No full-text available
To read the full-text of this research,
you can request a copy directly from the author.
Human Sexual Response
... That is, not only do these structures attempt to produce their intended literary effects (i.e. the meaning of the experience), but given their underlying sexual elements, they also produce the unintended consequences of sexual response in consumers of the experience. In order to understand this function, we utilize the process of sexual response that was first outlined by Masters and Johnson in 1966. In their seminal model, human sexual response proceeds through four stages: Excitement (E), Plateau (P), Orgasm (O), and Resol- ution (R). ...
... orgasm), and ends with a calming period in which arousal subsides, blood pressure decreases, and muscles relax (i.e. resolution) ( Masters and Johnson 1966). ...
... At the same time, these consumer-based interpretations are not merely fantastic flights of fancy, but are grounded (more or less) in the cultural symbols that are manifested (inten- tionally or not) in the narrative aspects of the ride (Sandvoss 2007). Our particular analysis focuses specifically on the inherent plot and story structures (Chatman 1978;Freytag 1895;Stern 1994) of Splash Mountain that facilitate both consumers' subconscious interpretations of the narrative as well as the consumption of the stages of sexual response (Kaplan 1974;Masters and Johnson 1966;Robinson 1976), all of which make the attraction, well, attractive. ...
In the face of innumerable marketing articles that provide safe, sanitized, and staid interpretations of sex, this research attempts, in the words of one notorious rock band, to put the X back in sex by exploring its naughty role in consumption. While the extant marketing literature has focused primarily on how sex influences both consumer acquisition and identity construction, less research has addressed the consumption of sex as an erotic practice, especially in non-sexual consumption contexts. Given the immersive nature of sex, we explore the relationship between sex and consumption via experiential offerings, and more specifically, through consumer participation in the spectacular themed attraction of Splash Mountain at Walt Disney World in Orlando, Florida. Utilizing the lens and style of the archetypal trickster, we tease out the symbolic and physical aspects of this attraction to reveal that sex potentially underlies both the narrative interpretation and bodily enjoyment of this ride.
... L'orgasme est l'une des quatre phases de la réponse sexuelle décrites par Masters et Johnson (1966). Point culminant du plaisir sexuel, l'orgasme est une expérience subjective de quelques secondes de plaisir intense, altérant l'état de conscience (Alwaal et al., 2015). ...
... Dès lors, ils ne permettent pas de pleinement rendre compte de la diversité et de la variabilité des vécus (Mah et Binik, 2001). Or, il est fort probable que des caractéristiques sociodémographiques comme biomédicales impactent le vécu orgasmique (Hatzimouratidis et Hatzichristou, 2007 ;Masters et Johnson, 1966 ;Trudel, 2000). Dès lors, étudier les variabilités discursives des expériences orgasmiques selon les difficultés psychologiques ou/et psychologiques rencontrées pourrait également revêtir un intérêt clinique non négligeable dans le cadre de prises en charge ou la verbalisation des difficultés rencontrées est difficile (Gregoire, 1999 ;Sadovsky, 2002). ...
... Le rôle joué par les scripts sociaux en matière de sexualité (Simon et Gagnon, 1986) peut être évoqué. Le point des représentations sociales est en effet important tant dans le registre de la sexualité, dans les modalités de définition de l'orgasme que pour définir les critères de masculinité (Frith, 2013 ;Lavie-Ajayi et Joffe, 2009 ;Lorentzen, 2007 ;Masters et Johnson, 1966). Dès lors, ce résultat s'expliquerait, du moins partiellement, par une intériorisation de normes sociales assimilant l'orgasme masculin et l'éjaculation. ...
Résumé
Objectifs : Questionner le vécu subjectif de l’orgasme masculin à partir de témoignages de 923 hommes en couple hétérosexuel : Est-il un phénomène complexe ? Se confond-il avec le mécanisme physiologique éjaculatoire ? Le vécu orgasmique est-il commun à tous ou peut-on mettre en évidence des variabilités interindividuelles ? Ces variabilités peuvent-elles être mises en relation avec des caractéristiques sociodémographiques, avec des potentiels troubles sexuels ou des troubles psychologiques ? Méthode : Les données ont été recueillies lors d’une enquête nationale concernant la sexualité. Les thématiques ont été extraites suivant la méthode d’extraction de signification de Chung et Pennebaker. Ces thématiques ont été croisées avec des indicateurs sociodémographiques ainsi qu’avec les difficultés sexuelles et psychologiques auto-rapportées. Principaux Résultats : Dix thèmes relatifs au vécu de l’orgasme masculins ont été identifiés. Ils témoignent de sensations stricto-sensu, ou de sentiments et émotions. Lorsque les éprouvées s’inscrivent dans la temporalité du processus éjaculatoire, les deux étapes physiologiques de l’éjaculation peuvent être distinguées. Les ressentis ne se résument cependant pas au processus physiologique éjaculatoire ; ils sont également à penser en fonction du contexte relationnel de l’orgasme. Des relations significatives entre les thématiques identifiées, les indicateurs sociodémographiques et ceux liés à la vie sexuelles ont été trouvées. L’analyse des effets d’interactions entre troubles psychologiques, sexuels et vécu orgasmique montre que les dysfonctions sexuelles et les troubles psychologiques se potentialisent l’un – l’autre pour donner sens au vécu de l’orgasme masculin. Discussion/Conclusion : Le vécu orgasmique masculin est un processus bio-psycho-social complexe. Sa mise en mots apporte des informations sur les troubles rencontrés. Investiguer le discours sur l’orgasme pourrait (i) contribuer à contourner les difficultés que les patients rencontrent lorsqu’il s’agit d’aborder leurs difficultés sexuelles (ii) offrir des premiers éléments diagnostiques et (iii) favoriser l’établissement d’une alliance thérapeutique optimale.
Mots clés : orgasme masculin, analyse de discours, vulnérabilités, analyse qualitative, modélisation.
Abstract
Objectives: To question the subjective experience of male orgasm based on testimonies of 923 men in heterosexual couples: Is male orgasm a complex phenomenon? Can it be assimilated to the physiological mechanism of ejaculation? Is the orgasmic experience common to all or can we highlight interindividual variability? Can these variabilities be related to sociodemographic characteristics, with potential sexual disorders or psychological disorders ? Method: The data were collected during a national survey on sexuality. The themes were extracted according to the meanning extraction method (Chung and Pennebaker). These themes were crossed with sociodemographic indicators as well as self-reported sexual and psychological difficulties. Main Results: Ten topics related to the experience of male orgasm have been identified. They are related to sensations, or feelings and emotions. When the feelings are part of the temporality of the ejaculatory process, the two physiological stages of ejaculation can be distinguished. The feelings, however, are not limited to the ejaculatory physiological process; they are also to be thought according to the relational context of orgasm. Significant relationships between identified themes, socio-demographic indicators and those related to sexual life were found. The analysis of the effects of psychological, sexual and orgasmic interactions shows that sexual dysfunction and psychological disorders potentiate each other to give meaning to the experience of male orgasm. Discussion / Conclusion: The male orgasmic experience is a complex bio-psycho-social process. Its verbalization car brings information on the disorders met. Investigating the orgasm discourse could (i) help to overcome the difficulties that patients encounter in dealing with their sexual difficulties (ii) provide initial diagnostics and (iii) support the establishment of an optimal therapeutic alliance.
