 1914)
Mollusks (4): Conulopolita cavatica (Riedel, 1966) (=Oxychilus co-
chlospeleus Tzvetkov in Birshtein, 1950, nomen nudum), Conulopolita rad-
dei (Boettger, 1879) (=Hyalinia (Conulopolita) raddei O. Boettger, 1879),
Eumilax brandti (Martens, 1880) (=Paralimax albocarinatus Simroth,
1901), Serrulina sp. 3 (as Serrulina serena Tzvetkov (nomen nudum))
Spiders (2): Carpathonesticus zaitzevi (Charitonov, 1939) (=Nesticus zai-
tzevi Charitonov, 1939), Episinus truncatus Latreille, 1809
In total: 19 species.
Shua Shakurani (=Shakurani II, Srednyaya
Shakuranskaya) Cave
Tsebelda karst massif, Gulripshi district, Abkhazeti, Georgia
Amphipods (2): Niphargus magnus Birstein, 1940 (=Niphargus longicau-
datus magnus Birstein, 1940), Zenkevitchia admirabilis Birstein, 1941
Insects (2): Dolichopoda euxina Semenov, 1901, Plectrocnemia sp. ?
Springtails (2): Oligaphorura schoetti (Lie-Pettersen, 1896), Plutomurus
kelasuricus Martynova, 1969
In total: 6 species.
Shurubumu Cave
Migaria karst massif, Chkhorotsku district, Samegrelo, Georgia
Springtails (1): Plutomurus sp. 8
In total: 1 species.
Simon Kananeli (=St. Simon Canonist, St. Simon kanonik, St. Simon
Kananites) Cave
Gumista-Psirtskha karst massif, Gudauta district, Abkhazeti, Georgia
Insects (1): Dolichopoda euxina Semenov, 1901
Isopods (1): Trichoniscus aphonicus aphonicus Borutzky, 1977
93
Maxillopods (2): Cyclops strenuus strenuus Fischer, 1851, Paracyclops
mbriatus mbriatus (Fischer, 1853)
Springtails (3): Arrhopalites caecus (Tullberg, 1871), Folsomia can-
dida Willem, 1902, Plutomurus kelasuricus Martynova, 1969
In total: 7 species.
Sirotka Cave
Achibakh plateau, Abkhazeti, Georgia
Spiders (1): Troglohyphantes deelemanae Tanasevitch, 1986
In total: 1 species.
Solkota Cave
Sataplia-Tskaltubo karst massif, Tskaltubo district, Imereti, Georgia
Insects (1): Laemostenus (Antisphodroides) ljovushkini Vereschagina, 1985
Isopods (1): Colchidoniscus kutaissianus Borutzky, 1974
Millipedes (1): Trachysphaera fragilis Golovatch, 1976
Mollusks (1): Oxychilus sucinaceus sucinaceus (Bottger, 1883)
Springtails (4): Arrhopalites caecus (Tullberg, 1871), Plutomurus kela-
suricus Martynova, 1969, Plutomurus sp. 3, Pygmarrhopalites princi-
palis Stach, 1945
In total: 8 species.
Suveniri Cave
Bzyb karst massif, Gudauta district, Abkhazeti, Georgia
Insects (2): Duvalius iljukhini (Dolzhanskij et Ljovuschkin, 1985) (=Jean-
nelius iljukhini Dolzhanskij et Ljovuschkin, 1985), Taniatrechus setosus
Belousov et Dolzhanskij, 1994
In total: 2 species.
Taling-Leget Cave
About 2 km of Kvaisi settlement, Java (=Dzhavsky) district, Sa-
machablo (=South Ossetia), Georgia
Mollusks (1): Acrotoma baryshnikovi Likharev et Schileyko, 2007
In total: 1 species.
94
Tarkili (=Tarkiladze) Cave
Duripshi plateau, Gudauta district, Abkhazeti, Georgia
Amphipods (1): Zenkevitchia admirabilis Birstein, 1941
False scorpions (1): Neobisium (Blothrus) birsteini (Lapschoff, 1940)
Harvestmen (1): Nemaspela birsteini Ljovuschkin, 1972
Insects (1): Dolichopoda euxina Semenov, 1901
Maxillopods (2): Moraria sp., Paracyclops mbriatus mbriatus (Fis-
cher, 1853)
Millipedes (1): Anamastigona mauriesi Golovatch & Makarov, 2011
Spiders (3): Aituaria pontica (Spassky, 1932) (=Nesticus ponticus
Spassky, 1932), Cybaeus abchasicus Charitonov, 1947, Metellina
merianae (Scopoli, 1763) (=Meta merianae Scopoli, 1763)
In total: 10 species.
Taroklde (=Rachvelebi) Cave
Zemo Imereti plateau, Chiatura district, Imereti, Georgia
Millipedes (1): Trachysphaera orientalis Golovatch, 1976
Mollusks (1): Oxychilus koutaisianus (Mousson, 1863)
Spiders (1): Pirata knorri scopoli, 1763
Springtails (3): Mesogastrura ojcoviensis (Stach, 1919), Plutomurus birstei-
ni Djanashvili & Barjadze, 2011, Tomocerus vulgaris (Tullberg, 1871)
In total: 6 species.
Tetra (=Belaya, Tskaltubskaya Stalaktitovaya) Cave
Sataplia-Tskaltubo karst massif, Tskaltubo district, Imereti, Georgia
False scorpions (1): Neobisium (Neobisium) labinskyi Beier, 1937
Insects (3): Aedes vexans (Meigen, 1830), Dolichopoda euxina Se-
menov, 1901, Laemostenus (Antisphodroides) ljovushkini Vereschagina, 1985
Isopods (1): Colchidoniscus kutaissianus Borutzky, 1974
Millipedes (2): Archileucogeorgia sp., Trachysphaera fragilis Golo-
vatch, 1976
Mites (1): Parasitus (Vulgarogamasus) modestus Tikhomirov & Zelia, 1975
Mollusks (1): Oxychilus sucinaceus sucinaceus (Bottger, 1883)
Spiders (3): Carpathonesticus borutzkyi (Reimoser, 1930) (=Nesticus
borutzkyi Reimoser, 1930), Hoplopholcus longipes (Spassky, 1934), Te-
genaria sp.
Springtails (8): Folsomia candida Willem, 1902, Folsomia metaria
95
(Linnaeus, 1758), Heteromurus nitidus (Templeton, 1835), Lepidocyrtus
sp., Mesogastrura ojcoviensis (Stach, 1919), Neelus murinus Folsom,
1896, Plutomurus sp. 6, Pygmarrhopalites principalis Stach, 1945
In total: 20 species.
Tkibula-Dzevrula Cave
Okriba karst massif, at the border between Terjola and Tkibuli districts,
Imereti, Georgia
Millipedes (1): Archileucogeorgia sp.
In total: 1 species.
Trekhuza Cave
Arabika karst massif, Gagra district, Abkhazeti, Georgia
Insects (1): Duvalius sokolovi Ljovuschkin, 1963
In total: 1 species.
Troika Cave
Arabika karst massif, Abkhazeti, Georgia
Amphipods (2): Niphargus inermis Birstein, 1940 (=Niphargus ablaskiri
inermis Birstein, 1940), Zenkevitchia sp. 2
Annelids (1): Haplotaxis gordioides (Hartmann, 1821)
In total: 3 species.
Tsakhi (=Gogoleti) Cave
Racha karst massif, Ambrolauri district, Racha, Georgia
Annelids (1): Enchytraeidae sp. indet.
Centipedes (1): Lithobius sp.
False scorpions (1): Neobisium (Blothrus) verae (Lapschoff, 1940)
Insects (3): Bryaxis hypocritus Plavilshchikov, 1940, Dolichopoda euxina
Semenov, 1901, Orthocladius sp. ?