... This tenting not only makes penile contact with the cervix highly unlikely in ventral-ventral coitus (by far the most usual position for such activity) but also precludes sperm entry created by any uterine 'upsuck' into the cervical os until the orgasm and its uterine contractions have finished. The uterocervix then can descend into the liquefied ejaculate or liquefying semen pooled in the ballooned upper vaginal reservoir [2,[33][34][35]37]. In the section of the King and Belsky [28], review headed 'Argument for and against female orgasm as an adaptation' there is strangely neither discussion nor even mention of the fundamental involvement of vaginal tenting on sperm transport. ...
... It is thus extremely unlikely that they do during sexual arousal [34]. Unlike the archimyometrium, the outer two uterine smooth muscle myometrial layers (neomyometrium) do not exhibit peristalsis but can be contracted by systemic oxytocin which can cause discomfort and even acute pain if they contract into spasm [2]. It has been suggested that the pain is ischaemic due to nerve stimulation from the induced hypoxia, this also occurs during painful menstrual contractions and during labour. ...
... For example , while the duration that the fluid was left in the vagina after the arousals before its final collection and removal was said to be about 2 hours but this time maybe crucial as the uptake of the fluid by spontaneous uterine peristalsis via the activity of the archimyometrium will be in operation. The induction of the orgasms will end the arousal and the vaginal tenting [2], so the cervix will then quickly descend into the fluid but in the case of the sexual arousal without the orgasms a longer period will occur before the descent of the cervix into the fluid. Thus more fluid will appear to be taken up after the orgasm scenario than with the arousal alone scenario. ...
Abstract
The present review examines the continued claims in a number of published articles that the oxytocin released by the human female orgasm is a component
to enhance reproductive fitness by facilitating the rate or the amount, or both, of sperm transported to the ovum. The errors in these accounts, both of omission
and commission, which undermine the claimed support for this proposed function of oxytocin are highlighted and discussed. Other functions of oxytocin present
better candidates for its possible orgasmic actions.
... Such early explorations were followed by more systematic attempts to understand the physiology of sexual response, as exemplified by the writings of Van de Velde (1926), Dickinson (1933), and Kinsey and colleagues (Kinsey, Pomeroy, Martin, & Gebhard, 1953). The work of Masters and Johnson (1966), who observed sexual responses in over 650 individuals, served as a foundation for the field of sexual psychophysiology and continues to be the stimulus for much research. ...
... Zuckerman (1971) concluded that extragenital measures were not specific to sexual arousal. Coupled with Masters and Johnson's (1966) report that genital vasocongestion is the most reliable indicator of sexual response, Zuckerman's review accounts for the trend in the field toward the development and use of genital response measures. ...
... Inspired by Masters and Johnson's (1966) observation that genital responses are associated with increased blood volume and muscle tension throughout the pelvic area, Bohlen and Held (1979) developed a device to monitor intra-anal pressure and blood flow. Carmichael, Warburton, Dixen, and Davidson (1994) used an adaptation of this device to measure anal electromyographic activity and blood flow during orgasm in men and women. ...
... King et al. (2016) have attempted recently to model experimentally the possibility of uterine upsuck during orgasm. Although criticizing the experiments of Masters and Johnson (1966) on uterine sperm uptake because they involved "un-partnered masturbation of the clitoral glans" surprisingly, they used a very similar experimental sexual scenario. Instead of semen, however, they utilized a commercial vaginal lubricant (described as Liquid Silk) that they claim closely mimics a number, but clearly not all, of the physical features of semen. ...
... During human female sexual arousal, before orgasm takes place, the cervico-uterine complex is drawn up into the false pelvis well away from the ejaculated semen and its subsequent pooling in the created "basin" of the ballooned posterior wall. The movement creating the "basin" is called vaginal tenting or ballooning (Levin, 2011a,b;Masters and Johnson, 1966) and has been empirically confirmed in a number of observations and laboratory assessments (Levin, 2011a,b). The movement occurs during the late excitatory phase of sexual arousal before orgasm and not during it as mistakenly described by King et al. (2016). ...
... The movement occurs during the late excitatory phase of sexual arousal before orgasm and not during it as mistakenly described by King et al. (2016). The cervix does not descend back into the semen pool until after the orgasm has been completed (Masters and Johnson, 1966). Because of this, any uterine contractions created at and during the orgasm from whatever source clearly cannot be involved effectively in facilitating sperm upsuck and transport. ...
Speculation that the release of oxytocin by orgasm in the human female during coitus facilitates fertility by enhancing uterine sperm transport has been criticised as having no unequivocal empirical human evidence. However, a counter claim that this supports human 'exceptionalism' as some form of uterine sperm transport occurs in other species. This is a misconception as it ignores that human uterine peristalsis, powered by contractions of the smooth muscle of the archimyometrium, facilitates sperm transport even without any systemic oxytocin involvement. Moreover, examination of various unique reproductive mechanisms in numerous animals also indicates that the claim is misjudged and rests on a biased interpretation of what 'exceptionalism' means in this biological context. Ten chosen aspects of our sexuality are presented as being exceptional to humans. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
... Many researchers have investigated and documented the physiological reactions involved in orgasm among both men and women. Among men, orgasm is experienced predominantly in the penis, prostate, and seminal vesicles (Masters & Johnson, 1966). The pelvic striated muscles (i.e., voluntary), especially the perineal muscles and the anal sphincter, contract rhythmically and involuntarily during orgasm (Komisaruk, Beyer-Flores, & Whipple, 2006;Masters & Johnson, 1966). ...
... Among men, orgasm is experienced predominantly in the penis, prostate, and seminal vesicles (Masters & Johnson, 1966). The pelvic striated muscles (i.e., voluntary), especially the perineal muscles and the anal sphincter, contract rhythmically and involuntarily during orgasm (Komisaruk, Beyer-Flores, & Whipple, 2006;Masters & Johnson, 1966). The involuntary contractions the perineal muscles during orgasm are strictly reflex and cannot willfully be inhibited (Brindley, 1986). ...
... In women, orgasm occurs from the culmination of a gradual increase of vaginal luminal pressure as a result of sexual arousal (Giuliano, Rampin, & Allard, 2002). Specifically, it involves repetitive uterine and vaginal contractions, as well as contractions of striated and smooth (i.e., involuntary) muscles, including those of the lower anus and lower pelvic areas (Masters & Johnson, 1966). ...
Social representations, which appear in a variety of media, can influence the way sexual experiences are perceived and understood. While pornography is not the only medium in which orgasm is portrayed, it is the most explicit, and it is widespread and easily accessible. As such, pornography is an ideal medium for examining representations of male and female orgasm. PornHub’s 50 most viewed videos of all time were viewed and coded for the frequency of male and female orgasm, orgasm-inducing sex acts (and whether activity inducing female orgasms included some form of clitoral stimulation), and auditory (verbal, vocal) and visual (bodily) indicators of orgasm. Content analysis was used to code and analyze the data. Results were analyzed in light of sexual script theory and previous orgasm research. Only 18.3% of women, compared to 78.0% of men, were shown reaching orgasm. Sex differences in depictions of orgasm, beyond the appearance of semen, were documented. Results support the male performance script as evident in pornographic depictions of orgasm, as well as coital and orgasm imperatives. As a result, representations of male and female orgasm in mainstream pornography may serve to perpetuate unrealistic beliefs and expectations in relation to female orgasm and male sexual performance.
... Female orgasm is a neuromuscular phenomenon triggered by sexual (somatic and mental) stimuli, accompanied by anatomical and physiological responses including vasocongestion of the erectile tissues, lubrication, and pelvic contractions that induce intense pleasurable sensations [1][2][3][4][5]. This female orgasm is not yet fully understood and defined, because of the great variability in factors including localization [6][7][8], stimulation techniques [9,10], self-image [11][12][13] and quality of romantic relationship [10,14]. ...
... The mechanisms of interaction between the external and internal clitoris and the anatomical structures that contribute to the formation of the orgasmic platform have been described [1]. However, there is also a larger area involved in sexual stimulation, called the clitourethrovaginal (CUV) complex [15][16][17], a variable, multifaceted morpho-functional area that, when properly stimulated during penetration, could induce orgasmic response. ...
The female orgasm represents one of the most complex functions in the field of human sexuality.
The conjunction of the anatomical, physiological, psycho-relational and socio-cultural components contributes to make the female orgasm still partly unclear. The female orgasmic experience, its correlates and the relation with sexual desire, arousal and lubrication as predictors are highly debated in scientific community. In this context, little is known about the impact of female sexual dysfunction (SD) on sexual pleasure expressed by subjective orgasmic intensity, and there are no suitable psychometric tools suited to investigate this dimension. Thus, we validate, in female subjects, a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) that we named Orgasmometer-F, to verify if SD is accompanied by a lower perceived orgasmic intensity. A total of 526 women, recruited through a web-based platform and from sexological outpatient clinic, were enrolled in the study. They were divided into, on the basis of the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) score in two groups: 1) 112women suffering from SD, (SD Group); and 2) 414 sexually healthy women (Control Group). The participants were requested to fill out the Orgasmometer-F, recording orgasmic intensity on a Likert scale from 0 (absence of orgasmic intensity) to 10 (maximum orgasmic intensity experienced). Women with SD experienced significantly lower orgasmic intensity than controls, as measured by the Orgasmometer-F (p < 0.0001). Interestingly, masturbatory frequency was positively correlated with orgasmic intensity, as were the lubrication, orgasm and sexual satisfaction domains of the FSFI. The Orgasmometer-F was well understood, had a good test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.93) and a high AUC in differentiating between women with and without sexual dysfunction (AUC = 0.9; p < 0.0001). The ROC curve analysis showed that a cut-off <5 had 86.5% sensitivity (95% CI 82,8–89,6), 80.4% specificity (95% CI 71.8–87.3), 75.4% positive predictive value (PPV) and 89.5% negative predictive value (NPV). In conclusion, the Orgasmometer-F, a new psychometrically sound tool for measuring orgasmic intensity in female population, demonstrated that SD impair orgasmic intensity.
... In this study, a random sample of 580 registered nurses completed the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI; Rosen et al., 2000). They were then provided with descriptions of three models of sexual response: those of Masters and Johnson (1966), Kaplan (1977), and Basson (2002). Participants were instructed to select the model that they felt best described their own sexual experiences. ...
... Participants were instructed to select the model that they felt best described their own sexual experiences. Though all three models were chosen with equal frequency, women endorsing the Basson model had significantly lower FSFI domain scores than the women who endorsed either the Masters and Johnson (1966) model or the Kaplan (1977) model. A later study implemented qualitative methods to demonstrate the impact of sexual function on women's perceptions of their sexual experiences (Brotto et al., 2009). ...
Sexual arousal is frequently characterized by both subjective (i.e., mental) and physiological (e.g., genital) components. The nuances of these components, however, are difficult to capture via self-report instruments. Asking women to describe sexual arousal in their own words may therefore enhance our understanding of this construct. In the present study, women with (n = 190) and without (n = 610) arousal concerns were recruited online and wrote about their experience of sexual arousal. Seven clusters of words were extracted using automated text analysis, and the prominence of these clusters was compared between groups of women. The autonomic arousal cluster differed between groups such that women with arousal concerns invoked this cluster significantly less than did women with no such concerns. Furthermore, the context cluster significantly predicted group membership (odds ratio [OR] = 1.063); greater scores on this cluster were associated with arousal concerns. Results suggest that autonomic arousal and relationship factors may play important roles in arousal concerns. It is suggested that clinicians assess for aspects of the sexual relationship that may facilitate or hinder sexual arousal. Clinicians may also consider inquiring about the presence or appraisal of autonomic arousal (e.g., one’s interpretation of an increase in heart rate or respiration) during sexual activity.
... Male sexual dysfunction during their wives' pregnancy included premature ejaculation, sleep ejaculation, masturbation, impaired erection, altered sex drive and inability to reach orgasm (9,10). As a result of these problems, various studies reported occurrence of extramarital JRI relationships of men during their wives' pregnancy (11)(12)(13) as they do not consider their wives' emotional and physical needs. In the case of physiological pregnancy, there is no limitation on the couples sex activity, unless high risk pregnancy has been diagnosed (14,15). ...
... Although the mean scores of the six domains of FSFI in the second and the third trimester were not significant in three groups, in the two intervention groups, they were higher than the control group. It is reported in the other studies and some of text books (11,(38)(39)(40) that sexual function normally decreases during pregnancy, especially in the first trimester, due to fatigue, nausea, vomiting, emotional changes, and fear of abortion. During the second trimester, women have more energy, sexual desire, and vaginal lubrication that decrease the physical discomfort. ...
Background
The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of husbands' participation in sexual education on sexual function during pregnancy.
Methods
This quasi experimental study was conducted on 123 couples who were divided in two intervention (A: couples, B: pregnant women) and one control (C) groups. Group A couples received sex education, Group B women received sex education without their spouses, and Group C women received routine prenatal care without sex education. Sexual functions of couples were assessed by Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) and International Index Erectile Function (IIEF) questionnaires, before sex education, four weeks after the intervention, at the end of the second trimester and at the end of the third trimester.
Results
Mean total scores of FSFI and IIEF were not different at baseline in three groups. Repeated measure analysis showed significant differences between groups (A and B with C) in the mean total scores of FSFI and IIEF during the third trimester. The mean total scores of the two intervention groups of A and B were not significant.
Conclusion
According to the results of the present study, promoting the sexual function of pregnant women needs to include the sex education on prenatal care. Whereas spouses’ participation was suggested to have a great role in the effectiveness and strengthening of the education in various studies, this study showed that the lack of spouses’ participation for whatever reasons may lead to the same results of previous studies which emphasized the necessity of spouses’ participation.
... Sexual desire problems are considered the most complex, and despite their incidence, success in dealing with them has been less than impressive (Bancroft, 2009;Leiblum, 2010;Maurice, 2007). This stands in marked contrast to our successes in dealing with other sexual dysfunctions where from the outset, sex therapy outcome data have been noteworthy (Kaplan, 1974;Masters & Johnson, 1970). Although we have long been relatively successful at treating mechanical difficulties, in the years since Kaplan (1977) and Lief (1977) first drew our attention to sexual desire disorders, we have yet to demonstrate equal effectiveness in dealing with the most vexing and most common problems. ...
... What if low interest in sex is not even a symptom of an underlying dysfunction or disorder but rather signifies evidence of good judgment? In 1980, Zilbergeld and Ellison proposed an alternative to Masters and Johnson's (1966) model of human sexual response. They made the connections among subjective and physiological arousal during sex, satisfaction after sex, and desire for the next time almost 40 years ago, but their proposal has not become a standard part of our assessments. ...
Beginning in 2005, our team conducted a series of studies on optimal sexual experiences. We have applied our findings to develop a group therapy intervention for couples presenting with low sexual desire/frequency and sexual desire discrepancy. The goal was to improve the quality of erotic intimacy by focusing on such elements as being fully embodied during sex, increasing authenticity, trustworthiness and vulnerability. Twenty-eight heterosexual individuals (14 couples) were seen in 16 hours of couples group therapy. Each completed the New Sexual Satisfaction Scale in pre-tests, post-tests and 6-month follow-ups. Significant differences in satisfaction (p < .001) were found in overall sample means from pre-tests to post-tests and follow-ups. Significant differences were also found in 10 of 20 items, plus in 2 of 3 added items, including satisfaction with intensity of sexual arousal, variety, frequency, partner's initiation and emotional opening up. Although this is a small sample, the results indicate that this intervention is effective. We interpret these findings in terms of creating just enough safety to enable couples to take erotic risks and thereby create desirable sexual intimacy.