Isopods (1): Caucasoligidium cavernicola gogoleticum Borutzky, 1950
Maxillopods (2): Bryocamptus birsteini Borutsky, 1940, Bryocamptus in-
nominatus Borutsky, 1940
Millipedes (4): Archileucogeorgia sp., Glomeridae sp. indet., Leucogeor-
gia sp., Trachysphaera orientalis Golovatch, 1976
Mites (6): Chamobates cuspidatus (Michael, 1884), Chamobates voigtsi
96
(Oudemans, 1902), Conchogneta dalecarlica (Forsslund, 1947), Ghilaro-
vus kvavadzei Murvanidze, 2014, Oxyoppioides decipiens (Paoli, 1908),
Ramusella insculpta (Paoli, 1908)
Spiders (6): Amaurobius fenestralis Strom, 1768, Pardosa monticola
(Clerck, 1757), Pirata sp., Pisaura mirabilis Clerck, 1757, Theridion im-
pressum Koch, 1881, Theridion melanorium Hahn, 1831
Springtails (3): Megalothorax sp., Plutomurus birsteini Djanashvili &
Barjadze, 2011, Pygmarrhopalites principalis Stach, 1945
In total: 28 species.
Tsebelda Cave
Tsebelda karst massif, Gulripshi district, Abkhazeti, Georgia
Amphipods (3): Gammarus pulex Linnaeus, 1758, Niphargus magnus
Birstein, 1940 (=Niphargus longicaudatus magnus Birstein, 1940),
Zenkevitchia admirabilis Birstein, 1941
Annelids (1): Embolocephalus velutinus (Grube, 1879) (=Peloscolex ve-
lutinus Grube, 1879)
Insects (4): Dolichopoda euxina Semenov, 1901, Jeannelius magnicus
Kurnakov, 1959, Limonia nubeculosa Meigen, 1804, Meganophthalmus
mirabilis Kurnakov, 1959
Mollusks (5): Euglesa ljovushkini (Starobogatov, 1962) (=Pisidium ljo-
vuschkini Starobogatov, 1962), Euglesa subterranea (Shadin, 1932)
(=Pisidium subterraneum Shadin, 1932), Oxychilus subeffusus (Boettger,
1879) (=Vitrea subeffusa Boettger, 1879), Paladilhiopsis shadini Staro-
bogatov, 1962, Pontohoratia birsteini (Starobogatov, 1962) (=Horatia
birsteini Starobogatov, 1962, Horatia ljovushkini Starobogatov, 1962,
Horatia sokolovi Starobogatov, 1962)
Spiders (1): Carpathonesticus zaitzevi (Charitonov, 1939) (=Nesticus zai-
tzevi Charitonov, 1939)
Springtails (2): Plutomurus kelasuricus Martynova, 1969, Troglopalites
stygios Vargovitsh, 2012
In total: 16 species.
Tsikherva (=St. Ipatia) Cave
Arabika karst massif, Gagra district, Abkhazeti, Georgia
Centipedes (1): Scutigera coleoptrata (Linnaeus, 1758)
97
Insects (2): Dolichopoda euxina Semenov, 1901, Grylloidea sp. indet.
Isopods (2): Cylisticus caucasius Verhoeff, 1917, Ligidium nodulosum
Verhoeff, 1918
In total: 5 species.
Tsivtskala Cave
Racha karst massif, Ambrolauri district, Racha, Georgia
Annelids (1): Dina ratschaensis Kobakhidze 1958
Centipedes (2): Lithobius coloratus Sseliwanoff, 1881, Lithobius eryth-
rocephalus Koch, 1847
Insects (1): Dolichopoda euxina Semenov, 1901
Mites (3): Metabelba papillipes (Nicolet, 1855), Miracarus hurkai Kunst,
1959, Tectocepheus velatus velatus (Michael, 1880)
Mollusks (1): Oxychilus sp. 2
Spiders (1): Theridion sp. 1
In total: 9 species.
Tskaltsitela (=Iazoni) Cave
Okriba karst massif, Tskaltubo district, Imereti, Georgia
Amphipods (2): Gammarus komareki imeretinus Birstein, 1933, Niphar-
gus borutzkyi Birstein, 1933 – Comment: This species was mentioned as
“Niphargus stygius borutzkyi Birstein” in Birstein, 1950 for Tskaltsitela,
Sapichkhia and Sataplia I caves.
Annelids (1): Eophila hypogea Malevich, 1947
Decapods (1): Troglocaris (Xiphocaridinella) kutaissiana (Sadowsky,
1930) (=Troglocaris schmidti kutaissiana (Sadowsky, 1930))
Flatworms (1): Tricladida sp. indet. (Turbellaria)
Insects (2): Dolichopoda euxina Semenov, 1901, Meganophthalmus
kutaissianus (Zaitzev, 1941) (=Duvalius kutaissianus Zaitzev, 1941)
Isopods (1): Asellus monticola fontinalis Birstein, 1936
Mollusks (1): Motsametia borutzkyi (Shadin, 1932) (=Horatia borutzkyi
Shadin, 1932)
In total: 9 species.
Tskaltsitela (=Chakhati) Grotto
Okriba karst massif, near Tskaltsitela Cave, Imereti, Georgia
Mites (4): Ceratoppia bipilis (Hermann, 1804), Oribella sp., Pantelozetes
98
alpestris Willmann, 1929, Umbellozetes fuscus Krivolutsky, 1969
In total: 4 species.
Tskaro (=Venetsia, peschera u venetsialnogo mosta) Cave
Chaama karst massif, Sokhumi district, Abkhazeti, Georgia
Annelids (1): Eisenia fetida (Savigny, 1826)
Decapods (1): Troglocaris schmidti Dormitzer, 1853 – Comment: This is
possibly undescribed species from Tskaro Cave.
Harvestmen (1): Nelima pontica (Charitonov, 1941)
Insects (1): Dolichopoda euxina Semenov, 1901
Isopods (3): Ligidium oligodentatum Borutzky nomen nudum, Ligidium zai-
tzevi Borutzky, 1950, Trichoniscus aphonicus abchasicus Borutzky, 1977
Mollusks (3): Conulopolita raddei (Boettger, 1879) (=Hyalinia (Conulo-
polita) raddei O. Boettger, 1879), Daudebardia sp., Hyalinia sp.
Spiders (1): Carpathonesticus zaitzevi (Charitonov, 1939) (=Nesticus zai-
tzevi Charitonov, 1939)
Springtails (3): Ceratophysella cavicola (Borner, 1901), Folsomia can-
dida Willem, 1902, Onychiuroides granulosus (Stach, 1930)
In total: 14 species.
Tsklisklde Cave
Zemo Imereti plateau, Chiatura district, Imereti, Georgia
Mollusks (2): Oxychilus koutaisianus (Mousson, 1863), Oxychilus suci-
naceus sucinaceus (Bottger, 1883)
Spiders (1): Alopecosa cuneata (Clerck, 1757)
Springtails (1): Plutomurus birsteini Djanashvili & Barjadze, 2011
In total: 4 species.
Tsutskhvati Cave Complex (=Maghara, Tsutskhvati I-XI caves)
Okriba karst massif, Tkibuli district, Imereti, Georgia
Comment: We think that this is only one cave with different entrances.
Harvestmen (1): Giljarovia redikorzevi (Charitonov 1946) (=Nemastoma
redikorzevi Charitonov, 1946, Malekia redikorzevi (Charitonov, 1946))
Insects (1): Laemostenus (Antisphodroides) ljovushkini Vereschagina, 1985
Mites (1): Amerobelba decedens Berlese, 1908
Springtails (4): Heteromurus nitidus (Templeton, 1835), Mesogas-
99
trura ojcoviensis (Stach, 1919), Plutomurus birsteini Djanashvili &
Barjadze, 2011, Pygmarrhopalites principalis Stach, 1945
In total: 7 species.