... Although much has been written about orgasm from the standpoint of sexual dysfunction (e.g., Masters & Johnson, 1965), psychologists and biologists have begun to examine orgasm from an evolutionary perspective (e.g., Barash, 2005;Baker & Bellus, 1995;Gallup, Ampel, Wedberg, & Pogosjan, 2014;Puts, Welling, Burriss, & Dawood, 2012). For reasons that are not entirely clear, however, evolutionary psychologists have tended to focus principally on female orgasm. ...
... Orgasm-induced facial expressions are another often overlooked dimension of orgasm. Contrary to what sexual pleasure and sexual gratification might lead people to expect, facial expressions during orgasm often resemble those people exhibit in response to acute pain and distress (Fernandez-Dois, Carrera, & Crivelli, 2011;Hughes & Nicholson, 2008;Masters & Johnson, 1965). Using the Mind in the Eyes Test (Baron-Cohen, Wheelwright, Hill, Raste, & Plumb, 2001) and work on facial expressions and emotion (Ekman et al., 1987), it would be interesting to see if ratings of the intensity and duration of orgasm-induced facial expressions correlate with orgasm-induced vocalizations and different ejaculate parameters. ...
The capacity to experience an orgasm evolved to promote high-frequency sex in species with low reproductive rates. Growing evidence shows that orgasms also have a variety of other reproductive consequences. Based on a distinction between orgasm frequency and orgasm intensity, there is emerging evidence in humans that orgasms function to promote and fine tune what are often very different, sex-specific reproductive outcomes. We provide an overview of the effect of hormonal contraceptives on orgasm, mate choice, and sexual satisfaction. The effects of sex during pregnancy, along with orgasm induced vocalizations, facial expressions during orgasm, and the putative effects of semen exposure on orgasm and sexual functioning in females are also discussed. Recent research suggests that female orgasms evolved to promote good mate choices, and we propose that instances of orgasmic dysfunction in many women may be a byproduct of an inability to find and/or retain high-quality male partners. (PsycINFO Database Record
... In this work, we have focused on measuring the arousal phase of human sexual response described by Masters and Johnson (1966) and temperature changes in the breast that have been found in previous experiments (Abramson & Pearsall, 1983;Seeley, et al., 1980). In the study by Seeley (1980), pectoral changes are measured in men and women during the 4 stages described by Masters and Johnson (1966). ...
... In this work, we have focused on measuring the arousal phase of human sexual response described by Masters and Johnson (1966) and temperature changes in the breast that have been found in previous experiments (Abramson & Pearsall, 1983;Seeley, et al., 1980). In the study by Seeley (1980), pectoral changes are measured in men and women during the 4 stages described by Masters and Johnson (1966). As Abramson expressed, measuring the breast temperature, even for extra genital response, is directly related to the expression of sexual feelings and the subjective feeling of excitement, it also represents for both men and women a major source of sexual stimulation. ...
... As an interesting side note, throughout the texts included here, there is a general assumption that the sexualities of male-and female-assigned people differ in notable ways. While none of the authors speak to sexual response, this focus on sex differences in sexual response breaks with the field-wide assumptions popularized by Masters and Johnson (1966) and suggests the more recent New View of women's sexuality (Kaschak & Tiefer, 2001), which contends that women's sexual responses cannot simply be modeled from men's, due to inherent differences between them. This New View was not formalized until 2000, however, decades after the works included here were published. ...
Medical, community, and academic discourses offer competing interpretations of sex, gender, and the complexities of trans experiences, with variable attention to trans contributions to social
and political thought and practice. Existing research shows that academic, medical, and psychological discourses continue to use pathologizing approaches and often misgender trans people (Ansara & Hegarty, 2011), with predictably negative impacts on trans people and communities (McNeil, Bailey, Ellis, Morton, & Regan, 2012). Using Critical Discourse Analysis and working from a stance that is critical of institutional complicities with dominating forms of power, this thesis explores the implications of medical, community, and academic discourses about trans people. In the interests of richly contextualized analysis, I have chosen to ground my discussions of selected discourses within a historical context, attending to the lived impacts on trans people and communities, and to the importance of evaluating ethical practices used in treating and researching them, through the inclusion of auto-ethnographic reflections on my own experiences. The majority of medical discourse sampled pathologizes trans experiences, defining trans people as abnormal and describing sex, gender, and sexuality as interconnected binaries. Transsexual separatist communities mirror this discourse in numerous ways, modifying medicalized categories to define their own transsexual identities as normal and all other trans identities as abnormal. Trans activists challenge both discourses, incorporating aspects of social
justice thought and affirming diversities of perspective and experience. The thesis concludes with a review of participatory research projects representing a tentative step forward for researchers, trans people and communities by incorporating trans discourses within scientific approaches. These projects break with some of the ethical problems informing past psycho/medical inquiry
and offer a glimpse at what trans-positive science might look like. Recommendations to realise this potential and recast academics as allies to minoritized communities are offered.
... Las preguntas formuladas en la encuesta (12) detallan las diferentes fases del proceso de festejo que se han observado en todas las culturas (Eibl-Eibesfeldt, 1993). El estudio del comportamiento sexual en nuestra especie suele limitarse al acto sexual y a la elección de pareja (Masters & Jonson, 1966;Buss, 1994;Lauman, Gagnon, Michael, Michaels, 1994Maté & Acarín, 2010. En cambio; las fases de la toma de contacto, del galanteo y el enamoramiento, desde la perspectiva etológica mucho más interesantes, han sido objeto de menor atención. ...
El objetivo de este estudio es mostrar si los universitarios son conscientes de las fases de la seducción y si son capaces de identificarlas. Las fases de galanteo y seducción son etológicamente muy interesantes, pero no suelen ser objeto de atención en las encuestas sobre sexualidad. El estudio comprende una muestra de 838 estudiantes universitarios a quienes se les pasó una encuesta con 12 preguntas relacionadas con la seducción. El 70% reconoce que el inicio se produce mediante el contacto visual y que forma parte de las estrategias de aproximación. Durante el proceso de la seducción, las dos terceras partes de la muestra resaltan la necesidad de establecer una base de confianza. En cuanto a las estrategias para encontrar intereses comunes, ambos sexos prefieren encontrar similitudes en personalidad y en intereses socioculturales. La mitad responde que son los varones quienes inician el contacto. Las respuestas sobre las conductas que emplean para mostrarse de forma favorable muestran diferentes estrategias en la seducción. Respecto al establecimiento de la relación, los hombres responden más frecuentemente que ésta se establece después de mantener relaciones sexuales y las mujeres cuando hay facilidad en la comunicación.
... El estudio de la sexualidad de las mujeres mayores sigue siendo uno de los espacios de silencio más importantes, pero con poca investigación disponible y con insufi iente conocimiento que lo contraste (Howard, O'Neill & Travers, 2006). Y sin embargo los primero estudios sobre sexualidad y vejez, muestran que los adultos mayores mantienen interés sostenido en la sexualidad a lo largo de toda la vida, y que en las mujeres el deseo sexual no decrece con el tiempo (Bretschneider & McCoy, 1988;Masters & Johnson, 1966). ...