Tsutskhvati II Cave – part of Tsutskhvati Cave Complex
Okriba karst massif, Tkibuli district, Imereti, Georgia
Mites (5): Chamobates interpositus Pschorn-Walcher, 1953, Ghilarovus
kvavadzei Murvanidze, 2014, Rhysotritia ardua (Koch, 1841), Schelorib-
ates laevigatus (Koch, 1835), Scheloribates latipes (Koch, 1844)
Springtails (1): Orogastrura sp.
In total: 6 species.
Tsutskhvati VII Cave - part of Tsutskhvati Cave Complex
Okriba karst massif, Tkibuli district, Imereti, Georgia
Mites (1): Oxyoppioides decipiens (Paoli, 1908)
In total: 1 species.
Tsutskhvati VIII Cave - part of Tsutskhvati Cave Complex
Okriba karst massif, Tkibuli district, Imereti, Georgia
Mites (1): Chamobates voigtsi (Oudemans, 1902)
In total: 1 species.
Tsutskhvati XI Cave - part of Tsutskhvati Cave Complex
Okriba karst massif, Tkibuli district, Imereti, Georgia
Mites (4): Chamobates voigtsi (Oudemans, 1902), Ghilarovus kvavadzei
Murvanidze, 2014, Scheloribates laevigatus (Koch, 1835), Xenillus
tegeocranus (Hermann, 1804)
Springtails (1): Protaphorura meridiata (Gisin, 1952)
In total: 5 species.
Tupikovaya Cave
Achibakh plateau, Abkhazeti, Georgia
Spiders (1): Troglohyphantes deelemanae Tanasevitch, 1986
In total: 1 species.
Tvishi Cave
Khvamli karst massif, Tsageri district, Lechkhumi, Georgia
100
Millipedes (1): Archileucogeorgia sp.
Springtails (2): Argonychiurus multiocellatus Djanashvili, Bar-
jadze, Jordana & Burkhardt, 2014, Plutomurus birsteini Djanashvili &
Barjadze, 2011
In total: 3 species.
Unknown cave
Gudauta dostrict, Abkhazeti, Georgia
Isopods (1): Trichoniscus gudauticus anamalus Borutzky, 1977
In total: 1 species.
Usholta Cave
Racha karst massif, Oni district, Racha, Georgia
Insects (2): Lasius fuligonosus Latreille, 1798, Triphosa dubitata (Lin-
naeus, 1758)
In total: 2 species.
Zeda Akhalsheni Cave (=Verkhnyaya Andreevskaya) Cave
Gumista-Psirtskha karst massif, Sokhumi district, Abkhazeti, Georgia
Insects (1): Dolichopoda euxina Semenov, 1901
Isopods (2): Caucasoligidium cavernicola gumistae Borutzky, 1950,
Trichoniscus aphonicus abchasicus Borutzky, 1977
Mollusks (1): Serrulina sp. 4.
Spiders (1): Carpathonesticus zaitzevi (Charitonov, 1939) (=Nesticus zai-
tzevi Charitonov, 1939)
In total: 5 species.
Zeda Kvilishori (=Tsikhe) Cave
Sataplia-Tskaltubo karst massif, Tskaltubo district, Imereti, Georgia
Comment: In Borutzky and Mikhailova-Neikova (1970) there was written
about the cave near village Kvilishori with the river inside it. Two caves
are located near Kvilishori village: Zeda and Kveda Kvilishori caves. Un-
derground river exists only in Zeda Kvilishori (=Tsikhe) Cave (Tatashidze
et al., 2009: 455) and we think that bellow listed maxillopod species were
sampled in Zeda Kvilishori (=Tsikhe) Cave.
Annelids (1): Hirudinea sp. indet.