La sororidad engloba las prácticas de colaboración y soporte en las relaciones entre mujeres y es el espacio propicio para la construcción de nuevas formas de signifi ar la vejez femenina. El objetivo de este estudio cualitativo fue describir y categorizar los tipos de configuraciones vinculares que se mantienen y los que se han transformado en pro a la sororidad en los procesos de envejecimiento femenino, por medio del análisis narrativo de una entrevista profunda grupal. Los resultados muestran la necesidad de implementar políticas y acciones en aras de disminuir el ageism con relación al envejecimiento de mujeres. La construcción de la sororidad ayuda en el empoderamiento colectivo en pro de su género. La sexualidad de la mujer mayor sigue siendo un tema pendiente en la agenda de la investigación y la discusión en los estudios feministas, lo que nos lleva a concluir que, a pesar de la existencia de diferencias individuales en los propios procesos de envejecimiento, las mujeres se experimentan y comparten en una misma condición histórica, por ello es en colectivo que la acción de la sororidad se pronuncia como vía en la generación de nuevas narrativas preferidas por las mujeres. Finalmente, se expone una propuesta para trabajar la percepción del cuerpo femenino en el proceso de envejecer, y la construcción de la sororidad, desde las prácticas narrativas de White y Epston.
... The vagina constitutes a potentially hostile environment for sperm, and especially so in the human female, due to its low pH. Masters and Johnson [1966] reported that immediately after ejaculation vaginal pH rose to approximately 7.0 in women due to the buffering effect of seminal fluid. This increased sperm survival and motility in the vagina, an effect that lasted for several hours. ...
Many aspects of primate reproductive anatomy and physiology have been influenced by copulatory and postcopulatory sexual selection, especially so in taxa where multiple-partner matings by females result in the sperm of rival males competing for access to a given set of ova (sperm competition). However, the female reproductive system also exerts profound effects upon sperm survival, storage and transport, raising the possibility that female traits influence male reproductive success (via cryptic female choice). Current knowledge of sperm competition and cryptic choice in primates and other mammals is reviewed here. The relevance of these comparative studies to our understanding of human reproduction and evolution is discussed.
... За нормативные показатели нами приняты статистические данные о сек- суальных проявлениях мужчин в раз- личных возрастных категориях [6,7,8]. Анкета содержит 34 вопроса. ...
... There has been little empirical investigation into the distinguishing factors between spontaneous sexual desire and more responsive sexual desire, though there has been theoretical discussion of this concept in the desire literature (e.g., Basson, 2000Basson, , 2001Basson, , 2008Brotto, 2010;Everaerd & Laan, 1995;Klusmann, 2002;Laan & Both, 2008;Toates, 2009) and in popular culture outlets (e.g., Nagoski, 2015). Masters and Johnson (1966) were the first to provide empirical evidence of the human sexual response cycle. In their four-stage model, they focused on physiological responses to sexual stimulation. ...
The most universally experienced sexual response is sexual desire. Though research on this topic has increased in recent years, low and high desire are still problematized in clinical settings and the broader culture. However, despite knowledge that sexual desire ebbs and flows both within and between individuals, and that problems with sexual desire are strongly linked to problems with relationships, there is a critical gap in understanding the factors that contribute to maintaining sexual desire in the context of relationships. This article offers a systematic review of the literature to provide researchers, educators, clinicians, and the broader public with an overview and a conceptual model of nonclinical sexual desire in long-term relationships. First, we systematically identified peer-reviewed, English-language articles that focused on the maintenance of sexual desire in the context of nonclinical romantic relationships. Second, we reviewed a total of 64 articles that met inclusion criteria and synthesized them into factors using a socioecological framework categorized as individual, interpersonal, and societal in nature. These findings are used to build a conceptual model of maintaining sexual desire in long-term relationships. Finally, we discuss the limitations of the existing research and suggest clear directions for future research.
... Deze beleving speelt een prominente rol binnen de seksuele gezondheid van een individu (Buysse, Enzlin, Lievens, T'Sjoen, Van Houtte & Vermeersch, 2014). Seksuele gezondheid werd vroeger vaak benaderd vanuit een fysiologisch perspectief waarbij een seksueel gezonde persoon werd beschreven in termen van een persoon zonder ziekte of disfunctie (Masters & Johnson, 1966). Hoewel het belang van het biologisch aspect niet valt te ontkennen bij het definiëren van seksualiteit, is het op zich onvoldoende om seksueel gedrag te begrijpen en te verklaren. ...
In deze masterproef hebben we geprobeerd om drie doelstellingen te realiseren. Ten eerste hebben we nagegaan of er etnische verschillen zijn in de seksualiteitsbeleving van autochtone en etnisch Turkse vrouwen in Vlaanderen. Ten tweede hebben we geprobeerd om de gevonden verschillen te verklaren aan de hand van verschillen in religiositeit en opleidingsniveau. En ten derde hebben we de intersecties tussen religiositeit en opleiding met betrekking tot de seksualiteitsbeleving bestudeerd. Hiervoor hebben we kwantitatieve analyses gevoerd op de data afkomstig uit de Sexpert-studie (2011-2014) met 892 autochtone en 280 etnisch Turkse vrouwen. Om een holistischer resultaat te kunnen bekomen hebben we drie dimensies van seksualiteitsbeleving bestudeerd, namelijk seksuele praktijken, attitudes en lichaamsbeeld. We kwamen tot de bevinding dat etnisch Turkse vrouwen conservatievere seksuele attitudes, maar tegelijk ook een positiever lichaamsbeeld hebben. Wat betreft de seksuele praktijken zijn er geen significante etnische verschillen. Religiositeit heeft een positief effect op het lichaamsbeeld en een negatief effect op de attitudes. Opleidingsniveau beïnvloedt positief het aantal seksuele praktijken. Religiositeit en opleiding bleken gedeeltelijk een verklaring te bieden voor de gevonden etnische verschillen. Tot slot wezen de intersectionele analyses uit dat het kruispunt tussen opleiding en religiositeit eveneens relevant is voor de seksualiteitsbeleving van vrouwen in Vlaanderen. We besluiten dat seksualiteitsbeleving in etnisch diverse context genuanceerd is naargelang wat vrouwen denken, voelen en doen.
... Until the most recent publication of the classification scheme presented in the DSM-5 R (American Psychiatric Association [APA], 2013), male and female sexual difficulties were classified on the same continuum. This classification scheme was developed around the Masters and Johnson (1970) conceptual model of human sexual response, detailing successive stages of desire, arousal, and orgasm (Sungur & Gunduz, 2014). Although the DSM-5 now recognises that women's sexual responses may not be analogous to men, the classification of women's sexual difficulties continues to be widely critiqued for privileging the biomedical and ignoring the contextual factors influencing sexuality and its difficulties (Farrell & Cacchioni, 2012;McHugh, 2006;Tiefer, 2015). ...
Sexual experiences and behaviour are particularly open to social and cultural influences; this is especially true within the area of female sexuality. While research into the social and cultural aspects of sexuality proliferated throughout the 1970s and 1980s, contemporary biomedical approaches to sexuality research have largely ignored the complex interplay of such dimensions. In this methodological paper, we reflect upon how Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) can be used by sexuality researchers to explore women's sexual experiences and difficulties and to locate these experiences within cultural and social contexts. By drawing on the authors’ experiences of using IPA to explore how women cope with the sexual side effects of antidepressant medication, we provide an overview of IPA as a research approach, briefly summarise studies which have used IPA to explore women's sexual experiences and difficulties and outline a series of steps on how to conduct an IPA study. It is hoped that this paper will stimulate debate, and encourage sexuality researchers to explore and consider the use of IPA to contribute to a research agenda based on women's individual needs and desires.
... Because of limited space, studies investigating biological indicators of sexual function only, lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) samples or individuals suffering from specific medical conditions have not been considered for this review. Figures 1-3 [9,13,[16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] summarize findings of previous research on factors that were examined in an older adulthood sample in relation to at least one of three dimensions of sexual well beingsexual activity (behaviours aiming at sexual pleasure or orgasm), satisfaction (evaluation of an individual's sexual experiences and sexual relationship, if existing, as a whole) [36] or functioning (body's reaction in different stages of the sexual response cycle, including aspects such as sexual desire or interest, erection, orgasm and ejaculation) [37] in at least two studies (factors for which empirical evidence is provided in only one study are summarized in Table 1) [9,13,[16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35]. ...
Purpose of review:
To provide an update of recent studies on factors associated with sexual well being in older people with a special focus on sexual activity, satisfaction and function.
Recent findings:
Most recent studies confirmed the relationship between mental health status, especially negative affect and depressive symptoms, and sexual health in older adulthood. However, when this relationship is investigated more deeply, it seems that in fact positive psychological well being (positive affect and quality of life) accounts for sexual activity rather than the lack of depressive symptoms. Moreover, recent studies provided more insight into the relationship between marital characteristics, religion, cognitive functioning and sleeping difficulties and different dimensions of sexual health in older adulthood.
Summary:
In summary, there is substantial previous research revealing associations between various psychosocial, health-related and demographic variables and sexual health in older adulthood. Most considered variables are, for example, age, sex, general physical and mental health. For future research, it is important to consider that relationships between specific variables and sexual health in higher age are usually more complex than they are expected to be and factors differ between different dimensions of sexual health. Communication about sexuality between health-care providers and older patients still implies a lot of barriers and lack of knowledge. Therefore, the provision of communication training for health-care providers to older people in which knowledge is gained about correlates of sexual health in older adulthood should be implemented.
... While disgust encourages avoidance, sexual arousal facilitates approach. This psycho-physiological state facilitates sexual engagement through the following means: preparing the body physiologically for intercourse (Masters and Johnson 1966), temporarily increasing sexual desire (Toates 2009), narrowing attention to sexual stimuli, increasing approach motivation towards them, and inhibiting negative emotions (Barlow 1986;Janssen and Bancroft 2007;Prause et al. 2008). Similar to disgust, it is sensitive to traits of the mate, particularly physical attractiveness (Buunk et al. 2002;Hawk et al. 2007;Stone et al. 2011). ...
Sexual stimuli can elicit both sexual arousal and disgust, which work against each other: Disgust motivates avoidance, arousal motivates approach. Previous studies suggest that in women sexual arousal temporarily inhibits sex-related disgust (e.g. Borg & de Jong, 2012), but not pathogenic disgust (e.g. Fleischman et al., 2015). This could serve the adaptive function of optimizing mating decisions, but studies have not yet assessed how disgust and sexual arousal interact in the face of potential mates. We tested the hypothesis that sexual arousal inhibits disgust if a partner is attractive, but not if he is unattractive or shows signs of disease. In an online experiment women rated their disgust towards anticipated behaviors with men depicted on photographs. Participants did so in a sexually aroused state and in a control state. The faces varied in attractiveness and the presence of disease cues (blemishes). We found that disease cues and attractiveness, but not sexual arousal influenced disgust. The results suggest that women feel disgust at sexual contact with unattractive or diseased men independently of their sexual arousal.
... In Sri Lanka no studies have been conducted into gay sexuality or the behaviour of men who have sex with men. In addition to Dillion's predicament is the ageing question, as Bretschneider and McCoy (1988), Kinsey et al. (1948) and Masters and Johnson (1966) have shown that people who are sexually active when young will also be sexually active when olderfrom ages 60-94 years. So could Dillion be stepping back in time? ...
The study from an Interpersonal Phenomenological Approach of gay sexuality in cultural terms offers an opportunity to identify the driving force behind why some men will marry a woman to fit into the society they grew up in. This study presents a case of a 40-year-old man, called Dillion living in London but wants to move back to Sri Lanka, who negotiates his identity to fit in with Sri Lanka and in London. The case study highlights the struggle of juggling between the culture of his birth and the culture he now lives in with his drive to become accepted.
It is written in the annals of history: Sexology is born in the psychiatric land. In the modern era, the first great scholars dealing with the function—and dysfunction—of human sexuality were just the doctors of the mind. Two features characterized the first sexologists: being psychiatrists and working in a German milieu. This was the case of the noble Richard Freiherr von Krafft-Ebing (Fig. 1.1), who wrote the bible of the field, the Psychopathia Sexualis (Psychopathy of Sex), of Magnus Hirschfeld, who edited in 1908 the first scientific journal, Zeitschrift für Sexualwissenschaft (Journal for Sexual Research) [1], and it was the case of Felix Abraham, Iwan Bloch, Arthur Kronfeld, Albert Moll, and Bernard Schapiro, who together built a sexual theory which was universally considered a genuine part of psychiatry. That time was also the belle époque of the great psychodynamic theories and research of Sigmund Freud and his psychoanalysis [2]. This glorious period was well represented by the Berliner Institut für Sexualwissenschaft (Institute for Sexual Research), dramatically destroyed in 1933 by the collective folly of Nazism.
Along with the progression and the changes of culture and society, the taxonomy of sexual disorders seems to be in continuous evolution. The recent release of DMS-5 operated many advances with the aim to correct and clarify previous debates in the field of sexual disorders. A minimum duration time and frequency of disorders, particular gender differences, distinctions between paraphilias and mental disorders, and elimination of labeling terms such as gender identity disorder were only some of the innovations that were made. Nonetheless, the revised classification has yielded many controversies that mainly arose from the paucity of empirical supporting data. In particular, it was pointed out that the DSM-5 was not conceived to identify prevalence rates, standardize diagnostic features, bring in appropriate treatments, which were the original objectives of the first release of DSM. The aim of this chapter was to summarize and critically revise major changes and debates among this new edition of DSM.
Differences in perceptions about sexuality in elderly. Cuenca-Ecuador Introducción: En los países en vías de desarrollo, la atención al adulto mayor se encuentra lejos de ser la ideal, específica-mente cuando se trata de su vida sexual. La falta de informa-ción respecto a este tema dio lugar a la presente investigación que tiene como objeto describir cómo es percibida en el Área de los Servicios Sociales de la Tercera Edad (ASSTE) del Ins-tituto Ecuatoriano de Seguridad Social (IESS), Cuenca, Ecua-dor, la sexualidad de los adultos mayores. Materiales y Métodos: Este es un estudio descriptivo trans-versal que tuvo lugar en el ASSTE del IESS en Cuenca, Ecuador. La muestra constó de 306 adultos cuya edad es-tuviese por encima de los 65 años. Para la recolección de datos, se utilizó un cuestionario original que fue auto-respon-dido e incluyó datos personales, medicación actual, comor-bilidades médicas así como ítems que hacen referencia a las percepciones de sexualidad. Estos fueron formulados por uniescogencia en una escala tipo Likert de 5 niveles. Resultados: La mayor parte de los participantes (55,9%) re-firió que se siente "satisfecho" con su sexualidad. Las enfer-medades, el temor al desempeño sexual y una mala comuni-cación así como tratamientos médicos fueron consideradas limitantes para el desarrollo de la sexualidad. Se hallaron di-ferencias entre sexos respecto a la frecuencia de relaciones sexuales (χ 2 =27,147; p<0,001) en las cuales la respuesta "nunca" fue reportada en su mayoría por mujeres (19,9% vs 2,2% en hombres; p<0,05). La sexualidad fue más percibida como un área importante exclusiva de la juventud a medida que aumentaba la edad del entrevistado. Conclusiones: La edad y el sexo de los adultos mayores tienen un factor determinante importante sobre su sexualidad. El adul-to mayor presenta una sexualidad más compleja que requiere estudios a mayor profundidad para un mejor esclarecimiento. Palabras Clave: Adultos mayores, senectud, sexualidad, re-laciones sexuales. Background: In developing countries, attention towards the older adult, specifically when it involves its sex life. Lack of information about this subject gave place to the present research. Its purpose is to describe how sexuality in older adults is described in the Department of Social Services for the Elderly (DDSE) in the Ecuadorian Institute of Social Services (EISS), Cuenca-Ecuador.