Maxillopods (3): Bryocamptus innominatus Borutsky, 1940, Bryocamp-
tus zschokkei caucasicus Kiefer, 1978 (=Bryocamptus zschokkei caucasi-
101
cus Borutsky, 1960), Nitocrella sp.
Millipedes (1): Archileucogeorgia sp.
Springtails (2): Folsomia candida Willem, 1902, Proisotoma minuta
(Tullberg, 1871)
In total: 7 species.
Zeda Shakurani (=Shakurani I, Verkhnyaya Shakuranskaya) Cave
Tsebelda karst massif, Gulripshi district, Abkhazeti, Georgia
Amphipods (1): Zenkevitchia admirabilis Birstein, 1941
Insects (3): Dolichopoda euxina Semenov, 1901, Meganophthalmus
mirabilis Kurnakov, 1959, Plectrocnemia sp. ?
Spiders (1): Carpathonesticus zaitzevi (Charitonov, 1939) (=Nesticus zai-
tzevi Charitonov, 1939)
Springtails (2): Desoria trispinata (MacGillivray, 1896), Troglopalites
stygios Vargovitsh, 2012
In total: 7 species.
Zemo Eshera (=Verkhnyaya Esherskaya) Cave
Gumista-Psirtskha karst massif, Sokhumi district, Abkhazeti, Georgia
Harvestmen (1): Nemaspela birsteini Ljovuschkin, 1972
In total: 1 species.
102
reziume
saqarTvelos karstuli mRvimeebis uxerxemlo
cxovelTa anotirebuli sia
Salva barjaZe, maka murvaniZe, Tea arabuli, levan mum-
laZe, vera fxakaZe, revaz janaSvili, meri salayaia
sakuTar da literaturul monacemebze dayrdnobiT
saqarTvelos 124 karstul mRvimidan registrirebulia
uxerxemlo cxovelTa 415 saxeoba. aRniSnuli cxovelebi
miekuTvnebian 7 ti pis 18 klassa da 45 rigs. mRvimeebSi
saxeobaTa maqsilaluri raodenobiT arian warmodgeni-
li fexsaxsrianebis ti pi (345 saxeoba), moluskebi war-
modgenilia 43 saxeobiT, 10 saxeoba miekuTvneba rgolovan
Wiebs, 9 saxeoba – amebebs, 5, 2 da 1 saxeoba ki Sesabamisad
mrgval Wiebs, wamwamian infuzoriebsa da brtyel Wiebs.
mRvimeebSi fexsaxsrianTa ti pi warmodgenilia 8 klasiT,
romelTagan saxeobaTa maqsimaluri raodenobiT gamoirCe-
va obobasnairTa klasi (142 saxeoba), xolo niJariani ki-
bosnairebi (ostrakodebi) warmodgenilia mxolod erTi
saxeobiT. 124 karstuli mRvimidan mxolod 20 mRvimeSia
dafiqsirebuli uxerxemlo cxovelTa 10 saxeobaze meti.
uxerxemloTa maqsimaluri raodenoba (29 saxeoba) aris
registrirebuli ZuZuanas mRvimeSi, rodesac mxolod 11-
11 saxeobaa warmodgenili sakiSoresa da saTaflia IV mR-
vimeebSi. imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom biospeleologiurad
gamokvleulia saqarTveloSi amJamad registrirebuli
mRvimeebis mxolod 10%-mde, momavalSi mRvimeebis inten-
siuri kvlevebis Sedegad uxerxemlo cxovelTa ricxvi
mkveTrad gaizrdeba troglo- da stigobionti endemuli
saxeobebis aRmoCenis xarjze da gamovlenili iqneba mi-
wisqveSa mravalferovnebis cxeli wertilebi.
103
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This monograph is published by nancial support of Shota Rustaveli
National Science foundation in the frame of the grant: “Biodiversity of
the invertebrate animals in Georgian karst caves” (ref. FR/24/7-110/11)
and expeditions in Imereti, Racha and Samegrelo karst caves were sup-
ported nancially by Shota Rustaveli National Science foundation under
the above mentioned grant. Besides, some expeditions in Imereti and Ra-
cha regions were supported by Rufford Small Grant Foundation under the
grants: “Cave investigations and education of local people for cave con-
servation in Chiatura and Tskaltubo districts (Imereti region, Georgia)”
(ref. 9507-1) and “Cave investigations and education of local people for
caves conservation in Racha region” (ref. 13537-2).
We would like to thank Dr. Nataly Snegovaya (Institute of Zoology,
Baku, Azerbaijan) for reviewing the list of Georgian cave-dwelling amoe-
boid protozoans; Dr. Csaba Csuzdi (Eszterházy Károly College, Eger,
Hungary) for providing publications on Georgian cave-dwelling earth-
worms, reviewing the list of Georgian cave-dwelling earthworms and
determining earthworm species; Dr. Vitaliy Anistratenko (Sсhmalhausen
Institute of Zoology NAS of the Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine) for providing
publications on Georgian cave-dwelling mollusks; Dr. Boris Sket (Uni-
versity of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia) for providing publications on
Georgian cave-dwelling decapods and reviewing the list of Georgian
cave-dwelling decapods; Dr. Cene Fiser (University of Ljubljana, Lju-
bljana, Slovenia) for reviewing the list of Georgian cave-dwelling am-
phipods; Dr. Alessandro Minelli (University of Padova, Padova, Italy)
for providing publications on the centipedes and determining centipedes
species; Dr. Sergey Golovatch (Institute for Problems of Ecology and
Evolution, Moscow, Russia) for providing publications on the millipedes
and reviewing the list of Georgian cave-dwelling millipedes; Dr. Dmitry
Sidorov (Institute of Biology and Soil Science FEBRAS, Vladivostok,
Russia) for providing publications on Georgian cave-dwelling amphi-
pods; Dr. Konstantin Gongalsky (A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology
and Evolution, Moscow, Russia) for providing publications on Georgian
104
cave-dwelling isopods and reviewing the list of Georgian cave-dwelling
isopods; Dr. Nataly Sukhih (Saint Peterburg State University, Saint Pe-
terburg, Russia) for reviewing the list of Georgian cave-dwelling maxil-
lopods; Dr. Jochen Martens (Institut für Zoologie, Mainz, Deutschland)
for providing publications on Georgian cave-dwelling harvestmen and
reviewing the list of Georgian cave-dwelling harvestmen; Dr. Juan Zara-
goza (Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain) for providing publica-
tions on Georgian cave-dwelling false scorpiones, reviewing the list of
Georgian cave-dwelling the false scorpiones and determining the false
scorpiones species; Dr. Alberto Sendra (Asociación para el Estudio del
Medio Subterráneo, Valencia, Spain) for providing publication on Geor-
gian cave-dwelling diplura; Dr. Arnaud Faille (Zoologische Staatsam-
mlung, Munich, Germany) for providing publications on Georgian cave-
dwelling ground beetles and reviewing the list of Georgian cave-dwelling
ground beetles; Dr. Mauro Rampini (University of Rome la Sapienza,
Rome, Italy) for determining cave cricket species; Dr. Robert Vargovitsh
(Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology NAS of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine) for
providing publication on the Georgian cave fauna, Dr. Elena Anufriieva,
(Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas, Sevastopol, Russia) for provid-
ing publications on Georgian crustaceans; Dr. Dmitry Palatov, who kindly
sent us photo of Motsametia borutzkyi (Shadin, 1932). This photo was
performed at the equipment of User Facilities Center of Moscow State
University under nancial support of Ministry of Education and Science
of Russian Federation; Mr. Gigo Oniani (Imereti Caves Protected Areas)
for sampling invertebrates in the caves of Tskaltubo district.
We are grateful to Elene Gratiashvili (English Language Instructor,
David Agmashenebeli National Defence Academy of Georgia.) for edit-
ing English text grammatically.
105
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