In this chapter of the WPA Section on Psychiatry and Human Sexuality are presented two interesting articles on sexual dysfunctions, a crucial clinical concern in Sexology - one deals with female sexuality and its dimensions and the other on the adequate and efficient treatments offered in these days. One other concerns the important matter of sexual violence. Kevan Wylie, sexologist and president of the World Association for Sexual Health presents a very actual reflection on female sexuality on different dimensions, namely women, sexual well-being, mental health, religion and sex and sexual diversity. A revision on the treatment of sexual dysfunction is done by T. S. Rao and et al. Navarro Cremades et al. the authors of the last article present an overview of the dramatic problem of sexuality violence against women starting in the definition and in sexual rights. This theme of sexual violence and PTSD is another dimension considered in what concerns to prevalence, genetic and epigenetic classifications and sexuality. The last point treated in this paper is the dimension of public health, prevention and public policies. The authors intended to follow a clinical orientation since the important issue of sexual history and how to do it in different treatments that can be prescribed, psychological and biological treatments. The human sexuality section believes in the importance of sexuality dimension in Psychiatry and Mental Health. © Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2019. All rights reserved.
Matters of sexual consent and sexual assault are hotly debated issues among professionals and laypersons alike. A widespread misconception of sexual assault is that most victims of sexual assault sustain significant physical trauma. It is the purpose of this review article to compare the patterns of physical injury (both genital and extragenital) in victims of sexual assault and participants of consensual sex to conclude if physical injury alone can indicate whether consent was given. Interpretations of injury have great forensic significance as it can influence the outcome of sexual assault cases. Several articles indicate that extragenital injuries are commonly found in sexual assault victims (46%-82%) and that most of such injuries are deemed minor. Articles report a wide range of genital injury detection rates in both sexual assault victims (6%-87%) and consensual sex participants (6%-73%). Usage of different examination techniques may partly explain the wide range of detection rates reported. Out of all those who sustained genital injuries, only a small portion of people required hospitalization. In both consensual and sexual assault cases, genital injuries in the 6 o'clock position were most common. Studies of genital injury lacked standardization of factors that significantly influence the results, such as time to examination after sex, examination techniques, and injury severity scales. Therefore, medicolegal personnel should be aware that sexual assault victims can present with a wide range of physical trauma and should avoid relying on physical trauma alone to conclude whether consent was present.
La sexualité reste encore pour certains un sujet tabou. La grossesse et le post-partum sont deux épreuves à travers laquelle la sexualité du couple peut se trouver modifiée. Dans ce contexte, l'arrivée du premier enfant a-t-il un impact sur la reprise de la sexualité ? À travers une étude rétrospective, réalisée auprès de 120 femmes ayant accouché, une évolution de la sexualité du couple a pu être mise en évidence. Divers facteurs influent sur ces modifications nécessitant une information de la part des professionnels de santé. Cependant, chaque femme est unique et vit sa sexualité avec son histoire personnelle et sa sensibilité.
An integrative model for treating sexual desire disorders was developed from the original work of Masters and Johnson Institute. Sensate focus exercises and psychoeducation were combined with couple therapy for relationship conflicts and individual therapies for issues with trauma and attachment disorders. The resulting model fits trends in systemic and integrative treatment.
Women affected by pain during penetrative sexual intercourse are often treated using fixed-size vaginal dilators that are regularly perceived as uncomfortable and leading to premature treatment drop-outs. These dilators could be improved by making them adaptive, i.e., able to exert dynamically different pressures on the vaginal duct to simultaneously guarantee comfort levels and achieve the medical dilation objectives. Implementing feedback control would then benefit from models that connect the patients’ comfort levels with their experienced physiological stimuli. Here we address the problem of data-driven quantitative modelling of pain/pleasure self-assessments obtained through medical trials. More precisely, we consider time-series records of Pelvic Floor Muscles (PFM) pressure, vaginal dilation, and pain/pleasure evaluations, and model the relations among these quantities using statistical analysis tools. Besides this, we also address the important issue of the individualization of these models: different persons may respond differently, but these variations may sometimes be so small that it may be beneficial to learn from several individuals simultaneously. We here numerically validate the previous claim by verifying that clustering patients in groups may lead, from a data-driven point of view, to models with a significantly improved statistical performance.
La satisfacción sexual es la respuesta afectiva y emocional surgida de la evaluación de las interacciones sexuales personales y de la percepción de la consumación del deseo erótico. La satisfacción marital, definida como la actitud hacia la interacción marital y los aspectos emocionales y estructurales de la pareja, es considerada uno de los más fuertes predictores de la satisfacción sexual. Además, existen otras variables que pueden estar interviniendo en la satisfacción sexual y marital de las mujeres. Por tanto, el objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la influencia de la edad y la variedad de prácticas sexuales y afectivas en la satisfacción sexual y marital de mujeres con pareja estable. La muestra está formada por 600 mujeres de edades comprendidas entre los 18 y 60 años (M = 31.57; DT = 9.14) que, independientemente de su orientación sexual, mantienen una relación de pareja estable de una duración igual o superior a dos años. A todas ellas se les aplicó la Escala de Satisfacción Sexual, la Escala de Satisfacción Marital y un inventario de prácticas sexuales. Los resultados muestran una relación inversa con la edad, de manera que el grupo de menor edad presenta puntuaciones significativamente superiores en el Factor “Comunicación” de la Escala de Satisfacción Sexual, así como en la Escala de Satisfacción Marital. Además, se ha encontrado que a mayor variedad de prácticas sexuales y afectivas, tanto durante como después de la relación sexual, mayor satisfacción sexual. Por último, la satisfacción marital se relaciona de forma directa con la satisfacción sexual. Las mujeres jóvenes y con amplia variedad de prácticas sexuales y afectivas presentan una mayor satisfacción sexual y marital. Se ha evidenciado la necesidad de elaborar modelos multicausales sobre las variables implicadas en la satisfacción sexual femenina debido a la complejidad que entraña.
Contemporary advances in addiction neuroscience have paralleled increasing interest in the ancient mental training practice of mindfulness meditation as a potential therapy for addiction. In the past decade, mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) have been studied as a treatment for an array addictive behaviors, including drinking, smoking, opioid misuse, and use of illicit substances like cocaine and heroin. This article reviews current research evaluating MBIs as a treatment for addiction, with a focus on findings pertaining to clinical outcomes and biobehavioral mechanisms. Studies indicate that MBIs reduce substance misuse and craving by modulating cognitive, affective, and psychophysiological processes integral to self-regulation and reward processing. This integrative review provides the basis for manifold recommendations regarding the next wave of research needed to firmly establish the efficacy of MBIs and elucidate the mechanistic pathways by which these therapies ameliorate addiction. Issues pertaining to MBI treatment optimization and sequencing, dissemination and implementation, dose–response relationships, and research rigor and reproducibility are discussed.
Die sexuelle Lustlosigkeit ist die häufigste sexuelle Funktionsstörung der Frau. Verschiedene somatische Therapieversuche auf hormoneller wie neurochemischer Basis zeigen meist eine sehr begrenzte Wirksamkeit. Eine sorgfältige Überprüfung der Indikation und damit des Fokus der Veränderung ist das zentrale Element für eine erfolgreiche Behandlung.
Background. Values of sexual relations repeatedly changed throughout various culturalhistorical periods. As a result of acquiring values and norms of sexual culture many actual requirements of the personthat were significant at certainontogenetic and sociogeneticstages couldget deprived of the relevance at further stages. As the sociocultural sexual development progresses the subsequent new values, highly significant for the given person are can be shaped. The system of values finds the reflexion in hierarchy and defines dynamics of sexual motives at different stages of the course of life.Objective. The objective is to define hierarchy, sexual and age distinctions in dispositional sexual motives in early adulthood.Design. The paper regards the issue of interrelation between sexual motivation and features of gender interpersonal relations. The sexual motivation was considered as interest in a general class of related incentives, all of which provide the same basic type of satisfaction associated with sexual expression. Eight specific types of incentives intrinsic to sexual expression that motivate sexual behaviourare studied: (1) feeling valued by the partner, (2) reinforcing partners value, (3) obtaining relief from stress or negative psychological states, (4) providing care and custody through sexual interaction to improve a partner’s psychological condition, (5) enhancing feelings of personal power, (6) feeling partner’s power, (7) feeling pleasure, and (8) productive fertility.Conclusion. Disregarding gender and age,the leading position in the hierarchy of sexual disposition motives is occupied by the motives of reinforcing partner’s value, pleasure and care, and subordination position, i.e. motives of comfort, personal value, power and submission. Females in comparison with males differ by higher intensity of submissionmotives and the partner’s significance, while males manifest more force of motive of production fertility. Within the years intensity of motives of partner’s significance, comfort, power and pleasure tends to increase, whereas the motives of submission, personal value and care tend to decrease. The motive of reproduction fertility does not change during years. Trends of al sexual disposition motivation in males and females at different stages of the early adulthood are designated.
In this case study, I share the methodological and ethical issues in researching culturally sensitive issues, such as sexual pleasure, in a West African country, Ghana, where sexual matters are hidden, stigmatized, and sensitive. Essentially, I present some insights into how to collect data through in-depth interviews on sexuality-related issues with women and men in Ghana and argue that women in Africa are not powerless in matters of sexuality as popular knowledge makes them appear. It is expected that the methodology will be useful for undergraduate and graduate students who intend to conduct studies on sexuality-related issues in West African countries. In sharing this experience, I also acknowledge that most new researchers around the world will have to adhere to different practices (ethically and in terms of research design) than are evident in this case.
Background:
Measurement of sexual function typically uses self-report, which, to work as intended, must use language that is understood consistently by diverse respondents. Commonly used measures employ multiple terms, primarily (sexual) interest, desire, and arousal, that might not be understood in the same way by laypeople and professionals.
Aim:
To inform self-reported measurement efforts for research and clinical settings by examining how US men and women recruited from a health care setting understand and interpret different terms.
Methods:
We conducted 10 focus groups in Durham, NC (N = 57). Discussions were audio-recorded and transcribed, and the content of the discussions was systematically analyzed in 2 phases of coding by the research team, facilitated by Nvivo qualitative analysis software (QSR International, Doncaster, VIC, Australia).
Outcomes:
Patient focus group discussions about the meanings and connotations of multiple terms related to sexual function, especially interest, desire, and arousal.
Results:
5 groups included male participants and 5 included female participants. Participants characterized (sexual) interest as a cognitive phenomenon and a situational response to a specific person. Similarly, they characterized (sexual) desire as a situational person-specific experience with some support for it as a cognitive phenomenon but more support for it as a physical phenomenon. In contrast, participants characterized sexual arousal as a physical phenomenon occurring in response to physical or visual stimulation and not related to a specific person.
Clinical implications:
These results can help us understand how laypeople are using and responding to these terms when they are used in clinical and research settings.
Strengths and limitations:
Patient participants in these groups were diverse in age, gender, sexual orientation, and health, with the potential to voice diverse perspectives on sexual functioning; however, the sample was limited to a single city in the southeastern United States.
Conclusion:
The meanings of interest, desire, and arousal were defined, compared, and contrasted in the context of patient focus groups. Qualitative coding showed that interest was considered the most "cognitive," arousal the most "physical," and desire somewhere in between. DeLamater JD, Weinfurt KP, Flynn KE. Patients' Conceptions of Terms Related to Sexual Interest, Desire, and Arousal. J Sex Med 2017;XX:XXX-XXX.
This chapter opens with a discussion on penis size. Individuals have their preferences but the data swerve sharply toward penis size being irrelevant except for a small proportion of women who like the aesthetics of a larger penis and those gay men who are hooked on size as an erotic trigger. The chapter next talks about the vagina and highlights that the vulva is outside, and the vagina is inside. It then talks about circumcision. As of now, no major medical organizations are suggesting that all newborn infants be circumcised for health reasons. Instead, the view is that the procedure should be available to any family that wants it and should be reimbursed by insurance. The chapter further talks about the G-spot in women, testosterone, and biological sex.
This chapter analyzes why societies put so much emphasis on virginity. In many cultures virginity has historically been tied to purity and morality, especially for women. In the early 1900s, however, this view began to change. Though virginity was still seen as valuable to women, more young women were more willing to have sex outside of marriage—especially within the context of a relationship that was heading toward marriage. The 1990s were an interesting time for views on virginity. In modern history, society has had some pretty conflicting views on virginity. These views impact how individuals feel about their own first time. The chapter highlights that young people should be educated about sexuality and first sexual experiences before they have them. It further talks about the simultaneous orgasm myth, gender, rough sex, masturbation and aphrodisiacs.
Purpose of Review
This paper is written to introduce postpartum sexual functioning through a biopsychosocial lens, including challenges and interventions for optimal sexual functioning during the postpartum period, both for women and their partners.
Recent Findings
While considered to be dysfunctional compared to sexual functioning outside of the perinatal period, changes to sexual functioning in the year following childbirth are common. Biological and physiological factors which affect postpartum sexual functioning include method of delivery, breastfeeding and hormonal changes, and sleep. Psychosocial factors impacting postpartum sexual functioning include mental health, identity transition with adjusting to parenting, body image, social support, cultural context, and romantic relationships. Basson’s model of female sexual response is also discussed.
Summary
Sexual functioning during the postpartum year is a biopsychosocial process which is challenging for most couples, although there are exceptions. These challenges need to be pathologized. Healthcare providers need to better support new parents with their sexual health.
Breasts, including the nipple and areola, have two functions: lactation and as an erogenous area. Male breasts are much less studied that those of women. In men, breasts have only an erotic function. Because there is dense and very well organized innervation of the nipple-areola complex in men, nipple erection occurs frequently and via different mechanisms from penile erection. Although it seems to be less important for men than for women and it is poorly studied, the erotic value of breast stimulation is notable. Consequently, there is a need to include this aspect in sexological and andrological studies and to preserve breasts and their innervation or to reconstruct them in cases of surgical intervention.
ResearchGate has not been able to resolve any references for this publication.